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1. Shock location and CME 3D reconstruction of a solar type II radio burst with LOFAR

Author

Zucca, P., Morosan, D. E., Rouillard, A. P., Fallows, R., Gallagher, P. T., Magdalenic, J., Klein, K-L., Mann, G., Vocks, C., Carley, E. P., Bisi, M. M., Kontar, E. P., Rothkaehl, H., Dabrowski, B., Krankowski, A., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Best, P., Blaauw, R., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Brouw, W. N., Bruggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., Deller, A., Duscha, S., Eisloffel, J., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J. M., Gunst, A. W., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Horandel, J., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., van Leeuwen, J., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mulder, H., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey, V. N., Pekal, R., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Rowlinson, A., Schwarz, D. J., Shulevski, A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Soida, M., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M. C., Vermeulen, R., van Weeren, R. J., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Type II radio bursts are evidence of shocks in the solar atmosphere and inner heliosphere that emit radio waves ranging from sub-meter to kilometer lengths. These shocks may be associated with CMEs and reach speeds higher than the local magnetosonic speed. Radio imaging of decameter wavelengths (20-90 MHz) is now possible with LOFAR, opening a new radio window in which to study coronal shocks that leave the inner solar corona and enter the interplanetary medium and to understand their association with CMEs. To this end, we study a coronal shock associated with a CME and type II radio burst to determine the locations at which the radio emission is generated, and we investigate the origin of the band-splitting phenomenon., Comment: 7 Figures, 9 Pages

Published
2018
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2. The Association of a J-burst with a Solar Jet

Author

Morosan, D. E., Gallagher, P. T., Fallows, R. A., Reid, H., Mann, G., Bisi, M. M., Magdalenic, J., Rucker, H. O., Thide, B., Vocks, C., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Best, P., Blaauw, R., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Bruggen, M., Cerrigone, L., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., Duscha, S., Eisloffel, J., Falcke, H., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J. M., Gunst, A. W., Hoeft, M., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Kuper, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Schwarz, D. J., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Tagger, M., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M. C., Vermeulen, R., van Weeren, R. J., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The Sun is an active star that produces large-scale energetic events such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections and numerous smaller-scale events such as solar jets. These events are often associated with accelerated particles that can cause emission at radio wavelengths. The reconfiguration of the solar magnetic field in the corona is believed to be the cause of the majority of solar energetic events and accelerated particles. Aims. Here, we investigate a bright J-burst that was associated with a solar jet and the possible emission mechanism causing these two phenomena. Methods. We used data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to observe a solar jet, and radio data from the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and the Nan\c{c}ay Radioheliograph (NRH) to observe a J-burst over a broad frequency range (33-173 MHz) on 9 July 2013 at ~11:06 UT. Results. The J-burst showed fundamental and harmonic components and it was associated with a solar jet observed at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths with SDO. The solar jet occurred at a time and location coincident with the radio burst, in the northern hemisphere, and not inside a group of complex active regions in the southern hemisphere. The jet occurred in the negative polarity region of an area of bipolar plage. Newly emerged positive flux in this region appeared to be the trigger of the jet. Conclusions. Magnetic reconnection between the overlying coronal field lines and the newly emerged positive field lines is most likely the cause of the solar jet. Radio imaging provides a clear association between the jet and the J-burst which shows the path of the accelerated electrons., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures

Published
2017
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3. LBCS: the LOFAR Long-Baseline Calibrator Survey

Author

Jackson, N., Tagore, A., Deller, A., Moldón, J., Varenius, E., Morabito, L., Wucknitz, O., Carozzi, T., Conway, J., Drabent, A., Kapinska, A., Orrù, E., Brentjens, M., Blaauw, R., Kuper, G., Sluman, J., Schaap, J., Vermaas, N., Iacobelli, M., Cerrigone, L., Shulevski, A., ter Veen, S., Fallows, R., Pizzo, R., Sipior, M., Anderson, J., Avruch, M., Bell, M., van Bemmel, I., Bentum, M., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brouw, W., Brüggen, M., Ciardi, B., Corstanje, A., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Garrett, M., Griessmeier, J., Gunst, A., van Haarlem, M., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Intema, H., Juette, E., Kuniyoshi, M., van Leeuwen, J., Loose, G., Maat, P., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J., Mulcahy, D., Munk, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Polatidis, A., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Rowlinson, A., Scaife, A., Schwarz, D., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R., Wise, M., Yatawatta, S., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

