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1. Longitudinal serological and virological survey of hepatitis E virus in wild boar (Sus scrofa majori, Maremman wild boar) and fallow deer (Dama dama) populations in a protected area of Central Italy

Author

De Sabato Luca, Domanico Mariagiovanna, De Santis Paola, Cecca Daniele, Bonella Giulia, Mastrandrea Giovanni, Onorati Roberta, Sorbara Luigi, Varcasia Bianca Maria, Franzetti Barbara, Caprioli Andrea, Battisti Antonio, Ostanello Fabio, and Di Bartolo Ilaria

Subjects
hepatitis E, wild boar (Sus scrofa), fallow deer (Dama dama), infection, genotypes, HEV-3, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is recognized as an emerging zoonosis. Pigs and wild boars are considered the main reservoirs of zoonotic HEV-3 and HEV-4 genotypes. In Europe, autochthonous human cases of hepatitis E, mainly associated with HEV-3 and consumption of raw or undercooked pig and wild boar liver/meat, have increased over the last decades. From 2016 to 2024, during several hunting seasons, we conducted a molecular and serological longitudinal survey on the circulation of HEV in Maremman wild boar (Italian subspecies/ecotype, Sus scrofa majori) and fallow deer (Dama dama) populations in a protected area in Central Italy. During the study period, 346 livers (256 from wild boar, 90 from fallow deer), 161 serum (127 from wild boar, 34 from fallow deer), and 23 meat juice (11 from wild boar, 12 from fallow deer) samples were collected. Serum and meat juice samples were tested using a commercial ELISA test for the detection of total anti-HEV antibodies. An estimated serological prevalence of 28.3% (39/138) in wild boar and 21.7% (10/46) in fallow deer was found. The 346 liver samples were tested using a HEV Real-Time RT-PCR for the detection of HEV-RNA. Thirty-one wild boar (12%) and four fallow deer (4.4%) livers were found positive. Phylogenetic analysis of 11 partial ORF2 sequences from wild boar confirmed the HEV3 heterogeneity in this species, revealing different strains (3f, 3c) circulating over the years. The detected subtypes are among the most commonly detected in Italy and our strains showed a high correlation with human and wild boar Italian strains. Although the studied area is a fenced natural reserve, the presence of different strains over time suggests the probable virus introduction from the external. Our results confirm fallow deer susceptibility to the infection, and that wild boar could be considered the main wild HEV reservoir. This is also the first study demonstrating the infection in the so-called Italian subspecies/ecotype Maremman wild boar. Moreover, our results corroborate that the consumption of undercooked or raw liver from both wild boar and fallow deer, or the direct contact with these animals, could represent a zoonotic risk.

Published
2024
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9. A Familiar Outbreak of Monophasic Salmonella serovar Typhimurium (ST34) Involving Three Dogs and Their Owner’s Children

Author

Russini, Valeria, primary, Corradini, Carlo, additional, Rasile, Emilia, additional, Terracciano, Giuliana, additional, Senese, Matteo, additional, Bellagamba, Federica, additional, Amoruso, Roberta, additional, Bottoni, Francesco, additional, De Santis, Paola, additional, Bilei, Stefano, additional, De Marchis, Maria Laura, additional, and Bossù, Teresa, additional

Published
2022
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14. A Global Perspective of the Richness and Evenness of Traditional Crop-Variety Diversity Maintained by Farming Communities

Author

Jarvis, Devra I., Brown, Anthony H. D., Cuong, Pham Hung, Collado-Panduro, Luis, Latournerie-Moreno, Luis, Gyawali, Sanjaya, Tanto, Tesema, Sawadogo, Mahamadou, Mar, Istvan, Sadiki, Mohammed, Hue, Nguyen Thi-Ngoc, Arias-Reyes, Luis, Balma, Didier, Bajracharya, Jwala, Castillo, Fernando, Rijal, Deepak, Belqadi, Loubna, Rana, Ram, Saidi, Seddik, Ouedraogo, Jeremy, Zangre, Roger, Rhrib, Keltoum, Chavez, Jose Luis, Schoen, Daniel, Sthapit, Bhuwon, De Santis, Paola, Fadda, Carlo, and Hodgkin, Toby

