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This study examines the intensity of grieving experienced by volunteers from animal protection organizations in southern Spain. A total of 130 volunteers (86% female; M = 42.0 years) reported on their reactions to loss following the death of animals under their care, levels of empathy, anthropomorphism, and attachment experienced toward these animals, received social support, and overall health status. The results showed that 65.5% of participants displayed signs of general complicated grieving (83% on the grief scale; 40% on the anger scale; 47% on the guilt scale). The intensity of grief was associated with higher symptomatology (linear polynomial ANOVA, **p < .01). The linear regression analysis revealed a relationship between attachment levels, anthropomorphism, empathy, family support (inverse), and the intensity of grieving experienced (*p < .05). Taken together, these findings indicate the existence of complicated mourning reactions among volunteer staff in animal protection organizations, justifying the development of specific prevention programs., Este estudio examina la intensidad del duelo experimentado por voluntarios de organizaciones protectoras de animales en el sur de España. Un total de 130 voluntarios (86% mujeres; M = 42,0 años) informaron sobre sus reacciones ante la pérdida tras la muerte de los animales bajo su cuidado, los niveles de empatía, antropomorfismo y apego experimentado hacia estos animales, el apoyo social recibido y la salud en general. estado. Los resultados mostraron que el 65,5% de los participantes mostraban signos de duelo general complicado (83% en la escala de tristeza; 40% en la escala de ira; 47% en la escala de culpa). La intensidad del duelo se asoció con una mayor sintomatología (ANOVA polinómico lineal, **p < .01). El análisis de regresión lineal reveló una relación entre los niveles de apego, el antropomorfismo, la empatía, el apoyo familiar (inverso) y la intensidad del duelo experimentado (*p < .05). En conjunto, estos hallazgos indican la existencia de reacciones de duelo complicado entre el personal voluntario de las organizaciones de protección animal, lo que justifica el desarrollo de programas de prevención específicos.

Civic engagement is crucial in order to uphold democratic societies, however there is growing concern about a progressive decrease in youth sociopolitical participation and the existence of socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and therefore, an unequal distribution of political power. This study analyzes the influence of family socioeconomic level—both directly and indirectly through social concerns—on the adolescents’ expected sociopolitical participation as adults, from a gender perspective. The sample included 4,448 adolescents 13 to 18 year old, selected through random multistage sampling stratified by conglomerates. Results showed family material affluence to have a limited direct influence on expected sociopolitical participation, however a significant indirect impact through their concerns about social issues. Adolescents with a low socioeconomic level were more concerned about social issues, and therefore had higher expectations of socio-political participation than adolescents with a high socioeconomic level. In addition, these effects were similar for both boys and girls. Understanding how family socioeconomic status influences adolescent civic engagement and how these inequalities are reproduced among boys and girls will aid in designing interventions that promote knowledge and opportunities for participation—especially among the more disadvantaged groups—, which can reduce gender and socioeconomic gaps.

Aesthetic sensitivity in people with high sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) reflects the positive perception of life, especially aspects related to the arts and nature. This study is focused on the analysis of the effect of aesthetic sensitivity in relation to indicators of health-related quality of life (general health, mental health and emotional role), the personality traits openness to experience and agreeableness, and coping strategies in people with SPS. The adult participants (N = 10,520, mean age = 33.61) completed the Spanish versions of the High Sensitivity Person Scale (HSPS-S), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI). It was observed that people with high aesthetic sensitivity presented greater openness and agreeableness, tended to use adaptive coping strategies and showed a slightly poorer functioning in different areas of daily living. Moreover, health-related quality of life, mental health and adaptive coping strategies occupied central positions in the correlations between variables, with a positive impact between mental health and adaptive coping strategies with openness and agreeableness. Lastly, the level of aesthetic sensitivity did not play a moderator role, and it exerted no differential influence on its relationship with the analysed variables. Now, it has been found that people with high levels of aesthetic sensitivity cope more adequately, which would cushion the effect that high SPS can have on mental health, specifically on anxious and depressive symptoms. It is concluded that these findings are relevant and useful for future propositions of prevention and clinical intervention, as well as for counselling in the psychoeducational, labour and family scopes, amongst others.

