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1. The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

Collaboration, DESI, Adame, AG, Aguilar, J, Ahlen, S, Alam, S, Aldering, G, Alexander, DM, Alfarsy, R, Prieto, C Allende, Alvarez, M, Alves, O, Anand, A, Andrade-Oliveira, F, Armengaud, E, Asorey, J, Avila, S, Aviles, A, Bailey, S, Balaguera-Antolínez, A, Ballester, O, Baltay, C, Bault, A, Bautista, J, Behera, J, Beltran, SF, BenZvi, S, Silva, L Beraldo E, Bermejo-Climent, JR, Berti, A, Besuner, R, Beutler, F, Bianchi, D, Blake, C, Blum, R, Bolton, AS, Brieden, S, Brodzeller, A, Brooks, D, Brown, Z, Buckley-Geer, E, Burtin, E, Cabayol-Garcia, L, Cai, Z, Canning, R, Cardiel-Sas, L, Rosell, A Carnero, Castander, FJ, Cervantes-Cota, JL, Chabanier, S, Chaussidon, E, Chaves-Montero, J, Chen, S, Chen, X, Chuang, C, Claybaugh, T, Cole, S, Cooper, AP, Cuceu, A, Davis, TM, Dawson, K, de Belsunce, R, de la Cruz, R, de la Macorra, A, Della Costa, J, de Mattia, A, Demina, R, Demirbozan, U, DeRose, J, Dey, A, Dey, B, Dhungana, G, Ding, J, Ding, Z, Doel, P, Doshi, R, Douglass, K, Edge, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Eisenstein, DJ, Elliott, A, Ereza, J, Escoffier, S, Fagrelius, P, Fan, X, Fanning, K, Fawcett, VA, Ferraro, S, Flaugher, B, Font-Ribera, A, Forero-Romero, JE, Forero-Sánchez, D, Frenk, CS, Gänsicke, BT, García, LÁ, García-Bellido, J, Garcia-Quintero, C, Garrison, LH, Gil-Marín, H, Golden-Marx, J, and Gontcho, S Gontcho A

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) completed its 5 month Survey Validation in 2021 May. Spectra of stellar and extragalactic targets from Survey Validation constitute the first major data sample from the DESI survey. This paper describes the public release of those spectra, the catalogs of derived properties, and the intermediate data products. In total, the public release includes good-quality spectral information from 466,447 objects targeted as part of the Milky Way Survey, 428,758 as part of the Bright Galaxy Survey, 227,318 as part of the Luminous Red Galaxy sample, 437,664 as part of the Emission Line Galaxy sample, and 76,079 as part of the Quasar sample. In addition, the release includes spectral information from 137,148 objects that expand the scope beyond the primary samples as part of a series of secondary programs. Here, we describe the spectral data, data quality, data products, Large-Scale Structure science catalogs, access to the data, and references that provide relevant background to using these spectra.

Published
2024

2. DESI 2024 IV: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman Alpha Forest

Author

DESI Collaboration, Adame, A. G., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, S., Alexander, D. M., Alvarez, M., Alves, O., Anand, A., Andrade, U., Armengaud, E., Avila, S., Aviles, A., Awan, H., Bailey, S., Baltay, C., Bault, A., Bautista, J., Behera, J., BenZvi, S., Beutler, F., Bianchi, D., Blake, C., Blum, R., Brieden, S., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burtin, E., Calderon, R., Canning, R., Rosell, A. Carnero, Cereskaite, R., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Chen, S., Chen, X., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., Cuceu, A., Davis, T. M., Dawson, K., de la Cruz, R., de la Macorra, A., de Mattia, A., Deiosso, N., Dey, A., Dey, B., Ding, J., Ding, Z., Doel, P., Edelstein, J., Eftekharzadeh, S., Eisenstein, D. J., Elliott, A., Fagrelius, P., Fanning, K., Ferraro, S., Ereza, J., Findlay, N., Flaugher, B., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Sánchez, D., Forero-Romero, J. E., Garcia-Quintero, C., Gaztañaga, E., Gil-Marín, H., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gordon, C., Green, D., Gruen, D., Gsponer, R., Gutierrez, G., Guy, J., Hadzhiyska, B., Hahn, C., Hanif, M. M. S, Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Juneau, S., Karaçayli, N. G., Kehoe, R., Kent, S., Kirkby, D., Kremin, A., Krolewski, A., Lai, Y., Lan, T. -W., Landriau, M., Lang, D., Lasker, J., Goff, J. M. Le, Guillou, L. Le, Leauthaud, A., Levi, M. E., Li, T. S., Linder, E., Lodha, K., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Margala, D., Martini, P., Maus, M., McDonald, P., Medina-Varela, L., Meisner, A., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Moon, J., Moore, S., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Myers, A. D., Nadathur, S., Napolitano, L., Neveux, R., Newman, J. A., Nguyen, N. M., Nie, J., Niz, G., Noriega, H. E., Padmanabhan, N., Paillas, E., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Pan, J., Penmetsa, S., Percival, W. J., Pieri, M. M., Pinon, M., Poppett, C., Porredon, A., Prada, F., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Rabinowitz, D., Raichoor, A., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ramirez-Solano, S., Rashkovetskyi, M., Ravoux, C., Rezaie, M., Rich, J., Rocher, A., Rockosi, C., Roe, N. A., Rosado-Marin, A., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruggeri, R., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Saulder, C., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Sharples, R., Silber, J., Sinigaglia, F., Slosar, A., Smith, A., Sprayberry, D., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Trusov, S., Vaisakh, R., Valcin, D., Valdes, F., Vargas-Magaña, M., Verde, L., Walther, M., Wang, B., Wang, M. S., Weaver, B. A., Weaverdyck, N., Wechsler, R. H., Weinberg, D. H., White, M., Yu, J., Yu, Y., Yuan, S., Yèche, C., Zaborowski, E. A., Zarrouk, P., Zhang, H., Zhao, C., Zhao, R., Zhou, R., and Zou, H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the measurement of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) from the Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) forest of high-redshift quasars with the first-year dataset of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Our analysis uses over $420\,000$ Ly$\alpha$ forest spectra and their correlation with the spatial distribution of more than $700\,000$ quasars. An essential facet of this work is the development of a new analysis methodology on a blinded dataset. We conducted rigorous tests using synthetic data to ensure the reliability of our methodology and findings before unblinding. Additionally, we conducted multiple data splits to assess the consistency of the results and scrutinized various analysis approaches to confirm their robustness. For a given value of the sound horizon ($r_d$), we measure the expansion at $z_{\rm eff}=2.33$ with 2\% precision, $H(z_{\rm eff}) = (239.2 \pm 4.8) (147.09~{\rm Mpc} /r_d)$ km/s/Mpc. Similarly, we present a 2.4\% measurement of the transverse comoving distance to the same redshift, $D_M(z_{\rm eff}) = (5.84 \pm 0.14) (r_d/147.09~{\rm Mpc})$ Gpc. Together with other DESI BAO measurements at lower redshifts, these results are used in a companion paper to constrain cosmological parameters., Comment: This DESI Collaboration Key Publication is part of the 2024 publication series using the first year of observations (see https://data.desi.lbl.gov/doc/papers). Minor changes in v4, version accepted for publication in JCAP