Published
2008
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16. A Network-Based Method to Detect Patterns of Local Crop Biodiversity

Author

Thomas, Mathieu, primary, Verzelen, Nicolas, additional, Barbillon, Pierre, additional, Coomes, Oliver T., additional, Caillon, Sophie, additional, McKey, Doyle, additional, Elias, Marianne, additional, Garine, Eric, additional, Raimond, Christine, additional, Dounias, Edmond, additional, Jarvis, Devra, additional, Wencélius, Jean, additional, Leclerc, Christian, additional, Labeyrie, Vanesse, additional, Cuong, Pham Hung, additional, Hue, Nguyen Thi Ngoc, additional, Sthapit, Bhuwon, additional, Rana, Ram Bahadur, additional, Barnaud, Adeline, additional, Violon, Chloé, additional, Reyes, Luis Manuel Arias, additional, Moreno, Luis Latournerie, additional, De Santis, Paola, additional, and Massol, François, additional

Published
2015
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19. Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review

Author

Pautasso, Marco, Aistara, Guntra, Barnaud, Adeline, Caillon, Sophie, Clouvel, Pascal, Coomes, Oliver T., Delêtre, Marc, Demeulenaere, Elise, De Santis, Paola, Döring, Thomas, Eloy, Ludivine, Emperaire, Laure, Garine, Eric, Goldringer, Isabelle, Jarvis, Devra, Joly, Hélène I., Leclerc, Christian, Louafi, Selim, Martin, Pierre, Massol, François, McGuire, Shawn, McKey, Doyle, Padoch, Christine, Soler, Clélia, Thomas, Mathieu, and Tramontini, Sara

Published
2013
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21. Hepatitis E Virus Occurrence in Pigs Slaughtered in Italy

Author

Chelli, Eleonora, primary, Suffredini, Elisabetta, additional, De Santis, Paola, additional, De Medici, Dario, additional, Di Bella, Santina, additional, D’Amato, Stefania, additional, Gucciardi, Francesca, additional, Guercio, Annalisa, additional, Ostanello, Fabio, additional, Perrone, Vitantonio, additional, Purpari, Giuseppa, additional, Scavia, Gaia Sofia, additional, Schembri, Pietro, additional, Varcasia, Bianca Maria, additional, and Di Bartolo, Ilaria, additional

Published
2021
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24. Quantification and genetic diversity of Hepatitis E virus in wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted for domestic consumption in Central Italy

Author

Di Pasquale, Simona, primary, De Santis, Paola, additional, La Rosa, Giuseppina, additional, Di Domenico, Kevin, additional, Iaconelli, Marcello, additional, Micarelli, Giuseppe, additional, Martini, Enrica, additional, Bilei, Stefano, additional, De Medici, Dario, additional, and Suffredini, Elisabetta, additional

Published
2019
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26. Detección temprana de resistencia a Mycosphaerella fijiensis en genotipos locales de Musáceas en Ecuador

Author

García, Galo Cedeño, Capello, Carmen Suarez, Coello, Danilo Vera, Fadda, Carlo, Jarvis, Devra, and de Santis, Paola

