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2. Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multifunctionality

Author

van der Plas, Fons, Manning, Pete, Soliveres, Santiago, Allan, Eric, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel A., Ampoorter, Evy, Baeten, Lander, Barbaro, Luc, Bauhus, Jürgen, Benavides, Raquel, Benneter, Adam, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, Monique, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, Coomes, David Anthony, Coppi, Andrea, Bastias, Cristina C., Dawud, Seid Muhie, De Wandeler, Hans, Domisch, Timo, Finér, Leena, Gessler, Arthur, Granier, André, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Jactel, Hervé, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, François-xavier, Jucker, Tommaso, Koricheva, Julia, Milligan, Harriet, Mueller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Pollastrini, Martina, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares, Fernando, Vesterdal, Lars, Zielínski, Dawid, and Fischer, Markus

Published
2016

5. Climatic conditions, not above- and belowground resource availability and uptake capacity, mediate tree diversity effects on productivity and stability

Author

Jing, Xin, primary, Muys, Bart, additional, Baeten, Lander, additional, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, De Wandeler, Hans, additional, Desie, Ellen, additional, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, additional, Jactel, Hervé, additional, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Kardol, Paul, additional, Pollastrini, Martina, additional, Ratcliffe, Sophia, additional, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, Vancampenhout, Karen, additional, van der Plas, Fons, additional, Verheyen, Kris, additional, Vesterdal, Lars, additional, Zuo, Juan, additional, and Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional

Published
2022
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7. Identifying the tree species compositions that maximize ecosystem functioning in European forests

Author

Baeten, Lander, primary, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, van der Plas, Fons, additional, Kambach, Stephan, additional, Ratcliffe, Sophia, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Allan, Eric, additional, Ampoorter, Evy, additional, Barbaro, Luc, additional, Bastias, Cristina C., additional, Bauhus, Jürgen, additional, Benavides, Raquel, additional, Bonal, Damien, additional, Bouriaud, Olivier, additional, Bussotti, Filippo, additional, Carnol, Monique, additional, Castagneyrol, Bastien, additional, Charbonnier, Yohan, additional, Chećko, Ewa, additional, Coomes, David A., additional, Dahlgren, Jonas, additional, Dawud, Seid Muhie, additional, De Wandeler, Hans, additional, Domisch, Timo, additional, Finér, Leena, additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, Fotelli, Mariangela, additional, Gessler, Arthur, additional, Grossiord, Charlotte, additional, Guyot, Virginie, additional, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, additional, Jactel, Hervé, additional, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, additional, Joly, François‐Xavier, additional, Koricheva, Julia, additional, Lehtonen, Aleksi, additional, Müller, Sandra, additional, Muys, Bart, additional, Nguyen, Diem, additional, Pollastrini, Martina, additional, Radoglou, Kalliopi, additional, Raulund‐Rasmussen, Karsten, additional, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, Stenlid, Jan, additional, Valladares, Fernando, additional, Vesterdal, Lars, additional, Verheyen, Kris, additional, Wirth, Christian, additional, Zavala, Miguel A., additional, and Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, additional

Published
2018
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8. Tree identity rather than tree diversity drives earthworm communities in European forests

Author

De Wandeler, Hans, primary, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, Dawud, Seid M., additional, Dănilă, Gabriel, additional, Domisch, Timo, additional, Finér, Leena, additional, Hermy, Martin, additional, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, additional, Joly, François-Xavier, additional, Müller, Sandra, additional, Ratcliffe, Sophia, additional, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, additional, Rota, Emilia, additional, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional, Vesterdal, Lars, additional, and Muys, Bart, additional

Published
2018
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9. Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality

Author

Plas, Fons, primary, Ratcliffe, Sophia, additional, Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma, additional, Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, additional, Verheyen, Kris, additional, Wirth, Christian, additional, Zavala, Miguel A., additional, Ampoorter, Evy, additional, Baeten, Lander, additional, Barbaro, Luc, additional, Bastias, Cristina C., additional, Bauhus, Jürgen, additional, Benavides, Raquel, additional, Benneter, Adam, additional, Bonal, Damien, additional, Bouriaud, Olivier, additional, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, Bussotti, Filippo, additional, Carnol, Monique, additional, Castagneyrol, Bastien, additional, Charbonnier, Yohan, additional, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., additional, Dahlgren, Jonas, additional, Checko, Ewa, additional, Coppi, Andrea, additional, Dawud, Seid Muhie, additional, Deconchat, Marc, additional, De Smedt, Pallieter, additional, De Wandeler, Hans, additional, Domisch, Timo, additional, Finér, Leena, additional, Fotelli, Mariangela, additional, Gessler, Arthur, additional, Granier, André, additional, Grossiord, Charlotte, additional, Guyot, Virginie, additional, Haase, Josephine, additional, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, additional, Jactel, Hervé, additional, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, additional, Joly, François‐Xavier, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Kambach, Stephan, additional, Kaendler, Gerald, additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Koricheva, Julia, additional, Kunstler, Georges, additional, Lehtonen, Aleksi, additional, Liebergesell, Mario, additional, Manning, Peter, additional, Milligan, Harriet, additional, Müller, Sandra, additional, Muys, Bart, additional, Nguyen, Diem, additional, Nock, Charles, additional, Ohse, Bettina, additional, Paquette, Alain, additional, Peñuelas, Josep, additional, Pollastrini, Martina, additional, Radoglou, Kalliopi, additional, Raulund‐Rasmussen, Karsten, additional, Roger, Fabian, additional, Seidl, Rupert, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, Stenlid, Jan, additional, Valladares, Fernando, additional, Keer, Johan, additional, Vesterdal, Lars, additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, Gamfeldt, Lars, additional, and Allan, Eric, additional

Published
2017
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10. Drivers of earthworm incidence and abundance across European forests

Author

De Wandeler, Hans, Sousa-Silva, Rita, Ampoorter, Evy, Bruelheide, Helge, Carnol, Monique, Dawud, Seid Muhie, Danila, Gabriel, Finer, Leena, Hattenschwiler, Stephan, Hermy, Martin, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, Francois-Xavier, Muller, Sandra, Pollastrini, Martina, and Ratcliffe, Sophia

Subjects
Climate, Soil characteristics, Distribution, Boosted regression trees (BRT), Soil fauna, Litter nutrients
Abstract

Earthworms have a significant influence on the structure, composition and functioning of forest ecosystems, but in spite of their role as ecosystem engineers, little is known on the factors controlling their distribution across European forests. Optimised sampling techniques, as well as more advanced statistical tools and geographical information systems have facilitated studies at the landscape scale. But these, and even larger-scale studies, are scarce due to data limitations, taxonomic inconsistencies and practical issues in linking existing databases. In this continental-scale field-based study we used boosted regression tree modelling to identify and evaluate the relative importance of environmental factors explaining earthworm incidence (presence/absence) and abundance (density and biomass) in European forests. To parameterise our models earthworms were sampled in six forest landscapes along a latitudinal gradient from the boreal north to the Mediterranean south in spring or autumn of 2012, together with several environmental variables. Earthworms were sampled using a combined method of mustard extraction and hand sorting of litter and a soil monolith, after which they were weighed and identified to functional group (epigeic, endogeic and anecic). We found that litter- and soil-related variables best explained earthworm incidence and biomass in European forests, leaving only a minor role to climate-related variables. Among the litter related variables, understory vegetation played an important role in explaining earthworm incidence and abundance. The relative importance of explanatory variables differed between models for incidence, density and biomass and between earthworm functional groups. Our results suggested that threshold values for soil C:N ratio, forest floor pH and understory plant biomass and plant nutrient concentrations have to be attained before earthworms can occur. Beyond these threshold values, variables like soil C:N ratio, tree litter C:P ratio and forest floor mass further explain earthworm biomass. Mechanisms behind these observations are discussed in the light of future earthworm distribution modelling at continental scale.

