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1. Two-dimensional perovskitoids enhance stability in perovskite solar cells

Author

Liu, Cheng, Yang, Yi, Chen, Hao, Spanopoulos, Ioannis, Bati, Abdulaziz S. R., Gilley, Isaiah W., Chen, Jianhua, Maxwell, Aidan, Vishal, Badri, Reynolds, Robert P., Wiggins, Taylor E., Wang, Zaiwei, Huang, Chuying, Fletcher, Jared, Liu, Yuan, Chen, Lin X., De Wolf, Stefaan, Chen, Bin, Zheng, Ding, Marks, Tobin J., Facchetti, Antonio, Sargent, Edward H., and Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.

Published
2024
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3. Impact of TCO Microstructure on the Electronic Properties of Carbazole-based Self-Assembled Monolayers

Author

Kralj, Suzana, Dally, Pia, Bampoulis, Pantelis, Vishal, Badri, De Wolf, Stefaan, and Morales-Masis, Monica

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers (PACz-SAMs), anchored via their phosphonic acid group on a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) have demonstrated excellent performance as hole-selective layers in inverted perovskite solar cells. However, the influence of the TCO microstructure on the work function (WF) shift after SAM anchoring as well as the WF variations at the micro/nanoscale have not been extensively studied yet. Herein, we investigate the effect of the Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) microstructure on the WF distribution upon 2PACz-SAMs and NiOx/2PACz-SAMs application. For this, ITO substrates with amorphous and polycrystalline (featuring either nanoscale or microscale-sized grains) microstructures are studied. A correlation between the ITO grain orientation and 2PACz-SAMs local potential distribution was found via Kelvin probe force microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. These variations vanish for amorphous ITO or when adding an amorphous NiOx buffer layer, where a homogeneous surface potential distribution is mapped. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the ITO WF increase after 2PACz-SAMs deposition. Considering the importance of polycrystalline TCOs as high mobility and broadband transparent electrodes, we provide insights to ensure uniform WF distribution upon application of hole transport SAMs, which is critical towards enhanced device performance., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023
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4. Sublimed C60 for efficient and repeatable perovskite-based solar cells

Author

Said, Ahmed A., Aydin, Erkan, Ugur, Esma, Xu, Zhaojian, Deger, Caner, Vishal, Badri, Vlk, Aleš, Dally, Pia, Yildirim, Bumin K., Azmi, Randi, Liu, Jiang, Jackson, Edward A., Johnson, Holly M., Gui, Manting, Richter, Henning, Pininti, Anil R., Bristow, Helen, Babics, Maxime, Razzaq, Arsalan, Allen, Thomas G., Ledinský, Martin, Yavuz, Ilhan, Rand, Barry P., and De Wolf, Stefaan

Published
2024
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5. Industrial-scale deposition of nanocrystalline silicon oxide for 26.4%-efficient silicon heterojunction solar cells with copper electrodes

Author

Yu, Cao, Gao, Kun, Peng, Chen-Wei, He, Chenran, Wang, Shibo, Shi, Wei, Allen, Vince, Zhang, Jiteng, Wang, Dengzhi, Tian, Gangyu, Zhang, Yifan, Jia, Wenzhu, Song, Yuanhong, Hu, Youzhong, Colwell, Jack, Xing, Chunfang, Ma, Qing, Wu, Huiting, Guo, Liangyuan, Dong, Gangqiang, Jiang, Hao, Wu, Haihong, Wang, Xinyu, Xu, Dacheng, Li, Kun, Peng, Jun, Liu, Wenzhu, Chen, Daniel, Lennon, Alison, Cao, Xinmin, De Wolf, Stefaan, Zhou, Jian, Yang, Xinbo, and Zhang, Xiaohong

Published
2023
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7. Suppressed phase segregation for triple-junction perovskite solar cells

Author

Wang, Zaiwei, Zeng, Lewei, Zhu, Tong, Chen, Hao, Chen, Bin, Kubicki, Dominik J., Balvanz, Adam, Li, Chongwen, Maxwell, Aidan, Ugur, Esma, dos Reis, Roberto, Cheng, Matthew, Yang, Guang, Subedi, Biwas, Luo, Deying, Hu, Juntao, Wang, Junke, Teale, Sam, Mahesh, Suhas, Wang, Sasa, Hu, Shuangyan, Jung, Eui Dae, Wei, Mingyang, Park, So Min, Grater, Luke, Aydin, Erkan, Song, Zhaoning, Podraza, Nikolas J., Lu, Zheng-Hong, Huang, Jinsong, Dravid, Vinayak P., De Wolf, Stefaan, Yan, Yanfa, Grätzel, Michael, Kanatzidis, Merx G., and Sargent, Edward H.

