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16. Global Review of the Age Distribution of Rotavirus Disease in Children Aged <5 Years Before the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccination

Author

Hasso-Agopsowicz, Mateusz, Ladva, Nanji, Lopman, Benjamin, Sanderson, Colin, Cohen, Adam, Tate, Jacqueline, Riveros, Ximena, Henao-Restrepo, Ana Maria, Clark, Andrew E., Ladva, Chandresh Nanji, Alkorta, M, Atchison, C, Banajeh, S, Becker-Dreps, S, Benhafid, M, Bhandari, N, Bodhidatta, L, Braeckman, T, Bwogi, J, de Cassia Compagnoli Carmona, R, Cilla, G., Contreras-Roldan, I, Coulson, B, Cunliffe, N, Dagan, R, Givon, N, Degiuseppe, J, Dhiman, S, Dian, Z, Díaz, J., Dutta, S, Krishnan, T, Manna, B, Fletcher-Lartey, S, Fu, C, Gendrel, D., Ghenghesh, K., Gonzalez Mago, G, De Grazia, S, Grimwood, K, Groome, M, Haque, A., Heininger, U, Houpt, E, Iturriza-Gómara, M., Hungerford, D, Jarquin, C, McCracken, J, Contreras, I, Cordon-Rosales, C, Kaiser-Labusch, P, Kang, G, Kar, S, Kiulia, N, Kotloff, K, Latipov, R, Linhares, A, Lorrot, M., Mandile, M, Mast, C, Mathew, M., Matinon-Torres, F, Matthijnssens, J, Mladenova, Z., Monini, M, Montes, M, Arana, A, Motamedifar, M, Najafi, A, Nelson, T., Nokes, J, Ntoumi, F, Numazaki, K, O’Reilly, C, Ochoa, T, Page, N, Page, A., Langendorf, C, Podkolzin, A, Quach, C, Racz, M, de Rougemont, Alexis, Ruiz-Palacios, G, Saha, S, Satter, S, Soares, L, Sudarmo, S, Shigemura, K, Shirakawa, T, Athiyyah, A, Tagbo, B, Tarr, P, Klein, E., Denno, D, Turner, A., Uzoma, E, Vatosoa, R, Wandera, E, Wikswo, M, Payne, D, Yhu-Chering, H, Yoshikawa, T, Sugata, K, Yuan, Q, Liying, L, Zaman, K., Zhou, X -N, Zhang, S -X, Xu, Wei-Jiang, Serhan, Fatima, Nakamura, Tomoka, Antoni, Sébastien, Agócs, Mary, Murray, Jillian, Cherian, Thomas, Mwenda, Jason, Weldegebriel, Goitom, Biey, Joseph, Cheikh, Dah, Teleb, Nadia, Rahman, Hossam Abdel, Ahmed, Hinda, Daniels, Danni, Videbaek, Dovile, Wasley, Annemarie, Singh, Simarjit, de Oliveira, Lucia, Rey-Benito, Gloria, Sanwogou, N Jennifer, Liyanage, Jayantha, Wijesinghe, Pushpa Ranjan, Batmunkh, Nyambat, Grabovac, Varja, Fox, Kimberley, Paladin, Fem Julia, Henschke, Nicholas, Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Microbiology Service, Hospital Donostia, Grupo de Investigación en Energía y Medioambiente [Bucaramanga]] (GIEMA), Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga] (UIS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University of Tripoli - University Al Fateh, Visva Bharati University, Enteric Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, Department of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Enteroviruses, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases [Sofia, Bulgarie] (NCIPD), Friction Stir Laboratory, Brigham Young University (BYU), UFR des Sciences de Santé (Université de Bourgogne), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Centre National de Référence des virus entériques [CHU de Dijon] (CNR virus entériques), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de sérologie-virologie (CHU de Dijon), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), School of Social and Community Medicine [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Vaccine Preventable Disease and Immunization, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), and University of Stavanger

Subjects
rotavirus gastroenteritis, age distribution, rotavirus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, vaccine, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology
Abstract

International audience; We sought datasets with granular age distributions of rotavirus-positive disease presentations among children