Published
2024

3. Characterization of contaminants in the Lyman-alpha forest auto-correlation with DESI

Author

Guy, J., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Armengaud, E., Brodzeller, A., Cuceu, A., Font-Ribera, A., Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Karaçaylı, N. G., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Pieri, M., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ravoux, C., Rich, J., Walther, M., Karim, M. Abdul, Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Bault, A., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., de la Cruz, R., de la Macorra, A., Doel, P., Fanning, K., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gaztañaga, E., Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gutierrez, G., Hahn, C., Honscheid, K., Juneau, S., Kehoe, R., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Kremin, A., Lambert, A., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Manera, M., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Montero-Camacho, P., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Myers, A. D., Nie, J., Niz, G., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Percival, W. J., Poppett, C., Rezaie, M., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Silber, J., Sprayberry, D., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Vargas-Magaña, M., and Zou, H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Baryon Acoustic Oscillations can be measured with sub-percent precision above redshift two with the Lyman-alpha forest auto-correlation and its cross-correlation with quasar positions. This is one of the key goals of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) which started its main survey in May 2021. We present in this paper a study of the contaminants to the lyman-alpha forest which are mainly caused by correlated signals introduced by the spectroscopic data processing pipeline as well as astrophysical contaminants due to foreground absorption in the intergalactic medium. Notably, an excess signal caused by the sky background subtraction noise is present in the lyman-alpha auto-correlation in the first line-of-sight separation bin. We use synthetic data to isolate this contribution, we also characterize the effect of spectro-photometric calibration noise, and propose a simple model to account for both effects in the analysis of the lyman-alpha forest. We then measure the auto-correlation of the quasar flux transmission fraction of low redshift quasars, where there is no lyman-alpha forest absorption but only its contaminants. We demonstrate that we can interpret the data with a two-component model: data processing noise and triply ionized Silicon and Carbon auto-correlations. This result can be used to improve the modeling of the lyman-alpha auto-correlation function measured with DESI., Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures

Published
2024

4. Impact of Systematic Redshift Errors on the Cross-correlation of the Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest with Quasars at Small Scales Using DESI Early Data

Author

Bault, Abby, Kirkby, David, Guy, Julien, Brodzeller, Allyson, Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Bailey, S., Brooks, D., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Chaves-Montero, J., Claybaugh, T., Cuceu, A., Dawson, K., de la Cruz, R., de la Macorra, A., Dey, A., Doel, P., Filbert, S., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gaztañaga, E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gordon, C., Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Iršič, V., Karaçaylı, N. G., Kehoe, R., Kisner, T., Kremin, A., Lambert, A., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Levi, M. E., Manera, M., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Montero-Camacho, P., Moustakas, J., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Nie, J., Niz, G., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Percival, W. J., Poppett, C., Prada, F., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ravoux, C., Rezaie, M., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Silber, J., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Walther, M., Weaver, B. A., and Zhou, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will measure millions of quasar spectra by the end of its 5 year survey. Quasar redshift errors impact the shape of the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest correlation functions, which can affect cosmological analyses and therefore cosmological interpretations. Using data from the DESI Early Data Release and the first two months of the main survey, we measure the systematic redshift error from an offset in the cross-correlation of the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest with quasars. We find evidence for a redshift dependent bias causing redshifts to be underestimated with increasing redshift, stemming from improper modeling of the Lyman-$\alpha$ optical depth in the templates used for redshift estimation. New templates were derived for the DESI Year 1 quasar sample at $z > 1.6$ and we found the redshift dependent bias, $\Delta r_\parallel$, increased from $-1.94 \pm 0.15$ $h^{-1}$ Mpc to $-0.08 \pm 0.04$ $h^{-1}$ Mpc ($-205 \pm 15~\text{km s}^{-1}$ to $-9.0 \pm 4.0~\text{km s}^{-1}$). These new templates will be used to provide redshifts for the DESI Year 1 quasar sample., Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables

Published
2024

5. Synthetic spectra for Lyman-$\alpha$ forest analysis in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Andrea, Tan, Ting, González-Morales, Alma X., Font-Ribera, Andreu, Guy, Julien, Moustakas, John, Kirkby, David, Armengaud, E., Bault, A., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Chaves-Montero, J., Cuceu, A., de la Cruz, R., García, L. Á., Gordon, C., Iršič, V., Karaçaylı, N. G., Goff, J. M. Le, Montero-Camacho, P., Niz, G., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ravoux, C., Walther, M., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., Dawson, K., de la Macorra, A., Doel, P., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gaztañaga, E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Honscheid, K., Kehoe, R., Kisner, T., Landriau, M., Levi, Michael E., Manera, M., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Nie, J., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Poppett, C., Rezaie, M., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Seo, H., Tarlé, G., Weaver, B. A., and Zhou, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Synthetic data sets are used in cosmology to test analysis procedures, to verify that systematic errors are well understood and to demonstrate that measurements are unbiased. In this work we describe the methods used to generate synthetic datasets of Lyman-$\alpha$ quasar spectra aimed for studies with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). In particular, we focus on demonstrating that our simulations reproduces important features of real samples, making them suitable to test the analysis methods to be used in DESI and to place limits on systematic effects on measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). We present a set of mocks that reproduce the statistical properties of the DESI early data set with good agreement. Additionally, we use full survey synthetic data to forecast the BAO scale constraining power with DESI., Comment: 42 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables, JCAP accepted version

Published
2023

6. Optimal 1D Ly α forest power spectrum estimation – III. DESI early data

Author

Karaçaylı, Naim Göksel, Martini, Paul, Guy, Julien, Ravoux, Corentin, Karim, Marie Lynn Abdul, Armengaud, Eric, Walther, Michael, Aguilar, J, Ahlen, S, Bailey, S, Bautista, J, Beltran, SF, Brooks, D, Cabayol-Garcia, L, Chabanier, S, Chaussidon, E, Chaves-Montero, J, Dawson, K, de la Cruz, R, de la Macorra, A, Doel, P, Font-Ribera, A, Forero-Romero, JE, Gontcho, S Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, AX, Gordon, C, Herrera-Alcantar, HK, Honscheid, K, Iršič, V, Ishak, M, Kehoe, R, Kisner, T, Kremin, A, Landriau, M, Le Guillou, L, Levi, ME, Lukić, Z, Meisner, A, Miquel, R, Moustakas, J, Mueller, E, Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A, Napolitano, L, Nie, J, Niz, G, Palanque-Delabrouille, N, Percival, WJ, Pieri, M, Poppett, C, Prada, F, Pérez-Ràfols, I, Ramírez-Pérez, C, Rossi, G, Sanchez, E, Seo, H, Sinigaglia, F, Tan, T, Tarlé, G, Wang, B, Weaver, BA, Yéche, C, and Zhou, Z

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, methods: data analysis, intergalactic medium, quasars: absorption lines, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

The 1D power spectrum P1D of the Ly α forest provides important information about cosmological and astrophysical parameters, including constraints on warm dark matter models, the sum of the masses of the three neutrino species, and the thermal state of the intergalactic medium. We present the first measurement of P1D with the quadratic maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey early data sample. This early sample of 54 600 quasars is already comparable in size to the largest previous studies, and we conduct a thorough investigation of numerous instrumental and analysis systematic errors to evaluate their impact on DESI data with QMLE. We demonstrate the excellent performance of the spectroscopic pipeline noise estimation and the impressive accuracy of the spectrograph resolution matrix with 2D image simulations of raw DESI images that we processed with the DESI spectroscopic pipeline. We also study metal line contamination and noise calibration systematics with quasar spectra on the red side of the Ly α emission line. In a companion paper, we present a similar analysis based on the Fast Fourier Transform estimate of the power spectrum. We conclude with a comparison of these two approaches and discuss the key sources of systematic error that we need to address with the upcoming DESI Year 1 analysis.