(abridged). We outline LBCS (the LOFAR Long-Baseline Calibrator Survey), whose aim is to identify sources suitable for calibrating the highest-resolution observations made with the International LOFAR Telescope, which include baselines >1000 km. Suitable sources must contain significant correlated flux density (50-100mJy) at frequencies around 110--190~MHz on scales of a few hundred mas. At least for the 200--300-km international baselines, we find around 1 suitable calibrator source per square degree over a large part of the northern sky, in agreement with previous work. This should allow a randomly selected target to be successfully phase calibrated on the international baselines in over 50% of cases. Products of the survey include calibrator source lists and fringe-rate and delay maps of wide areas -- typically a few degrees -- around each source. The density of sources with significant correlated flux declines noticeably with baseline length over the range 200--600~km, with good calibrators on the longest baselines appearing only at the rate of 0.5 per square degree. Coherence times decrease from 1--3 minutes on 200-km baselines to about 1 minute on 600-km baselines, suggesting that ionospheric phase variations contain components with scales of a few hundred kilometres. The longest median coherence time, at just over 3 minutes, is seen on the DE609 baseline, which at 227km is close to being the shortest. We see median coherence times of between 80 and 110 seconds on the four longest baselines (580--600~km), and about 2 minutes for the other baselines. The success of phase transfer from calibrator to target is shown to be influenced by distance, in a manner that suggests a coherence patch at 150-MHz of the order of 1 degree., Comment: Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics. Error in figure 6 corrected

Published
2016
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4. A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 10^{17} - 10^{17.5} eV from radio observations

Author

Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J. R., Huege, T., Nelles, A., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Schellart, P ., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Trinh, T. N. G., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Brouw, W. N., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Carbone, D., Ciardi, B., Conway, J. E., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Deller, A., Dettmar, R. -J., van Diepen, G., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Enriquez, J. E., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J. M., Gunst, A. W., van Haarlem, M. P., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Intema, H., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Loose, G. M., Maat, P., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Mevius, M., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pietka, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H. J. A., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D. J., Serylak, M., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Stewart, A., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Toribio, M. C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wijnholds, S. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., and Zensus, J. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Cosmic rays are the highest energy particles found in nature. Measurements of the mass composition of cosmic rays between 10^{17} eV and 10^{18} eV are essential to understand whether this energy range is dominated by Galactic or extragalactic sources. It has also been proposed that the astrophysical neutrino signal comes from accelerators capable of producing cosmic rays of these energies. Cosmic rays initiate cascades of secondary particles (air showers) in the atmosphere and their masses are inferred from measurements of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, Xmax, or the composition of shower particles reaching the ground. Current measurements suffer from either low precision, or a low duty cycle and a high energy threshold. Radio detection of cosmic rays is a rapidly developing technique, suitable for determination of Xmax with a duty cycle of in principle nearly 100%. The radiation is generated by the separation of relativistic charged particles in the geomagnetic field and a negative charge excess in the shower front. Here we report radio measurements of Xmax with a mean precision of 16 g/cm^2 between 10^{17}-10^{17.5} eV. Because of the high resolution in $Xmax we can determine the mass spectrum and find a mixed composition, containing a light mass fraction of ~80%. Unless the extragalactic component becomes significant already below 10^{17.5} eV, our measurements indicate an additional Galactic component dominating at this energy range., Comment: 35 pages, 11 figures, updated version: Pierre Auger Observatory data ICRC 2015 added to Fig 2

Published
2016
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5. LOFAR MSSS: Detection of a low-frequency radio transient in 400 hrs of monitoring of the North Celestial Pole