Published
2019

19. Vitamin D: a steroid hormone with progesterone-like activity

Author

Monastra, G, De Grazia, S, De Luca, L, Vittorio, S, and Unfer, V

Subjects
Inflammation, Calcitriol, CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, Embryo implantation, Inflammation, Osteopontin, Pregnancy, Progesterone, Progesterone receptor, Vitamin D, Vitamin D receptor, Luteal Phase, Progesterone receptor, Endometrium, CYP24A1, Calcitriol, CYP27B1, Vitamin D receptor, Pregnancy, CYP27A1, Animals, Humans, Receptors, Calcitriol, Osteopontin, Female, Embryo Implantation, Vitamin D, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Progesterone
Abstract

This review is aimed at demonstrating the progesterone-like activity exerted by the active form of vitamin D, or calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D). To achieve this outcome, we compared the effects in vivo and in vitro exerted by progesterone and vitamin D, with a special focus on the female reproductive system and pregnancy.This is a literature review of the most important articles published in English on vitamin D as a hormone, mainly found by MEDLINE. Furthermore, a section of our review contains some unpublished data, concerning the analysis in silico of the similarities between the steric structure of progesterone and calcitriol, based on the availability of the experimental structures of progesterone and vitamin D3 receptors in complex with their physiological ligands in the RCSB Protein Data Bank.Vitamin D was shown to exert many physiological activities during the very early stages of gestation in perfect synchrony with progesterone. Both the molecules mutually help and reinforce the activity exerted by each one. A little bit later than progesterone is released, vitamin D secretion rises, but only if pregnancy occurs. Calcitriol contributes to prepare the endometrium to be receptive. Moreover, it supports the implantation process and the course of pregnancy through different but similar pathways to those used by progesterone, giving rise to a significant synergy of action. It is increasingly evident that vitamin D gives an essential support from the luteal phase onwards.Based on the evidence displayed in this review we may define appropriately vitamin D as a steroid hormone with progesterone-like activity.

Published
2018

20. IMPATTO DELLA VACCINAZIONE ANTI ROTAVIRUS SULLA CIRCOLAZIONE DEL VIRUS NEI BAMBINI. INDAGINE SULLA PREVALENZA DELL’INFEZIONE DA ROTAVIRUS PRESSO L’OSPEDALE DEI BAMBINI 'G. DI CRISTINA' DI PALERMO

Author

Campisi, F., Pepe, A., Dones, P., Di Francisca, E., Varia, F., Varvarà, M., Scalici, C., Lospalluti, M., Bonura, F., Urone, N., Li Muli, S., Cappa, V., Di Bernardo, F., Collura, A., Terranova, D., Maida, C., Casuccio, A., Vitale, F., De Grazia, S., and Giammanco, G.

Subjects
Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, Rotavirus, Vaccinazione, Palermo, Gastroenterite
Published
2017

21. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REVIEWERS

Author

Adams, NG, Adekambi, T, Afeltra, J, Aguado, J, Aires de Sousa, M, Akiyoshi, K, Al Hasan, M, Ala-Kokko, T, Albert, M, Alfandari, S, Allen, D, Allerberger, F, Almyroudis, N, Alp, E, Amin, R, Anderson-Berry, A, Andes, DR, Andremont, A, Andreu, A, Angelakis, M, Antachopoulos, C, Antoniadou, A, Arabatzis, M, Arlet, G, Arnez, M, Arnold, C, Asensio, A, Asseray, N, Ausiello, C, Avni, T, Ayling, R, Baddour, L, Baguelin, M, Bányai, K, Barbour, A, Basco, LK, Bauer, D, Bayston, R, Beall, B, Becker, K, Behr, M, Bejon, P, Belliot, G, Benito-Fernandez, J, Benjamin, D, Benschop, K, Berencsi, G, Bergeron, MG, Bernard, K, Berner, R, Beyersmann, J, Bille, J, Bizzini, A, Bjarnsholt, T, Blanc, D, Blanco, J, Blot, S, Bohnert, J, Boillat, N, Bonomo, R, Bonten, M, Bordon, JM, Borel, N, Boschiroli, ML, Bosilkovski, M, Bosso, JA, Botelho-Nevers, E, Bou, G, Bretagne, S, Brouqui, P, Brun-Buisson, C, Brunetto, M, Bucher, H, Buchheidt, D, Buckling, A, Bulpa, P, Cambau, E, Canducci, F, Cantón, R, Capobianchi, M, Carattoli, A, Carcopino, X, Cardona-Castro, N, Carling, PC, Carrat, F, Castilla, J, Castilletti, C, Cavaco, L, Cavallo, R, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Centrón, D, Chappuis, F, Charrel, R, Chen, M, Chevaliez, S, Chezzi, C, Chomel, B, Chowers, M, Chryssanthou, E, Ciammaruconi, A, Ciccozzi, M, Cid, J, Ciofu, O, Cisneros, D, Ciufolini, MG, Clark, C, Clarke, SC, Clayton, R, Clementi, M, Clemons, K, Cloeckaert, Ael, Cloud, J, Coenye, T, Cohen Bacri, S, Cohen, R, Coia, J, Colombo, A, Colson, P, Concerse, P, Cordonnier, C, Cormican, M, Cornaglia, G, Cornely, O, Costa, S, Cots, F, Craxi, A, Creti, R, Crnich, C, Cuenca Estrella, M, Cusi, MG, d'Ettorre, G, da Cruz Lamas, C, Daikos, G, Dannaoui, E, De Barbeyrac, B, De Grazia, S, de Jager, C, de Lamballerie, X, de Marco, F, del Palacio, A, Delpeyroux, F, Denamur, E, Denis, O, Depaquit, J, Deplano, A, Desenclos, J-C, Desjeux, P, Deutch, S, Di Luca, D, Dianzani, F, Diep, B, Diestra, K, Dignani, C, Dimopoulos, G, Divizia, M, Doi, Y, Dornbusch, HJ, Dotis, J, Drancourt, M, Drevinek, P, Dromer, F, Dryden, M, Dubreuil, L, Dubus, J-C, Dumitrescu, O, Dumke, R, DuPont, H, Edelstein, M, Eggimann, P, Eis-Huebinger, A-M, El Atrouni, WI, Entenza, J, Ergonul, O, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Esteban, J, Etienne, J, Fan, X-G, Fenollar, F, Ferrante, P, Ferrieri, P, Ferry, T, Feuchtinger, T, Finegold, S, Fingerle, V, Fitch, M, Fitzgerald, R, Flori, P, Fluit, A, Fontana, R, Fournier, PE, François, M, Francois, P, Freedman, DO, Friedrich, A, Gallego, L, Gallinella, G, Gangneux, J-P, Gannon, V, Garbarg-Chenon, A, Garbino, J, Garnacho-Montero, J, Gatermann, Soeren, Gautret, P, Gentile, G, Gerlich, W, Ghannoum, M, Ghebremedhin, B, Ghigo, E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E, Girgis, R, Giske, C, Glupczynski, Y, Gnarpe, J, Gomez-Barrena, E, Gorwitz, RJ, Gosselin, R, Goubau, P, Gould, E, Gradel, K, Gray, J, Gregson, D, Greub, G, Grijalva, CG, Groll, A, Groschup, M, Gutiérrez, J, Hackam, DG, Hall, WA, Hallett, R, Hansen, S, Harbarth, S, Harf-Monteil, C, Hasanjani, Roushan MR, Hasler, P, Hatchette, T, Hauser, P, He, Q, Hedges, A, Helbig, J, Hennequin, C, Herrmann, B, Hezode, C, Higgins, P, Hoesli, I, Hoiby, N, Hope, W, Houvinen, P, Hsu, LY, Huard, R, Humphreys, H, Icardi, M, Imoehl, M, Ivanova, K, Iwamoto, T, Izopet, J, Jackson, Y, Jacobsen, K, Jang, TN, Jasir, A, Jaulhac, B, Jaureguy, F, Jefferies, JM, Jehl, F, Johnstone, J, Joly-Guillou, M-L, Jonas, M, Jones, M, Joukhadar, C, Kahl, B, Kaier, K, Kaiser, L, Kato, H, Katragkou, A, Kearns, A, Kern, W, Kerr, K, Kessin, R, Kibbler, C, Kimberlin, D, Kittang, B, Klaassen, C, Kluytmans, J, Ko, W-C, Koh, W-J, Kostrzewa, M, Kourbeti, I, Krause, R, Krcmery, V, Krizova, P, Kuijper, E, Kullberg, B-J, Kumar, G, Kunin, CM, La