Published
2016

11. Jack-of-all-trades effects drive biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in European forests

Author

Van der Plas, Fons, Manning, Peter, Allan, Eric, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel Angel, Hector, Andy, Ampoorter, Evy, Baeten, Lander, Barbaro, Luc, Bauhus, Jürgen, Benavides, Raquel, Benneter, Adam, Berthold, Felix, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, Monique, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, Coomes, David, Coppi, Andrea, Bastias, Cristina C., Muhie Dawud, Seid, De Wandeler, Hans, Domisch, Timo, Finér, Leena, Gessler, Arthur, Granier, André, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Jactel, Hervé, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, François-Xavier, Jucker, Tommaso, Koricheva, Julia, Milligan, Harriet, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Pollastrini, Martina, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares, Fernando, Vesterdal, Lars, Zielínski, Dawid, Fischer, Markus, Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Bouriaud, Olivier [0000-0002-8046-466X], Nguyen, Diem [0000-0002-9680-5772], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Bern, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), University of Oxford [Oxford], Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université de Liège, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Institut fédéral de recherches WSL, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universität Leipzig, University of Oxford, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum - BiK-F (GERMANY), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg - MLU (GERMANY), Universidad de Alcalá - UAH (SPAIN), Université de Bordeaux 1 (FRANCE), University of Cambridge (UNITED KINGDOM), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos - URJC (SPAIN), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava - USU (ROMANIA), Université de Liège (BELGIUM), Royal Holloway University of London - RHUL (UNITED KINGDOM), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research - iDiv (GERMANY), Los Alamos National Laboratory - LANL (USA), Universität Leipzig (GERMANY), Luonnonvarakeskus - LUKE (FINLAND), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (SPAIN), Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet - SLU (SWEDEN), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), Universiteit Gent - UGENT (BELGIUM), University of Bern (SWITZERLAND), Københavns Universitet - KU (DENMARK), Università degli Studi di Firenze (ITALY), Universität Freiburg (GERMANY), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - KU LEUVEN (BELGIUM), Université de Lorraine (FRANCE), University of Oxford (UNITED KINGDOM), Uniwersytet Warszawski - UW (POLAND), Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés - BIOGECO (Bordeaux, France), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières - EEF (Champenoux, France), Dynamiques et Ecologie des Paysages Agriforestiers - DYNAFOR (Castanet-Tolosan, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Biodiversity, SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS, General Physics and Astronomy, 580 Plants (Botany), Forests, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, biodiversité, Trees, CARBON, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Multidisciplinary, CHALLENGES, Ecology, SPECIES RICHNESS, STATISTICAL INEVITABILITY, Europe, Biological sciences, Ecosystèmes, Multifunctionality, Biodiversité, Science, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, écosystème, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Environmental science, multifonctionalité, Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Sylviculture, foresterie, Species Specificity, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, PLANT DIVERSITY, Mechanism (biology), Environmental and Society, CURRENT KNOWLEDGE, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, SERVICES, Models, Theoretical, EXTRACTION METHOD, NITROGEN, Medio Ambiente, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Chemistry (all), Physics and Astronomy (all), Complementarity (molecular biology), Earth and Environmental Sciences, Spatial ecology, Species richness, Environnement et Société
Abstract

Fons van der Plas [et al.].- Received 8 September 2015, Accepted 19 February 2016, Published 24 March 2016, There is considerable evidence that biodiversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality), thus ensuring the delivery of ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood, especially in natural ecosystems. We develop a novel approach to partition biodiversity effects on multifunctionality into three mechanisms and apply this to European forest data. We show that throughout Europe, tree diversity is positively related with multifunctionality when moderate levels of functioning are required, but negatively when very high function levels are desired. For two well-known mechanisms, ‘complementarity’ and ‘selection’, we detect only minor effects on multifunctionality. Instead a third, so far overlooked mechanism, the ‘jack-of-all-trades’ effect, caused by the averaging of individual species effects on function, drives observed patterns. Simulations demonstrate that jack-of-all-trades effects occur whenever species effects on different functions are not perfectly correlated, meaning they may contribute to diversity–multifunctionality relationships in many of the world’s ecosystems.

Published
2016

12. Biotic predictors complement models of bat and bird responses to climate and tree diversity in European forests.

Author

Vialatte, Aude, Deconchat, Marc, Barbaro, Luc, van der Plas, Fons, Kerbiriou, Christian, Le Viol, Isabelle, Allan, Eric, Ampoorter, Evy, De Smedt, Pallieter, Verheyen, Kris, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, Jactel, Hervé, De Wandeler, Hans, Muys, Bart, Milligan, Harriet T., Koricheva, Julia, Carnol, Monique, and Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael

Subjects
BIODIVERSITY, SPIDERS, BATS, BIRDS, UNGULATES
Abstract

Bats and birds are key providers of ecosystem services in forests. How climate and habitat jointly shape their communities is well studied, but whether biotic predictors from other trophic levels may improve bird and bat diversity models is less known, especially across large bioclimatic gradients. Here, we achieved multi-taxa surveys in 209 mature forests replicated in six European countries from Spain to Finland, to investigate the importance of biotic predictors (i.e. the abundance or activity of defoliating insects, spiders, earthworms and wild ungulates) for bat and bird taxonomic and functional diversity. We found that nine out of 12 bird and bat diversity metrics were best explained when biotic factors were added to models including climate and habitat variables, with a mean gain in explained variance of 38% for birds and 15% for bats. Tree functional diversity was the most important habitat predictor for birds, while bats responded more to understorey structure. The best biotic predictors for birds were spider abundance and defoliating insect activity, while only bat functional evenness responded positively to insect herbivory. Accounting for potential biotic interactions between bats, birds and other taxa of lower trophic levels will help to understand how environmental changes along large biogeographical gradients affect higher-level predator diversity in forest ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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15. A novel comparative research platform designed to determine the functional significance of tree species diversity in European forests

