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Background: The evidence for the health benefits of physical activity is growing; however, the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles continues to contribute to the increase in chronic non-communicable diseases. We know that occupational-time physical activity does not provide the same benefits as leisure-time physical activity, which has been shown to reduce mortality and pain. We also know that multiple factors influence pain; however, there are no studies that specifically analyze the impact of type of working time and occupational-time physical activity on the impairment of daily activities due to pain. We aimed to study the influence of both personal and occupational factors on the impairment of daily activities due to pain, assessing whether leisure-time physical activity acts as a protective factor. Methods : A cross-sectional, population-based design was used based on the 2017 National Health Survey in Spain (ENSE). Sociodemographic, leisure-time physical activity, and work-related variables were collected. The outcome variable was the impairment of daily activities due to pain. Ordinal logistic regression was applied, and the analysis was complemented with simple correspondence analysis. Results : A total of 1,441 workers between 18 and 65 years of age were studied. Significant differences were found between sexes for all variables except age and leisure-time physical activity. Logistic regression revealed significant associations between sex, primary and secondary education levels, no leisure-time physical activity, and overweight with impairment of daily activities due to pain. Simple correspondence analysis showed that the categories doing leisure-time physical activity several times a week as well as several times a month are closer to the categories of little or no pain. Conclusion : Female gender, low educational level, overweight, and lack of leisure-time physical activity were associated with increases in impairment of daily activities due to pain. Occupational-time physical activity and work shift were not related to impairment of daily activities due to pain. Implications for Occupational Health Practice : Occupational Health Nursing interventions through education and counseling on the importance of leisure-time physical activity promotion programs potentially can reduce the impairment of daily activities due to pain in working populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Las cada vez más crecientes cifras de cáncer de mama, la alta supervivencia y la diversidad cultural y religioso-espiritual actual hacen que en la vivencia de esta patología confluyan una gran cantidad de factores que deben ser considerados. Objetivo: Conocer la influencia de los elementos culturales en la vivencia del cáncer de mama y la mastectomía. Metodología: Revisión integradora en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales de bibliografía científica publicada entre 2006 y 2018. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos identificados fueron los aspectos emocionales y sexuales, y su influencia en la vivencia del cáncer de mama/mastectomía , los factores sociales y culturales estresantes en la mujer con cáncer de mama/mastectomía y los mecanismos de adaptación al cáncer de mama en relación a su cultura Respecto a los dos primeros hallazgos, se evidencia pérdida de la feminidad, autoestima y percepción negativa de la imagen corporal así como un descenso de la satisfacción, la funcionalidad sexual y la libido. También temor a la recaída y al cambio de rol familiar en países como Jordania, Líbano y en la cultura afroamericana. En cuanto a los mecanismos de adaptación, la enfermedad es entendida desde lo espiritual como voluntad de Dios en culturas imperantes en Indonesia, Jordania y Hawái, aunque, por el contrario, mujeres en Bahréin conciben el cáncer como un castigo o un mal de ojo. Conclusión: Existe la necesidad de prestar una atención más especializada atendiendo aspectos emocionales y sobre la sexualidad, actuando sobre conciencia social para evitar el estigma que padecen y valorando el significado de la enfermedad y las estrategias espirituales de afrontamiento llevadas a cabo. Estudios futuros podrían profundizar en el abordaje culturalmente competente de esta patología.

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Background: Spiritual care could help family members and critically ill patients to cope with anxiety, stress and depression. However, health care professionals are poorly prepared and health managers are not allocating all the resources needed. Aims and objectives: To critically review the empirical evidence concerning the influence of spirituality and religion (S‐R) on critical care nursing. Methods: An integrative review of the literature published in the last 10 years (2010‐2019) was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, CINHAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS. In addition, searches were performed in the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe and the Grey Literature Report. Quantitative and/or qualitative studies, assessing S‐R and including health care professionals caring for critically ill patients (i.e. adults or children), were included. Results: Forty articles were included in the final analysis (20 qualitative, 19 quantitative and 1 with a mixed methodology). The studies embraced the following themes: S‐R importance and the use of coping among critical care patients and families; spiritual needs of patients and families; health care professionals' awareness of spiritual needs; ways to address spiritual care in the intensive care unit (ICU); definition of S‐R by health care professionals; perceptions and barriers of addressing spiritual needs; and influence of S‐R on health care professionals' outcomes and decisions. Our results indicate that patients and their families use S‐R coping strategies to alleviate stressful situations in the ICU and that respecting patients' spiritual beliefs is an essential component of critical care. Although nurses consider spiritual care to be very important, they do not feel prepared to address S‐R and report lack of time as the main barrier. Conclusion and implications for practice: Critical care professionals should be aware about the needs of their patients and should be trained to handle S‐R in clinical practice. Nurses are encouraged to increase their knowledge and awareness towards spiritual issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]