Scola, B, Lagging, M, Lagrou, K, Lamagni, T, Landini, P, Landman, D, Larsen, A, Lass-Floerl, C, Laupland, K, Lavigne, JP, Leblebicioglu, H, Lee, B, Lee, CH, Leggat, P, Lehours, P, Leibovici, Lonard, Leon, L, Leonard, N, Leone, M, Lescure, X, Lesprit, P, Levy, PY, Lew, D, Lexau, CA, Li, S-Y, Li, W, Lieberman, D, Lina, B, Lina, G, Lindsay, JA, Livermore, D, Lorente, L, Lortholary, O, Lucet, J-C, Lund, B, Lütticken, R, MacLeod, C, Madhi, S, Maertens, J, Maggi, F, Maiden, M, Maillard, J-Y, Maira-Litran, T, Maltezou, H, Manian, FA, Mantadakis, E, Maragakis, L, Marcelin, A-G, Marchaim, D, Marchetti, O, Marcos, M, Markotic, A, Martina, B, Martínez, J, Martinez, J-L, Marty, F, Maurin, M, McGee, L, Mediannikov, O, Meersseman, W, Megraud, F, Meletiadis, J, Mellmann, A, Meyer, E, Meyer, W, Meylan, P, Michalopoulos, A, Micol, R, Midulla, F, Mikami, Y, Miller, RF, Miragaia, M, Miriagou, V, Mitchell, TJ, Miyakis, S, Mokrousov, I, Monecke, S, Mönkemüller, K, Monno, L, Monod, M, Morales, G, Moriarty, F, Morosini, I, Mortensen, E, Mubarak, K, Mueller, B, Mühlemann, K, Muñoz Bellido, JL, Murray, P, Muscillo, M, Mylotte, J, Naessens, A, Nagy, E, Nahm, MH, Nassif, X, Navarro, D, Navarro, F, Neofytos, D, Nes, I, Ní Eidhin, D, Nicolle, L, Niederman, MS, Nigro, G, Nimmo, G, Nordmann, P, Nougairède, A, Novais, A, Nygard, K, Oliveira, D, Orth, D, Ortiz, JR, Osherov, N, Österblad, M, Ostrosky-Zeichner, L, Pagano, L, Palamara, AT, Pallares, R, Panagopoulou, P, Pandey, P, Panepinto, J, Pappas, G, Parkins, M, Parola, P, Pasqualotto, A, Pasteran, F, Paul, M, Pawlotsky, J-M, Peeters, M, Peixe, L, Pepin, J, Peralta, G, Pereyre, S, Perfect, JR, Petinaki, E, Petric, M, Pettigrew, M, Pfaller, M, Philipp, M, Phillips, G, Pichichero, M, Pierangeli, A, Pierard, D, Pigrau, C, Pilishvili, T, Pinto, F, Pistello, M, Pitout, J, Poirel, L, Poli, G, Poppert, S, Posfay-Barbe, K, Pothier, P, Poxton, I, Poyart, C, Pozzetto, B, Pujol, M, Pulcini, C, Punyadeera, C, Ramirez, M, Ranque, S, Raoult, D, Rasigade, J-P, Re, MC, Reilly, JS, Reinert, R, Renaud, B, Rice, L, Rich, S, Richet, H, Rigouts, L, Riva, E, Rizzo, C, Robotham, J, Rodicio, MR, Rodriguez, J, Rodriguez-Bano, J, Rogier, C, Roilides, E, Rolain, J-M, Rooijakkers, S, Rooney, P, Rossi, F, Rotimi, V, Rottman, M, Roux, V, Ruhe, J, Russo, G, Sadowy, E, Sagel, U, Said, SI, Saijo, M, Sak, B, Sa-Leao, R, Sanders, EAM, Sanguinetti, M, Sarrazin, C, Savelkoul, P, Scheifele, D, Schmidt, W-P, Schønheyder, H, Schönrich, G, Schrenzel, J, Schubert, S, Schwarz, K, Schwarz, S, Sefton, A, Segondy, M, Seifert, H, Seng, P, Senneville, E, Sexton, D, Shafer, RW, Shalit, I, Shankar, N, Shata, TM, Shields, J, Sibley, C, Sicinschi, L, Siljander, T, Simitsopoulou, M, Simoons-Smit, AM, Sissoko, D, Sjögren, J, Skiada, A, Skoczynska, A, Skov, R, Slack, M, Sogaard, M, Sola, C, Soriano, A, Sotto, A, Sougakoff, W, Souli, M, Spelberg, B, Spelman, D, Spiliopoulou, I, Springer, B, Stefani, S, Stein, A, Steinbach, WJ, Steinbakk, M, Strakova, L, Strenger, V, Sturm, P, Sullivan, P, Sutton, D, Symmons, D, Tacconelli, E, Tamalet, C, Tang, JW, Tang, Y-W, Tattevin, P, Thibault, V, Thomsen, RW, Thuny, F, Tong, S, Torres, C, Townsend, R, Tristan, A, Trouillet, J-L, Tsai, H-C, Tsitsopoulos, P, Tuerlinckx, D, Tulkens, P, Tumbarello, M, Tureen, J, Turnidge, JD, Turriziani, O, Tutuian, R, Uçkay, I, Upton, M, Vabret, A, Vamvakas, EC, van den Boom, D, Van Eldere, J, van Leeuwen, W, van Strijp, J, Van Veen, S, Vandamme, P, Vandenesch, F, Vayssier, M, Velin, D, Venditti, M, Venter, M, Venuti, A, Vergnaud, G, Verheij, T, Verhofstede, C, Viscoli, C, Vizza, CD, Vogel, U, Waller, A, Wang, YF, Warn, P, Warris, A, Wauters, G, Weidmann, M, Weill, F-X, Weinberger, M, Welch, D, Wellinghausen, N, Wheat, J, Widmer, A, Wild, F, Willems, R, Willinger, B, Winstanley, C, Witte, W, Wolff, M, Wong, F, Wootton, M, Wyllie, D, Xu, W, Yamamoto, S, Yaron, S, Yildirim, I, Zaoutis, T, Zazzi, M, Zbinden, R, Zehender, Gianguglielmo G, Zemlickova, H, Zerbini, ML, Zhang, L, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Y-D, Zhu, Z, and Zimmerli, W

