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This living systematic review aims to summarize evidence on the prevalence of oral signs and symptoms in patients with COVID-19. The review was reported per the PRISMA checklist, and the literature search was conducted in 6 databases and in gray literature. Studies published in any language mentioning oral symptoms and signs in patients with COVID-19 were included. The risk of bias was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. The certainty of evidence was evaluated through GRADE assessment. After a 2-step selection, 40 studies were included: 33 cross-sectional and 7 case reports. Overall, 10,228 patients (4,288 males, 5,770 females, and 170 unknown) from 19 countries were assessed. Gustatory impairment was the most common oral manifestation, with a prevalence of 45% (95% CI, 34% to 55%; I 2 = 99%). The pooled eligible data for different taste disorders were 38% for dysgeusia and 35% for hypogeusia, while ageusia had a prevalence of 24%. Taste disorders were associated with COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 12.68; 95% CI, 6.41 to 25.10; I 2 = 63%; P < 0.00001), mild/moderate severity (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.25 to 3.49; I 2 = 66%; P = 0.005), and female patients (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.17; I 2 = 70%; P = 0.0007). Oral mucosal lesions presented multiple clinical aspects, including white and erythematous plaques, irregular ulcers, small blisters, petechiae, and desquamative gingivitis. Tongue, palate, lips, gingiva, and buccal mucosa were affected. In mild cases, oral mucosal lesions developed before or at the same time as the initial respiratory symptoms; however, in those who required medication and hospitalization, the lesions developed approximately 7 to 24 d after onset symptoms. Therefore, taste disorders may be common symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and should be considered in the scope of the disease's onset and progression. Oral mucosal lesions are more likely to present as coinfections and secondary manifestations with multiple clinical aspects (PROSPERO CRD42020184468). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles of women with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The sample comprised 28 women divided into two groups: 14 with rheumatoid arthritis [mean age: 52.2 ± standard deviation (SD): 3 years] and 14 without rheumatoid arthritis (mean age: 49.4 ± SD: 2.4 years). The women were paired by age and body mass index. The electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles was analyzed in mandibular tasks: rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, maximal voluntary contraction with and without Parafilm M®, habitual and non-habitual chewing. The MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) was used to compare the means of the two independent groups, considering as independent variable side and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, and age as the covariate. The Bonferroni correction was used for the post hoc comparisons (p <0.05). Results: Rheumatoid arthritis group presented an increase in the normalized electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles and lower mean values for the habitual and non-habitual chewing. Conclusions: Women with rheumatoid arthritis showed functional alterations in the stomatognathic system, demonstrated through muscular hyperactivity and reduction of masticatory efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Edentulous patients can also suffer from sleep bruxism (SB), just like dentate patients. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and severity of SB in edentulous patients using the definitive method. Methods: Twenty-three edentulous patients underwent treatment with new conventional complete dentures. Definitive SB was evaluated using the Bruxoff (portable electromyography device) while sleeping at home. The prevalence of SB was assessed by the Bruxmeter software, where SB was evaluated as "absent" (score zero), "light" (<2 episodes), "moderate" (between 2 and 4 episodes), or "severe" (>4 episodes). The prevalence was expressed with descriptive statistics in percentage using the number of detected cases out of the total number of patients. Results: Eighteen patients (78.26%) were diagnosed with SB. The severity of SB was 55.5%, 5.5%, and 39% for the light, moderate, and severe scores, respectively. Conclusions: Almost 8 out of 10 edentulous patients have SB. Approximately half of the SB-detected patients showed moderate to severe severity of bruxism as measured by a commercial, at-home device., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Naiara Luchi Klöppel et al.)

Objective: To assess effects of stabilization splints on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin compared to other treatments., Methods: A search for articles via six electronic databases and gray literature was conducted. The risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach determined the certainty of evidence., Results: Ten articles were included. Stabilization splints (n = 160 subjects) were reported to be as effective as other treatments (n = 209 patients) on analyzed outcomes (pressure pain threshold, pain during chewing, mouth opening, spontaneous pain intensity and by palpation). Five studies were judged at low and five at some concerns of risk of bias. The certainty of evidence was very low for all outcomes., Conclusion: Positive effect on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin, when managed with stabilization splint, could not be confirmed or refuted.