Subjects
resistance, inoculación, Musa cultivars, inoculation, cultivares de Musa, inoculum, resistencia, inóculo, biodiversidad, biodiversity
Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine resistance reaction of 14 Musa genotypes against Mycosphaerella fijensis, causal agent of Black Sigatoka disease. Two experiments were conducted in laboratory and shadehause at Pichilingue research Station from the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Ecuador. Genotypes considered were: Orito (AA), Guineo de jardín, Williams, Filipino, Gross Mitchel, Mulato and Morado, (AAA); Limeño, Maqueño, Dominico, Dominico-Hartón, Dominico gigante, Dominico negro and Barraganete from the AAB genome. Two inoculation methods were used to asses’ resistance: a) in vitro inoculation over leaf fragments with a conidial suspension, and b) inoculation of eight weeks old seedlings with a mycelial suspension of the fungus. In the first case, the incubation period (IP) and the number of lesions at 14 and 20 days after inoculation (DDI) were measured. For in vitro trial, the incubation period (IP) and the number of leaf lesions 14 and 20 days after inoculation (DDI) were measured, and for seedlings, PI, period of symptoms evolution (TES) and time for disease development (TDE) were recorded. Statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences were found for all variables. Cultivars Orito (AA) and Limeño (AAB) qualify as resistant while all the others were susceptible, though response to inoculation within the latter group showed a range of variability. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la reacción de 14 genotipos de musáceas frente a Mycosphaerella fijensis, agente causal de la Sigatoka negra. Se condujeron dos experimentos en el Departamento de Protección Vegetal de la Estación Experimental Pichilingue del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Ecuador. Los genotipos evaluados fueron: banano Orito (AA), Guineo de jardín, Williams, Filipino, Gros Michel, Mulato y Morado, del genoma (AAA), y los plátanos Limeño, Maqueño, Dominico, Dominico-Hartón, Dominico gigante, Dominico negro y Barraganete, del genoma AAB. Se usaron dos métodos de inoculación: a) in vitro sobre fragmentos de hoja con una suspensión de conidios y b) inoculación de plántulas de ocho semanas de edad con una suspensión micelial. En el primer caso se midió el periodo de incubación (PI) y el número de lesiones a los 14 y 20 días después de la inoculación (DDI). En invernadero, se registró el PI, tiempo de evolución de síntomas (TES) y tiempo de desarrollo de la enfermedad (TDE). Se determinaron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p ≤ 0,05) para todas las variables evaluadas; los cultivares Orito (AA) y Limeño (AAB) calificaron como resistentes, mientras que todos los demás fueron susceptibles, aunque mostraron un rango de variabilidad en la respuesta a las inoculaciones.

Published
2017

28. Detección temprana de resistencia a Mycosphaerella fijiensis en genotipos locales de Musáceas en Ecuador

Author

Cedeño García, Galo, Suarez Capello, Carmen, Vera Coello, Danilo, Fadda, Carlo, Jarvis, Devra, de Santis, Paola, Cedeño García, Galo, Suarez Capello, Carmen, Vera Coello, Danilo, Fadda, Carlo, Jarvis, Devra, and de Santis, Paola

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine resistance reaction of 14 Musa genotypes against Mycosphaerella fijensis, causal agent of Black Sigatoka disease. Two experiments were conducted in laboratory and shadehause at Pichilingue research Station from the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), Ecuador. Genotypes considered were: Orito (AA), Guineo de jardín, Williams, Filipino, Gross Mitchel, Mulato and Morado, (AAA); Limeño, Maqueño, Dominico, Dominico-Hartón, Dominico gigante, Dominico negro and Barraganete from the AAB genome. Two inoculation methods were used to asses’ resistance: a) in vitro inoculation over leaf fragments with a conidial suspension, and b) inoculation of eight weeks old seedlings with a mycelial suspension of the fungus. In the first case, the incubation period (IP) and the number of lesions at 14 and 20 days after inoculation (DDI) were measured. For in vitro trial, the incubation period (IP) and the number of leaf lesions 14 and 20 days after inoculation (DDI) were measured, and for seedlings, PI, period of symptoms evolution (TES) and time for disease development (TDE) were recorded. Statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences were found for all variables. Cultivars Orito (AA) and Limeño (AAB) qualify as resistant while all the others were susceptible, though response to inoculation within the latter group showed a range of variability., El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la reacción de 14 genotipos de musáceas frente a Mycosphaerella fijensis, agente causal de la Sigatoka negra. Se condujeron dos experimentos en el Departamento de Protección Vegetal de la Estación Experimental Pichilingue del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Ecuador. Los genotipos evaluados fueron: banano Orito (AA), Guineo de jardín, Williams, Filipino, Gros Michel, Mulato y Morado, del genoma (AAA), y los plátanos Limeño, Maqueño, Dominico, Dominico-Hartón, Dominico gigante, Dominico negro y Barraganete, del genoma AAB. Se usaron dos métodos de inoculación: a) in vitro sobre fragmentos de hoja con una suspensión de conidios y b) inoculación de plántulas de ocho semanas de edad con una suspensión micelial. En el primer caso se midió el periodo de incubación (PI) y el número de lesiones a los 14 y 20 días después de la inoculación (DDI). En invernadero, se registró el PI, tiempo de evolución de síntomas (TES) y tiempo de desarrollo de la enfermedad (TDE). Se determinaron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p ≤ 0,05) para todas las variables evaluadas; los cultivares Orito (AA) y Limeño (AAB) calificaron como resistentes, mientras que todos los demás fueron susceptibles, aunque mostraron un rango de variabilidad en la respuesta a las inoculaciones.