Published
2011
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23. Molecular epidemiology of astrovirus infection in Italian children with gastroenteritis

Author

DE GRAZIA, S, Giammanco, G. M., Colomba, C, Bonina, L, Cascio, Antonio, Arista, S., DE GRAZIA, S., Giammanco, G., Colomba, C., Cascio, A., Arista, S., DE GRAZIA S, GIAMMANCO GM, COLOMBA C, BONINA L, CASCIO A, and ARISTA S

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia Clinica, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Virus, Astrovirus, Cell Line, children, Astroviridae Infections, medicine, Humans, Typing, Phylogeny, Molecular Epidemiology, Molecular epidemiology, biology, business.industry, typing, Infant, General Medicine, Human astrovirus, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Gastroenteritis, Molecular Epidemiology* Astroviridae Infections/*epidemiology Gastroenteritis/*epidemiology Mamastrovirus/*genetics Astroviridae Infections/virology, diarrhoea, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Child, Preschool, Immunology, astrovirus, epidemiology, Female, epidemiology, medicine.symptom, business, Mamastrovirus
Abstract

A 1-year study involving 157 gastroenteritis samples was conducted to investigate the role of human astrovirus, (HAstV) as a cause of gastroenteritis in Italian children aged < 2 years. The overall incidence of HAstV was 3.1%. Most cases occurred between March and May, and four of the five isolates were of the HAstV-1 type, the other being HAstV-3. Analysis of genetic variability showed that the three HAstV-1 isolates collected in 2000 clustered together, but separately from the 1999 isolate. The results indicated that HAstV should be considered as a potential diarrhoeal pathogen in Italian children. © 2004 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Published
2004