Author

Stewart, A. J., Fender, R. P., Broderick, J. W., Hassall, T. E., Muñoz-Darias, T., Rowlinson, A., Swinbank, J. D., Staley, T. D., Molenaar, G. J., Scheers, B., Grobler, T. L., Pietka, M., Heald, G., McKean, J. P., Bell, M. E., Bonafede, A., Breton, R. P., Carbone, D., Cendes, Y., Clarke, A. O., Corbel, S., de Gasperin, F., Eislöffel, J., Falcke, H., Ferrari, C., Grießmeier, J. -M., Hardcastle, M. J., Heesen, V., Hessels, J. W. T., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Jonker, P., Karastergiou, A., Kokotanekov, G., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Law, C. J., van Leeuwen, J., Markoff, S., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Mulcahy, D., Orru, E., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pratley, L., Rol, E., Röttgering, H. J. A., Scaife, A. M. M., Shulevski, A., Sobey, C. A., Stappers, B. W., Tasse, C., van der Horst, A. J., van Velzen, S., van Weeren, R. J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wijnands, R., Wise, M., Zarka, P., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Breitling, F., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Conway, J. E., Corstanje, A., de Geus, E., Deller, A., Duscha, S., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Gunst, A. W., van Haarlem, M. P., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Juette, E., Kuper, G., Loose, M., Maat, P., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Moldon, J., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Paas, H., Polatidis, A. G., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M. C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wijnholds, S. J., Wucknitz, O., and Yatawatta, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the results of a four-month campaign searching for low-frequency radio transients near the North Celestial Pole with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), as part of the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS). The data were recorded between 2011 December and 2012 April and comprised 2149 11-minute snapshots, each covering 175 deg^2. We have found one convincing candidate astrophysical transient, with a duration of a few minutes and a flux density at 60 MHz of 15-25 Jy. The transient does not repeat and has no obvious optical or high-energy counterpart, as a result of which its nature is unclear. The detection of this event implies a transient rate at 60 MHz of 3.9 (+14.7, -3.7) x 10^-4 day^-1 deg^-2, and a transient surface density of 1.5 x 10^-5 deg^-2, at a 7.9-Jy limiting flux density and ~10-minute time-scale. The campaign data were also searched for transients at a range of other time-scales, from 0.5 to 297 min, which allowed us to place a range of limits on transient rates at 60 MHz as a function of observation duration., Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2015
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6. Imaging Jupiter's radiation belts down to 127 MHz with LOFAR

Author

Girard, J. N., Zarka, P., Tasse, C., Hess, S., de Pater, I., Santos-Costa, D., Nenon, Q., Sicard, A., Bourdarie, S., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Bell, M. E., van Bemmel, I., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Breton, R. P., Broderick, J. W., Brouw, W. N., Brüggen, M., Ciardi, B., Corbel, S., Corstanje, A., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Deller, A., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Falcke, H., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Loose, M., Maat, P., Mann, G., Markov, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Moldon, J., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Rowlinson, A., Schwarz, D., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M. C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., and Wucknitz, O.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. Observing Jupiter's synchrotron emission from the Earth remains today the sole method to scrutinize the distribution and dynamical behavior of the ultra energetic electrons magnetically trapped around the planet (because in-situ particle data are limited in the inner magnetosphere). Aims. We perform the first resolved and low-frequency imaging of the synchrotron emission with LOFAR at 127 MHz. The radiation comes from low energy electrons (~1-30 MeV) which map a broad region of Jupiter's inner magnetosphere. Methods (see article for complete abstract) Results. The first resolved images of Jupiter's radiation belts at 127-172 MHz are obtained along with total integrated flux densities. They are compared with previous observations at higher frequencies and show a larger extent of the synchrotron emission source (>=4 $R_J$). The asymmetry and the dynamic of east-west emission peaks are measured and the presence of a hot spot at lambda_III=230 {\deg} $\pm$ 25 {\deg}. Spectral flux density measurements are on the low side of previous (unresolved) ones, suggesting a low-frequency turnover and/or time variations of the emission spectrum. Conclusions. LOFAR is a powerful and flexible planetary imager. The observations at 127 MHz depict an extended emission up to ~4-5 planetary radii. The similarities with high frequency results reinforce the conclusion that: i) the magnetic field morphology primarily shapes the brightness distribution of the emission and ii) the radiating electrons are likely radially and latitudinally distributed inside about 2 $R_J$. Nonetheless, the larger extent of the brightness combined with the overall lower flux density, yields new information on Jupiter's electron distribution, that may shed light on the origin and mode of transport of these particles., Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A (27/11/2015) - abstract edited because of limited characters

Published
2015
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7. Wide-Band, Low-Frequency Pulse Profiles of 100 Radio Pulsars with LOFAR

