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In the published article, there was an error in affiliation(s) 29. Instead of “Departement of Pediatrics, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milano, Italy”, it should be “Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy”. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

ObjectiveAfter a previous survey on the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset of type 1 diabetes in children in 2013–2014 in Italy, we aimed to verify a possible decline in the incidence of DKA at onset during a national prevention campaign.DesignProspective observational study.SettingMulticentre study throughout Italy.InterventionNational awareness campaign started in November 2015 and held until December 2017.PatientsDuring 2016 and 2017 we collected data on all patients aged 0–18 years with new-onset diabetes.Main outcome measuresDKA (pH ResultsRecords (n=2361) of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes were collected from 58 out of 68 (85.3%) centres of the original survey participants and 100% of the previously surveyed tertiary centres. Overall, DKA was observed in 1124 patients, with an increased rate when compared with the previous survey (47.6% vs 38.5%, p=0.002), and severe DKA in 15.3%. In children below 6 years, DKA was observed in 323 out of 617 (52.5%) and severe DKA in 16.7%; in this age group, occurrence of DKA reduced by 21.3% (p=0.009). DKA treatment according to the ISPED guidelines was adopted in 95% of the centres, with a 27% improvement (p=0.025).ConclusionsDuring a 2-year awareness campaign, DKA at onset of diabetes in children and adolescents 0–18 years is still common and increased when compared with the 2013–2014 survey.

Os sistemas agroflorestais biodiversos são uma estratégia de manejo do solo que busca promover interações benéficas entre componentes bióticos e abióticos. A nogueira-pecã é uma espécie arbórea de ciclo longo e de grande porte, que influenciará de maneira decisiva os sistemas que ela integra. O objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer padrões de comportamento das cultivares de nogueira-pecã dentro do sistema agroflorestal. Neste experimento realizado entre 2015 e 2017, a cultivar foi o fator de variação avaliado, sendo considerados quatro tratamentos: ‘Barton’, ‘Cape Fear’, ‘Desirable’ e ‘Shawnee’. As variáveis analisadas foram: altura e diâmetro das plantas; número de gemas por ramo; número de ramos; diâmetro e comprimento de ramo e números de folhas por ramo; área foliar; número de folíolos, peso fresco e seco; número de racimos e flores; inflorescências e ataque de formiga. Com relação ao comportamento reprodutivo, a cultivar Barton apresentou uma dicogamia do tipo protândrica, ‘Cape Fear’ oscilou o comportamento, demonstrando-se protogínica na primeira safra e protândrica na seguinte. ‘Barton’ e ‘Cape Fear’ demonstraram melhor desempenho reprodutivo do que ‘Desirable’ e ‘Shawnee’ em sistemas agroflorestais, porém, requer-se estudos que incluam a fase reprodutiva e considere outras cultivares. Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-22T18:01:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Artigo-Bilharva-et-al-2021-pecan.pdf: 236189 bytes, checksum: 43b54e6e1f8b472dbaa6a12aac783fd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

International audience; Solar Orbiter is the first space mission observing the solar plasma both in situ and remotely, from a close distance, in and out of the ecliptic. The ultimate goal is to understand how the Sun produces and controls the heliosphere, filling the Solar System and driving the planetary environments. With six remote-sensing and four in-situ instrument suites, the coordination and planning of the operations are essential to address the following four top-level science questions: (1) What drives the solar wind and where does the coronal magnetic field originate?; (2) How do solar transients drive heliospheric variability?; (3) How do solar eruptions produce energetic particle radiation that fills the heliosphere?; (4) How does the solar dynamo work and drive connections between the Sun and the heliosphere? Maximising the mission's science return requires considering the characteristics of each orbit, including the relative position of the spacecraft to Earth (affecting downlink rates), trajectory events (such as gravitational assist manoeuvres), and the phase of the solar activity cycle. Furthermore, since each orbit's science telemetry will be downloaded over the course of the following orbit, science operations must be planned at mission level, rather than at the level of individual orbits. It is important to explore the way in which those science questions are translated into an actual plan of observations that fits into the mission, thus ensuring that no opportunities are missed. First, the overarching goals are broken down into specific, answerable questions along with the required observations and the so-called Science Activity Plan (SAP) is developed to achieve this. The SAP groups objectives that require similar observations into Solar Orbiter Observing Plans, resulting in a strategic, top-level view of the optimal opportunities for science observations during the mission lifetime. This allows for all four mission goals to be addressed. In this paper, we introduce Solar Orbiter's SAP through a series of examples and the strategy being followed.