Author

Baeten, Lander, primary, Verheyen, Kris, additional, Wirth, Christian, additional, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, Bussotti, Filippo, additional, Finér, Leena, additional, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, additional, Selvi, Federico, additional, Valladares, Fernando, additional, Allan, Eric, additional, Ampoorter, Evy, additional, Auge, Harald, additional, Avăcăriei, Daniel, additional, Barbaro, Luc, additional, Bărnoaiea, Ionu, additional, Bastias, Cristina C., additional, Bauhus, Jürgen, additional, Beinhoff, Carsten, additional, Benavides, Raquel, additional, Benneter, Adam, additional, Berger, Sigrid, additional, Berthold, Felix, additional, Boberg, Johanna, additional, Bonal, Damien, additional, Brüggemann, Wolfgang, additional, Carnol, Monique, additional, Castagneyrol, Bastien, additional, Charbonnier, Yohan, additional, Chećko, Ewa, additional, Coomes, David, additional, Coppi, Andrea, additional, Dalmaris, Eleftheria, additional, Dănilă, Gabriel, additional, Dawud, Seid M., additional, de Vries, Wim, additional, De Wandeler, Hans, additional, Deconchat, Marc, additional, Domisch, Timo, additional, Duduman, Gabriel, additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, Fotelli, Mariangela, additional, Gessler, Arthur, additional, Gimeno, Teresa E., additional, Granier, André, additional, Grossiord, Charlotte, additional, Guyot, Virginie, additional, Hantsch, Lydia, additional, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, additional, Hector, Andy, additional, Hermy, Martin, additional, Holland, Vera, additional, Jactel, Hervé, additional, Joly, François-Xavier, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Kolb, Simon, additional, Koricheva, Julia, additional, Lexer, Manfred J., additional, Liebergesell, Mario, additional, Milligan, Harriet, additional, Müller, Sandra, additional, Muys, Bart, additional, Nguyen, Diem, additional, Nichiforel, Liviu, additional, Pollastrini, Martina, additional, Proulx, Raphael, additional, Rabasa, Sonia, additional, Radoglou, Kalliopi, additional, Ratcliffe, Sophia, additional, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, additional, Seiferling, Ian, additional, Stenlid, Jan, additional, Vesterdal, Lars, additional, von Wilpert, Klaus, additional, Zavala, Miguel A., additional, Zielinski, Dawid, additional, and Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, additional

Published
2013
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16. Biotic predictors complement models of bat and bird responses to climate and tree diversity in European forests

Author

Barbaro, Luc, Allan, Eric, Ampoorter, Evy, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, De Wandeler, Hans, Kerbiriou, Christian, Milligan, Harriet T., Vialatte, Aude, Carnol, Monique, Deconchat, Marc, De Smedt, Pallieter, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Le Viol, Isabelle, Muys, Bart, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, and Van Der Plas, Fons

Subjects
13. Climate action, 15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

Bats and birds are key providers of ecosystem services in forests. How climate and habitat jointly shape their communities is well studied, but whether biotic predictors from other trophic levels may improve bird and bat diversity models is less known, especially across large bioclimatic gradients. Here, we achieved multi-taxa surveys in 209 mature forests replicated in six European countries from Spain to Finland, to investigate the importance of biotic predictors (i.e. the abundance or activity of defoliating insects, spiders, earthworms and wild ungulates) for bat and bird taxonomic and functional diversity. We found that nine out of 12 bird and bat diversity metrics were best explained when biotic factors were added to models including climate and habitat variables, with a mean gain in explained variance of 38% for birds and 15% for bats. Tree functional diversity was the most important habitat predictor for birds, while bats responded more to understorey structure. The best biotic predictors for birds were spider abundance and defoliating insect activity, while only bat functional evenness responded positively to insect herbivory. Accounting for potential biotic interactions between bats, birds and other taxa of lower trophic levels will help to understand how environmental changes along large biogeographical gradients affect higher-level predator diversity in forest ecosystems.