Introduction: There is a gap in the literature on the romantic relationships of adopted adolescents. To address this issue, the present study has three aims: (1) to explore differences between adopted and non‐adopted adolescents in terms of their involvement in and the length of their romantic relationships; (2) to explore the quality of these relationships; and (3) to analyze associations between affective relationships and well‐being in both groups. Method: The sample comprised 276 adopted (64.5% girls; mean age 16.3 years, 73.9% international adoptees) and 276 non‐adopted (48.3% girls; mean age 16.3 years) adolescents, all of whom participated in the Spanish Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children survey. Results: Similar romantic relationship rates and lengths were found among adoptees and non‐adoptees, as well as between international and domestic adoptees. Adoptees reported more emotional support and conflicts in their romantic relationships than their non‐adopted peers. Finally, associations between the quality of the romantic relationships and well‐being were similar for both groups, with more conflicts being linked to lower levels of well‐being, and more emotional support and affection correlating with higher levels of well‐being. Discussion: The data suggest more similarities than differences between adopted and non‐adopted adolescents. However, although this indicates that romantic relation- ships are yet another example of recovery for adopted boys and girls, further research is required, with larger and more diverse samples from multiple countries, to explore the differences observed in more detail

Esta tesis aborda el compromiso cívico de los adolescentes, un constructo multidimensional que ha sido estudiado desde diversas perspectivas. A partir de una revisión de la literatura, se adopta la definición de Schultz et al. (2010) que incluye indicadores como la participación de los estudiantes en actividades cívicas y políticas, tanto en sus escuelas como fuera de ellas, así como sus creencias y pensamientos sobre su intervención en la sociedad. Se plantean dos objetivos principales: en primer lugar, caracterizar y operativizar el compromiso cívico adolescente desde la perspectiva de género, evolutiva y de las desigualdades socioeconómicas, para lo que se analizan las propiedades psicométricas, en términos de evidencias de fiabilidad y validez, de los ocho indicadores propuestos para medir el compromiso cívico. El segundo objetivo consiste en explorar las asociaciones entre el compromiso cívico y variables sociodemográficas, contextuales y de desarrollo positivo adolescente. La investigación se basa en una muestra de 2805 adolescentes españoles, recogida en el marco del proyecto Barómetro de Opinión de la Infancia y la Adolescencia impulsado y financiado por UNICEF España. Los resultados de la tesis muestran un bajo compromiso cívico en general en los chicos y chicas de esta muestra. Asimismo, algunos indicadores como la percepción del valor que le dan los y las estudiantes a su participación en la escuela o las expectativas de participación sociopolítica mostraron diferencias en función del sexo, con mayores puntuaciones en las chicas. La edad también se comportó diferente entre los grupos de edad, siendo el grupo de 17-18 años los que obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en algunos indicadores. Sin embargo, en general, no existieron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de la mayoría de las subescalas estudiadas en función del sexo, edad y el nivel socioeconómico familiar. En cuanto a las evidencias de fiabilidad mostraron una consistencia interna adecua

Según las definiciones más aceptadas de la literatura científica al respecto, se entiende por conducta antisocial cualquier comportamiento que esté en contra de las normas sociales. Sin embargo, aunque existe acuerdo en cuanto a su definición, las distintas investigaciones obtienen resultados incoherentes, en gran parte debido a la falta de consenso en su medida. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo proponer una medida de evaluación de la conducta antisocial para la adolescencia y estudiar su relación con variables demográficas, socioeconómicas, psicológicas y contextuales; con el fin de analizar qué variables predicen mejor la participación en conductas antisociales de los y las adolescentes en España. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que entre las variables más relacionadas con la participación en este tipo de comportamientos se encuentra la percepción de las conductas como antisociales por parte del entorno, la regulación emocional de los y las adolescentes y el apoyo que reciben de figuras significativas, como es el caso de la familia y el profesorado. Además, en esta tesis se propone un programa de intervención para promover el desarrollo socioemocional y la adherencia al contexto escolar de chicos y chicas pertenecientes a una zona en riesgo de exclusión social, de modo que se hace un esfuerzo por integrar los resultados de la investigación en el programa propuesto.

