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3. How COVID-19 changed clinical research strategies: a global survey

Author

Bauer, Annina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-7418, Eskat, Anja, Ntekim, Atara, Wong, Creany, Eberle, Deborah, Hedayati, Elham, Tay, Fabian, Yau, Henry, Stockley, Louise, de Medina Redondo, María, Şen, Selçuk, Egert-Schwender, Silvia, Üresin, Yağız, Grossmann, Regina, Bauer, Annina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-7418, Eskat, Anja, Ntekim, Atara, Wong, Creany, Eberle, Deborah, Hedayati, Elham, Tay, Fabian, Yau, Henry, Stockley, Louise, de Medina Redondo, María, Şen, Selçuk, Egert-Schwender, Silvia, Üresin, Yağız, and Grossmann, Regina

Abstract

Objective Clinical research has faced new challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to excessive operational demands affecting all stakeholders. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on clinical research strategies and compared different adaptations by regulatory bodies and academic research institutions in a global context, exploring what can be learned for possible future pandemics. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey and identified and assessed different COVID-19-specific adaptation strategies used by academic research institutions and regulatory bodies. Results All 19 participating academic research institutions developed and followed similar strategies, including preventive measures, manpower recruitment, and prioritisation of COVID-19 projects. In contrast, measures for centralised management or coordination of COVID-19 projects, project preselection, and funding were handled differently amongst institutions. Regulatory bodies responded similarly to the pandemic by implementing fast-track authorisation procedures for COVID-19 projects and developing guidance documents. Quality and consistency of the information and advice provided was rated differently amongst institutions. Conclusion Both academic research institutions and regulatory bodies worldwide were able to cope with challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic by developing similar strategies. We identified some unique approaches to ensure fast and efficient responses to a pandemic. Ethical concerns should be addressed in any new decision-making process.

Published
2022

4. How COVID-19 changed clinical research strategies: a global survey

Author

Bauer, Annina, primary, Eskat, Anja, additional, Ntekim, Atara, additional, Wong, Creany, additional, Eberle, Deborah, additional, Hedayati, Elham, additional, Tay, Fabian, additional, Yau, Henry, additional, Stockley, Louise, additional, de Medina Redondo, María, additional, Şen, Selçuk, additional, Egert-Schwender, Silvia, additional, Üresin, Yağız, additional, and Grossmann, Regina, additional

Published
2022
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5. sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221093179 - Supplemental material for How COVID-19 changed clinical research strategies: a global survey

Author

Bauer, Annina, Eskat, Anja, Ntekim, Atara, Wong, Creany, Eberle, Deborah, Hedayati, Elham, Tay, Fabian, Yau, Henry, Stockley, Louise, de Medina Redondo, María, Şen, Selçuk, Egert-Schwender, Silvia, Üresin, Yağız, and Grossmann, Regina

Subjects
111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified, Cardiology, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, 110604 Sports Medicine, FOS: Health sciences, 110306 Endocrinology, 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology, 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified, 111708 Health and Community Services, 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods, 111702 Aged Health Care, 111403 Paediatrics, 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, 110203 Respiratory Diseases, 110315 Otorhinolaryngology, FOS: Clinical medicine, 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy), FOS: Sociology, FOS: Psychology, 110599 Dentistry not elsewhere classified, 110323 Surgery, 110305 Emergency Medicine, 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified, 111299 Oncology and Carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified, 110314 Orthopaedics
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221093179 for How COVID-19 changed clinical research strategies: a global survey by Annina Bauer, Anja Eskat, Atara Ntekim, Creany Wong, Deborah Eberle, Elham Hedayati, Fabian Tay, Henry Yau, Louise Stockley, María de Medina Redondo, Selçuk Şen, Silvia Egert-Schwender, Yağız Üresin and Regina Grossmann in Journal of International Medical Research

Published
2022
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12. Expression, stability, and replacement of glucan-remodeling enzymes during developmental transitions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author

Rolli, Eleonora, Ragni, Enrico, de Medina-Redondo, María, Arroyo, Javier, de Aldana, Carlos R. Vázquez, and Popolo, Laura

Abstract

Sporulation is a developmental variation of the yeast life cycle whereby four spores are produced within a diploid cell, with proliferation resuming after germination. The GAS family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glucan-remodeling enzymes exemplifies functional interplay between paralogous genes during the yeast life cycle. GAS1 and GAS5 are expressed in vegetative cells and repressed during sporulation while GAS2 and GAS4 exhibit a reciprocal pattern. GAS3 is weakly expressed in all the conditions and encodes an inactive protein. Although Gas1p functions in cell wall formation, we show that it persists during sporulation but is relocalized from the plasma membrane to the epiplasm in a process requiring End3p-mediated endocytosis and the Sps1 protein kinase of the p21-activated kinase family. Some Gas1p is also newly synthesized and localized to the spore membrane, but this fraction is dispensable for spore formation. By way of contrast, the Gas2–Gas4 proteins, which are essential for spore wall assembly, are rapidly degraded after spore formation. On germination, Gas1p is actively synthesized and concentrated in the growing part of the spore, which is essential for its elongation. Thus Gas1p is the primary glucan-remodeling enzyme required in vegetative growth and during reentry into the proliferative state. The dynamic interplay among Gas proteins is crucial to couple glucan remodeling with morphogenesis in developmental transitions.

Published
2011

13. The beta-1,3-glucanosyltransferase gas4p is essential for ascospore wall maturation and spore viability in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Author

de Medina-Redondo M, Arnáiz-Pita Y, Fontaine T, Del Rey F, Latgé JP, and Vázquez de Aldana CR

Subjects
Cell Wall enzymology, Cell Wall genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase metabolism, Meiosis genetics, Schizosaccharomyces enzymology, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins physiology, Spores, Fungal chemistry, Spores, Fungal enzymology, Spores, Fungal genetics, Cell Wall physiology, Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase physiology, Schizosaccharomyces physiology, Spores, Fungal physiology
Abstract

Meiosis is the developmental programme by which sexually reproducing diploid organisms generate haploid gametes. In yeast, meiosis is followed by spore morphogenesis. The formation of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe ascospore wall requires the co-ordinated activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and modification of its components, such as glucans. During sporogenesis, the beta-1,3-glucan synthase bgs2p synthesizes linear beta-1,3-glucans, which remain unorganized and alkali-soluble until covalent linkages are set up between beta-1,3-glucans and other cell wall components. Several proteins belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 72 (GH72) with beta-1,3-glucanosyltransferase activity have been described in other organisms, such as the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gas1p or the Aspergillus fumigatus Gel1p. Here we describe the characterization of gas4(+), a new gene that encodes a protein of the GH72 family. Deletion of this gene does not lead to any apparent defect during vegetative growth, but homozygous gas4Delta diploids show a sporulation defect. Although meiosis occurs normally, ascospores are unable to mature or to germinate. The expression of gas4(+) is strongly induced during sporulation and a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-gas4p fusion protein localizes to the ascospore periphery during sporulation. We conclude that gas4p is required for ascospore maturation in S. pombe.

Published
2008
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