Published
2017

29. A network-based method to detect patterns of local crop biodiversity: Validation at the species and infra-species levels

Author

Thomas, Mathieu, Verzelen, Nicolas, Barbillon, Pierre, Coomes, Oliver T., Caillon, Sophie, Mckey, Doyle, Elias, Marianne, Garine, Eric, Raimond, Christine, Dounias, Edmond, Jarvis, Devra, Wencélius, Jean, Leclerc, Christian, Labeyrie, Vanesse, Cuong, Pham Hung, Hue, Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Sthapit, Bhuwon, Rana, Ram Bahadur, Barnaud, Adeline, Violon, Chloé, Reyes, Luis Manuel Arias, Moreno, Luis Latournerie, de Santis, Paola, Massol, François, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Geography [Montréal], McGill University, Dynamiques socio-environnementales et gouvernance des ressources (199), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Biologie Intégrative des Populations, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Biodiversity International, Washington State University (WSU), Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative (LESC), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS), MAARD, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), LMI Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux [Dakar] (LAPSE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidad de Los Andes [Venezuela] (ULA), Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal [Yucatán], Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive [CEFE], Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité [CESAB], Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) [GQE-Le Moulon], Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées [MIA-Paris], Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie [MISTEA], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité [ISYEB ], Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique [PRODIG], Washington State University [WSU], Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative [LESC], Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales [UMR AGAP], Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences [VAAS], Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes [UMR DIADE], LMI Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux [Dakar] [LAPSE], Universidad de Los Andes [Mérida, Venezuela] [ULA], Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 [Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Technopôle de l’Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, Partenaires INRAE, Bioversity International [Montpellier], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense, Bioversity International, CGIAR, Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Laboratoire mixte international Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE ), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, and Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], agrobiodiversity, fungi, food and beverages, respiratory system, bipartite networks, seed exchange, human activities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Abstract In this chapter, we develop new indicators and statistical tests to characterize patterns of crop diversity at local scales to better understand interactions between ecological and socio-cultural functions of agroecosystems. Farms, where a large number of crops (species or landraces) is grown, are known to contribute a large part of the locally available diversity of both rare and common crops but the role of farms with low diversity remains little understood: do they grow only common varieties—following a nestedness pattern typical of mutualistic networks in ecology—or do ‘crop–poor’ farmers also grow rare varieties? This question is pivotal in ongoing efforts to assess the local-scale contribution of small farms to global agrobiodiversity. We develop new network-based approaches to characterize the distribution of local crop diversity (species and infra-species) at the village level and to validate these approaches using meta-datasets from 10 countries. Our results highlight the sources of heterogeneity in crop diversity at the village level. We often identify two or more groups of farms based on their different levels of diversity. In some datasets, ‘crop–poor’ farms significantly contribute to the local crop diversity. Generally, we find that the distribution of crop diversity is more heterogeneous at the species than at the infra-species level. This analysis reveals the absence of a general pattern of crop diversity distribution, suggesting strong dependence on local agro-ecological and socio-cultural contexts. These different patterns of crop diversity distribution reflect an heterogeneity in farmers’ self-organized action in cultivating and maintaining local crop diversity, which ensures the adaptability of agroecosystems to global change.