Background: Recent studies have highlighted the multifactorial nature of bruxism, with behavioral, psychosocial, and physiological factors, including genetic predisposition, contributing to its development. However, the role of genetic markers in determining susceptibility to bruxism remains poorly understood, with limited studies offering significant findings., Objectives: To identify the current knowledge to investigate the susceptibility of genetic markers for sleep (SB) and/or awake bruxism (AB)., Materials and Methods: Seven electronic databases and two grey literature platforms were searched up to January 2024. We included studies that related different types of genes and/or genetic polymorphisms with different types of bruxism, regardless of age or sex of the participants. To be included the study must have described the form of detection of bruxism., Results: A total of 21 reports were included. Of these, 16 were primary research reports. The remaining five articles consisted of four systematic reviews and a literature review incorporating a systematic mapping process, and network visualization. Within the pool of 16 primary study reports, seven focused on the association of genetic polymorphisms with both SB and AB, while seven concentrated solely on the association with SB. One primary study reported results related to probable AB and one article did not specify the bruxism type. Regarding all the studied genes and polymorphisms, significant association results were obtained for 15 polymorphisms from 11 different genes. Self-reported SB was associated with genes from the serotonergic (5HTR2A) and dopaminergic pathways (DRD2, DRD3, and ANKK1), as well as genes encoding enzymes (COMT and MMP9) and proteins (ACTN3 and ANKK1). Instrumentally reported SB was linked only to the reverse telomerase gene (TERT). Self-reported AB was associated with the ACTN3 and ANKK1 genes., Conclusion: This review identified 30 genes and 56 polymorphisms variations potentially associated with either SB or AB. However, few presented significant results regarding positive associations, mostly acting at neurotransmitter pathways. The authors recommend further studies to determine the susceptibility of genetic markers as a risk factor for bruxism., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Julia Meller Dias de Oliveira reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Research Support and Innovation of Santa Catarina State. Manuella Salm Coelho, Graziela De Luca Canto, and Eliete Neves Silva Guerra reports financial support was provided by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Bruxism is characterised by a repetitive activity in the masticatory muscles that involves teeth clenching or grinding and/or forceful mandibular movements. Its management is typically initiated when individuals start experiencing the adverse effects of the condition. One of the available intervention forms is the administration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A). Numerous systematic reviews have addressed the use of BoNT-A to manage bruxism; however, the results are controversial. The current overview aims to determine BoNT-A's effectiveness for managing bruxism in relation to placebo, the absence of treatment or alternative interventions in the adult population., Methods and Analysis: This study will include systematic reviews (SRs), with or without meta-analysis, aiming to evaluate the efficacy of BoNT-A for bruxism in adults. A broad literature search will be carried out on Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and the grey literature. Experts in the topic and reference lists of included SRs will also be consulted. The study selection will be conducted in two phases by two independent reviewers. Data collection will be performed by one author and cross-checked by another. The methodological quality of included SRs will be evaluated using AMSTAR-II. A narrative synthesis will be employed as the formal method to combine individual study data. The overlap across studies will be quantified by the corrected covered area and illustrated by the Graphical Representation of Overlap for Overviews., Ethics and Dissemination: This overview does not require ethics approval, as it uses secondary data from previously published studies. The results will be disseminated through the publication in a high-impact journal., Osf of Registration: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/RB45T., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Leukemia is the most common malignancy in pediatric patients, and it has extramedullary involvement. Oral manifestations have been reported in the literature, but to the authors' knowledge, no systematic review has presented the general prevalence of these manifestations. This review aimed to determine the prevalence of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with leukemia., Types of Studies Reviewed: The authors conducted a search of PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Web of Science, and Scopus. Additional searches were carried out in the gray literature and via hand searching of reference lists of included studies. The inclusion criteria were observational studies that investigated the prevalence and occurrence of oral lesions in pediatric patients with leukemia. Two independent reviewers collected data from the selected articles in a prepiloted Excel (Microsoft) spreadsheet., Results: From 67 included studies, 79 oral manifestations were reported. The most frequent alteration in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during the treatment were caries (81%), with moderate certainty of evidence. The prevalence of gingivitis was 73%, oral mucositis was 50%, and lymphadenopathy was 45%, with very low certainty of evidence. After the therapy, the prevalence of dental anomalies was 61%, and the most common were enamel hypoplasia (40%), dental agenesis (22%), and microdontia (22%), presenting very low certainty of evidence. The high heterogeneity among studies contributed significantly to reduce the certainty of the evidence., Practical Implications: The findings of this study show that pediatric patients with leukemia have oral manifestations predominantly during and after