24. Molecular characterization of rotavirus strains from children with diarrhea in Italy, 2007-2009

Author

Ruggeri, Fm, Delogu, R, Petouchoff, T, Tcheremenskaia, O, De Petris, S, Fiore, L, RotaNet Italy Study Group: Pompa MG, Francesca, R, Zanella, F, Cesco, D, Sartore, P, Micera, M, Zotti, Carla Maria, Cacello, E, Balbi, L, Barbi, M, Binda, S, Primache, V, Iorio, Am, Camilloni, B, Basileo, M, Medici, Mc, Chezzi, C, Abelli, L, Rizzo, C, Giammanco, Gm, De Grazia, S, Angela, M, Chironna, M, Sallustio, A, Germinario, C, Tanzi, Ml, Pietrosemoli, P, D'Errico, M, Marigliano, A, Comodo, N, Lorini, C, Martella, V, Storelli, S, Cocchi, P, Festini, F, De Rosa, M, Chisari, M, Raglio, A, Zanchi, A, Onori, M, Danzi, G, Lazzarotto, T, Pedroni, M, Mignacca, A, Ansaldi, F, Mammì, P, Calabria, R., Ruggeri F.M., Delogu R., Petouchoff T., Tcheremenskaia O., De Petris S., Fiore L., Pompa M.G., Russo F., Zanella F., Cesco D., Sartore P., Micera M., Zotti C., Cacello E., Balbi L., Barbi M., Binda S., Primache V., Iorio A.M., Camilloni B., Basileo M., Medici M.C., Chezzi C., Abelli L., Rizzo C., Giammanco G.M., De Grazia S., Platia M.A., Chironna M., Sallustio A., Germinario C., Tanzi M.L., Pietrosemoli P., D'Errico M., Marigliano A., Comodo N., Lorini C., Martella V., Storelli S., Cocchi P., Festini F., De Rosa M., Chisari M., Raglio A., Zanchi A., Onori M., Danzi G., Lazzarotto T., Pedroni M., Mignacca A., Ansaldi F., Mammi P., Tcheremenskia O., De Pretis S., and RotaNet-Italy Study group.

Subjects
Diarrhea, Rotavirus, Genotyping, Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia Clinica, viruses, genotype, Reassortment, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rotavirus Infections, law.invention, strain, law, Virology, Genotype, Genetic variation, medicine, Humans, Polymerase chain reaction, Base Sequence, Molecular epidemiology, Infant, Newborn, Rotavirus Vaccines, Genetic Variation, Infant, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Rotaviru, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Child, Preschool, surveillance, RNA, Viral, medicine.symptom, Reassortant Viruses
Abstract

The surveillance network RotaNet-Italia was established in 2007 in order to investigate the diversity of co-circulating rotavirus strains in Italy, and to provide a baseline for future assessment of possible effects of vaccine implementation in selecting novel versus common rotavirus strains. A total of 2,645 rotavirus strains from pediatric patients with acute diarrhea were collected over three consecutive seasons from September 2006 through August 2009, and partially characterized by standardized multiplex RT-PCR. Most of strains (89.1%) belonged to genotypes G1–G4, and G9, associated with either P[8] or P[4], commonly found in humans worldwide. However, in at least 2.0% of cases, viruses exhibited either a G or P type typical of animal viral strains, suggesting gene reassortment events between rotaviruses of different origin. Mixed infections with two or more rotavirus strains were observed frequently (7.6% of patients), and depended on the frequencies of co-circulating rotaviruses of one particular genotype. The numbers and genotypes of likely natural reassortants of common genotype rotaviruses were found to be correlated with the observed numbers and genotypes of mixed infections. Large variation in the relative frequency of different rotavirus genotypes was observed between different seasons and/or areas of Italy, suggesting independent evolution or differential introduction of viral strains with respect to both time and space. J. Med. Virol. 83:1657–1668

Published
2011

25. Variant GII.4 noroviruses in Italian children

Author

Ramirez, S, DE GRAZIA, S, Colomba, C, Cascio, Antonio, Aiello, P, Rotolo, V, Giammanco, Gm, RAMIREZ, S, de GRAZIA, S, COLOMBA, C, CASCIO, A, AIELLO, P, ROTOLO, V, and GIAMMANCO, G

Subjects
Noroviru, Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia Clinica, genotyping, Italy, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, GII.4 genotype
Abstract