Published
2015
Full Text
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30. A network-based method to detect patterns of local crop biodiversity: Validation at the species and infra-species levels

Author

Verzelen, Nicolas, Barbillon, Pierre, Coomes, Oliver T., Caillon, Sophie, McKey, Doyle, Elias, Marianne, Garine, Eric, Raimond, Christine, Dounias, Edmond, Jarvis, Devra, Wencélius, Jean, Leclerc, Christian, Labeyrie, Vanesse, Cuong, Pham Hung, Hue, Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Sthapit, Bhuwon, Rana, Ram Bahadur, Barnaud, Adeline, Violon, Chloé, Reyes, Luis Manuel Arias, Moreno, Luis Latournerie, De Santis, Paola, Massol, François, and Thomas, Mathieu

Subjects
Troc, agrobiodiversité, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, écosystème agricole, Petite exploitation agricole, Espèce, exploitant agricole, Semence, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, fungi, A01 - Agriculture - Considérations générales, food and beverages, Étude de cas, E80 - Économie familiale et artisanale, respiratory system, Réseau, Agricultural sciences, agrobiodiversity, bipartite networks, seed exchange, écologie appliquée, Agroécosystème, Diversification, Biodiversité, Plante de culture, human activities, Sciences agricoles, Modèle mathématique
Abstract

In this chapter, we develop new indicators and statistical tests to characterize patterns of crop diversity at local scales to better understand interactions between ecological and socio-cultural functions of agroecosystems. Farms, where a large number of crops (species or landraces) is grown, are known to contribute a large part of the locally available diversity of both rare and common crops but the role of farms with low diversity remains little understood: do they grow only common varieties—following a nestedness pattern typical of mutualistic networks in ecology—or do ‘crop–poor’ farmers also grow rare varieties? This question is pivotal in ongoing efforts to assess the local-scale contribution of small farms to global agrobiodiversity. We develop new network-based approaches to characterize the distribution of local crop diversity (species and infra-species) at the village level and to validate these approaches using meta-datasets from 10 countries. Our results highlight the sources of heterogeneity in crop diversity at the village level. We often identify two or more groups of farms based on their different levels of diversity. In some datasets, ‘crop–poor’ farms significantly contribute to the local crop diversity. Generally, we find that the distribution of crop diversity is more heterogeneous at the species than at the infra-species level. This analysis reveals the absence of a general pattern of crop diversity distribution, suggesting strong dependence on local agro-ecological and socio-cultural contexts. These different patterns of crop diversity distribution reflect an heterogeneity in farmers’ self-organized action in cultivating and maintaining local crop diversity, which ensures the adaptability of agroecosystems to global change.

Published
2015

31. A severe outbreak of botulism in cattle in Central Italy.

Author

Mariano, Valeria, Nardi, Alberigo, Gradassi, Sandra, De Santis, Paola, Anniballi, Fabrizio, Bilei, Stefano, Scholl, Francesco, Auricchio, Bruna, Bielli, Carla, Culicchi, Massimo, and De Rosa, Giuseppe Luca Casali

Published
2019

32. Asimmetria del rischio sistematico dei titoli immobiliari americani: nuove evidenze econometriche

Author

De Santis, Paola and Drago, Carlo

Subjects
jel:C51, jel:C32, jel:G10, jel:G32, Subprime Crisis, Beta, Structural Breaks, Garch Model, Asymmetric Reit Beta Puzzle, Fama and French Factor Model
Abstract

In this work we have found a relevant increase in the systematic risk of the American real estate securities in the year 2007 which go to the initial values in the year 2009. With the aim to evaluate the systematic risk we have used the Fama-French three factor model and we have studied the relationship between the extra-return of the REIT index where we have used as proxy the American real estate securities and the extra return of the S&P500 index representative by the market portfolio return. The results confirmed the presence of an “Asymmetric Beta Puzzle” in agreement with other previous studies. At the same time the results have shown that the REIT securities behaved as speculative securities. In the past the same securities were considered conservative in the year of the subprime crisis. The REIT securities in particular have amplified arriving to double the variations of the market risk premium.