treatment. Health care professionals must be aware of oral manifestations and refer the patients to dentists during the oncological treatment. Thus, the dentist must support pediatric patients with leukemia to help ensure a better quality of life., Competing Interests: Disclosures None of the authors reported any disclosures., (Copyright © 2024 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Virtual clinical simulation involves creating and applying scenarios using technology like computers or virtual reality. This method provides a secure experiential learning environment, encouraging active student participation and stimulating clinical, critical and reflective thinking. This article outlines the development of the Evidence and Gap Map, which aims to identify, quantify and visually and interactively classify existing systematic reviews on the effectiveness of virtual clinical simulations in health professional training., Methods and Analysis: The Evidence and Gap Map will adhere to the Campbell Collaboration Guidelines. Bibliographic searches in six databases will follow inclusion criteria determined by the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study design strategy. After the initial calibration, two reviewers will independently apply the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the title and abstract of each identified study, with subsequent full reading of the selected articles. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews will be assessed with the AMSTAR 2 tool. The map will be developed using the EPPI-Mapper software., Ethics and Dissemination: There is no requirement for ethical approval for this systematic review. On completion, it will be published in a peer-reviewed academic journal and presented at a conference. This review protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework platform (OSF Associated Project Registration: osf.io/r6wdc and received the following DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/R6WDC)., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: This study evaluated the association between sleep bruxism and snoring. Additionally, the associations between sleep bruxism and age, sex, body mass index, sleep structure, sleep quality, and sleepiness were evaluated., Methods: Adults suspected of having sleep disorders (n = 61) underwent single-night video polysomnography according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. Validated questionnaires were used to assess sleepiness and sleep quality, and clinical examinations were performed to document weight and height. Jamovi software was used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression analyses of the different sleep stages-REM sleep, NREM sleep, and total sleep time-were conducted., Results: No association was found between sleep bruxism and snoring (P > 0.31), with a small effect size (V = 0.171). However, the snore index was found to influence the rhythmic masticatory muscle activity index during REM sleep, with an odds ratio of 1.018 (95 % CI: 1.005 to 1.03; P = 0.05). Moreover, logistic regression showed that the desaturation index presented an odds ratio of 5.01 (95 % CI: 0.96 to 26.13; p = 0.056), with a medium effect size (>3.5). Sleep bruxism was not associated with age, sex, body mass index, or other sleep variables., Conclusion: Snoring appears to be associated with bruxism during REM sleep. No associations were found between sleep bruxism and sex, age, or body mass index. This lack of association underscores the complexity of sleep bruxism and snoring and highlights the need for further research. Concerning sleep architecture, only desaturation episodes were associated with bruxism during REM sleep. Neither sleep quality nor sleepiness was associated with sleep bruxism., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Patricia Pauletto reports a relationship with Coordination of Higher Education Personnel Improvement that includes: funding grants. Helena Polmann reports a relationship with Coordination of Higher Education Personnel Improvement that includes: funding grants. Graziela De Luca Canto reports a relationship with National Council for Scientific and Technological Research that includes: funding grants. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: COVID-19 presents extrapulmonary manifestations that can aid in the diagnosis. Skin manifestations have been reported but their characteristics are not yet clear. Health professionals need information about its prevalence and main characteristics., Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA criteria. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO (number CRD42020193173). Seven electronic databases and the gray literature were searched independently by two researchers. Observational analytical studies that presented data on the prevalence of skin manifestations in patients aged 19 or older with COVID-19 were included. Prevalence estimates were synthesized through a meta-analysis using random-effects models. Association meta-analysis and comparisons were performed for individual characteristics., Results: We included 31 studies with 10,934 patients, of which 10,121 tested positive for COVID-19. The general prevalence of skin manifestations was 29% (95% CI: 17.0-43.0; I 2 : 99%), the most in Africa, with a mean duration between 7 and 9 days and the most frequently affecting feet+hands (75%) and the trunk (71%). Patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 had more of chilblain-like+pernio-like lesions (97%) and inflammatory lesions (86%) than patients with severe or critical COVID-19. Manifestations of vascular origin were only in elderly patients and were significant with the severity of COVID-19 ( p  = 0)., Conclusion: The global prevalence of skin manifestations is similar to other signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Skin assessment should be considered when investigating and diagnosing COVID-19 in adult and elderly patients. Systematic review registration : PROSPERO, identifier CRD42020193173, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display&#95;record.php?ID=CRD42020193173., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Aguiar, Ferreira, De Luca Canto, Guerra and Reis.)