Author

Pilia, M., Hessels, J. W. T., Stappers, B. W., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., van Leeuwen, J., Weltevrede, P., Lyne, A. G., Zagkouris, K., Hassall, T. E., Bilous, A. V., Breton, R. P., Falcke, H., Grießmeier, J. -M., Keane, E., Karastergiou, A., Kuniyoshi, M., Noutsos, A., Osłowski, S., Serylak, M., Sobey, C., ter Veen, S., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Bîrzan, L., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Brüggen, M., Ciardi, B., Corbel, S., de Geus, E., de Jong, A., Deller, A., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Heald, G., Horneffer, A., Jonker, P., Juette, E., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Nelles, A., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pietka, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Rowlinson, A., Schwarz, D., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Stewart, A., Swinbank, J. D., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M. C., van der Horst, A. J., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wijnands, R., Wijnholds, S. J., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

LOFAR offers the unique capability of observing pulsars across the 10-240 MHz frequency range with a fractional bandwidth of roughly 50%. This spectral range is well-suited for studying the frequency evolution of pulse profile morphology caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic effects: such as changing emission altitude in the pulsar magnetosphere or scatter broadening by the interstellar medium, respectively. The magnitude of most of these effects increases rapidly towards low frequencies. LOFAR can thus address a number of open questions about the nature of radio pulsar emission and its propagation through the interstellar medium. We present the average pulse profiles of 100 pulsars observed in the two LOFAR frequency bands: High Band (120-167 MHz, 100 profiles) and Low Band (15-62 MHz, 26 profiles). We compare them with Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) and Lovell Telescope observations at higher frequencies (350 and1400 MHz) in order to study the profile evolution. The profiles are aligned in absolute phase by folding with a new set of timing solutions from the Lovell Telescope, which we present along with precise dispersion measures obtained with LOFAR. We find that the profile evolution with decreasing radio frequency does not follow a specific trend but, depending on the geometry of the pulsar, new components can enter into, or be hidden from, view. Nonetheless, in general our observations confirm the widening of pulsar profiles at low frequencies, as expected from radius-to-frequency mapping or birefringence theories. We offer this catalog of low-frequency pulsar profiles in a user friendly way via the EPN Database of Pulsar Profiles (http://www.epta.eu.org/epndb/)., Comment: 38 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, A&A in press, updated with editorial corrections

Published
2015
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8. The LOFAR Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS) I. Survey description and first results

Author

Heald, G. H., Pizzo, R. F., Orrú, E., Breton, R. P., Carbone, D., Ferrari, C., Hardcastle, M. J., Jurusik, W., Macario, G., Mulcahy, D., Rafferty, D., Asgekar, A., Brentjens, M., Fallows, R. A., Frieswijk, W., Toribio, M. C., Adebahr, B., Arts, M., Bell, M. R., Bonafede, A., Bray, J., Broderick, J., Cantwell, T., Carroll, P., Cendes, Y., Clarke, A. O., Croston, J., Daiboo, S., de Gasperin, F., Gregson, J., Harwood, J., Hassall, T., Heesen, V., Horneffer, A., van der Horst, A. J., Iacobelli, M., Jelić, V., Jones, D., Kant, D., Kokotanekov, G., Martin, P., McKean, J. P., Morabito, L. K., Nikiel-Wroczyński, B., Offringa, A., Pandey, V. N., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pietka, M., Pratley, L., Riseley, C., Rowlinson, A., Sabater, J., Scaife, A. M. M., Scheers, L. H. A., Sendlinger, K., Shulevski, A., Sipior, M., Sobey, C., Stewart, A. J., Stroe, A., Swinbank, J., Tasse, C., Trüstedt, J., Varenius, E., van Velzen, S., Vilchez, N., van Weeren, R. J., Wijnholds, S., Williams, W. L., de Bruyn, A. G., Nijboer, R., Wise, M., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., van Bemmel, I., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Breitling, F., Brouw, W. N., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Conway, J. E., de Geus, E., de Jong, A., de Vos, M., Deller, A., Dettmar, R. J., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Fender, R., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Holties, H. A., Intema, H., Jackson, N. J., Jütte, E., Karastergiou, A., Klijn, W. F. A., Kondratiev, V. I., Koopmans, L. V. E., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Law, C., van Leeuwen, J., Loose, M., Maat, P., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mevius, M., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Morganti, R., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Noordam, J. E., Norden, M. J., Paas, H., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Renting, A., Röttgering, H., Schoenmakers, A., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS), the first northern-sky LOFAR imaging survey. In this introductory paper, we first describe in detail the motivation and design of the survey. Compared to previous radio surveys, MSSS is exceptional due to its intrinsic multifrequency nature providing information about the spectral properties of the detected sources over more than two octaves (from 30 to 160 MHz). The broadband frequency coverage, together with the fast survey speed generated by LOFAR's multibeaming capabilities, make MSSS the first survey of the sort anticipated to be carried out with the forthcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Two of the sixteen frequency bands included in the survey were chosen to exactly overlap the frequency coverage of large-area Very Large Array (VLA) and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) surveys at 74 MHz and 151 MHz respectively. The survey performance is illustrated within the "MSSS Verification Field" (MVF), a region of 100 square degrees centered at J2000 (RA,Dec)=(15h,69deg). The MSSS results from the MVF are compared with previous radio survey catalogs. We assess the flux and astrometric uncertainties in the catalog, as well as the completeness and reliability considering our source finding strategy. We determine the 90% completeness levels within the MVF to be 100 mJy at 135 MHz with 108" resolution, and 550 mJy at 50 MHz with 166" resolution. Images and catalogs for the full survey, expected to contain 150,000-200,000 sources, will be released to a public web server. We outline the plans for the ongoing production of the final survey products, and the ultimate public release of images and source catalogs., Comment: 23 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. MSSS Verification Field images and catalog data may be downloaded from http://vo.astron.nl