Published
2014

35. European validation of a real-time PCR-based method for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in soft cheese

Author

Gianfranceschi, Monica Virginia, primary, Rodriguez-Lazaro, David, additional, Hernandez, Marta, additional, González-García, Patricia, additional, Comin, Damiano, additional, Gattuso, Antonietta, additional, Delibato, Elisabetta, additional, Sonnessa, Michele, additional, Pasquali, Frederique, additional, Prencipe, Vincenza, additional, Sreter-Lancz, Zuzsanna, additional, Saiz-Abajo, María-José, additional, Pérez-De-Juan, Javier, additional, Butrón, Javier, additional, Kozačinski, Lidija, additional, Tomic, Danijela Horvatek, additional, Zdolec, Nevijo, additional, Johannessen, Gro S., additional, Jakočiūnė, Džiuginta, additional, Olsen, John Elmerdahl, additional, De Santis, Paola, additional, Lovari, Sarah, additional, Bertasi, Barbara, additional, Pavoni, Enrico, additional, Paiusco, Antonella, additional, De Cesare, Alessandra, additional, Manfreda, Gerardo, additional, and De Medici, Dario, additional

Published
2014
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36. European validation of Real-Time PCR method for detection of Salmonella spp. in pork meat

Author

Delibato, Elisabetta, primary, Rodriguez-Lazaro, David, additional, Gianfranceschi, Monica, additional, De Cesare, Alessandra, additional, Comin, Damiano, additional, Gattuso, Antonietta, additional, Hernandez, Marta, additional, Sonnessa, Michele, additional, Pasquali, Frédérique, additional, Sreter-Lancz, Zuzsanna, additional, Saiz-Abajo, María-José, additional, Pérez-De-Juan, Javier, additional, Butrón, Javier, additional, Prukner-Radovcic, Estella, additional, Horvatek Tomic, Danijela, additional, Johannessen, Gro S., additional, Jakočiūnė, Džiuginta, additional, Olsen, John E., additional, Chemaly, Marianne, additional, Le Gall, Francoise, additional, González-García, Patricia, additional, Lettini, Antonia Anna, additional, Lukac, Maja, additional, Quesne, Segolénè, additional, Zampieron, Claudia, additional, De Santis, Paola, additional, Lovari, Sarah, additional, Bertasi, Barbara, additional, Pavoni, Enrico, additional, Proroga, Yolande T.R., additional, Capuano, Federico, additional, Manfreda, Gerardo, additional, and De Medici, Dario, additional

Published
2014
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37. A risk-minimizing argument for traditional crop varietal diversity use to reduce pest and disease damage in agricultural ecosystems

Author

Jarvis, Devra, primary, Mulumba, John, additional, Peng, Huaxian, additional, Paparu, Pamela, additional, Yang, Yayun, additional, Lu, Chunming, additional, Wang, Yunyue, additional, Jie, Wu, additional, Ochoa, José, additional, Suarez, Carmen, additional, Arbaoui, Mustapha, additional, Belqadi, Loubna, additional, Sadiki, Mohammed, additional, Nankya, Rose, additional, Bai, Keyu, additional, Colangelo, Paolo, additional, De Santis, Paola, additional, Murray, Tim, additional, Brown, Tony, additional, and Fadda, Carlo, additional

Published
2014
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38. Microbiological assessment of freshly-shot wild boars meat in Lazio Region, Viterbo territory: a preliminary study

Author

Flores Rodas, Eda Maria, primary, Bogdanova, Tatiana, additional, Bossù, Teresa, additional, Pecchi, Sabrina, additional, Tomassetti, Francesco, additional, De Santis, Paola, additional, Tolli, Rita, additional, Condoleo, Roberto, additional, Greco, Sara, additional, Brozzi, Alberto, additional, Bilei, Stefano, additional, Micarelli, Giuseppe, additional, Martini, Enrica, additional, and Palazzetti, Massimo, additional

Published
2014
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40. Ricordo di un maestro. Pietro Zerbi

