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A photoinduced flexible Li-CO2 battery with well-designed, hierarchical porous, and free-standing In2 S3 @CNT/SS (ICS) as a bifunctional photoelectrode to accelerate both the CO2 reduction and evolution reactions (CDRR and CDER) is presented. The photoinduced Li-CO2 battery achieved a record-high discharge voltage of 3.14 V, surpassing the thermodynamic limit of 2.80 V, and an ultra-low charge voltage of 3.20 V, achieving a round trip efficiency of 98.1 %, which is the highest value ever reported (

Photoassisted electrochemical reaction is regarded as an effective approach to reduce the overpotential of lithium-oxygen (Li-O

The photoassisted lithium-oxygen (Li-O

Severe polarization triggered by the limited electrochemical activity of carbon dioxide as well as the insulating and insoluble discharge product Li2CO3 significantly impedes the practical application of Li–CO2 batteries. Herein, a light-assisted Li–CO2 system employing SiC/RGO as the photo-electro-catalytic hybrid cathode is presented to overcome the obstacle of polarization in conventional Li–CO2 cells. RGO is capable of transferring high-energy electrons generated on SiC after absorbing photons, inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated electrons. During the discharge process, the kinetics of CO2 reduction reaction is promoted by the photogenerated electrons. Thus, the discharge voltage of the battery is increased to 2.77 V, which is very close to the theoretical potential for 4Li + 3CO2 → 2Li2CO3 + C (2.80 V). Besides, the holes generated on the photoelectrode upon charging promote the decomposition of Li2CO3, effectively alleviating the overpotential of the Li–CO2 battery. Consequently, the system exhibits an excellent energy efficiency of 84.4%. These findings demonstrate the promising potential of the photo-assisted electrochemical process in addressing the overpotential issue of Li–CO2 batteries.

Directly converting and storing abundant solar energy in next-generation energy storage devices is of central importance to build a sustainable society. Herein, a new prototype of a light-promoted rechargeable and flexible Li-CO

The photo-assisted lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) system emerged as an important direction for future development by effectively reducing the large overpotential in Li-O2 batteries. However, the advancement is greatly hindered by the rapidly recombined photoexcited electrons and holes upon the discharging and charging processes. Herein, we make a breakthrough in overcoming these challenges by developing a new magnetic and optical field multi-assisted Li-O2 battery with 3D porous NiO nanosheets on the Ni foam (NiO/FNi) as a photoelectrode. Under illumination, the photogenerated electrons and holes of the NiO/FNi photoelectrode play a key role in reducing the overpotential during discharging and charging, respectively. By introducing the external magnetic field, the Lorentz force acts oppositely on the photogenerated electrons and holes, suppressing the recombination of charge carriers. The magnetic and optical field multi-assisted Li-O2 battery achieves an ultra-low charge potential of 2.73 V, a high energy efficiency of 96.7%, as well as a good cycling stability of 200 h. This external magnetic and optical field multi-assisted technology paves a new way of developing high-performance Li-O2 batteries and other energy storage systems.

A photoinduced flexible Li-CO

Using a ring-on-block wear test machine, friction and wear tests were carried out on a PSZ (partially stabilized zirconia) ceramic-steel pair under the lubrication conditions of paraffin oil and paraffin oil with 0.5% ZDDP (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate) additive. Surface analysis techniques of XPS and AES were used to analyze the rubbing surfaces. The test results showed that the PSZ ceramic-steel pair possesses very good tribological behavior. The wear resistance of the pair was increased when ZDDP was added to the paraffin oil lubricant. Surface analysis showed that the increased wear resistance could be attributed to the formation of a surface reaction film containing the elements Zn, P, and S on the rubbing surfaces

chinese acad sci, inst met res, shenyang 110015, peoples r china.;liu, y (reprint author), chinese acad sci, inst met res, shenyang 110015, peoples r china