Published
2015
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9. LOFAR tied-array imaging and spectroscopy of solar S bursts

Author

Morosan, D. E., Gallagher, P. T., Zucca, P., O'Flannagain, A., Fallows, R., Reid, H., Magdalenic, J., Mann, G., Bisi, M. M., Kerdraon, A., Konovalenko, A. A., MacKinnon, A. L., Rucker, H. O., Thide, B., Vocks, C., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Brouw, W. N., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., Eisloffel, J., Falcke, H., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Munk, H., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Scaife, A. M. M., Sluman, J., Tasse, C., Toribio, M. C., Vermeulen, R., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The Sun is an active source of radio emission that is often associated with energetic phenomena ranging from nanoflares to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). At low radio frequencies (<100 MHz), numerous millisecond duration radio bursts have been reported, such as radio spikes or solar S bursts (where S stands for short). To date, these have neither been studied extensively nor imaged because of the instrumental limitations of previous radio telescopes. Aims. Here, Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) observations were used to study the spectral and spatial characteristics of a multitude of S bursts, as well as their origin and possible emission mechanisms. Methods. We used 170 simultaneous tied-array beams for spectroscopy and imaging of S bursts. Since S bursts have short timescales and fine frequency structures, high cadence (~50 ms) tied-array images were used instead of standard interferometric imaging, that is currently limited to one image per second. Results. On 9 July 2013, over 3000 S bursts were observed over a time period of ~8 hours. S bursts were found to appear as groups of short-lived (<1 s) and narrow-bandwidth (~2.5 MHz) features, the majority drifting at ~3.5 MHz/s and a wide range of circular polarisation degrees (2-8 times more polarised than the accompanying Type III bursts). Extrapolation of the photospheric magnetic field using the potential field source surface (PFSS) model suggests that S bursts are associated with a trans-equatorial loop system that connects an active region in the southern hemisphere to a bipolar region of plage in the northern hemisphere. Conclusions. We have identified polarised, short-lived solar radio bursts that have never been imaged before. They are observed at a height and frequency range where plasma emission is the dominant emission mechanism, however they possess some of the characteristics of electron-cyclotron maser emission., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2015
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10. LOFAR discovery of a quiet emission mode in PSR B0823+26

Author

Sobey, C., Young, N. J., Hessels, J. W. T., Weltevrede, P., Noutsos, A., Stappers, B. W., Kramer, M., Bassa, C., Lyne, A. G., Kondratiev, V. I., Hassall, T. E., Keane, E. F., Bilous, A. V., Breton, R. P., Grießmeier, J. -M., Karastergiou, A., Pilia, M., Serylak, M., ter Veen, S., van Leeuwen, J., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bîrzan, L., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Corstanje, A., Carbone, D., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., van Duin, A., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Jütte, E., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Norden, M. J., Orrù, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pietka, G., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Rafferty, D., Renting, A., Röttgering, H., Rowlinson, A., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Stewart, A., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