17. A novel comparative research platform designed to determine the functional significance of tree species diversity in European forests

Author

Charbonnier, Yohan, Pollastrini, Martina, Holland, Vera, Braggernann, Wolfgang, Valladaresh, Fernando, Koricheva, Julia, Joly, Francois-Xavier, Radoglou, Kalliopi, Nichiforel, Liviu, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Granier, Andre, Selvi, Federico, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Deconchat, Marc, Barnoaiea, Ionu, Danila, Gabriel, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Dalmaris, Eleftheria, Guyot, Virginie, Grossiord, Charlotte, Hector, Andy, Milligan, Harriet, Ampoorter, Evy, Proulx, Raphael, Baeten, Lander, Bonal, Damien, Auge, Harald, Mueller, Sandra, Avacariei, Daniel, Fotelli, Mariangela, Wirth, Christian, Coomess, David, Vesterdal, Lars, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Muys, Bart, De Vries, Wim, Jactel, Herve, Bastias, Cristina C., Finer, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Bussotti, Filippo, Kolb, Simon, Domisch, Timo, Duduman, Gabriel, Gimeno, Teresa E., De Wandeler, Hans, Bauhus, Jurgen, Von Wilpert, Klaus, Benavides, Raquel, Gessler, Arthur, Jucker, Tommaso, Haettenschwiler, Stephan, Berthold, Felix, Dawud, Seid M., Bruelheide, Helge, Berger, Sigrid, Liebergesell, Mario, Beinhoff, Carsten, Zielinski, Dawid, Verheyen, Kris, Coppi, Andrea, Hermy, Martin, Allan, Eric, Boberg, Johanna, Rabasa, Sonia, Benneter, Adam, Zavala, Miguel A., Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Carnol, Monique, Seiferling, Ian, Stenlid, Jan, Nguyen, Diem, Lexer, Manfred J., Hantsch, Lydia, Checko, Ewa, and Barbaro, Luc

Subjects
15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

One of the current advances in functional biodiversity research is the move away from short-lived test systems towards the exploration of diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in structurally more complex ecosystems. In forests, assumptions about the functional significance of tree species diversity have only recently produced a new generation of research on ecosystem processes and services. Novel experimental designs have now replaced traditional forestry trials, but these comparatively young experimental plots suffer from specific difficulties that are mainly related to the tree size and longevity. Tree species diversity experiments therefore need to be complemented with comparative observational studies in existing forests. Here we present the design and implementation of a new network of forest plots along tree species diversity gradients in six major European forest types: the FunDivEUROPE Exploratory Platform. Based on a review of the deficiencies of existing observational approaches and of unresolved research questions and hypotheses, we discuss the fundamental criteria that shaped the design of our platform. Key features include the extent of the species diversity gradient with mixtures up to five species, strict avoidance of a dilution gradient, special attention to community evenness and minimal covariation with other environmental factors. The new European research platform permits the most comprehensive assessment of tree species diversity effects on forest ecosystem functioning to date since it offers a common set of research plots to groups of researchers from very different disciplines and uses the same methodological approach in contrasting forest types along an extensive environmental gradient. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

18. Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multifunctionality

Author

Van Der Plas, Fons, Manning, Pete, Soliveres, Santiago, Allan, Eric, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel A, Ampoorter, Evy, Baeten, Lander, Barbaro, Luc, Bauhus, Jürgen, Benavides, Raquel, Benneter, Adam, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, Monique, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, Coomes, David Anthony, Coppi, Andrea, Bastias, Cristina C, Dawud, Seid Muhie, De Wandeler, Hans, Domisch, Timo, Finér, Leena, Gessler, Arthur, Granier, André, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Jactel, Hervé, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, François-Xavier, Jucker, Tommaso, Koricheva, Julia, Milligan, Harriet, Mueller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Pollastrini, Martina, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares, Fernando, Vesterdal, Lars, Zielínski, Dawid, and Fischer, Markus

Subjects
spatial scale, Databases, Factual, FunDivEUROPE, Forestry, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Forests, Models, Biological, Trees, Europe, β-diversity, ecosystem functioning, Computer Simulation, Ecosystem
Abstract