Published
2023
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9. Monolithic perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells with cation double displacement enabled 2.0 eV perovskites

Author

Xu, Fuzong, Aydin, Erkan, Liu, Jiang, Ugur, Esma, Harrison, George T., Xu, Lujia, Vishal, Badri, Yildirim, Bumin K., Wang, Mingcong, Ali, Roshan, Subbiah, Anand S., Yazmaciyan, Aren, Zhumagali, Shynggys, Yan, Wenbo, Gao, Yajun, Song, Zhaoning, Li, Chongwen, Fu, Sheng, Chen, Bin, ur Rehman, Atteq, Babics, Maxime, Razzaq, Arsalan, De Bastiani, Michele, Allen, Thomas G., Schwingenschlögl, Udo, Yan, Yanfa, Laquai, Frédéric, Sargent, Edward H., and De Wolf, Stefaan

Published
2024
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11. Regulating surface potential maximizes voltage in all-perovskite tandems

Author

Chen, Hao, Maxwell, Aidan, Li, Chongwen, Teale, Sam, Chen, Bin, Zhu, Tong, Ugur, Esma, Harrison, George, Grater, Luke, Wang, Junke, Wang, Zaiwei, Zeng, Lewei, Park, So Min, Chen, Lei, Serles, Peter, Awni, Rasha Abbas, Subedi, Biwas, Zheng, Xiaopeng, Xiao, Chuanxiao, Podraza, Nikolas J., Filleter, Tobin, Liu, Cheng, Yang, Yi, Luther, Joseph M., De Wolf, Stefaan, Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., Yan, Yanfa, and Sargent, Edward H.

Published
2023
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13. Dissecting the structure-stability relationship of Y-series electron acceptors for real-world solar cell applications

Author

Xu, Han, Han, Jianhua, Chen, Si, Liu, Ye, Huerta Hernandez, Luis, Bertrandie, Jules, Babics, Maxime, Alam, Shahidul, Villalva, Diego Rosas, Paleti, Sri Harish Kumar, Gorenflot, Julien, Herok, Christoph, Ramos, Nicolas, Troughton, Joel, Sharma, Anirudh, Marder, Todd B., Engels, Bernd, Martin, Jaime, De Wolf, Stefaan, Laquai, Frédéric, and Baran, Derya

Published
2023
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14. Front-contact passivation through 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions enables efficient bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Author

Ugur, Esma, Aydin, Erkan, De Bastiani, Michele, Harrison, George T., Yildirim, Bumin K., Teale, Sam, Chen, Bin, Liu, Jiang, Wang, Mingcong, Seitkhan, Akmaral, Babics, Maxime, Subbiah, Anand S., Said, Ahmed Ali, Azmi, Randi, Rehman, Atteq ur, Allen, Thomas G., Schulz, Philip, Sargent, Edward H., Laquai, Frédéric, and De Wolf, Stefaan

Published
2023
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15. Dynamics of Antisolvent Processed Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskites Studied by In Situ Photoluminescence and Its Influence on Optoelectronic Properties

Author

Song, Tze-Bin, Yuan, Zhenghao, Babbe, Finn, Nenon, David P, Aydin, Erkan, De Wolf, Stefaan, and Sutter-Fella, Carolin M

Subjects
halide perovskites, solution synthesis, antisolvent, in situ characterization, nucleation, recombination
Abstract

The antisolvent dripping time during spin-coating of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) strongly impacts film morphology as well as possible formation of the intermediate precursor phase and—consequently—device performance. Here, we use in situ photoluminescence (PL) to directly monitor the fast-occurring changes during MAPbI3 synthesis. These measurements reveal how the ideal timing of the antisolvent leads to homogeneous nucleation and pinhole-free films. In addition, these films show significantly reduced nonradiative recombination with 1.5 orders of magnitude difference in absolute PL quantum yield compared to films where no antisolvent is applied. Low-temperature PL measurements confirm that antisolvent treatment reduces the number of trap states presumably in the bulk material. However, if the antisolvent is dripped late, heterogeneous nucleation via the orthorhombic (MA)2(DMF)2Pb3I8 intermediate phase leads to a needle-like morphology that can be correlated to a red-shifted in situ PL signature. We find that the ideal dripping window is very narrow when using dimethylformamide as the solvent, confirmed by device performance metrics. Finally, the use of in situ PL is discussed to gain information about nucleation and growth and ultimately increase reproducibility.