Published
2024

7. Validation of the Scientific Program for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

Collaboration, DESI, Adame, AG, Aguilar, J, Ahlen, S, Alam, S, Aldering, G, Alexander, DM, Alfarsy, R, Prieto, C Allende, Alvarez, M, Alves, O, Anand, A, Andrade-Oliveira, F, Armengaud, E, Asorey, J, Avila, S, Aviles, A, Bailey, S, Balaguera-Antolínez, A, Ballester, O, Baltay, C, Bault, A, Bautista, J, Behera, J, Beltran, SF, BenZvi, S, Silva, L Beraldo E, Bermejo-Climent, JR, Berti, A, Besuner, R, Beutler, F, Bianchi, D, Blake, C, Blum, R, Bolton, AS, Brieden, S, Brodzeller, A, Brooks, D, Brown, Z, Buckley-Geer, E, Burtin, E, Cabayol-Garcia, L, Cai, Z, Canning, R, Cardiel-Sas, L, Rosell, A Carnero, Castander, FJ, Cervantes-Cota, JL, Chabanier, S, Chaussidon, E, Chaves-Montero, J, Chen, S, Chen, X, Chuang, C, Claybaugh, T, Cole, S, Cooper, AP, Cuceu, A, Davis, TM, Dawson, K, de Belsunce, R, de la Cruz, R, de la Macorra, A, de Mattia, A, Demina, R, Demirbozan, U, DeRose, J, Dey, A, Dey, B, Dhungana, G, Ding, J, Ding, Z, Doel, P, Doshi, R, Douglass, K, Edge, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Eisenstein, DJ, Elliott, A, Escoffier, S, Fagrelius, P, Fan, X, Fanning, K, Fawcett, VA, Ferraro, S, Ereza, J, Flaugher, B, Font-Ribera, A, Forero-Sánchez, D, Forero-Romero, JE, Frenk, CS, Gänsicke, BT, García, LÁ, García-Bellido, J, Garcia-Quintero, C, Garrison, LH, Gil-Marín, H, Golden-Marx, J, Gontcho, S Gontcho A, and Gonzalez-Morales, AX

Subjects
Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) was designed to conduct a survey covering 14,000 deg2 over 5 yr to constrain the cosmic expansion history through precise measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). The scientific program for DESI was evaluated during a 5 month survey validation (SV) campaign before beginning full operations. This program produced deep spectra of tens of thousands of objects from each of the stellar Milky Way Survey (MWS), Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS), luminous red galaxy (LRG), emission line galaxy (ELG), and quasar target classes. These SV spectra were used to optimize redshift distributions, characterize exposure times, determine calibration procedures, and assess observational overheads for the 5 yr program. In this paper, we present the final target selection algorithms, redshift distributions, and projected cosmology constraints resulting from those studies. We also present a One-Percent Survey conducted at the conclusion of SV covering 140 deg2 using the final target selection algorithms with exposures of a depth typical of the main survey. The SV indicates that DESI will be able to complete the full 14,000 deg2 program with spectroscopically confirmed targets from the MWS, BGS, LRG, ELG, and quasar programs with total sample sizes of 7.2, 13.8, 7.46, 15.7, and 2.87 million, respectively. These samples will allow exploration of the Milky Way halo, clustering on all scales, and BAO measurements with a statistical precision of 0.28% over the redshift interval z < 1.1, 0.39% over the redshift interval 1.1 < z < 1.9, and 0.46% over the redshift interval 1.9 < z < 3.5.

Published
2024

8. 3D Correlations in the Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest from Early DESI Data

Author

Gordon, Calum, Cuceu, Andrei, Chaves-Montero, Jonás, Font-Ribera, Andreu, González-Morales, Alma Xochitl, Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Armengaud, E., Bailey, S., Bault, A., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., de la Cruz, R., Dawson, K., Doel, P., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Guy, J., Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Iršič, V., Karaçaylı, N. G., Kirkby, D., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Levi, M. E., de la Macorra, A., Manera, M., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Montero-Camacho, P., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Napolitano, L., Nie, J., Niz, G., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Percival, W. J., Pieri, M., Poppett, C., Prada, F., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ravoux, C., Rezaie, M., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Sinigaglia, F., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Walther, M., Weaver, B. A., Yèche, C., Zhou, Z., and Zou, H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the first measurements of Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) forest correlations using early data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). We measure the auto-correlation of Ly$\alpha$ absorption using 88,509 quasars at $z>2$, and its cross-correlation with quasars using a further 147,899 tracer quasars at $z\gtrsim1.77$. Then, we fit these correlations using a 13-parameter model based on linear perturbation theory and find that it provides a good description of the data across a broad range of scales. We detect the BAO peak with a signal-to-noise ratio of $3.8\sigma$, and show that our measurements of the auto- and cross-correlations are fully-consistent with previous measurements by the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). Even though we only use here a small fraction of the final DESI dataset, our uncertainties are only a factor of 1.7 larger than those from the final eBOSS measurement. We validate the existing analysis methods of Ly$\alpha$ correlations in preparation for making a robust measurement of the BAO scale with the first year of DESI data.

Published
2023

10. Optimal 1D Ly$\alpha$ Forest Power Spectrum Estimation -- III. DESI early data

Author

Karaçaylı, Naim Göksel, Martini, Paul, Guy, Julien, Ravoux, Corentin, Karim, Marie Lynn Abdul, Armengaud, Eric, Walther, Michael, Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Bailey, S., Bautista, J., Beltran, S. F., Brooks, D., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Dawson, K., de la Cruz, R., de la Macorra, A., Doel, P., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gordon, C., Herrera-Alcantar, H. K, Honscheid, K., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Kehoe, R., Kisner, T., Kremin, A., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Levi, M. E., Lukić, Z., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Napolitano, L., Nie, J., Niz, G., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Percival, W. J., Pieri, M., Poppett, C., Prada, F., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Seo, H., Sinigaglia, F., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Wang, B., Weaver, B. A., Yèche, C., and Zhou, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The one-dimensional power spectrum $P_{\mathrm{1D}}$ of the Ly$\alpha$ forest provides important information about cosmological and astrophysical parameters, including constraints on warm dark matter models, the sum of the masses of the three neutrino species, and the thermal state of the intergalactic medium. We present the first measurement of $P_{\mathrm{1D}}$ with the quadratic maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey early data sample. This early sample of $54~600$ quasars is already comparable in size to the largest previous studies, and we conduct a thorough investigation of numerous instrumental and analysis systematic errors to evaluate their impact on DESI data with QMLE. We demonstrate the excellent performance of the spectroscopic pipeline noise estimation and the impressive accuracy of the spectrograph resolution matrix with two-dimensional image simulations of raw DESI images that we processed with the DESI spectroscopic pipeline. We also study metal line contamination and noise calibration systematics with quasar spectra on the red side of the Ly$\alpha$ emission line. In a companion paper, we present a similar analysis based on the Fast Fourier Transform estimate of the power spectrum. We conclude with a comparison of these two approaches and implications for the upcoming DESI Year 1 analysis., Comment: 23 pages, 20 figures. To be published in MNRAS