Many experiments have shown that local biodiversity loss impairs the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple ecosystem functions at high levels (multifunctionality). In contrast, the role of biodiversity in driving ecosystem multifunctionality at landscape scales remains unresolved. We used a comprehensive pan-European dataset, including 16 ecosystem functions measured in 209 forest plots across six European countries, and performed simulations to investigate how local plot-scale richness of tree species (α-diversity) and their turnover between plots (β-diversity) are related to landscape-scale multifunctionality. After accounting for variation in environmental conditions, we found that relationships between α-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality varied from positive to negative depending on the multifunctionality metric used. In contrast, when significant, relationships between β-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality were always positive, because a high spatial turnover in species composition was closely related to a high spatial turnover in functions that were supported at high levels. Our findings have major implications for forest management and indicate that biotic homogenization can have previously unrecognized and negative consequences for large-scale ecosystem multifunctionality.

19. Jack-of-all-trades effects drive biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in European forests

Author

Milligan, Harriet, Gessler, Arthur, Baeten, Lander, Ampoorter, Evy, Fischer, Markus, Bruelheide, Helge, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Manning, Peter, Bouriaud, Olivier, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Charbonnier, Yohan, Benneter, Adam, Joly, François-Xavier, Guyot, Virginie, Jactel, Hervé, Zavala, Miguel A., Zielínski, Dawid, Coppi, Andrea, Valladares, Fernando, De Wandeler, Hans, Finér, Leena, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Grossiord, Charlotte, Bastias, Cristina C., Carnol, Monique, Bonal, Damien, Koricheva, Julia, Coomes, David, Benavides, Raquel, Wirth, Christian, Verheyen, Kris, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Muhie Dawud, Seid, Barbaro, Luc, Bauhus, Jürgen, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Jucker, Tommaso, Müller, Sandra, Selvi, Federico, Van Der Plas, Fons, Granier, André, Nguyen, Diem, Muys, Bart, Berthold, Felix, Bussotti, Filippo, Allan, Eric, Domisch, Timo, Hector, Andy, Vesterdal, Lars, Pollastrini, Martina, and Stenlid, Jan

Subjects
15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

There is considerable evidence that biodiversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality), thus ensuring the delivery of ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood, especially in natural ecosystems. We develop a novel approach to partition biodiversity effects on multifunctionality into three mechanisms and apply this to European forest data. We show that throughout Europe, tree diversity is positively related with multifunctionality when moderate levels of functioning are required, but negatively when very high function levels are desired. For two well-known mechanisms, ‘complementarity’ and ‘selection’, we detect only minor effects on multifunctionality. Instead a third, so far overlooked mechanism, the ‘jack-of-all-trades’ effect, caused by the averaging of individual species effects on function, drives observed patterns. Simulations demonstrate that jack-of-all-trades effects occur whenever species effects on different functions are not perfectly correlated, meaning they may contribute to diversity–multifunctionality relationships in many of the world’s ecosystems.

20. Identifying the tree species compositions that maximize ecosystem functioning in European forests

Author

Baeten, Lander, Bruelheide, Helge, Van Der Plas, Fons, Kambach, Stephan, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Jucker, Tommaso, Allan, Eric, Ampoorter, Evy, Barbaro, Luc, Bastias, Cristina C, Bauhus, Jürgen, Benavides, Raquel, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, Monique, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, Chećko, Ewa, Coomes, David A, Dahlgren, Jonas, Dawud, Seid Muhie, De Wandeler, Hans, Domisch, Timo, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fotelli, Mariangela, Gessler, Arthur, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Jactel, Hervé, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, François-Xavier, Koricheva, Julia, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Pollastrini, Martina, Radoglou, Kalliopi, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares, Fernando, Vesterdal, Lars, Verheyen, Kris, Wirth, Christian, Zavala Miguel, A, and Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael

Subjects
15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

1. Forest ecosystem functioning generally benefits from higher tree species richness, but variation within richness levels is typically large. This is mostly due to the contrasting performances of communities with different compositions. Evidence‐based understanding of composition effects on forest productivity, as well as on multiple other functions will enable forest managers to focus on the selection of species that maximize functioning, rather than with diversity per se. 2. We used a dataset of thirty ecosystem functions measured in stands with different species richness and composition in six European forest types. First, we quantified whether the compositions that maximize annual aboveground wood production (productivity) generally also fulfill the multiple other ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). Then, we quantified the species identity effects and strength of interspecific interactions to identify the ‘best’ and ‘worst’ species composition for multifunctionality. Finally, we evaluated the real‐world frequency of occurrence of best and worst mixtures, using harmonized data from multiple national forest inventories. 3. The most productive tree species combinations also tended to express relatively high multifunctionality, although we found a relatively wide range of compositions with high or low average multifunctionality for the same level of productivity. Monocultures were distributed among the highest as well as the lowest performing compositions. The variation in functioning between compositions was generally driven by differences in the performance of the component species and, to a lesser extent, by particular interspecific interactions. Finally, we found that the most frequent species compositions in inventory data were monospecific stands and that the most common compositions showed below‐average multifunctionality and productivity. 4Synthesis and applications. Species identity and composition effects are essential to the development of high‐performing production systems, for instance in forestry and agriculture. They therefore deserve great attention in the analysis and design of functional biodiversity studies if the aim is to inform ecosystem management. A management focus on tree productivity does not necessarily trade‐off against other ecosystem functions; high productivity and multifunctionality can be combined with an informed selection of tree species and species combinations.

21. Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multifunctionality

Author

Guyot, Virginie, Selvi, Federico, Manning, Pete, Carnol, Monique, Van Der Plas, Fons, Coomes, David Anthony, Nguyen, Diem, Grossiord, Charlotte, Ampoorter, Evy, Soliveres, Santiago, Muys, Bart, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Bruelheide, Helge, Dawud, Seid Muhie, De Wandeler, Hans, Baeten, Lander, Benavides, Raquel, Bonal, Damien, Vesterdal, Lars, Benneter, Adam, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Stenlid, Jan, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Allan, Eric, Granier, André, Koricheva, Julia, Verheyen, Kris, Fischer, Markus, Charbonnier, Yohan, Wirth, Christian, Domisch, Timo, Bauhus, Jürgen, Zavala, Miguel A., Milligan, Harriet, Zielínski, Dawid, Jactel, Hervé, Pollastrini, Martina, Gessler, Arthur, Bussotti, Filippo, Valladares, Fernando, Bouriaud, Olivier, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Mueller, Sandra, Joly, François-Xavier, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Barbaro, Luc, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Finér, Leena, Coppi, Andrea, and Bestias, Cristina C.

Subjects
15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

Many experiments have shown that local biodiversity loss impairs the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple ecosystem functions at high levels (multifunctionality). In contrast, the role of biodiversity in driving ecosystem multifunctionality at landscape scales remains unresolved. We used a comprehensive pan-European dataset, including 16 ecosystem functions measured in 209 forest plots across six European countries, and performed simulations to investigate how local plot-scale richness of tree species (α-diversity) and their turnover between plots (β-diversity) are related to landscape-scale multifunctionality. After accounting for variation in environmental conditions, we found that relationships between α-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality varied from positive to negative depending on the multifunctionality metric used. In contrast, when significant, relationships between β-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality were always positive, because a high spatial turnover in species composition was closely related to a high spatial turnover in functions that were supported at high levels. Our findings have major implications for forest management and indicate that biotic homogenization can have previously unrecognized and negative consequences for large-scale ecosystem multifunctionality.

22. Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality

Author

Van Der Plas, Fons, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Wirth, Christian, Zavala, Miguel A., Ampoorter, Evy, Baeten, Lander, Barbaro, Luc, Bastias, Cristina C., Bauhus, Jürgen, Benavides, Raquel, Benneter, Adam, Bonal, Damien, Bouriaud, Olivier, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Carnol, Monique, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Charbonnier, Yohan, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dahlgren, Jonas, Checko, Ewa, Coppi, Andrea, Dawud, Seid Muhie, Deconchat, Marc, De Smedt, Pallieter, De Wandeler, Hans, Domisch, Timo, Finér, Leena, Fotelli, Mariangela, Gessler, Arthur, Granier, André, Grossiord, Charlotte, Guyot, Virginie, Haase, Josephine, Hättenschwiler, Stephan, Jactel, Hervé, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Joly, François-Xavier, Jucker, Tommaso, Kambach, Stephan, Kaendler, Gerald, Kattge, Jens, Koricheva, Julia, Kunstler, Georges, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Liebergesell, Mario, Manning, Peter, Milligan, Harriet, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nguyen, Diem, Nock, Charles, Ohse, Bettina, Paquette, Alain, Peñuelas, Josep, Pollastrini, Martina, Radoglou, Kalliopi, Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, Roger, Fabian, Seidl, Rupert, Selvi, Federico, Stenlid, Jan, Valladares, Fernando, Van Keer, Johan, Vesterdal, Lars, Fischer, Markus, Gamfeldt, Lars, and Allan, Eric

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 15. Life on land, 580 Plants (Botany)
Abstract

Humans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade-offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between various ecosystem multifunctionality measures across Europe. These multifunctionality measures reflected different management objectives, related to timber production, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation/recreation. We found that trade-offs among them were rare across Europe, at both local and continental scales. This suggests a high potential for ‘win-win’ forest management strategies, where overall multifunctionality is maximised. However, across sites, multifunctionality was on average 45.8-49.8 below maximum levels and not necessarily highest in protected areas. Therefore, using one of the most comprehensive assessments so far, our study suggests a high but largely unrealised potential for management to promote multifunctional forests.

23. Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality.

Author

van der Plas F, Ratcliffe S, Ruiz-Benito P, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Verheyen K, Wirth C, Zavala MA, Ampoorter E, Baeten L, Barbaro L, Bastias CC, Bauhus J, Benavides R, Benneter A, Bonal D, Bouriaud O, Bruelheide H, Bussotti F, Carnol M, Castagneyrol B, Charbonnier Y, Cornelissen JHC, Dahlgren J, Checko E, Coppi A, Dawud SM, Deconchat M, De Smedt P, De Wandeler H, Domisch T, Finér L, Fotelli M, Gessler A, Granier A, Grossiord C, Guyot V, Haase J, Hättenschwiler S, Jactel H, Jaroszewicz B, Joly FX, Jucker T, Kambach S, Kaendler G, Kattge J, Koricheva J, Kunstler G, Lehtonen A, Liebergesell M, Manning P, Milligan H, Müller S, Muys B, Nguyen D, Nock C, Ohse B, Paquette A, Peñuelas J, Pollastrini M, Radoglou K, Raulund-Rasmussen K, Roger F, Seidl R, Selvi F, Stenlid J, Valladares F, van Keer J, Vesterdal L, Fischer M, Gamfeldt L, and Allan E

Subjects
Climate, Europe, Humans, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Forests
Abstract

Humans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade-offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between various ecosystem multifunctionality measures across Europe. These multifunctionality measures reflected different management objectives, related to timber production, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation/recreation. We found that trade-offs among them were rare across Europe, at both local and continental scales. This suggests a high potential for 'win-win' forest management strategies, where overall multifunctionality is maximised. However, across sites, multifunctionality was on average 45.8-49.8% below maximum levels and not necessarily highest in protected areas. Therefore, using one of the most comprehensive assessments so far, our study suggests a high but largely unrealised potential for management to promote multifunctional forests., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.)

Published
2018
Full Text
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24. Jack-of-all-trades effects drive biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in European forests.

Author

van der Plas F, Manning P, Allan E, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Verheyen K, Wirth C, Zavala MA, Hector A, Ampoorter E, Baeten L, Barbaro L, Bauhus J, Benavides R, Benneter A, Berthold F, Bonal D, Bouriaud O, Bruelheide H, Bussotti F, Carnol M, Castagneyrol B, Charbonnier Y, Coomes D, Coppi A, Bastias CC, Muhie Dawud S, De Wandeler H, Domisch T, Finér L, Gessler A, Granier A, Grossiord C, Guyot V, Hättenschwiler S, Jactel H, Jaroszewicz B, Joly FX, Jucker T, Koricheva J, Milligan H, Müller S, Muys B, Nguyen D, Pollastrini M, Raulund-Rasmussen K, Selvi F, Stenlid J, Valladares F, Vesterdal L, Zielínski D, and Fischer M

Subjects
Europe, Models, Theoretical, Species Specificity, Trees physiology, Biodiversity, Forests
Abstract

There is considerable evidence that biodiversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality), thus ensuring the delivery of ecosystem services important for human well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood, especially in natural ecosystems. We develop a novel approach to partition biodiversity effects on multifunctionality into three mechanisms and apply this to European forest data. We show that throughout Europe, tree diversity is positively related with multifunctionality when moderate levels of functioning are required, but negatively when very high function levels are desired. For two well-known mechanisms, 'complementarity' and 'selection', we detect only minor effects on multifunctionality. Instead a third, so far overlooked mechanism, the 'jack-of-all-trades' effect, caused by the averaging of individual species effects on function, drives observed patterns. Simulations demonstrate that jack-of-all-trades effects occur whenever species effects on different functions are not perfectly correlated, meaning they may contribute to diversity-multifunctionality relationships in many of the world's ecosystems.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

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