Published
2020

16. Polymeric Electron-Selective Contact for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells with an Efficiency Exceeding 19%

Author

Ji, Wenbo, Allen, Thomas, Yang, Xinbo, Zeng, Guosong, De Wolf, Stefaan, and Javey, Ali

Abstract

Carrier-selective contacts have become a prominent path forward toward efficient crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaics. Among the proposed contacting materials, organic materials may offer simplified and low-cost processing compared with typical vacuum deposition techniques. Here, branched polyethylenimine (b-PEI) is presented as an electron-transport layer (ETL) for c-Si solar cells. The incorporation of a b-PEI interlayer between c-Si(n) and Al leads to a low contact resistivity of 24 mω cm2. A silicon heterojunction solar cell integrated with b-PEI is demonstrated achieving a power conversion efficiency of 19.4%, which improves the benchmark efficiency of a c-Si solar cell with an organic ETL. This electron selectivity of b-PEI is attributed to its Lewis basicity, i.e., electron-donating ability, promoting favorable band bending at the c-Si surface for electron transport. Moreover, several other Lewis base polymers perform as efficient ETLs in organic/c-Si hybrid devices, indicating Lewis basicity could be a guideline for future organic ETL design.

Published
2020

17. Passivating contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells

Author

Allen, Thomas G, Bullock, James, Yang, Xinbo, Javey, Ali, and De Wolf, Stefaan

Subjects
Affordable and Clean Energy, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Environmental Engineering
Abstract

The global photovoltaic (PV) market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) based technologies with heavily doped, directly metallized contacts. Recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes at the contact regions is increasingly constraining the power conversion efficiencies of these devices as other performance-limiting energy losses are overcome. To move forward, c-Si PV technologies must implement alternative contacting approaches. Passivating contacts, which incorporate thin films within the contact structure that simultaneously supress recombination and promote charge-carrier selectivity, are a promising next step for the mainstream c-Si PV industry. In this work, we review the fundamental physical processes governing contact formation in c-Si. In doing so we identify the role passivating contacts play in increasing c-Si solar cell efficiencies beyond the limitations imposed by heavy doping and direct metallization. Strategies towards the implementation of passivating contacts in industrial environments are discussed.

Published
2019

19. Oxygen Vacancy Mediation in SnO2 Electron Transport Layers Enables Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Zhao, Qiangqiang, primary, Zhang, Bingqian, additional, Hui, Wei, additional, Su, Zhenhuang, additional, Wang, Han, additional, Zhang, Qi, additional, Gao, Kun, additional, Zhang, Xiaoxu, additional, Li, Bo-han, additional, Gao, Xingyu, additional, Wang, Xiao, additional, De Wolf, Stefaan, additional, Wang, Kai, additional, and Pang, Shuping, additional

Published
2024
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21. Publisher Correction: Regulating surface potential maximizes voltage in all-perovskite tandems

Author

Chen, Hao, Maxwell, Aidan, Li, Chongwen, Teale, Sam, Chen, Bin, Zhu, Tong, Ugur, Esma, Harrison, George, Grater, Luke, Wang, Junke, Wang, Zaiwei, Zeng, Lewei, Park, So Min, Chen, Lei, Serles, Peter, Awni, Rasha Abbas, Subedi, Biwas, Zheng, Xiaopeng, Xiao, Chuanxiao, Podraza, Nikolas J., Filleter, Tobin, Liu, Cheng, Yang, Yi, Luther, Joseph M., De Wolf, Stefaan, Kanatzidis, Mercouri G., Yan, Yanfa, and Sargent, Edward H.

