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Background: Research on children's loneliness has been conducted mostly in Western, especially North American, cultures. The purpose of the study was to examine relations between loneliness and social adaptation among children and adolescents in four different societies. Methods: A total of 2263 children from grade 3 to grade 6, aged 9 to 12 years, in Brazil, Canada, P. R. China, and Southern Italy participated in the study. The participants completed a self-report measure of loneliness. Information about social behaviors and peer relationships was obtained from peer assessments. Results: Multi-group analyses revealed that the overall patterns of relations among social behaviors, peer relationships and loneliness differed across the samples. Specifically, sociability was positively associated with peer relationships and made negative indirect contributions to loneliness through peer relationships in all four samples. Aggression made significant indirect contributions to the prediction of loneliness in Chinese children, but not in other samples. Shyness-sensitivity was associated with loneliness directly in Brazilian and Italian children and indirectly through peer relationships in Canadian children, but not associated with loneliness in Chinese children. Conclusions: The results suggest that the nature of children's loneliness may be affected by the broad socio-cultural context.

The purpose of the present study was to examine relations between self-perceptions of competence and social, behavioural, and school adjustment in Brazilian, Canadian, Chinese, and Italian children. Self-perception data were collected through children's self-reports. Information about social behaviours, peer acceptance, and school achievement was obtained from peer assessments and teacher ratings. Multi-group analyses revealed similar patterns of relations between self-perceptions in scholastic and general self-worth domains and social and school performance in the four samples. However, the relations between self-perceptions of social competence and shyness and academic achievement were different across these samples. Self-perceptions of social competence was negatively associated with shyness in Brazilian, Canadian, and Italian children, but not in the Chinese children, and positively associated with academic achievement in Canadian and Chinese children, but not in Brazilian and Italian children. Similarities and differences in the patterns of relations between self-perceptions and social and school adjustment across cultures indicate that the self system may be a culture-general as well as culture-specific phenomenon. (Contains 4 tables.)

Road works and other civil works involve large amounts of materials and earth movements that could be minimized with the best use of material from the construction site itself, through the process of improving the soil obtained from the union with materials able to add resistance. This is because, when the soil is loaded, it tends to deform and this disturbance alters the load flow of the structure, modifying the eff ort value achieved in the project. For these reasons, the objective of this work was to analyze the mechanical resistance of materials applied in the improvement and stabilization of soils. Therefore, knowing the lineage of this theme, this study was developed with the intention of identifying, in the literature, consistent treatments that favor the inheritance of soil resistance. This is an integrative review carried out on scientific data sources: Scientific Electronic Online Library (SciELO) and Google Scholar. Searches for studies were carried out from August to December 2022. The descriptors selected to search for data were: road works, soil improvement and soil stabilization. The inclusion criteria for the selection of scientific articles were: articles published from 2001 to 2017, in Portuguese; monographs, theses, dissertations, available and complete articles. Exclusion criteria were: publications of repeated articles in data bases. To implement soil stabilization, many issues need to be persistent, in the study one of them was that the cement presents stable performance in soil stabilization, reaching SSI rates above 80% for base according to DNIT. As well as the alternative materials, they present the values for application in base and subgrade, with the superior capacity of 2% of ISC for the subgrade when applied with sludge ash and lime reaching the guidelines for use in the base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CIATEC-UPF is the property of Revista CIATEC-UPF and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)