La participación en conductas antisociales en la adolescencia es un tema controvertido que causa preocupación social y tiene implicaciones en los propios adolescentes. Este artículo trabaja con los datos del estudio Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) de 2014 y tiene como objetivos conocer la prevalencia de conducta antisocial de baja gravedad en adolescentes entre 11 y 16 años, y estudiar la relación entre la conducta antisocial y la salud global percibida. La muestra fue de 9775 adolescentes escolarizados en España (50,95% chicas). Los chicos y chicas presentaron prevalencias de conducta antisocial similares en todas las categorías, excepto en la categoría “destrozo”, más prevalente en chicos. Sin embargo, se encontraron discrepancias en la prevalencia de la participación en conducta antisocial en función de la edad, con una mayor prevalencia en los grupos de mayor edad. Se encontró que cometer actos antisociales de baja gravedad se relaciona con una peor puntuación en salud en todas las edades independientemente del sexo, justificando la necesidad de realizar intervenciones preventivas y atajar las circunstancias que promueven la conducta antisocial., Engagement in antisocial behavior during adolescence is a controversial issue causing social concern and with implications for the adolescents. This research is based on data from the 2014 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study and aims to determine the prevalence rate of antisocial behavior in 11-16-year-old adolescents and examine the relationship between antisocial behavior and perceived global health. The sample is composed of 9775 adolescents enrolled in school in Spain (50.95% girls). Results show a similar prevalence for boys and girls in all categories except in destruction, which is more prevalent in boys. However, discrepancies were found in the prevalence of engaging in antisocial behavior according to age, with a higher prevalence in older age groups. It was found that lesser antisocial acts are associated with a worse health score at all ages regardless of sex, justifying the need to carry out preventive interventions and tackle the circumstances that promote antisocial behavior.

La participación de los estudiantes en debates, búsqueda de información, etc., sobre asuntos sociopolíticos, la eficacia política interna y las expectativas sociopolíticas de participación son indicadores de compromiso cívico adolescente. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de la Participación comunicativa sociopolítica de los adolescentes de España en las Expectativas de participación sociopolítica, de forma directa y a través de la Eficacia política interna según el género. Esta investigación basada en el proyecto “Barómetro OPINA” fué transversal y participaron 4711 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 18 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron tres escalas que medían los indicadores de compromiso cívico propuestos. Se realizaron comparaciones de media, un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y un análisis de invarianza según el sexo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de Expectativas de participación sociopolítica y Eficacia política interna. El modelo mostró buenos indicadores de ajuste sin efectos de mediación e invarianza según el sexo. Establecer debates sociopolíticos con familiares y amigos o ver noticias explica las creencias que tienen los jóvenes sobre cómo influir en la política y cómo intervenir en un futuro en situaciones que beneficien a su comunidad., Students’ participation in debates with family and friends on socio-political issues, internal political efficacy, and socio-political expectations of participation are indicators of adolescent civic engagement. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the socio-political communicative participation of adolescents in Spain on the expectations of socio-political participation, directly and through internal political efficacy according to gender. This research is based on the “OPINA Barometer” project, which was a cross-sectional study and involved 4711 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years. The instruments used were three scales that measured the proposed indicators of civic engagement. Mean comparisons, a model of structural equations and an analysis of invariance according to gender were performed. The results obtained showed significant differences in the scores of expectations of sociopolitical participation and internal political efficacy. The model showed good adjustment indicators without effects of mediation and invariance according to gender. The study concludes that socio-political debates with family and friends or watching news explains the beliefs young people have about how to influence politics and how to intervene in the future in situations that benefit their community., A participação dos estudantes em debates com a família e amigos sobre questões que têm a ver com a política ou com a sociedade, a eficácia política interna e as expectativas sociopolíticas de participação são indicadores de envolvimento cívico adolescente. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência da participação sociopolítica comunicativa de adolescentes em Espanha sobre as expectativas de participação sociopolítica, direta e através da eficácia política interna em conformidade com o género. Esta investigação baseada no projeto ""BARÓMETRO OPINA"" foi um estudo transversal e envolveu 4711 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 18 anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram três escalas que mediram os indicadores propostos de envolvimento cívico. Foram realizadas comparações médias, um modelo de equações estruturais e uma análise da invariação em relação ao género. Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças significativas nas expectativas de participação sociopolítica e de eficácia política interna. O modelo mostrou bons indicadores de ajustamento sem efeitos de mediação e invariação em conformidade com o género. O estudo conclui que debates sociopolíticos com a família e amigos ou as notícias explicam as crenças que os jovens têm sobre como influenciar a política e como intervir no futuro em situações que beneficiam a sua comunidade.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to analyze the psychometric properties of the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13), determine the role of the method effect in the performance of the instrument, and identify the relationship with health perception, quality of life, and sleep quality in patients at cardiovascular risk. Methods: The final sample consisted of 293 patients at cardiovascular risk, with a mean age of 61.9 years (SD = 8.8), 49.8% of whom were women. The SOC-13, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep Scale (MOS-Sleep) were administered. In addition, the participant’s self-perceived health and quality of life were also evaluated. All analyses were carried out with SPSS 26.0 and EQS 6.1 statistical software. Results: The results showed adequate reliability for the SOC-13, with a Cronbach’s alpha of .789. The fit of the structures was not adequate in any of the cases (.26 to .62 for one factor, .26 to.73 for three factors, .20 to .54 for one second-order factor, and .25, .42, and .54 for three first-order factors). The three structure models showed an improved fit when adding a latent factor resulting from the method effect (.6 to .85 for one factor, .11 to.90 for three factors, and .11 to .96 for one second-order factor). Moreover, positive correlations were found with health perception, perceived quality of life, and perceived sleep quality. Conclusion: The SOC-13 is a suitable instrument for patients with cardiovascular risk in Spain, and it is also an indicator of health perception, quality of life, and perceived quality of sleep. Control of the method effect improves the fit of the instrument’s structure. As a future direction, it is recommended to conduct new studies in this and other samples and using different versions of the SOC.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in children and adolescents. Neurofeedback, a nonpharmaceutical treatment, has shown promising results. To review the evidence of efficacy of neurofeedback as a treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD. A systematic review of the specific scientific studies published in 1995–2021, identifying and analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCT). A total of 1636 articles were identified and 165 met inclusion criteria, of which 67 were RCTs. Neurofeedback training was associated with significant long-term reduction in symptoms of ADHD. Though limitations exist regarding conclusions about the specific effects of neurofeedback, the review documents improvements in school, social, and family environments.