Objectives: Among human noroviruses (NoVs), a few genogroup II strains of genotype 4 (GII.4) are dominant worldwide. GII.4 NoVs evolve rapidly and in 2006 two new epidemic variants have been identified. To investigate the circulation of GII.4 NoV variants in Italy a sequence analysis was performed on NoV strains obtained from children hospitalized for sporadic viral gastroenteritis in Palermo. Methods: A total of 465 faecal specimens were collected from children (< 5 years) hospitalized from January 2005 to December 2006. The presence of NoVs was detected by RT-PCR using primers JV12/JV13, targeting the region A of the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) gene. NoV strains were genotyped by RdRp restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with XmnI, BstXI and sequence analysis of region A and of the ORF1/ORF2 junction region obtained with primer pair GIISKR/GIIFBN1-2-3. Phylogenetic analysis including isolates from the 2002-2004 surveillance was carried out using the software MEGA version 4. Results: Viral gastroenteritis surveillance resulted in the detection of NoV strains in 20.9% of the patients admitted to hospital. RFLP and sequence analysis of the RdRp gene allowed to successfully characterise 59 NoV strains. Eighty-one % of the strains were characterized as GII.4, 14% as GIIb/Hilversum and 5% as GI.1. Phylogenetic analysis of region A and of the ORF1/ORF2 overlapping region of the GII.4 strains recovered in Palermo in the years 2002-2006 revealed the sequential emergence of four variants, GII.4 2002, 2004, 2006a and 2006b. The variant GII.4 2006a was detected in June and July, 2006, while the variant 2006b first appeared in August, 2006, becoming predominant thereafter. Conclusion: The high detection rate of GII.4 NoVs in Italian children with gastroenteritis confirms their prominent role as human enteropathogens. At least four distinct GII.4 NoV variants appeared in Palermo in the last years and their dynamics of replacement and circulation in 2005-2006 appear to have matched the temporal pattern observed in Europe during the same period.

Published
2009

28. Enterite da Noravirus nei bambini ospedalizzati a Palermo

Author

COLOMBA, Claudia, SAPORITO, Laura, RUBINO, Raffaella, GIAMMANCO, Giovanni, ARISTA, Serenella, TITONE LANZA DI SCALEA, Lucina, DE GRAZIA S, COLOMBA C, SAPORITO L, RUBINO R, DE GRAZIA S, GIAMMANCO GM, ARISTA S, and TITONE L

Published
2006

29. Heterogeneity and dynamics of evolution of G1 human rotavirus in Palermo: alternate circulation of different lineages and sub-lineages

Author

Arista, S, Giammanco, G. M., DE GRAZIA, S, Ramirez, S, LO BIUNDO, C, Colomba, C, Cascio, Antonio, Martella, V., Arista, S., Giammanco, G., DE GRAZIA, S., Ramirez, S., LO BIUNDO, C., Colomba, C., Cascio, A., and Martella, V.

Subjects
rotavirus, G1
Abstract

A rotavirus sample collection from 19 consecutive years was used to investigate the heterogeneity and the dynamics of evolution of G1 rotavirus strains in a geographically defined population. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene sequences of G1P[8] human rotavirus strains showed the circulation of a heterogeneous population comprising three lineages and seven sublineages. Increases in the circulation of G1 rotaviruses were apparently associated with the introduction of novel G1 strains that exhibited multiple amino acid changes in antigenic regions involved in rotavirus neutralization compared to the strains circulating in the previous years. The emergence and/or introduction of G1 antigenic variants might be responsible for the continuous circulation of G1 rotaviruses in the local population, with the various lineages and sublineages appearing, disappearing, or cocirculating in an alternate fashion under the influence of immune-pressure mechanisms. Sequence analysis of VP4-encoding genes of the G1 strains revealed that the older strains were associated with a unique VP4 lineage, while a novel VP4 lineage emerged after 1995. The introduction of human rotavirus vaccines might alter the forces and balances that drive rotavirus evolution and determine the spread of novel strains that are antigenically different from those included in the vaccine formulations. The continuous emergence of VP7-VP4 gene combinations in human rotavirus strains should be taken into consideration when devising vaccination strategies.

Published
2006

48. Analysis of early strains of the norovirus pandemic variant GII.4 Sydney 2012 identifies mutations in adaptive sites of the capsid protein

Author

Giammanco, G.M., primary, De Grazia, S., additional, Terio, V., additional, Lanave, G., additional, Catella, C., additional, Bonura, F., additional, Saporito, L., additional, Medici, M.C., additional, Tummolo, F., additional, Calderaro, A., additional, Bányai, K., additional, Hansman, G., additional, and Martella, V., additional

Published
2014
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