Background: To assess the reporting of the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach in systematic reviews of interventions in pediatric dentistry., Methods: The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) in pediatric dentistry that reported the certainty of the evidence through the GRADE approach. Paired independent reviewers screened the studies, extracted data, and appraised the methodological quality using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) tool. The certainty of the evidence was extracted for each outcome. A descriptive analysis was conducted., Results: Around 28% of pediatric dentistry reviews of interventions used the GRADE approach (n = 24). Twenty reviews reported 112 evidence outcomes from RCTs and 13 from NRSIs using GRADE evidence profile tables. The methodological quality was high (16.7%), moderate (12.5%), low (37.5%), and critically low (33.3%), fulfilling the majority of the AMSTAR 2 criteria. The certainty of the evidence for outcomes generated from RCTs and NRSIs was very low (40.2% and 84.6%), low (33.1% and 7.7%), moderate (17.8% and 7.7%), and high (9.8% and 0.0%). The main reasons to downgrade the certainty were due to (for RCTs and NRSIs, respectively): risk of bias (68.8% and 84.6%), imprecision (67.8% and 100.0%), inconsistency (18.8% and 23.1%), indirectness (17.8% and 0.0%), and publication bias (7.1% and 0.0%)., Conclusion: The proportion of systematic reviews assessing the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach was considered small, considering the total initial number of published pediatric dentistry reviews of intervention. The certainty of the evidence was mainly very low and low, and the main problems for downgrading the certainty of evidence were due to risk of bias and imprecision., Registration: PROSPERO database #CRD42022365443., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

With the growing popularity of clear aligners, more patients have chosen to use them instead of traditional orthodontic braces to correct their malocclusions. Clear aligners offer distinct advantages over conventional fixed braces, such as limited aesthetic impact, the convenience of easily removing them for meals, improved accessibility for brushing and flossing, and a treatment approach that avoids the use of metal, minimizing potential irritation to the cheeks and gums. Manufacturers point out a disadvantage that can be administered in this type of treatment. Still, to our knowledge, a comprehensive review of the published literature assessing the adverse/negative effects of clear aligners has not yet been conducted. A systematic review, with or without meta-analysis, will be performed. The inclusion criteria will be studies involving individuals using clear aligners and reporting potential adverse/negative effects during or after treatment. No restrictions about time or language will be applied. The studies screening will be conducted in two stages. Two independent reviewers will initially evaluate the title and abstract under the eligibility criteria. Subsequently, the same two reviewers will examine the articles' full text in-depth. The results will be synthesized in the form of a narrative description and incorporate a meta-analysis if justified. Furthermore, we will present details regarding the sample characteristics, intervention, study objectives, methodologies employed, and primary findings. This study aims to investigate the potential adverse effects and their frequency among orthodontic patients wearing clear aligners. Moreover, the outcomes of this review have the potential to illuminate specific inherent limitations of aligner therapy as a comprehensive orthodontic approach., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Ronchi Lemos et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Statement of Problem: High-performance polymers including polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) have been used as substitutes for metal frameworks in dental prostheses. However, the clinical performance of polymer-based frameworks is still uncertain., Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the clinical performance of PEEK and PEKK with that of metal frameworks for different dental prostheses., Material and Methods: This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six databases and non-peer-reviewed literature (without language or follow-up restrictions) were searched for studies conducted before February 2022. Only clinical studies, either randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or nonrandomized clinical trials (N-RCTs), comparing the clinical performance of polymer and metal frameworks were included. The risk of bias and certainty of the evidence were assessed with the RoB 2.0, ROBINS-I, and GRADE. Biologic (plaque and gingival indices, probing depth, bleeding scores, implant stability quotient, marginal bone loss) and mechanical outcomes (ridge base relation, prosthetic marginal gap, and fracture) were assessed., Results: Only 9 studies (7 RCTs and 2 N-RCTs) were included, all with moderate to serious risk of bias and low to very low certainty of evidence. No meta-analysis was possible, but qualitative analysis revealed lower plaque and gingival indices, probing depth, and marginal bone loss, with higher survival rates for implant-supported fixed prostheses and overdentures fabricated with PEEK than for metal frameworks. No significant differences were found between groups for removable partial dentures. The marginal fit of PEEK frameworks was also better for single crowns. Three fractures were reported in the 3 PEKK fixed dental prostheses with cantilevers., Conclusions: PEEK and PEKK seem to be promising materials for dental prostheses, with acceptable response from the periodontal tissue. However, further well-designed studies are necessary to better understand their clinical and long-term limitations., (Copyright © 2022 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A systematic review (SR) requires several steps to be conducted. A major and initial challenge is to formulate a focused research question that may have high scientific relevance to provide evidence-based results and strategies. This narrative mini-review aims to present different categories of systematic reviews currently applied in Head and Neck Cancers (HNC), focusing on the strategies to provide results for evidence-based decision making. The SRs identified were of intervention, diagnostic testing, prognosis, in vitro and in vivo studies, prevalence, and epidemiological studies, and of association and risk factors. Focused questions that define the type of review, whether it is a therapy question (intervention), a question of prevalence or an outcome (prognosis) of disease, are discussed. Additionally, the importance in building interesting research questions and following all proposed steps to produce quality evidence are highlighted. This narrative mini-review may guide future research by showing how to perform and report relevant evidence in terms of HNC., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (© 2024 Guerra, Amorim dos Santos, Coletta and De Luca Canto.)