Published
2023

11. The Lyman-$\alpha$ forest catalog from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Early Data Release

Author

Ramírez-Pérez, César, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Karim, M. Abdul, Armengaud, E., Bautista, J., Beltran, S. F., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cai, Z., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Cuceu, A., de la Cruz, R., García-Bellido, J., Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gordon, C., Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Karaçaylı, N. G., Lukić, Zarija, Manser, C. J., Montero-Camacho, P., Napolitano, L., Niz, G., Pieri, M., Ravoux, C., Sinigaglia, F., Tan, T., Walther, M., Wang, B., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Bailey, S., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., Dawson, K., de la Macorra, A., Dhungana, G., Doel, P., Fanning, K., Forero-Romero, J. E., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Guy, J., Honscheid, K., Kehoe, R., Kisner, T., Landriau, M., Guillou, L. Le, Levi, M. E., Magneville, C., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Miquel, R., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Nie, J., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Percival, W. J., Rossi, G., Sanchez, E., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Seo, H., Tarlé, G., Weaver, B. A., Yèche, C., and Zhou, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present and validate the catalog of Lyman-$\alpha$ forest fluctuations for 3D analyses using the Early Data Release (EDR) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. We used 88,511 quasars collected from DESI Survey Validation (SV) data and the first two months of the main survey (M2). We present several improvements to the method used to extract the Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption fluctuations performed in previous analyses from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In particular, we modify the weighting scheme and show that it can improve the precision of the correlation function measurement by more than 20%. This catalog can be downloaded from https://data.desi.lbl.gov/public/edr/vac/edr/lya/fuji/v0.3 and it will be used in the near future for the first DESI measurements of the 3D correlations in the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest.

Published
2023

12. The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, Adame, A. G., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, S., Aldering, G., Alexander, D. M., Alfarsy, R., Prieto, C. Allende, Alvarez, M., Alves, O., Anand, A., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Armengaud, E., Asorey, J., Avila, S., Aviles, A., Bailey, S., Balaguera-Antolínez, A., Ballester, O., Baltay, C., Bault, A., Bautista, J., Behera, J., Beltran, S. F., BenZvi, S., Silva, L. Beraldo e, Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Berti, A., Besuner, R., Beutler, F., Bianchi, D., Blake, C., Blum, R., Bolton, A. S., Brieden, S., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Brown, Z., Buckley-Geer, E., Burtin, E., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cai, Z., Canning, R., Cardiel-Sas, L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Castander, F. J., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Chen, S., Chen, X., Chuang, C., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., Cooper, A. P., Cuceu, A., Davis, T. M., Dawson, K., de Belsunce, R., de la Cruz, R., de la Macorra, A., Della Costa, J., de Mattia, A., Demina, R., Demirbozan, U., DeRose, J., Dey, A., Dey, B., Dhungana, G., Ding, J., Ding, Z., Doel, P., Doshi, R., Douglass, K., Edge, A., Eftekharzadeh, S., Eisenstein, D. J., Elliott, A., Escoffier, S., Fagrelius, P., Fan, X., Fanning, K., Fawcett, V. A., Ferraro, S., Ereza, J., Flaugher, B., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Sánchez, D., Forero-Romero, J. E., Frenk, C. S., Gänsicke, B. T., García, L. Á., García-Bellido, J., Garcia-Quintero, C., Garrison, L. H., Gil-Marín, H., Golden-Marx, J., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gordon, C., Graur, O., Green, D., Gruen, D., Guy, J., Hadzhiyska, B., Hahn, C., Han, J. J., Hanif, M. M. S, Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Hou, J., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Jacques, A., Jana, A., Jiang, L., Jimenez, J., Jing, Y. P., Joudaki, S., Jullo, E., Juneau, S., Kizhuprakkat, N., Karaçaylı, N. G., Karim, T., Kehoe, R., Kent, S., Khederlarian, A., Kim, S., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Kitaura, F., Kneib, J., Koposov, S. E., Kovács, A., Kremin, A., Krolewski, A., L'Huillier, B., Lahav, O., Lambert, A., Lamman, C., Lan, T. -W., Landriau, M., Lang, D., Lange, J. U., Lasker, J., Leauthaud, A., Guillou, L. Le, Levi, M. E., Li, T. S., Linder, E., Lyons, A., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Manser, C. J., Margala, D., Martini, P., McDonald, P., Medina, G. E., Medina-Varela, L., Meisner, A., Mena-Fernández, J., Meneses-Rizo, J., Mezcua, M., Miquel, R., Montero-Camacho, P., Moon, J., Moore, S., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Mundet, J., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Myers, A. D., Nadathur, S., Napolitano, L., Neveux, R., Newman, J. A., Nie, J., Nikutta, R., Niz, G., Norberg, P., Noriega, H. E., Paillas, E., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Palmese, A., Zhiwei, P., Parkinson, D., Penmetsa, S., Percival, W. J., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Pieri, M., Poppett, C., Porredon, A., Pothier, S., Prada, F., Pucha, R., Raichoor, A., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ramirez-Solano, S., Rashkovetskyi, M., Ravoux, C., Rocher, A., Rockosi, C., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruggeri, R., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Sabiu, C. G., Said, K., Saintonge, A., Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Saulder, C., Schaan, E., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Scholte, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Shafieloo, A., Sharples, R., Sheu, W., Silber, J., Sinigaglia, F., Siudek, M., Slepian, Z., Smith, A., Soumagnac, M. T., Sprayberry, D., Stephey, L., Suárez-Pérez, J., Sun, Z., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Tojeiro, R., Ureña-López, L. A., Vaisakh, R., Valcin, D., Valdes, F., Valluri, M., Vargas-Magaña, M., Variu, A., Verde, L., Walther, M., Wang, B., Wang, M. S., Weaver, B. A., Weaverdyck, N., Wechsler, R. H., White, M., Xie, Y., Yang, J., Yèche, C., Yu, J., Yuan, S., Zhang, H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, C., Zheng, Z., Zhou, R., Zhou, Z., Zou, H., Zou, S., and Zu, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) completed its five-month Survey Validation in May 2021. Spectra of stellar and extragalactic targets from Survey Validation constitute the first major data sample from the DESI survey. This paper describes the public release of those spectra, the catalogs of derived properties, and the intermediate data products. In total, the public release includes good-quality spectral information from 466,447 objects targeted as part of the Milky Way Survey, 428,758 as part of the Bright Galaxy Survey, 227,318 as part of the Luminous Red Galaxy sample, 437,664 as part of the Emission Line Galaxy sample, and 76,079 as part of the Quasar sample. In addition, the release includes spectral information from 137,148 objects that expand the scope beyond the primary samples as part of a series of secondary programs. Here, we describe the spectral data, data quality, data products, Large-Scale Structure science catalogs, access to the data, and references that provide relevant background to using these spectra., Comment: 43 pages, 7 figures, 17 tables, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal

Published
2023
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13. Validation of the Scientific Program for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, Adame, A. G., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Alam, S., Aldering, G., Alexander, D. M., Alfarsy, R., Prieto, C. Allende, Alvarez, M., Alves, O., Anand, A., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Armengaud, E., Asorey, J., Avila, S., Aviles, A., Bailey, S., Balaguera-Antolínez, A., Ballester, O., Baltay, C., Bault, A., Bautista, J., Behera, J., Beltran, S. F., BenZvi, S., Silva, L. Beraldo e, Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Berti, A., Besuner, R., Beutler, F., Bianchi, D., Blake, C., Blum, R., Bolton, A. S., Brieden, S., Brodzeller, A., Brooks, D., Brown, Z., Buckley-Geer, E., Burtin, E., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cai, Z., Canning, R., Cardiel-Sas, L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Castander, F. J., Cervantes-Cota, J. L., Chabanier, S., Chaussidon, E., Chaves-Montero, J., Chen, S., Chuang, C., Claybaugh, T., Cole, S., Cooper, A. P., Cuceu, A., Davis, T. M., Dawson, K., de Belsunce, R., de la Cruz, R., de la Macorra, A., de Mattia, A., Demina, R., Demirbozan, U., DeRose, J., Dey, A., Dey, B., Dhungana, G., Ding, J., Ding, Z., Doel, P., Doshi, R., Douglass, K., Edge, A., Eftekharzadeh, S., Eisenstein, D. J., Elliott, A., Escoffier, S., Fagrelius, P., Fan, X., Fanning, K., Fawcett, V. A., Ferraro, S., Ereza, J., Flaugher, B., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Sánchez, D., Forero-Romero, J. E., Frenk, C. S., Gänsicke, B. T., García, L. Á., García-Bellido, J., Garcia-Quintero, C., Garrison, L. H., Gil-Marín, H., Golden-Marx, J., Gontcho, S. Gontcho A, Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Gordon, C., Graur, O., Green, D., Gruen, D., Guy, J., Hadzhiyska, B., Hahn, C., Han, J. J., Hanif, M. M. S, Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Hou, J., Howlett, C., Huterer, D., Iršič, V., Ishak, M., Jana, A., Jiang, L., Jimenez, J., Jing, Y. P., Joudaki, S., Joyce, R., Jullo, E., Juneau, S., Kizhuprakkat, N., Karaçaylı, N. G., Karim, T., Kehoe, R., Kent, S., Khederlarian, A., Kim, S., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Kitaura, F., Kneib, J., Koposov, S. E., Kovács, A., Kremin, A., Krolewski, A., L'Huillier, B., Lahav, O., Lambert, A., Lamman, C., Lan, T. -W., Landriau, M., Lang, D., Lange, J. U., Lasker, J., Guillou, L. Le, Leauthaud, A., Levi, M. E., Li, T. S., Linder, E., Lyons, A., Magneville, C., Manera, M., Manser, C. J., Margala, D., Martini, P., McDonald, P., Medina, G. E., Medina-Varela, L., Meisner, A., Mena-Fernández, J., Meneses-Rizo, J., Mezcua, M., Miquel, R., Montero-Camacho, P., Moon, J., Moore, S., Moustakas, J., Mueller, E., Mundet, J., Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., Myers, A. D., Nadathur, S., Napolitano, L., Neveux, R., Newman, J. A., Nie, J., Niz, G., Norberg, P., Noriega, H. E., Paillas, E., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Palmese, A., Zhiwei, P., Parkinson, D., Penmetsa, S., Percival, W. J., Pérez-Fernández, A., Pérez-Ràfols, I., Pieri, M., Poppett, C., Porredon, A., Prada, F., Pucha, R., Raichoor, A., Ramírez-Pérez, C., Ramirez-Solano, S., Rashkovetskyi, M., Ravoux, C., Rocher, A., Rockosi, C., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Ruggeri, R., Ruhlmann-Kleider, V., Sabiu, C. G., Said, K., Saintonge, A., Samushia, L., Sanchez, E., Saulder, C., Schaan, E., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Scholte, D., Schubnell, M., Seo, H., Shafieloo, A., Sharples, R., Sheu, W., Silber, J., Sinigaglia, F., Siudek, M., Slepian, Z., Smith, A., Sprayberry, D., Stephey, L., Suárez-Pérez, J., Sun, Z., Tan, T., Tarlé, G., Tojeiro, R., Ureña-López, L. A., Vaisakh, R., Valcin, D., Valdes, F., Valluri, M., Vargas-Magaña, M., Variu, A., Verde, L., Walther, M., Wang, B., Wang, M. S., Weaver, B. A., Weaverdyck, N., Wechsler, R. H., White, M., Xie, Y., Yang, J., Yèche, C., Yu, J., Yuan, S., Zhang, H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, C., Zheng, Z., Zhou, R., Zhou, Z., Zou, H., Zou, S., and Zu, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) was designed to conduct a survey covering 14,000 deg$^2$ over five years to constrain the cosmic expansion history through precise measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). The scientific program for DESI was evaluated during a five month Survey Validation (SV) campaign before beginning full operations. This program produced deep spectra of tens of thousands of objects from each of the stellar (MWS), bright galaxy (BGS), luminous red galaxy (LRG), emission line galaxy (ELG), and quasar target classes. These SV spectra were used to optimize redshift distributions, characterize exposure times, determine calibration procedures, and assess observational overheads for the five-year program. In this paper, we present the final target selection algorithms, redshift distributions, and projected cosmology constraints resulting from those studies. We also present a `One-Percent survey' conducted at the conclusion of Survey Validation covering 140 deg$^2$ using the final target selection algorithms with exposures of a depth typical of the main survey. The Survey Validation indicates that DESI will be able to complete the full 14,000 deg$^2$ program with spectroscopically-confirmed targets from the MWS, BGS, LRG, ELG, and quasar programs with total sample sizes of 7.2, 13.8, 7.46, 15.7, and 2.87 million, respectively. These samples will allow exploration of the Milky Way halo, clustering on all scales, and BAO measurements with a statistical precision of 0.28% over the redshift interval $z<1.1$, 0.39% over the redshift interval $1.1

Published
2023
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15. LEGaTO: Low-Energy, Secure, and Resilient Toolset for Heterogeneous Computing

Author

Salami, B., Parasyris, K., Cristal, A., Unsal, O., Martorell, X., Carpenter, P., De La Cruz, R., Bautista, L., Jimenez, D., Alvarez, C., Nabavi, S., Madonar, S., Pericas, M., Trancoso, P., Abduljabbar, M., Chen, J., Soomro, P. N., Manivannan, M, Berge, M., Krupop, S., Klawonn, F., Mekhlafi, Al, May, S., Becker, T., Gaydadjiev, G., Odman, D., Salomonsson, H., Dubhashi, D., Port, O., Etsion, Y., Do, Le Quoc, Fetzer, Christof, Kaiser, M., Kucza, N., Hagemeyer, J., Griessl, R., Tigges, L., Mika, K., Huffmeier, A., Jungeblu, Th., Pasin, M., Schiavoni, V., Rocha, I., Gottel, C., and Felber, P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

The LEGaTO project leverages task-based programming models to provide a software ecosystem for Made in-Europe heterogeneous hardware composed of CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs and dataflow engines. The aim is to attain one order of magnitude energy savings from the edge to the converged cloud/HPC, balanced with the security and resilience challenges. LEGaTO is an ongoing three-year EU H2020 project started in December 2017., Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures

Published
2019

16. Success Boston: Coaching for Completion. 2015-16 Implementation Report

Author

Abt Associates, Inc., Boston Foundation, Success Boston College Completion Initiative, Linkow, Tamara, Didriksen, Hayley, Gamse, Beth, Bumgarner, Erin, Velez, Melissa, Dastrup, Samuel, Ballinger, Sarah, Burke, Samantha, Meneses, Michael, and de la Cruz, R. J.