Published
2023
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22. Light-induced activation of boron doping in hydrogenated amorphous silicon for over 25% efficiency silicon solar cells

Author

Liu, Wenzhu, Shi, Jianhua, Zhang, Liping, Han, Anjun, Huang, Shenglei, Li, Xiaodong, Peng, Jun, Yang, Yuhao, Gao, Yajun, Yu, Jian, Jiang, Kai, Yang, Xinbo, Li, Zhenfei, Zhao, Wenjie, Du, Junlin, Song, Xin, Yin, Jun, Wang, Jie, Yu, Youlin, Shi, Qiang, Ma, Zhixin, Zhang, Haichuan, Ling, Jiajia, Xu, Lujia, Kang, Jingxuan, Xu, Fuzong, Liu, Jiang, Liu, Hanyuan, Xie, Yi, Meng, Fanying, De Wolf, Stefaan, Laquai, Frédéric, Di, Zengfeng, and Liu, Zhengxin

Published
2022
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23. Generation of long-lived charges in organic semiconductor heterojunction nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Author

Kosco, Jan, Gonzalez-Carrero, Soranyel, Howells, Calvyn T., Fei, Teng, Dong, Yifan, Sougrat, Rachid, Harrison, George T., Firdaus, Yuliar, Sheelamanthula, Rajendar, Purushothaman, Balaji, Moruzzi, Floriana, Xu, Weidong, Zhao, Lingyun, Basu, Aniruddha, De Wolf, Stefaan, Anthopoulos, Thomas D., Durrant, James R., and McCulloch, Iain

Published
2022
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24. Dip Coating Passivation of Crystalline Silicon by Lewis Acids

Author

Ji, Wenbo, Zhao, Yingbo, Fahad, Hossain M, Bullock, James, Allen, Thomas, Lien, Der-Hsien, De Wolf, Stefaan, and Javey, Ali

Subjects
Engineering, Materials Engineering, Chemical Sciences, Lewis acids, Nafion, crystalline silicon, room-temperature passivation, charge transfer, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Abstract

The reduction of carrier recombination processes by surface passivation is vital for highly efficient crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells and bulk wafer metrological characterization. Herein, we report a dip coating passivation of silicon surfaces in ambient air and temperature with Nafion, achieving a champion effective carrier lifetime of 12 ms on high resistivity n-type c-Si, which is comparable to state-of-the-art passivation methods. Nafion is a nonreactive polymer with strong Lewis acidity, thus leading to the formation of a large density of fixed charges at silicon surface, 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than what is achievable with conventional thin-film passivation layers. Notably, Nafion passivates the c-Si surface only by the fixed charges without chemical modification of dangling bonds, which is fundamentally different from the common practice of combining chemical with field-effect passivation. This dip coating process is simple and robust, without the need for complex equipment or parameter optimization as there is no chemical reaction involved.

Published
2019

32. Mitigating Delamination in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Modules.

Author

Bristow, Helen, Li, Xiaole, Babics, Maxime, Kosar, Sofiia, Pininti, Anil Reddy, Zhang, Shanshan, Vishal, Badri, Sarwade, Shruti, Razzaq, Arsalan, Said, Ahmed Ali, Lubineau, Gilles, and De Wolf, Stefaan

Subjects
SILICON solar cells, PEROVSKITE, FRACTURE toughness, TIN oxides, CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics), BUFFER layers
Abstract

As perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells head toward industrialization, one emerging challenge relates to the mechanical reliability of these organic–inorganic multilayer devices. Herein, the fracture toughness and interfacial strength of monolithic p–i–n perovskite/silicon tandems are assessed in the context of module integration. While the weakest layer in the tandem stack investigated is found to be C60, used here as electron‐transport layer (interfacial tensile strength of 0.64 MPa), more concerningly, the fracture energy of the C60/tin‐oxide interface is found to be only 1.2 J m−2. The low fracture toughness of perovskite/silicon tandems can encourage crack propagation and large‐scale delamination during processes used for their integration into modules such as cell cutting, interconnection, and vacuum lamination. By improving the tin oxide buffer layer properties and reducing sputtering‐induced internal stress (associated with the transparent top electrode deposition onto the tin the oxide buffer layer), the fracture energy is improved to over 160 J m−2. A second strategy to mitigate delamination due to the low fracture toughness of the cells is tailoring encapsulation and cell processing techniques specifically toward the perovskite/silicon tandem technology. In this work, a critical reliability issue, relevant for any perovskite‐based optoelectronic technology requiring device packaging, is addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. 28.2%-efficient, outdoor-stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell

Author

Liu, Jiang, Aydin, Erkan, Yin, Jun, De Bastiani, Michele, Isikgor, Furkan H., Rehman, Atteq Ur, Yengel, Emre, Ugur, Esma, Harrison, George T., Wang, Mingcong, Gao, Yajun, Khan, Jafar Iqbal, Babics, Maxime, Allen, Thomas G., Subbiah, Anand S., Zhu, Kaichen, Zheng, Xiaopeng, Yan, Wenbo, Xu, Fuzong, Salvador, Michael F., Bakr, Osman M., Anthopoulos, Thomas D., Lanza, Mario, Mohammed, Omar F., Laquai, Frédéric, and De Wolf, Stefaan