To identify the prevalence of geographic tongue in patients >18 years. A systematic literature review was performed in search of population-based observational studies. Searches were performed using five main databases: Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science; and three gray literature sources: Google Scholar, ProQuest, and OpenGrey. In addition, a manual search in the reference list and consultation with experts on the topic studied were performed. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's checklist for prevalence studies. Ratio meta-analyses were performed using JAMOVI. Initially, 3046 studies were identified. After a two-phase selection, 11 studies were included for quantitative synthesis. Two studies were classified as of low methodological quality, five studies as of moderate quality, and four as of high quality. Two types of prevalence were analyzed: by period and point. Three studies were included in the period prevalence meta-analysis, and the prevalence was 3% (Confidence interval [CI]: 0.4%-5.5%, n = 9813). Eight studies were included in the point-prevalence meta-analysis, and the prevalence was 3% (CI: -0.2% to 5.5%, n = 10,967). Although there are phases of exacerbation and remission in geographic tongue, prevalence and period prevalence were similar. Approximately one in 30 adults has a geographic tongue., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Parents believe that teething is associated with signs and symptoms, which may induce them to give medications that could harm their children. Some children may require alleviation of symptoms and overall attention., Aim: To assess parents' beliefs in and attitudes toward teething., Design: Through electronic databases and gray literature, this systematic review identified cross-sectional studies reporting parents' beliefs in, knowledge about, and attitudes toward the signs and symptoms of primary tooth eruption in children aged between 0 and 36 months. Three reviewers independently selected the studies, collected the information, assessed methodological quality, and checked for accuracy with disagreements solved by a fourth reviewer. The Agency of Research and Quality in Health questionnaire for cross-sectional studies was used for quality assessment. Descriptive analysis with median and interquartile ranges was adopted., Results: Twenty-nine studies comprising 10 524 participants from all geographic regions were included. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate. Most parents have beliefs in signs and symptoms during dentition, the most reported symptom being the desire to bite. Oral rehydration was the most exposed attitude in the studies included. Only a small proportion of parents reported no attitude., Conclusions: The majority of parents believed in at least one sign or symptom associated with teething, and only few of them would do nothing or just wait for the signs or symptoms to pass, with no difference among countries (Protocol doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/S2KZ3)., (© 2023 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: To identify the prevalence of Awake Bruxism (AB)., Sources: The electronic search was done in Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Livivo, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to January 2nd, 2023. The search strategies combined terms such as "bruxism," "awake," and related terms when conducting searches in databases. Grey literature was consulted through Google Scholar, ProQuest, and OpenGrey., Study Selection: Two independent reviewers participated in the study selection stages and included observational studies assessing the prevalence of AB, detected using reporting feedback (self or family report), clinical examination, and/or instrumental methods, regardless of the sex and age of the population., Data: Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's checklist for prevalence studies. Ratio meta-analyses were performed using R Statistics software., Results: From a total of 3,083 studies identified by the searches on databases, 322 articles were reviewed the full-text and a total of 81 (quantitative synthesis) and 83 (narrative synthesis) studies were included. Only fifteen studies reached complete methodological quality. Two overall meta-analyses were performed, grouped based on convenience and population-based samples. The overall prevalence for possible AB was 32.08 % and 16.16 %, respectively. For the subgroup analyses, the prevalence rate showed a wide variation in different studied populations, approximately 14 %-32 % for women and 19 %-30 % for men, for population-based and convenience studies, respectively., Conclusion: Possible AB prevalence was set from 16 % to 32 %. Studies with probable AB and definitive AB are still necessary., Clinical Significance: Studying the prevalence of waking bruxism is of interest to both dentists and patients. Knowing the probability of patients having awake bruxism allows the dentist to offer comprehensive preventive approaches to patients, avoiding deleterious consequences resulting from this condition. The present study reveals that the condition of bruxism during wakefulness is present in one out of every six adult patients studied. In pediatric patients, although this condition seems to be equally present, not enough studies were found to support this information for probable and definitive bruxism., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Systematic reviews (SRs) of preclinical studies are marked with poor methodological quality. In vitro studies lack assessment tools to improve the quality of preclinical research. This methodological study aimed to identify, collect, and analyze SRs based on cell culture studies to highlight the current appraisal tools utilized to support the development of a validated critical appraisal tool for cell culture in vitro research. SRs, scoping reviews, and meta-analyses that included cell culture studies and used any type of critical appraisal tool were included. Electronic search, study selection, data collection and methodological quality (MQ) assessment tool were realized. Further, statistical analyses regarding possible associations and correlations between MQ and collected data were performed. After the screening process, 82 studies remained for subsequent analysis. A total of 32 different appraisal tools were identified. Approximately 60% of studies adopted pre-structured tools not designed for cell culture studies. The most frequent instruments were SYRCLE (n = 14), OHAT (n = 9), Cochrane Collaboration's tool (n = 7), GRADE (n = 6), CONSORT (n = 5), and ToxRTool (n = 5). The studies were divided into subgroups to perform statistical analyses. A significant association (OR = 5.00, 95% CI = 1.54-16.20, p = 0.008) was found between low MQ and chronic degenerative disorders as topic of SR. Several challenges in collecting information from the included studies led to some modifications related to the previously registered protocol. These results may serve as a basis for further development of a critical appraisal tool for cell culture studies capable of capturing all the