Abstract

This report represents the first of three that will be released over the course of the study. It answers two primary questions: (1) How has Boston Coaching for Completion (BosC4C) been implemented? and (2) What was the cost to implement the program? Over the 2015-16 academic year, the study collected data, including by conducting intensive interviews with staff from the nonprofit organizations and from 10 partner colleges; administering an online survey to participating students; conducting focus groups with non-participating students; and analyzing information from the program's records of coaches' interactions with students. This report is designed to help develop a common standard of practice by describing the nonprofit coaching organizations' and colleges' activities, students' experiences, commonalities and differences across the organizations, and costs of implementing the BosC4C program. It also outlines the elements of transition coaching that appear to be consistent across the nine nonprofit organizations--as well as idiosyncratic to individual organizations--and describes challenges faced by organizations and their staff and by students. Based on what we learned, several themes have emerged.

Published
2017

20. Stability of three-dimensional relativistic jets: implications for jet collimation

Author

Perucho, M., Marti, J. M., Cela, J. M., Hanasz, M., de la Cruz, R., and Rubio, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The stable propagation of jets in FRII sources is remarkable if one takes into account that large-scale jets are subjected to potentially highly disruptive three-dimensional (3D) Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. Numerical simulations can address this problem and help clarify the causes of this remarkable stability. Following previous studies of the stability of relativistic flows in two dimensions (2D), it is our aim to test and extend the conclusions of such works to three dimensions. We present numerical simulations for the study of the stability properties of 3D, sheared, relativistic flows. This work uses a fully parallelized code Ratpenat that solves equations of relativistic hydrodynamics in 3D. The results of the present simulations confirm those in 2D. We conclude that the growth of resonant modes in sheared relativistic flows could be important in explaining the long-term collimation of extragalactic jets., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2010
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23. The Lyman-α forest catalogue from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Early Data Release

Author

Ramírez-Pérez, César, primary, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, additional, Font-Ribera, Andreu, additional, Karim, M Abdul, additional, Armengaud, E, additional, Bautista, J, additional, Beltran, S F, additional, Cabayol-Garcia, L, additional, Cai, Z, additional, Chabanier, S, additional, Chaussidon, E, additional, Chaves-Montero, J, additional, Cuceu, A, additional, de la Cruz, R, additional, García-Bellido, J, additional, Gonzalez-Morales, A X, additional, Gordon, C, additional, Herrera-Alcantar, H K, additional, Iršič, V, additional, Ishak, M, additional, Karaçaylı, N G, additional, Lukić, Zarija, additional, Manser, C J, additional, Montero-Camacho, P, additional, Napolitano, L, additional, Niz, G, additional, Pieri, M M, additional, Ravoux, C, additional, Sinigaglia, F, additional, Tan, T, additional, Walther, M, additional, Wang, B, additional, Aguilar, J, additional, Ahlen, S, additional, Bailey, S, additional, Brooks, D, additional, Claybaugh, T, additional, Dawson, K, additional, de la Macorra, A, additional, Dhungana, G, additional, Doel, P, additional, Fanning, K, additional, Forero-Romero, J E, additional, Gontcho, S Gontcho A, additional, Guy, J, additional, Honscheid, K, additional, Kehoe, R, additional, Kisner, T, additional, Landriau, M, additional, Le Guillou, L, additional, Levi, M E, additional, Magneville, C, additional, Martini, P, additional, Meisner, A, additional, Miquel, R, additional, Moustakas, J, additional, Mueller, E, additional, Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A, additional, Nie, J, additional, Palanque-Delabrouille, N, additional, Percival, W J, additional, Rossi, G, additional, Sanchez, E, additional, Schlafly, E F, additional, Schlegel, D, additional, Seo, H, additional, Tarlé, G, additional, Weaver, B A, additional, Yéche, C, additional, and Zhou, Z, additional

Published
2023
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24. 3D correlations in the Lyman-α forest from early DESI data

Author

Gordon, C., primary, Cuceu, A., additional, Chaves-Montero, J., additional, Font-Ribera, A., additional, González-Morales, A.X., additional, Aguilar, J., additional, Ahlen, S., additional, Armengaud, E., additional, Bailey, S., additional, Bault, A., additional, Brodzeller, A., additional, Brooks, D., additional, Claybaugh, T., additional, de la Cruz, R., additional, Dawson, K., additional, Doel, P., additional, Forero-Romero, J.E., additional, Gontcho, S.Gontcho A., additional, Guy, J., additional, Herrera-Alcantar, H.K., additional, Iršič, V., additional, Karaçaylı, N.G., additional, Kirkby, D., additional, Landriau, M., additional, Le Guillou, L., additional, Levi, M.E., additional, de la Macorra, A., additional, Manera, M., additional, Martini, P., additional, Meisner, A., additional, Miquel, R., additional, Montero-Camacho, P., additional, Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A., additional, Napolitano, L., additional, Nie, J., additional, Niz, G., additional, Palanque-Delabrouille, N., additional, Percival, W.J., additional, Pieri, M., additional, Poppett, C., additional, Prada, F., additional, Pérez-Ràfols, I., additional, Ramírez-Pérez, C., additional, Ravoux, C., additional, Rezaie, M., additional, Ross, A.J., additional, Rossi, G., additional, Sanchez, E., additional, Schlegel, D., additional, Schubnell, M., additional, Seo, H., additional, Sinigaglia, F., additional, Tan, T., additional, Tarlé, G., additional, Walther, M., additional, Weaver, B.A., additional, Yèche, C., additional, Zhou, Z., additional, and Zou, H., additional

Published
2023
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26. The Lyman-α forest catalogue from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Early Data Release.

Author

Ramírez-Pérez, César, Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Karim, M Abdul, Armengaud, E, Bautista, J, Beltran, S F, Cabayol-Garcia, L, Cai, Z, Chabanier, S, Chaussidon, E, Chaves-Montero, J, Cuceu, A, de la Cruz, R, García-Bellido, J, Gonzalez-Morales, A X, Gordon, C, Herrera-Alcantar, H K, Iršič, V, and Ishak, M

Subjects
DARK energy, DATA release, CATALOGS, CATALOGING, ASTRONOMICAL surveys
Abstract

We present and validate the catalogue of Lyman-α forest fluctuations for 3D analyses using the Early Data Release (EDR) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. We used 88 511 quasars collected from DESI Survey Validation (SV) data and the first two months of the main survey (M2). We present several improvements to the method used to extract the Lyman-α absorption fluctuations performed in previous analyses from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In particular, we modify the weighting scheme and show that it can improve the precision of the correlation function measurement by more than 20 per cent. This catalogue can be downloaded from https://data.desi.lbl.gov/public/edr/vac/edr/lya/fuji/v0.3 , and it will be used in the near future for the first DESI measurements of the 3D correlations in the Lyman-α forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Case report: Disease phenotype associated with simultaneous biallelic mutations in ABCA4 and USH2A due to uniparental disomy of chromosome 1

Author

Villafuerte-De la Cruz, R., primary, Chacon-Camacho, O. F., additional, Rodriguez-Martinez, A. C., additional, Xilotl-De Jesus, N., additional, Arce-Gonzalez, R., additional, Rodriguez-De la Torre, C., additional, Valdez-Garcia, J. E., additional, Rojas-Martinez, A., additional, and Zenteno, J. C., additional

Published
2022
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33. Adsorption of Chrome VI in Curtiembres Wastewater Using Calcined Eggshell

Author

Vivas-Cuellar, M.C., Collado Dominguez, E.A., Arias Durand, A.D., Guillén De La Cruz, R., and Marin-Flores, O.G.