In recent years, the need to consider the gender identity in the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the research, as well as in the intervention, has been manifested. As an evidence of this growing interest in learning about the reality of transgender people, it is observed an exponential increase in publications of scientific research in the last 15 years. Undeniably, transgender people face severe victimization and discrimination episodes in a cis-hetero-patriarchal social system that affects their health and well-being, explained in depth from Ian Meyer's minority stress model and its subsequent updates. This has led research to focus on transgender health from a pathological perspective, in which topics such as risk behaviors or serious mental health problems stand out. Studying this area of health is undeniably crucial, but at the same time there is a lack of research on elements that build resilience or at least offer a more normalizing, positive, and complete view of transgender health. Regarding other methodological limitations, samples used in transgender studies are usually obtained with non-probabilistic sampling (such as snowball sampling or chain sampling). At the same time, few large-scale studies include questions in order to know the gender identity of the participants. It may happen that large studies manage to collect information on transgender people, but within the LGBT community, which allows us to have data, but not in a distinguished and clear way. Moreover, in the case of studies conducted with random and large samples, they come from Western and English-speaking countries, thus there is a tendency to generalize the results of people living in these contexts to countries whose legislation or sensitivity to gender diversity may be different. The purpose of this doctoral dissertation has been to bring to light an overview of the health and well-being of transgender adolescents in Spain. First, the utility of the two-step approach as a

Civic engagement plays a positive role in adolescent wellbeing, as well as being the basis for maintaining a democratic society. This research analyzed how perceived support from developmental contexts contributes to adolescent civic engagement –assessed through their expectations of future sociopolitical participation–, mediated by sense of unity, and differences according to sex, age, and socioeconomic status. The sample included 3,715 participants (13–18 years old) from the 2019 OPINA Barometer who were selected using multistage random sampling stratified by conglomerates. The measures assessed sex, age, family, friends, classmates, and teacher support, the expectations of future sociopolitical participation, and sense of unity. Socioeconomic status was assessed by the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, mean comparisons, and structural equation models using bootstrapping and measurement invariance. Results showed developmental contexts to significantly affect expected sociopolitical participation only through the mediator role of the sense of unity. In addition, peer support (both friends and classmates) showed a stronger direct influence on sense of unity –and indirect influence on the expectations of future sociopolitical participation– than family and teachers. The model was invariant across sex, age, and FAS. This research highlights that a sense of unity, derived from feeling part of a larger dependable structure, is crucial for establishing behaviors in the interest of the common good, and that this social connectedness is learned in the most immediate developmental contexts, specifically, that of peers.