essential factors related to preclinical research, therefore enhancing the practice of evidence-based., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: This scoping review aimed to determine the frequency of different teaching methodologies, tools and platforms applied in dental education during the COVID-19 pandemic., Materials and Methods: The search strategy was performed in six databases and grey literature. A total of 28 questionnaire-based studies were included, without language or time restriction, from 20 different countries., Results: Six thousand five hundred sixty-five participants were assessed: 84% undergraduates, 9% of faculty members, 5% of postgraduate students/residents/trainees and 2% of dental schools/residency programs. The pooled eligible data for teaching methodologies were 62% of a combination of different methods (95% CI, 35.5% to 82.3%), 23% a combination of synchronous and asynchronous formats (95% CI, 8.2% to 50.2%) and 15% for only synchronous lectures (95% CI, 4.3% to 42.2%). The reported tools were laptops (40%), smartphones (40%), tablets (40%), desktops (20%), Blackboard (20%), Respondus Lockdown Browser (20%), eProctor (20%) and PowerPoint (20%). The most used platforms were Zoom (70.6%), Microsoft Teams (23.5%) and Cisco Webex (23.5%). A better time management (17.9%; 95% CI, 7.9% to 35.6%) and the possibility of revision with additional notes (14.3%; 95% CI, 5.7% to 31.5%) was the greatest advantages related to dental e-learning, while the increased levels of anxiety/stress/burnout/exhaustion (35.7%; 95% CI, 21% to 54.2%) and internet connection problems (35.7%; 95% CI, 21% to 54.2%) was the most cited disadvantages., Conclusion: This scoping review showed promising blended teaching methodologies, tools and platforms in the dental education profile. The evidence suggests that e-learning technologies can widely contribute to dental education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research by assessing the impact of COVID restrictions on dental education and further studies are needed to identify how restrictions in dental practice will affect future professionals., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: This systematic review investigated the prevalence of tooth wear between patients with and without Down syndrome., Methods: Six databases (Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey and ProQuest) were searched until March 7, 2022. Observational studies were included to assess the differences in tooth wear prevalence and/or severity in Down syndrome and non-syndromic controls. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations were followed. Three reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, assessed the methodological quality (Joanna Briggs Institute) and graded the certainty of evidence through the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results were summarized through meta-analyses using a random-effects model. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021266997)., Results: Of the 1382 records identified, six cross-sectional studies were included. Individuals with Down syndrome had a higher prevalence and were more likely to have tooth wear than individuals without Down syndrome (44% × 15%; OR = 4.43; 95% CI 3.17-6.18; p < 0.00001; I 2 = 8%). Also, the severity of tooth wear was higher in the Down syndrome group (n = 275) compared with the controls (n = 294). The certainty of evidence analysis was very low., Conclusions: Based on very low certainty of the evidence, patients with Down syndrome had a higher prevalence and likelihood and severity of tooth wear when compared to those without Down syndrome., Clinical Relevance: Screening early tooth wear lesions should be carefully done in the Down syndrome population since its occurrence is remarkable compared to the general population., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) for orthodontic tooth extraction decision-making., Materials and Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO, Computers & Applied Science, ACM Digital Library, Compendex, and gray literature (OpenGrey, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) were electronically searched. Three independent reviewers selected the studies and extracted and analyzed the data. Risk of bias, methodological quality, and certainty of evidence were assessed by QUADAS-2, checklist for AI research, and GRADE, respectively., Results: The search identified 1810 studies. After 2 phases of selection, six studies were included, showing an unclear risk of bias of patient selection. Two studies showed a high risk of bias in the index test, while two others presented an unclear risk of bias in the diagnostic test. Data were pooled in a random model and yielded an accuracy value of 0.87 (95% CI = 0.75-0.96) for all studies, 0.89 (95% CI = 0.70-1.00) for multilayer perceptron, and 0.88 (95% CI = 0.73-0.98) for back propagation models. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of the multilayer perceptron model yielded 0.84 (95% CI = 0.58-1.00), 0.89 (95% CI = 0.74-0.98), and 0.92 (95% CI = 0.72-1.00) scores, respectively. Sagittal discrepancy, upper crowding, and protrusion showed the highest ranks weighted in the models., Conclusions: Orthodontic tooth extraction decision-making using AI presented promising accuracy but should be considered with caution due to the very low certainty of evidence., Clinical Relevance: AI models for tooth extraction decision in orthodontics cannot yet be considered a substitute for a final human decision., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To compare the proportion of young (up to 45 years of age) and older (over 45 years of age) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients who report tobacco and alcohol consumption., Methods: Observational studies reporting tobacco and alcohol consumption among young and older OSCC patients were selected in a two-phase process. Search strategies were conducted on five main electronic databases and complemented by grey literature. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Synthesis of results was calculated with the software R Statistics version 4.0.2 (The R Foundation)., Results: From 6675 records identified, 38 studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis, encompassing 2439 young and 13,393 older patients. Tobacco smoking was reported by 39.5% (confidence interval (CI) = 31.7% to 47.9%, I 2  = 78%) of the young patients and 48.4% (CI = 37.8% to 59.2%, I 2  = 94%) of the older patients. Alcohol consumption was reported by 30.9% (CI = 22.7% to 40.5%, I 2  = 83%) of the young and 45.8% (CI = 35.6% to 56.5%, I 2  = 95%) of the older patients (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The comparison in the proportion of individuals reporting tobacco and alcohol consumption demonstrated that these habits were more prevalent in the older group (48.4% and 45.8% respectively) than in the young group (39.5% and 30.9%, respectively)., Clinical Relevance: As a significant proportion of patients with OSCC reported no habits, novel risk factors for OSCC need to be investigated in further research., (© 2022. Crown.)

