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Objective: In the previous decade, several reports have been published regarding implants inserted in autografts, but none have analyzed implants inserted in fresh-frozen bone allografts. Thus, a retrospective study was planned to verify if 4-months' delay from grafting to implant insertion is a safe period before prosthetic rehabilitation of implants placed in fresh-frozen bone allografts. Method and Materials: Between December 2003 and December 2006, 22 patients (10 women and 12 men with a median age of 51 years) underwent grafting with horizontal augmentation without membrane and 88 implants inserted thereafter. The mean implant follow-up was 27 months. Implants used were 30 double etched (3i, Osseotite, Biomet), 10 SLA1 (Astratech), 26 anodic oxidized (Nobel Biocare), 12 CaPO4 ceramic-blasted (Lifecore Biomedical), 7 SLA2 (Sweden & Martina Spa), 2 ITI (Straumann), and 1 Biotec (Povolaro di Dueville). Implant diameter and length ranged from 3.25 to 5.0 mm and from 8.0 to 15.0 mm, respectively. Implants were inserted to replace 10 incisors, 7 canines, 36 premolars, and 35 molars. Results: No implants were lost (ie, survival rate = 100%). No difference was detected when comparing implants loaded after 4 months versus those loaded after 6 or more months (209 implants). Conclusion: Four-months' delay from grafting to implant insertion is a safe period to obtain a high survival rate and success rate for implants inserted in fresh-frozen bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO No Brasil colonial, apesar de intensa atividade mineira na busca de ouro e diamantes, não houve práticas geocientíficas relevantes. No século XIX ocorreram diversas explorações geológicas, das quais resultou uma vasta contribuição escrita. Além disso foram criadas importantes instituições, como o Observatório Nacional, o Serviço Meteorológico, o Observatório Magnético de Vassouras e a Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto em 1876. O ensino formal de Geociências no Brasil foi iniciado apenas em 1957, com a Campanha de Formação de Geólogos (CAGE), que criou e forneceu recursos materiais e humanos para quatro cursos de graduação em Geologia. Na Meteorologia a graduação se iniciou em 1963, na Oceanografia em 1971, e na Geofísica em 1983. Atualmente, 47 universidades brasileiras oferecem 71 cursos de graduação nas Geociências. Há 33 cursos de Geologia, três de Engenharia Geológica, 14 de Meteorologia, 13 de Oceanografia e 8 de Geofísica. Há no Brasil 57 programas de pós-graduação em Geociências, 13 dos quais considerados de excelência, indicando que a situação atual da área é de consolidação e maturidade. Geólogos e geofísicos foram absorvidos, em sua maioria, pelas atividades de mapeamento geológico, exploração mineral e de petróleo. Meteorologistas dedicaram-se ao monitoramento meteorológico e climático, e também a projetos de energia hidroelétrica, eólica e solar. Na Oceanografia, os formados atuaram em órgãos relacionados com ambiente, agricultura e no Ministério da Marinha. Quanto à pesquisa, as ciências atmosféricas e oceanográficas são de grande relevância global, no estudo das mudanças climáticas e o aquecimento global. Por sua vez, o maior desafio de geólogos e geofísicos é o de melhorar do conhecimento do território brasileiro, na escala local ou regional.

Non-cystic white matter (WM) injury has become prevalent among preterm newborns and is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Magnetic resonance is the gold-standard for diagnosis; however, cranial ultrasound (CUS) is more easily available but limited by subjective interpretation of images. To overcome this problem, we enrolled in a prospective observational study, patients with gestational age at birth < 32 weeks with normal CUS scans or grade 1 WM injury. Patients underwent CUS examinations at 0-7 days of life (T 0 ), 14-35 days of life (T 1 ), 37 0/7 -41 6/7  weeks' postmenstrual age (T 2 ), and 42 0/7 -52 0/7  weeks' postmenstrual age (T 3 ). The echogenicity of parieto-occipital periventricular WM relative to that of homolateral choroid plexus (RE CP ) was calculated on parasagittal scans by means of pixel brightness intensity and its relationship with Bayley-III assessment at 12 months' corrected age was evaluated. We demonstrated that: (1) Left RE CP values at T 1 negatively correlated with cognitive composite scores; (2) Right RE CP values at T 2 and T 3 negatively correlated with language composite scores; (3) Left RE CP values at T 1 and T 2 negatively correlated with motor composite scores. Thus, this technique may be used as screening method to early identify patients at risk of neurodevelopmental issues and promptly initiate preventive and therapeutic interventions., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

The handling of data on food contamination frequently represents a challenge because these are often left-censored, being composed of both positive and non-detected values. The latter observations are not quantified and provide only the information that they are below a laboratory-specific threshold value. Besides deterministic approaches, which simplify the treatment through the substitution of non-detected values with fixed threshold or null values, a growing interest has been shown in the application of stochastic approaches to the treatment of unquantified values. In this study, a multiple imputation procedure was applied in order to analyze contamination data on deoxynivalenol, a mycotoxin that may be present in pasta and pasta substitute products. An application of the proposed technique to censored deoxynivalenol occurrence data is presented. The results were compared to those attained using deterministic techniques (substitution methods). In this context, the stochastic approach seemed to provide a more accurate, unbiased and realistic solution to the problem of left-censored occurrence data. The complete sample of values could then be used to estimate the exposure of the general population to deoxynivalenol based on consumption data.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary metabolites produced by over 6000 plant species worldwide. PAs enter the food chain through accidental co-harvesting of PA-containing weeds and through soil transfer from the living plant to surrounding acceptor plants. In animal studies, 1,2-unsaturated PAs have proven to be genotoxic carcinogens. According to the scientific opinion expressed by the 2017 EFSA, the foods with the highest levels of PA contamination were honey, tea, herbal infusions, and food supplements. Following the EFSA's recommendations, data on the presence of PAs in relevant food were monitored and collected. On 1 July 2022, the Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/2040 came into force, repealed by Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915, setting maximum levels for the sum of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in certain food. A total of 602 food samples were collected from the Italian market between 2019 and 2022 and were classified as honey, pollen, dried tea, dried herbal infusions, dried herbs, and fresh borage leaves. The food samples were analyzed for their PA content via an in-house LC-MS/MS method that can detect PAs according to Regulation 2023/915. Overall, 42% of the analyzed samples were PA-contaminated, 14% exceeded the EU limits, and the items most frequently contaminated included dried herbs and tea. In conclusion, the number of food items containing considerable amounts of PAs may cause concern because they may contribute to human exposure, especially considering vulnerable populations-most importantly, children and pregnant women.