Subjects
Biomass
Abstract

In order to contribute to a circular economy, the main objective of this research work is to test the use of calcined eggshell as an adsorbent substrate for the removal of Chromium VI from wastewater from the tannery industry. The eggshell residue was calcined in order to increase its surface area, for this purpose the eggshell was crushed to a particle size of less than 0.149mm, in a muffle at 800 ° C for a time of 2 hours. Then the calcined eggshell was put in contact with a solution that initially contained a high percentage of chromium VI from a local tannery in the city of Lima, the tests were carried out in a discontinuous process and with constant stirring, with the purpose of determining the factors that affect the adsorption of chromium VI, which were: weight of calcined eggshell of 20 gr/L, 35 gr/L and 50 gr/L; substrate/solution contact time 30min, 60min and 90min and finally initial concentration of chromium VI in the effluent of 202ppm and 405ppm. For the determination of the final concentration of chromium VI after concluding with the adsorption time, the Standard method for the determination of hexavalent chromium in water (SM 3500 - Cr. B) was used, and for the measurement of the absorbance a UV/Vis 2800 spectrophotometer. After concluding with all the runs and carrying out their respective absorbance measurement at a wavelength of 540nm, a maximum adsorption percentage of 85.80% and 95.39% was obtained for an initial concentration of 202ppm and 405ppm respectively. in a time of 90 min in both cases, with which it can be stated that the calcined eggshell residue has a high chromium VI adsorption capacity in aqueous solutions., Proceedings of the 30th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 9-12 May 2022, Online, pp. 1052-1055

Published
2022
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35. Early Cretaceous Surtseyan volcanoes of the Baño Nuevo Volcanic Complex (Aysén Basin, eastern central Patagonian Cordillera, Chile)

Author

Demant, A., Suarez, M., De La Cruz, R., Bruguier, Olivier, Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (SERNAGEOMIN ), Géosciences Montpellier, and Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Megacryst, Hydrovolcanism, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Patagonian Andes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aptian, Amphibole
Abstract

Tens of Surtseyan tuff cones are exposed in the Rio Coichel valley, between Nireguao and Estancia Bano Nuevo (Southern Chilean Andes). The Early Cretaceous products of the submarine eruptions rest on, or are interbedded with, shallow marine sandstones of the Hauterivian-early Aptian Apeleg Formation. The Early Cretaceous rocks typically contain large amphibole phenocrysts, clinopyroxene and plagioclase, and have compositions that range from relatively primitive basalts to andesites. The basalts are slightly enriched in LREE and incompatible trace elements. They have low Ti-contents and negative anomalies in Nb and Ta, characteristic of subduction-related magmas. Centimetre-sized amphibole megacrysts and an amphibole-bearing clinopyroxenite xenolith have been found in one of the tuff cones located near Estancia Bano Nuevo. The amphibole megacrysts are pargasite (low Si and Ti, high Mg). The xenolith has diopsidic clinopyroxene with abundant inclusions, and pargasite veins enclosing smaller clinopyroxene neoblasts. Geochemical data show that the megacrysts and the xenolith have the same origin and correspond to underplated igneous bodies crystallized at high pressure.

Published
2021
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37. Modelos de predicción de las cargas térmicas en una cámara frigorífica de productos cárnicos.

Author

Benítez-Cortés, I., Reina-Estrada, O. L., Hernández-Rojas, D., González de la Cruz, R., Rosell, O. A. Velazco, and Sánchez, A. Pérez

Subjects
FROZEN meat, ENERGY consumption, MATHEMATICAL models, INLETS, STATISTICS, ELECTRONIC data processing
Abstract

Copyright of Scientia et Technica is the property of Scientia et Technica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022
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38. La aplicación combinada de abonos orgánicos mejora las propiedades físicas del suelo asociado al cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Author

Bolo Valladares, J. D., Reynoso Zárate, A., Cosme de la Cruz, R. C., Arone Gaspar, G., and Calderón Mendoza, C.

Subjects
guano de las islas, densidad aparente, Guano de las Islas, quinua, Agricultura, Agriculture (General), Densidad aparente, Agriculture, Estiércol ovino, estiércol ovino, Quinua, S1-972
Abstract

8 Páginas La acelerada disminución de la materia orgánica del suelo viene afectando sus propiedades, siendo necesario reincidir en el uso y manejo de abonos orgánicos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de dos abonos orgánicos combinados, Guano de las Islas (GI) y estiércol de ovino (EO), sobre las siguientes tres propiedades físicas del suelo: densidad aparente, estabilidad de agregados y resistencia mecánica a la penetración, bajo el cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) variedad Hualhuas. Estas propiedades se determinaron mediante los métodos de cilindro biselado, Yoder y del penetrómetro dinámico y bajo un diseño en bloques completamente al azar, con arreglo factorial de dos factores (GI y EO) y tres niveles por factor (0; 0,5 y 1 t/hapara GI y 0; 2,5 y 5 t/hapara EO). Los resultados demostraron que la aplicación combinada de las diferentes dosis en estudio no influye sobre la densidad aparente del suelo, pero la aplicación combinada de 0,5 t/ha de GI con 5 t/ha de EO y 1 t/ha de GI con 5 t/hade EO disminuyen significativamente la resistencia mecánica del suelo a la penetración e incrementan la estabilidad de agregados. 1. Introducción. 2. Materiales y métodos. 3. Resultados y discusión. 4. Conclusiones. Referencias bibliográficas.

Published
2020

39. Evaluación del sistema de generación y distribución de vapor de una empresa cárnica

Author

Reyes Betancourt, Y., González de la Cruz, R., Rodríguez Guerra, Y. B., Liaño Abascal, Norlem, Pérez Sánchez, Amaury, Reyes Betancourt, Y., González de la Cruz, R., Rodríguez Guerra, Y. B., Liaño Abascal, Norlem, and Pérez Sánchez, Amaury