Hace más de un siglo que se empezaron a definir los estereotipos, y desde entonces estos se han asociado a los hombres, pero sobre todo a las mujeres, y más en concreto en el deporte. Con este estudio se ha querido investigar si también hay estereotipos en los videojuegos e indagar en el perfil de los gamers. Para ello se han realizado dos estudios: un primer estudio con aquellos gamers que se dedican profesionalmente a los videojuegos, y el otro con los que juegan por hobbie. Para el primer estudio, se han recopilado los datos de 10 equipos españoles de esports, y para el segundo estudio se realizó un cuestionario con 134 participantes sobre videojuegos, identidad como deportista y estereotipos sobre las mujeres gamers. Los resultados han mostrado que las mujeres aún siguen siendo minoritarias en el mundo de los videojuegos, pero que en muchos aspectos, no hay diferencias entre sexos. También se ha comprobado la falta de identidad como deportistas que tienen los gamers y que estos no asocian ningún estereotipo negativo a las mujeres gamers.

The aim of this study was to examine trends in cannabis use among Spanish students 2006-2018 by sex, age, and sex and age combined. Data showed a global decrease both in a lifetime and frequent cannabis use between 2006 and 2018 but four-year comparisons revealed more variability within the specific sex-age groups. No change was found in lifetime use between 2014 and 2018 for all groups. The results emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring of trends in cannabis use and the importance of implementing preventive measures to avoid a change in tendency and to work with high-risk groups, especially 17-18-old boys.

La valoración de empresas es la técnica para tasar el valor de una compañía proporcionando una cifra, o un rango de precios finales que valore el negocio en su totalidad. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es el estudio y la comparación de las distintas metodologías de valoración aplicándolo a un caso práctico. Con ello se pretende extraer los resultados y analizar qué método de valoración aporta resultados más ajustados al mercado. Asimismo, se examina la situación actual de los métodos, además de la literatura de referencia y el estado del arte de la metodología. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de los métodos de valoración, seguidos de un estudio del entorno y situación concreta de la empresa analizando el sector en el que opera y la situación económico-financiera actual de la compañía. En el caso que nos ocupa, se estudia el sector cervecero español y más concretamente, las seis mayores productoras de cervezas del país. Una vez realizado el análsis se procede a la aplicación de las distintas metodolgías a la empresa líder en fabricación de cerveza en España: el Grupo Mahou-San Miguel. Con ello, se pretende aplicar los métodos valorativos a una empresa familiar líder en su sector y ampliamente consolidada en España, con una trayectoria de más de 120 años de historia. Tras el análisis se mostrarán los diferentes valores que aporta cada método proporcionando un rango de valoración y se elaborarán las conclusiones asociadas a cada método. Finalmente, el resultado obtenido conformará el punto de partida para el comienzo de la negociación entre las partes interesadas para una hipotética operación accionarial en el Grupo., Business Valuation is a technic to value the company worth in its entirety, to bring a final monetary number to value the whole business. In the present study is carried out a comparission between the different value methodologies. This requires a previous analysis of the business valuations methods followed by an environmental study and the specific company situation. Furthermore, is being examinated the current situation of the business models as well as the bibliography and the state of art of the methodologies. In fact, it is analysed the business sector of the company and the current economic-financial situation of the associaction. In the present case, is studied the Spanish Beer Sector, and particulary the six biggest beer manufactures of the country. Once the analysis has been done the aim is to implement the different business valuation methods onto the Spanish leader beer brand: The Mahou San Miguel Group. Thus, is claimed to apply the business valuation methods to a family business sector leader widely consolidated in Spain, with a history of more than 120 years. After the analysis, it is showed the different values range that provides each business methods and the conclusion associated to each method. Finally, the result will be the staritng point for the beginning of the bargaining for an hipotetical stock purchase or sell of the Group.

Background and objectives: Chemotherapy does not only affect cancer cells; it also affects, to a greater or lesser degree, all other cells in the body. This toxicity should be assessed according to its severity, frequency, and duration, taking into account objective and subjective dimensions in its assessment. This assessment is a highly relevant aspect when providing care to chemotherapy patients, mainly due to the impact of the treatment on the patient's quality of life, as well as the vital risk it may imply under certain circumstances. For all this, the objective of this study was to assess the relationship between chemotherapy-associated adverse reactions and health-related quality of life in breast cancer patients. Materials and methods: With this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional study was developed on 110 breast cancer patients who were treated with docetaxel, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide. Results: It is worth highlighting the negative effect of nausea, dysgeusia, peripheral neuropathy, loss of appetite, myalgia, and peripheral edema on the quality of life. Likewise, it is worth mentioning peripheral neuropathy as the toxicity that affects a greater number of quality-of-life indicators. Conclusions: To sum up, it would be necessary to make health professionals aware of the importance of chemotherapy-associated adverse reactions.