Published
2021
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34. Capillary Manganese Halide Needle‐Like Array Scintillator with Isolated Light Crosstalk for Micro‐X‐Ray Imaging

Author

Shao, Wenyi, primary, He, Tengyue, additional, Wang, Lijie, additional, Wang, Jian‐Xin, additional, Zhou, Yang, additional, Shao, Bingyao, additional, Ugur, Esma, additional, Wu, Wentao, additional, Zhang, Zhenzhong, additional, Liang, Hongwei, additional, De Wolf, Stefaan, additional, Bakr, Osman M., additional, and Mohammed, Omar F., additional

Published
2024
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37. Concurrent cationic and anionic perovskite defect passivation enables 27.4% perovskite/silicon tandems with suppression of halide segregation

Author

Isikgor, Furkan H., Furlan, Francesco, Liu, Jiang, Ugur, Esma, Eswaran, Mathan K., Subbiah, Anand S., Yengel, Emre, De Bastiani, Michele, Harrison, George T., Zhumagali, Shynggys, Howells, Calvyn T., Aydin, Erkan, Wang, Mingcong, Gasparini, Nicola, Allen, Thomas G., Rehman, Atteq ur, Van Kerschaver, Emmanuel, Baran, Derya, McCulloch, Iain, Anthopoulos, Thomas D., Schwingenschlögl, Udo, Laquai, Frédéric, and De Wolf, Stefaan

Published
2021
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38. Photon recycling in perovskite solar cells and its impact on device design

Author

Raja Waseem, De Bastiani Michele, Allen Thomas G., Aydin Erkan, Razzaq Arsalan, Rehman Atteq ur, Ugur Esma, Babayigit Aslihan, Subbiah Anand S., Isikgor Furkan H., and De Wolf Stefaan

Subjects
light-trapping, perovskites, photon recycling, photovoltaics, solar cells, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Metal halide perovskites have emerged in recent years as promising photovoltaic materials due to their excellent optical and electrical properties, enabling perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) greater than 25%. Provided radiative recombination is the dominant recombination mechanism, photon recycling – the process of reabsorption (and re-emission) of photons that result from radiative recombination – can be utilized to further enhance the PCE toward the Shockley–Queisser (S-Q) theoretical limit. Geometrical optics can be exploited for the intentional trapping of such re-emitted photons within the device, to enhance the PCE. However, this scheme reaches its fundamental diffraction limits at the submicron scale. Therefore, introducing photonic nanostructures offer attractive solutions to manipulate and trap light at the nanoscale via light coupling into guided modes, as well as localized surface plasmon and surface plasmon polariton modes. This review focuses on light-trapping schemes for efficient photon recycling in PSCs. First, we summarize the working principles of photon recycling, which is followed by a review of essential requirements to make this process efficient. We then survey photon recycling in state-of-the-art PSCs and propose design strategies to invoke light-trapping to effectively exploit photon recycling in PSCs. Finally, we formulate a future outlook and discuss new research directions in the context of photon recycling.

Published
2021
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40. Scaling-up perovskite solar cells on hydrophobic surfaces

Author

Isikgor, Furkan H., Subbiah, Anand S., Eswaran, Mathan K., Howells, Calvyn T., Babayigit, Aslihan, De Bastiani, Michele, Yengel, Emre, Liu, Jiang, Furlan, Francesco, Harrison, George T., Zhumagali, Shynggys, Khan, Jafar I., Laquai, Frédéric, Anthopoulos, Thomas D., McCulloch, Iain, Schwingenschlögl, Udo, and De Wolf, Stefaan

Published
2021
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41. Transparent Electrodes for Efficient Optoelectronics

Author

Morales‐Masis, Monica, De Wolf, Stefaan, Woods‐Robinson, Rachel, Ager, Joel W, and Ballif, Christophe

Subjects
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering
Abstract

With the development of new generations of optoelectronic devices that combine high performance and novel functionalities (e.g., flexibility/bendability, adaptability, semi or full transparency), several classes of transparent electrodes have been developed in recent years. These range from optimized transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), which are historically the most commonly used transparent electrodes, to new electrodes made from nano- and 2D materials (e.g., metal nanowire networks and graphene), and to hybrid electrodes that integrate TCOs or dielectrics with nanowires, metal grids, or ultrathin metal films. Here, the most relevant transparent electrodes developed to date are introduced, their fundamental properties are described, and their materials are classified according to specific application requirements in high efficiency solar cells and flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). This information serves as a guideline for selecting and developing appropriate transparent electrodes according to intended application requirements and functionality.