Abstract

This work was carried out in the “César Escalante Dellundé” Meat Company, in the province of Camagüey, Cuba, with the objective of evaluating its steam generation and distribution system. An energy efficiency of the fire-tube boiler of 87.41% was obtained, the heat losses to the environment of the non-insulated pipes amounted to 85,764.31 W, while the total hardness of the feed water to the boiler is 10.26 times above the standard value. Two alternatives for improvements were proposed, consisting of: 1) insulation of the pipes through which water vapor circulates with Mineral Wool, and 2) preheating the boiler feed water up to 70 °C. The application of both proposals of improvements will result in fuel savings of 23.56 kg/h, which allows stop releasing about 576 m3/h of combustion gases to the environment, along with an increase of the energy efficiency of the boiler of 0.10 %. The total investment cost necessary to implement the two proposed improvement alternativesreached a value of $ 8 117,35 Cuban pesos (CUP), which is recovered in 2.36 months considering the economic savings per year obtained, which amount to CUP $ 41 193.33 due to fuel not consumed in the boiler., Este trabajo se realizó en el Combinado Cárnico “César Escalante Dellundé”, de la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba con el objetivode evaluar su sistema de generación y distribución de vapor. Se obtuvo una eficiencia energética de la caldera pirotubular de 87,41 %, las pérdidas de calor al ambiente de las tuberías no aisladas ascendieron a 85 764,31 W, mientras que la dureza total del agua de alimentación a la caldera se encuentra 10,26 veces por encima de lo establecido por norma. Se propusieron dos alternativas de mejoras, consistentes en: 1) aislamiento de las tuberías por donde circula vapor de agua con el aislante Lana Mineral, y2) precalentamiento del agua de alimentación a la caldera hasta 70 ºC. La aplicación de ambas propuestas de mejoras traerá consigo un ahorro de combustible de 23,56 kg/h, lo cual permite que se dejen de emitir 576 m3/h de gases de combustión al ambiente, además de un posibilitar un incremento de la eficiencia energética de la caldera en un 0,10 %. El costo total de inversión necesario para implementar las dos alternativas de mejoras propuestasalcanzó un valor de $ 8 117,35pesos cubanos (PC), el cual se recupera en 2,36 meses considerando los ahorros económicos por año que seobtienen, los cuales ascienden a PC $ 41 193,33 a causa de combustible que no se consume en la caldera.

Published
2021

43. LEGaTO: Low-Energy, Secure, and Resilient Toolset for Heterogeneous Computing

Author

Salami, B., primary, Parasyris, K., additional, Cristal, A., additional, Unsal, O., additional, Martorell, X., additional, Carpenter, P., additional, De La Cruz, R., additional, Bautista, L., additional, Jimenez, D., additional, Alvarez, C., additional, Nabavi, S., additional, Madonar, S., additional, Pericas, M., additional, Trancoso, P., additional, Abduljabbar, M., additional, Chen, J., additional, Soomro, P. N., additional, Manivannan, M, additional, Berge, M., additional, Krupop, S., additional, Klawonn, F., additional, Mekhlafi, Al, additional, May, S., additional, Becker, T., additional, Gaydadjiev, G., additional, Salomonsson, H., additional, Dubhashi, D., additional, Port, O., additional, Etsion, Y., additional, Quoc Do, Le, additional, Fetzer, Christof, additional, Kaiser, M., additional, Kucza, N., additional, Hagemeyer, J., additional, Griessl, R., additional, Tigges, L., additional, Mika, K., additional, Huffmeier, A., additional, Pasin, M., additional, Schiavoni, V., additional, Rocha, I., additional, Gottel, C., additional, and Felber, P., additional

Published
2020
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44. Timing and origin of deformation along the Patagonian fold and thrust belt

Author

Suarez, M., De La Cruz, R., and Bell, C.M.

Subjects
Patagonia -- Natural history, Rock deformation -- Causes of, Geology, Structural -- Research, Folds (Geology) -- Location, Plate tectonics -- Environmental aspects, Paleogeography -- Cretaceous, Earth sciences
Abstract

The Andean orogeny in the Patagonian Cordillera of southern South America reflects the consequences of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic subduction of an oceanic plate beneath the South American continental margin. The geological evolution of the region has been influenced by the Eocene collision and subduction of the Farallon-Aluk Ridge and the Miocene-Recent subduction of the Chile Ridge. Another aspect of plate interaction during this period was two intervals of rapid plate convergence, one at 50-42 Ma, and the other at 25-10 Ma, between the South American and the oceanic plates. It has been proposed that the collision of the Chile Ridge with the trench was responsible for the development, at least in part, of the Patagonian fold and thrust belt. This belt extends for more than 1000 km along the eastern foothills of the southern Andes between 46 degrees and 54 degrees S along the southwestern rim of the Austral Basin. The interpretation of a link between subduction of the ridge and formation of the fold and thrust belt is based on assumed time coincidences between contractional tectonism and the collision of ridge segments during Middle and Late Miocene times. The main Tertiary contractional events in the Patagonian fold and thrust belt took place during latest Cretaceous-Palaeocene-Eocene and during Miocene times. Although the timing of deformation is still poorly constrained, the evidence currently available suggests that there is little or no relationship between the timing of the fold and thrust belt and the collision of ridge segments. Most if not all of the contractional tectonism pre-dated the latest episodes of ridge collision. Collision of a ridge crest with the continental margin has been active for the past 14 to 15 million years. Contrary to the suggestion of a relationship between ridge subduction and compression, the main result of this collision has been fast uplift and extensional tectonism. The initiation of the Patagonian fold and thrust belt in latest Cretaceous or early Tertiary times coincided with a fundamental change in the tectonic evolution of the Austral Basin. Throughout the Cretaceous most of this basin subsided as a broad backarc continental shelf. Only in latest Cretaceous times, and coinciding with the initiation of the fold and thrust belt, the basin underwent a transition to a retro-arc foreland basin. This change to an asymmetrically subsiding foreland basin, with an associated foreland fold and thrust belt, was related to uplift of the Andean orogenic belt in the west.

Published
2000

48. Evaluación técnico-económica del sistema de refrigeración de una empresa cárnica

Author

Rondón-González, Y, González-de la Cruz, R, and Pérez-Sánchez, A

Subjects
insulation, compresor, cost, compressor, aislamiento, cámaras frigoríficas, Refrigeration system, Sistema de refrigeración, costo, frigorific chambers
Abstract

RESUMEN El presente trabajo se desarrolló en la empresa cárnica “Raúl Cepero Bonilla”, en Camagüey, Cuba con el objetivo evaluar el sistema de refrigeración. Se obtuvieron valores de coeficiente de rendimiento y de eficiencia termodinámica para el compresor de 3,849 y 59,86%, respectivamente, los cuales pueden considerarse aceptables. El consumo diario de energía frigorífica fue de 4 332 kW, el cual se reduce en un 61,18 %, con ambas propuestas de mejora, lo que implica un ahorro económico anual de $ 27 114,32. El costo de inversión de la instalación del aislante Armaflex en las tuberías de refrigeración ascendió a $ 103 234,24, mientras que el costo de inversión de la instalación del aislante Poliuretano en las cámaras frigoríficas tuvo un valor de $ 506 536,38. La inversión del aislante en las redes de tuberías de refrigeración se recupera en 4,76 años. Se emplearon hojas de cálculo Excel para la realización de los cálculos. ABSTRACT The present work was carried out at “Raúl Cepero Bonilla” Meat Company in Camagüey, Cuba, with the objective of evaluating its refrigeration system. Values for the parameters thermodynamic efficiency and COP of 3.849 and 59.86% were obtained for the compressor, respectively, which can be considered acceptable. The daily consumption of frigorific energy was of 4 332 kW, which is reduced by 61.18% with both improvement proposals, thus implying $ 27 114.32 of annual economic savings. The investment cost of installing Armaflex insulation at refrigeration pipes ascended to $ 103 234.24, while the investment cost of installing Polyurethane insulation at refrigeration chambers had a value of $ 506 536.38. The insulation investment in refrigeration pipes is recovered in 4.7 years. Excel spreadsheets were used to carry out calculations.

Published
2019

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