Since inter-particle collisions are to a large extent negligible, the solar wind plasma is typically observed in a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium, meaning that the velocity distributions of particles of different species display significant deviations from a single Maxwellian. These deviations retain the whole history of the interaction of particles with the turbulent electromagnetic fields. Simultaneous measurements of fields and particle velocity distributions at kinetic scales made at different radial distances can help in tracking this history backwards allowing one to identify the physical mechanisms at play to heat and accelerate particles in the interplanetary medium close to the Sun and all along solar wind expansion. In this scenario, data from the Solar Wind Analyzer instrument onboard the ESA Solar Orbiter mission are very promising in addressing the kinetic physics of protons, ions and electrons in the solar wind close to the Sun. The Italian SWA-Solar Orbiter Working Group entitled "Kinetic Processes" has been formed in May 2020 and gathers scientists from several Italian and international institutions and with different expertises (theoretical modeling, observational data analysis and numerical simulations), who convene periodically to discuss these scientific subjects. The main scientific goals of this working group are (i) to maximize the scientific return of Solar Orbiter data within the Heliospheric communities and (ii) to identify open scientific questions and relevant physical problems for which Solar Orbiter data could play a key role and help scientists to find answers and explanations. Exploitation of combined measurements from the in-situ instruments (SWA, MAG, EPD and RPW) onboard Solar Orbiter will provide the unique opportunity of attacking fundamental plasma physics processes responsible for energy exchanges between fluctuations and particles. In this Abstract, we will present some of the activities carried on within the Italian SWA-Solar Orbiter WG "Kinetic Processes" in the last few months, with the aim of engaging the broader scientific community into the discussion and in preparation of the release of the first Orbiter data.

Despite more than a half-century of study, the basic physical processes responsible for heating and accelerating the solar wind are still not fully understood. These phenomena are at the center of a hot debate that is of great interest for the Solar Orbiter mission (as discussed in details in the Science Activity Plan, SAP) and are strictly linked to the turbulent nature of solar wind fluctuations which cover an extended range of spatial and temporal scales. So the identification of these physical processes is of primary importance for understanding the origins and evolution of the solar wind and its impact on the different bodies of the solar system. Moreover, in a broader context, it would allow also to achieve significant progress in our understanding of stellar astrophysics. Within this context, the Italian Solar Orbiter-SWA Working Group (WGs) on `Multiscale Physics' was created in response to the interest manifested by scientists from several Italian and international institutions on some important topics such as radial evolution of turbulence and Alfvénicity and link between fluid and kinetic scales; solar wind origin; reconnection, intermittency and particle acceleration in the turbulent solar wind (just to cite some of them), with a particular attention to the synergies with other in-situ and remote sensing instruments on board Solar Orbiter and also with other ESA and NASA missions (e.g. L1 observatories and Parker Solar Probe). The `Multiscale Physics' WG involves scientists with an extensive experience in solar wind turbulence and reconnection processes including expertise in data analysis, simulations and modeling. In this contribution, we present the activity developed so far with a particular focus on the scientific cases identified.