Published
2017

42. Oxygen Vacancy Mediation in SnO2Electron Transport Layers Enables Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Zhao, Qiangqiang, Zhang, Bingqian, Hui, Wei, Su, Zhenhuang, Wang, Han, Zhang, Qi, Gao, Kun, Zhang, Xiaoxu, Li, Bo-han, Gao, Xingyu, Wang, Xiao, De Wolf, Stefaan, Wang, Kai, and Pang, Shuping

Abstract

Previous findings have suggested a close association between oxygen vacancies in SnO2and charge carrier recombination as well as perovskite decomposition at the perovskite/SnO2interface. Underlying the fundamental mechanism holds great significance in achieving a more favorable balance between the efficiency and stability. In this study, we prepared three SnO2samples with different oxygen vacancy concentrations and observed that a low oxygen vacancy concentration is conducive to long-term device stability. Iodide ions were observed to easily diffuse into regions with high oxygen vacancies, thereby speeding up the deprotonation of FAI, as made evident by the detection of the decomposition product formamide. In contrast, a high oxygen vacancy concentration in SnO2could prevent hole injection, leading to a decrease in interfacial recombination losses. To suppress this decomposition reaction and address the trade-off, we designed a bilayer SnO2structure to ensure highly efficient carrier transport still while maintaining a chemically inert surface. As a result, an enhanced efficiency of 25.06% (certified at 24.55% with an active area of 0.09 cm2under fast scan) was achieved, and the extended operational stability maintained 90% of their original efficiency (24.52%) after continuous operation for nearly 2000 h. Additionally, perovskite submodules with an active area of 14 cm2were successfully assembled with a PCE of up to 22.96% (20.09% with an aperture area).

Published
2024
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44. Intrinsic efficiency limits in low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cells

Author

Karuthedath, Safakath, Gorenflot, Julien, Firdaus, Yuliar, Chaturvedi, Neha, De Castro, Catherine S. P., Harrison, George T., Khan, Jafar I., Markina, Anastasia, Balawi, Ahmed H., Peña, Top Archie Dela, Liu, Wenlan, Liang, Ru-Ze, Sharma, Anirudh, Paleti, Sri H. K., Zhang, Weimin, Lin, Yuanbao, Alarousu, Erkki, Lopatin, Sergei, Anjum, Dalaver H., Beaujuge, Pierre M., De Wolf, Stefaan, McCulloch, Iain, Anthopoulos, Thomas D., Baran, Derya, Andrienko, Denis, and Laquai, Frédéric

Published
2021
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47. Unraveling Bulk versus Surface Passivation Effects in Highly Efficient p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells Using Thiophene‐Based Cations.

Author

Pica, Giovanni, Montecucco, Riccardo, Zanetta, Andrea, Oranskaia, Aleksandra, Faini, Fabiola, Pancini, Lorenzo, Mrkyvkova, Nada, Siffalovic, Peter, Dally, Pia, Pirota, Valentina, Ledinsky, Martin, De Bastiani, Michele, De Wolf, Stefaan, Doria, Filippo, Schwingenschlögl, Udo, and Grancini, Giulia

Subjects
SURFACE passivation, SOLAR cells, PEROVSKITE, SMART devices, METAL halides, DENSITY functional theory, THIOPHENES
Abstract

Defect passivation is nowadays considered a must‐have route for high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells. However, a general rule that correlates the choice of passivating agents with performance enhancements is still missing. Herein, two different thiophene salts that are used as passivating agents are compared, namely thiophene methylammonium chloride and thiophene ethylammonium chloride (TEACl), which are used for the passivation of bulk and surface defects in triple‐cation‐based metal halide perovskites. First, it is observed that the surface passivation method leads to better device performances reaching a power conversion efficiency of 23.56%, with reduced voltage losses and increased fill factor when compared with the reference. Second, it is demonstrated that the chemical structure of the cation dictates its capability either in passivating bulk defects effectively or to form a superficial two‐dimensional/three‐dimensional heterostructure, which happens only for the TEACl case. The chemical composition and the cation dimension are responsible for device performance enhancement as observed by a joint spectroscopic and density functional theory simulations study, providing rational guidelines for further smart device design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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