This study compares a sample of 223 adopted adolescents with a nonadopted reference group representative of the Spanish adolescent population from the “Spanish Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study.” Variables related to the family context, peers, school context, and emotional well-being are compared. Adoptees are not only analyzed as a group, but also according to the type of adoption (domestic or intercountry) and the birth area of origin (Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe). The results showed more similarities than differences between the whole group of adoptees and the reference group, as well as heterogeneity within the adoptees depending on their origin.

Despite the large body of evidence on bullying, little attention has been paid to adoptees, who represent a population more vulnerable to experiencing problems in peer relationships and school adjustment. This study presents the results from the Spanish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study. We studied bullying among 251 adopted and 753 non-adopted adolescents aged between 11 and 15 years and its relationship with their well-being. We analyzed different roles (bully, victim, and bully-victim) and types of bullying (physical, verbal, relational, and cyberbullying). In addition, we explored possible differences concerning the type of adoption (domestic or intercountry). The results show that domestic adoptees usually experience more bullying, whereas intercountry adoptees showed no differences compared with non-adoptees. On the other hand, the relationship between bullying and well-being is virtually identical for both types of adoptees and non-adoptees. Thus, adoption alone does not seem to be a risk factor for bullying. It is the particular circumstances surrounding each type of adoption what can put adolescents at a greater risk. Teachers should consider paying special attention to instances of bullying involving domestic adoptees in order to improve their peer relationships.

This research analyzes a group of Spanish adolescents at high risk of adversity –conceptualized as living in households with no employed parent– in one of the countries where unemployment rates have risen significantly due to the recent economic recession. The objective was to identify sociodemographic and contextual factors that promote resilience in this context. Using the Extreme Group Approach and the theoretical framework of resilience, two groups of adolescents living in households with no employed parent were selected from the HBSC-2014 edition in Spain depending on their adaptive response to the risk, measured by a global health score. Therefore, from a total sample of 1336 adolescents at high risk (living in households with no employed parent), 290 resilient adolescents (those who presented the highest scores in their global health score) and 618 maladaptive adolescents (those presenting lower scores in their global health score) were selected, resulting in a final sample composed of 908 adolescents aged 11–18 years old (M = 15.2; DT = 2.18), with a balanced representation of boys and girls. Results showed that support from, and satisfaction with, family and friend relationships, as well as support from classmates and teachers, and satisfaction with the school environment, are protective factors that can foster resilience when facing adversity provoked by parental unemployment and its negative consequences for adolescent health. Intervention programs aimed at reducing the negative impact of parental unemployment on adolescent health should consider these contextual factors, as well as individual factors such as age or sex.

Purpose: The two goals of this article are the analysis of the duration of adoptive placements ending in breakdown and the role of age at placement in the breakdown experience. Method: All known cases of adoption breakdown during a whole decade in Andalusia, a Spanish region, were studied. Preadoption and formalized adoptions, domestic and intercountry adoptions were included. Data were analyzed using survival analysis, Cox regression, x2 , and rate ratio analyses. Results: The duration of adoptive placements ending in breakdown, significantly shorter in intercountry adoptions, is associated with a configuration of characteristics in the child, the adoptive parents and adoptive family life, and professional intervention. Among child-related factors, age at placement is of special relevance for the breakdown experience. Conclusions: Placements involving older children last less and break down more frequently, but are not condemned to failure. They need to be better supported with protective factors compensating the risks.

The use of composite indices and subjective measures to evaluate socioeconomic position, taking into account the effect of inequalities on adolescent health-related behaviors, can contribute to understanding the effect of inequalities on health during adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect contribution of objective and subjective socioeconomic factors in a broad range of health and lifestyles outcomes. The data come from a representative sample of adolescents (N = 15,340; M age = 13.69) of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study in Spain. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. A global index for evaluating objective socioeconomic position predicted both health and healthy lifestyles. Subjective socioeconomic status mediated the relationship between objective socioeconomic position and health but did not have a significant effect on healthy lifestyles when objective indicators were considered. Lastly, fit indices of the multiple-mediator model—including the direct effect of objective socioeconomic position on health and its indirect effects through the subjective perception of wealth and lifestyles—explained 28.7% of global health variance. Interventions aimed at reducing the impact of health inequalities should address, in addition to material deprivation, the psychological and behavioral consequences of feeling poor.