This article describes the reporting characteristics of systematic reviews (SRs) in Psychology. The inclusion criteria were self-declared SRs in all branches of Psychology, published between 2019 and 2020. The search was performed in the PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases, from which 2487 records were identified, and 305 papers selected. There were many discrepancies in the reporting of Psychology SRs. Some PRISMA items, such as self-identification as an SR, description of the aim and the inclusion criteria, specification of the databases, and the description of the search and selection process using a flow diagram were reported in more than 90% of the SRs. Other items had lower coverage, such as the specification of the PICO framework, presentation of the complete search strategies, mention of the reporting guidelines, description of the exclusion criteria, performance of a risk of bias assessment, and analysis of the quality of the evidence, among others. The study highlights the need to improve the planning, performance and reporting of SR in Psychology.

Background: Prevalence of ankyloglossia may vary depending on the assessment tool. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ankyloglossia in distinct age groups according to different assessment tools., Types of Studies Reviewed: Nine electronic databases were searched from inception through November 2021 without restrictions of language or year of publication. Paired independent reviewers selected cross-sectional and cohort studies reporting the diagnosis of ankyloglossia, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. The number of patients with ankyloglossia and the sample were extracted to calculate the overall prevalence of ankyloglossia and 95% CI. The authors calculated the prevalence of ankyloglossia per assessment tool, age group, and sex. They assessed the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach., Results: Seventy-one studies were included. Seven different diagnostic tools were used. The overall prevalence of ankyloglossia was 5% (95% CI, 4.0% to 5.0%) and ranged from 2% (using an unspecific tool) to 20% (Coryllos classification). The prevalence per age group was higher in infants (7%). The prevalence ratio was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.54) for boys, with very low certainty of evidence., Practical Implications: The prevalence of ankyloglossia is higher among infants and differs depending on the assessment tool used for the diagnosis. It is uncertain whether boys are more affected by ankyloglossia than girls., (Copyright © 2022 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction The number of systematic reviews (SRs) in dentistry published each year has grown considerably, and they have been essential in clinical decision-making and health policy.Objective The objective is to critically appraise SRs of intervention in dentistry using the 'A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR 2) tool published within one year.Methods A search in the Medline/PubMed database was performed. The SRs were identified in two phases. The first phase identified SRs of interventions in dentistry by title and abstract. In the second phase, the full text was read, applying the eligibility criteria. Three calibrated reviewers methodologically assessed all SRs identified using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Data were analysed descriptively, and SRs were grouped according to methodological quality as moderate/high and low/critically low. A logistic regression model was applied to explore the associations between methodological quality and the study's characteristics.Results Two hundred and twenty-two SRs were included. The methodological quality of the SRs included in this study were: critically low (56.8%), low (27.9%), moderate (14.4%) and high (0.9%), according to AMSTAR 2. There were no statistical differences between moderate/high and low/critically low methodological quality and publication year, continent, journal Impact Factor and dental speciality.Conclusion Less than 1% of recently published SRs in dentistry were classified with high methodological quality. We hope that this study will alert researchers about the need to improve the methodological quality of SRs., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the British Dental Association.)