Uma das espécies frutíferas que atualmente mais cresce em importância econômica no Brasil é a nogueira-pecã, principalmente pelo aumento do consumo do fruto e pela valorização de mercado. No entanto,com esse crescimento,vão surgindo muitos problemas, dúvidas e dificuldades de comunicação entre os envolvidos com a cultura, sendo necessário estudos que abordem e estabeleçam informações técnicas e padronizadas,de forma a melhorar o entendimento e o manejo da cultura através do acompanhamento fenológico, da polinização e da irrigação. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi propor e acompanhar uma escala fenológica, avaliar a influência da polinização e da irrigação nas dimensões e rendimentos dos frutos de nogueira-pecã. Para atender os objetivos,o trabalho foi organizado em três capítulos. O primeiro trata-se de uma proposta e aplicação da escala fenológica BBCH ajustada para nogueira-pecã. No segundo capítulo avaliou-se o efeito do pólen de diferentes cultivares no rendimento e dimensões de frutos da ?Kiowa? e da ?Barton?. No terceiro capítulo avaliou-s eo uso da irrigação no crescimento e rendimento de frutos. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a escala fenológica proposta é de fácil aplicabilidade e facilitará a comunicação científica e técnica entre os profissionais da área e produtores. O pólen de diferentes cultivares demonstraram potencial ?efeito xenia? positivo e negativo nas características dos frutos, enquanto a autopolinização reduz as dimensões e rendimento dos frutos e das amêndoas. Durante o desenvolvimento dos frutos de nogueira-pecã, a ocorrência de períodos de déficit hídrico afeta a dimensão e o enchimento das nozes, sendo que a utilização de irrigação proporciona maiores dimensões e massa dos frutos. Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-01T09:04:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-Rudinei-Pecan-2020.pdf: 3083194 bytes, checksum: 739f6ef770088f6490cb79c46f0e9b9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Tese (Doutorado) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2020. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Flávio Gilberto Herter, Coorientador: Dr. Carlos Roberto Martins (CPACT).

International audience; The exponential growth of data volume experienced by astronomy and astrophysics causes new disciplines like machine learning (ML) and data mining (DM) to gain more and more ground in these fields. Applications like clustering, feature selection, automatic classification of events are proving to be a valuable aid in exploiting space data in the era of the synergy between "pure" science and "data-driven" science. The Italian Solar Orbiter-SWA Working Group on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence1 together with the European Commission Horizon 2020 project AIDA2, has the scope of applying ML and DM analysis techniques to the Solar Orbiter data. The implementations are numerous. First of all these new techniques can be used to discover unexpected relations between data, can automate tasks so that they can be carried out without human intervention, and can help to forecast physical properties and events. A non-exhaustive list of these activities includes automatic detection of coronal holes in images, automatic recognition of plasma regions, prediction of solar wind properties at 1 AU, classification of solar wind type based on new indicators, analysis of particle velocity distribution functions. In addition, this Working Group will integrate the existing software developed in the context of the various heliospheric missions with the parts regarding Solar Orbiter. These packages are able to handle complex data set with ease and provide statistical analysis and visualization tools. Catalogs of scientific data are also produced, which report, among others, magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration events, detected by routines trained to browse data and select physical processes and features of interest. Here we present the project overview along with the ML and DM tools which will be used to handle and analyse Solar Orbiter data. 1.https://sites.google.com/view/italian-solar-orbiter-swa/ 2.http://www.aida-space.eu/

One of the outstanding scientific questions in space physics is how charged particles are accelerated up to supra-thermal energies and how they are transported through the inner heliosphere. Such problems match some of the scientific objectives of the Solar Orbiter Science Activity Plan and represent the main scientific cases discussed in the Italian SWA-Solar Orbiter Working Group (WG) on "Particle Energization" (https://sites.google.com/view/italian-solar-orbiter-swa/research-interests/particle-energization?authuser=0). The WG started its activities on May 2020 and gathers experts of in-situ observations, remote sensing, and numerical simulations. This variety of expertises is fundamental for reaching the science objectives. Indeed, candidates for particle acceleration are shocks driven by eruptive phenomena in the solar corona as the coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Thanks to the joint combination between in-situ (as MAG, SWA, EPD) and remote sensing (EUI, METIS) instruments on board Solar Orbiter and to its vicinity to the Sun, we will have the opportunity to study, with unprecedented precision, the onset of CMEs and the properties of the induced shocks propagating in the interplanetary medium. Thus, parameters as the sonic Mach number, the compression ratio and the shock geometry (both when shocks form in the corona and then propagate in the interplanetary space) will give a quantitative estimation of the shocks evolution and their capability to accelerate particles. Then, the investigation of the phenomena involved in the acceleration and propagation of solar energetic particles (SEPs) that were difficult to resolve from prior observations, will be carried out. Further, being close to the source of acceleration, it will be possible to investigate the properties of the local energetic particle "seed" population. In this abstract we would like to present the ongoing activity of the Italian SWA WG on "Particle Energization", pointing out the physical problems discussed during the last months, with particular focus on the possible analysis of Solar Orbiter data (both in-situ and remote sensing) in the framework of particle energization, which we propose to carry out once the data will be available to the scientific community.