Author

Alberzoni, Maria Pia (ORCID:0000-0003-3434-5173), Lucioni, Alfredo (ORCID:0000-0002-6122-2702), Tomea, Paolo Giovanni Antonio (ORCID:0000-0003-2190-0596), ALBERZONI, MARIA PIA, ORNAGHI, LORENZO, TOMEA, PAOLO GIOVANNI ANTONIO, PIZZOLATO, LUIGI, ANDENNA, GIANCARLO, PICASSO, GIUSEPPE, Varanini Gian Maria, Pellegrini Luigi, BASILE, MARTINA, TESSERA, MIRIAM RITA, DE SANTIS, PAOLA, LUCIONI, ALFREDO, Alberzoni, Maria Pia, Lucioni, Alfredo, Tomea, Paolo Giovanni Antonio, Alberzoni, Maria Pia (ORCID:0000-0003-3434-5173), Lucioni, Alfredo (ORCID:0000-0002-6122-2702), Tomea, Paolo Giovanni Antonio (ORCID:0000-0003-2190-0596), ALBERZONI, MARIA PIA, ORNAGHI, LORENZO, TOMEA, PAOLO GIOVANNI ANTONIO, PIZZOLATO, LUIGI, ANDENNA, GIANCARLO, PICASSO, GIUSEPPE, Varanini Gian Maria, Pellegrini Luigi, BASILE, MARTINA, TESSERA, MIRIAM RITA, DE SANTIS, PAOLA, LUCIONI, ALFREDO, Alberzoni, Maria Pia, Lucioni, Alfredo, and Tomea, Paolo Giovanni Antonio

Abstract

Il volume raccoglie gli interventi presentati nel corso di una giornata di studio, svoltasi presso l'Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore a poco meno di un anno dalla morte del Professore, già preside della Facoltà di Lettere e Prorettore.

Published
2011

42. Seed exchange networks for agrobiodiversity conservation. A review

Author

Pautasso, Marco, primary, Aistara, Guntra, additional, Barnaud, Adeline, additional, Caillon, Sophie, additional, Clouvel, Pascal, additional, Coomes, Oliver T., additional, Delêtre, Marc, additional, Demeulenaere, Elise, additional, De Santis, Paola, additional, Döring, Thomas, additional, Eloy, Ludivine, additional, Emperaire, Laure, additional, Garine, Eric, additional, Goldringer, Isabelle, additional, Jarvis, Devra, additional, Joly, Hélène I., additional, Leclerc, Christian, additional, Louafi, Selim, additional, Martin, Pierre, additional, Massol, François, additional, McGuire, Shawn, additional, McKey, Doyle, additional, Padoch, Christine, additional, Soler, Clélia, additional, Thomas, Mathieu, additional, and Tramontini, Sara, additional

Published
2012
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44. Evaluation of PCR systems for the identification and differentiation of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis: A collaborative trial

Author

Bashiruddin, John B., primary, Frey, Joachim, additional, Königsson, Malin Heldtander, additional, Johansson, Karl-Erik, additional, Hotzel, Helmut, additional, Diller, Roland, additional, de Santis, Paola, additional, Botelho, Ana, additional, Ayling, Roger D., additional, Nicholas, Robin A.J., additional, Thiaucourt, François, additional, and Sachse, Konrad, additional

Published
2005
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50. Molecular Detection of Anaplasma Platysin Dogs Using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Reverse Line Blot Hybridization

Author

Sparagano, Olivier A. E., de Vos, Alexander P., Paoletti, Barbara, Cammà, Cesare, de Santis, Paola, Otranto, Domenico, and Giangaspero, Annunziata

Abstract

Several polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and a reverse line blot hybridization (RLB) method were used to identify Anaplasma platysin dogs held in a kennel in Italy. Whereas PCR techniques confirmed the presence of A. platys, the RLB method not only correlated the results obtained by PCR but also ruled out the presence of other species such as Ehrlichia canisor E. chaffeensis. There was no correlation between infection status and age or breed of the dogs. Polymerase chain reaction performed on the Rhipicephalus sanguineusticks collected from those dogs showed that they were also infected with A. platys. Sequences obtained from some samples and compared with those within the GenBank also confirmed the presence of A. platys.

Published
2003
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