Purpose: The majority of individuals with clinically significant obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are undiagnosed and untreated. A simple screening tool may support risk stratification, identification, and appropriate management of at-risk patients. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated and compared the accuracy and clinical utility of existing screening questionnaires for identifying OSA in different clinical cohorts., Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the diagnostic value of OSA screening questionnaires. We identified prospective studies, validated against polysomnography, and published to December 2020 from online databases. To pool the results, we used random effects bivariate binomial meta-analysis., Results: We included 38 studies across three clinical cohorts in the meta-analysis. In the sleep clinic cohort, the Berlin questionnaire's pooled sensitivity for apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥ 5, ≥ 15, and ≥ 30 was 85%, 84%, and 89%, and pooled specificity was 43%, 30%, and 33%, respectively. The STOP questionnaire's pooled sensitivity for AHI ≥ 5, ≥ 15, and ≥ 30 was 90%, 90%, and 95%, and pooled specificity was 31%, 29%, and 21%. The pooled sensitivity of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for AHI ≥ 5, ≥ 15, and ≥ 30 was 92%, 95%, and 96%, and pooled specificity was 35%, 27%, and 28%. In the surgical cohort (AHI ≥ 15), the Berlin and STOP-Bang questionnaires' pooled sensitivity were 76% and 90% and pooled specificity 47% and 27%., Conclusion: Among the identified questionnaires, the STOP-Bang questionnaire had the highest sensitivity to detect OSA but lacked specificity. Subgroup analysis considering other at-risk populations was not possible. Our observations are limited by the low certainty level in available data., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Study Objectives: To evaluate the available evidence on the putative relationships between sleep bruxism (SB) and, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to assess the extent of research on this topic, and to formulate suggestions for future research., Methods: A scoping review including studies examining temporal and overall association and prevalence of SB and OSA was performed. Six main databases and gray literature were searched. The studies selection was conducted by three independent reviewers. A narrative synthesis of the results was carried out., Results: Thirteen studies in adults and eight studies in children were finally included. The median of concomitant conditions prevalence was 39.3% in adults and 26.1% in children. Marked methodological variability was identified among studies in adults and even more when we compared detection methods in children. No significant association between OSA and SB emerged in most studies in adults, while an association may be possible in children., Conclusions: Based on the current literature, it is not possible to confirm that there is a relationship between SB and OSA in adults. In patients under pediatric care, although this association seems plausible, there is currently insufficient supportive evidence. Standardized validated methodologies for identifying SB should be consistently used in both populations before reaching any conclusion regarding such association. Furthermore, assessment of shared phenotypes between patients with SB and patients with OSA may reveal new insights that will contribute to personalized approaches aiming to optimize the management of such comorbidities., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic health crisis has changed household and school routines leaving children and adolescents without important anchors in life. This, in turn, can influence their mental health, changing their behavioral and psychological conditions., Aims: To systematically review the literature to answer the question: "What is the worldwide prevalence of mental health effects in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic?"., Methods: Embase, Epistemonikos database, LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and World Health Organization Global literature on coronavirus disease were searched. Grey literature was searched on Google Scholar, Grey Literature Report, and Preprint server MedRxiv. Observational studies assessing the prevalence of mental health effects in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Four authors independently collected the information and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies., Results: From a total of 11,925 identified studies, 2873 remained after the removal of the duplicated records. Nineteen studies remained after the final selection process. The proportion of emotional symptoms and behavior changes varied from 5.7% to 68.5%; anxiety 17.6% to 43.7%, depression 6.3% to 71.5%, and stress 7% to 25%. Other outcomes such as the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (85.5%) and suicidal ideation (29.7% to 31.3%) were also evaluated., Linking Evidence to Action: Overall findings showed that the proportion of children and adolescents presenting mental health effects during the COVID-19 pandemic showed a wide variation in different countries. However, there was a trend toward mental health issues. Therefore, policymakers, healthcare planners, youth mental health services, teachers, parents, and researchers need to be prepared to deal with this demand., (© 2022 Sigma Theta Tau International.)

Objectives: To investigate the masticatory (masticatory performance, bite force, swallowing threshold, muscle activity, and questionnaires) and nutritional (nutrient intake) impacts of the activation and/or installation of different orthodontic appliances (fixed labial, lingual appliances, and clear aligners)., Materials and Methods: Six electronic databases and gray literature were searched (up to May 2021) for relevant studies evaluating mastication and nutrition after activation/installation of orthodontic appliances. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020199510). The risk of bias (RoB 2 and ROBINS-I) and evidence quality Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation were analyzed., Results: Of 4226 recorded and screened, 15 studies were finally included. Masticatory performance (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 1.069; 95% coefficient interval [CI]: 0.619 to 1.518) and bite force (SMD: -2.542; 95% CI: -4.867 to -0.217) reduced in the first 24 to 48 hours of fixed labial appliance installation/activation, but they were both normalized after 30 days (P > .05). The swallowing threshold remained constant (P > .05). Nutritional intake was rarely reported but showed copper (P = .002) and manganese (P = .016) reductions, with higher calorie and fat intake (P < .05). Lingual appliances impacted chewing more than labial, and clear aligner wearers reported fewer chewing problems (P < .001). Low to very low levels of evidence were found., Conclusions: Based on low to very low levels of evidence, mastication was reduced during the first 24 to 48 hours of fixed labial appliance activation/installation, but it was transitory (up to 30 days). Due to insufficient data, the nutritional impact of orthodontic appliances was not conclusive., (© 2022 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.)