PSR B0823+26, a 0.53-s radio pulsar, displays a host of emission phenomena over timescales of seconds to (at least) hours, including nulling, subpulse drifting, and mode-changing. Studying pulsars like PSR B0823+26 provides further insight into the relationship between these various emission phenomena and what they might teach us about pulsar magnetospheres. Here we report on the LOFAR discovery that PSR B0823+26 has a weak and sporadically emitting 'quiet' (Q) emission mode that is over 100 times weaker (on average) and has a nulling fraction forty-times greater than that of the more regularly-emitting 'bright' (B) mode. Previously, the pulsar has been undetected in the Q-mode, and was assumed to be nulling continuously. PSR B0823+26 shows a further decrease in average flux just before the transition into the B-mode, and perhaps truly turns off completely at these times. Furthermore, simultaneous observations taken with the LOFAR, Westerbork, Lovell, and Effelsberg telescopes between 110 MHz and 2.7 GHz demonstrate that the transition between the Q-mode and B-mode occurs within one single rotation of the neutron star, and that it is concurrent across the range of frequencies observed., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2015

11. The peculiar radio galaxy 4C 35.06: a case for recurrent AGN activity?

Author

Shulevski, A., Morganti, R., Barthel, P. D., Murgia, M., van Weeren, R. J., White, G. J., Brüggen, M., Kunert-Bajraszewska, M., Jamrozy, M., Best, P. N., Röttgering, H. J. A., Chyzy, K. T., de Gasperin, F., Bîrzan, L., Brunetti, G., Brienza, M., Rafferty, D. A., Anderson, J., Beck, R., Deller, A., Zarka, P., Schwarz, D., Mahony, E., Orrú, E., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Butcher, H. R., Carbone, D., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., van der Horst, A. J., Intema, H., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Meulman, H., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Rowlinson, A., Scaife, A. M. M., Serylak, M., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M. C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M. W., and Wucknitz, O.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Using observations obtained with the LOw Fequency ARray (LOFAR), the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) and archival Very Large Array (VLA) data, we have traced the radio emission to large scales in the complex source 4C 35.06 located in the core of the galaxy cluster Abell 407. At higher spatial resolution (~4"), the source was known to have two inner radio lobes spanning 31 kpc and a diffuse, low-brightness extension running parallel to them, offset by about 11 kpc (in projection). At 62 MHz, we detect the radio emission of this structure extending out to 210 kpc. At 1.4 GHz and intermediate spatial resolution (~30"), the structure appears to have a helical morphology. We have derived the characteristics of the radio spectral index across the source. We show that the source morphology is most likely the result of at least two episodes of AGN activity separated by a dormant period of around 35 Myr. The AGN is hosted by one of the galaxies located in the cluster core of Abell 407. We propose that it is intermittently active as it moves in the dense environment in the cluster core. Using LOFAR, we can trace the relic plasma from that episode of activity out to greater distances from the core than ever before. Using the the WSRT, we detect HI in absorption against the center of the radio source. The absorption profile is relatively broad (FWHM of 288 km/s), similar to what is found in other clusters. Understanding the duty cycle of the radio emission as well as the triggering mechanism for starting (or restarting) the radio-loud activity can provide important constraints to quantify the impact of AGN feedback on galaxy evolution. The study of these mechanisms at low frequencies using morphological and spectral information promises to bring new important insights in this field., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Accepted to A&A

Published
2015
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12. Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers

Author

Schellart, P., Trinh, T. N. G., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J. R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Ebert, U., Koehn, C., Rutjes, C., Alexov, A., Anderson, J. M., Avruch, I. M., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H. A., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Mevius, M., Moldon, J., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D. J., Serylak, M., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tasse, C., Toribio, M. C., van Weeren, R. J., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2015
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13. The LOFAR long baseline snapshot calibrator survey

Author

Moldón, J., Deller, A. T., Wucknitz, O., Jackson, N., Drabent, A., Carozzi, T., Conway, J., Kapińska, A. D., McKean, P., Morabito, L., Varenius, E., Zarka, P., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bîrzan, L., Bregman, J., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Carbone, D., Ciardi, B., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Morganti, R., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Offringa, A. R., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Rowlinson, A., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M. C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., White, S., Wise, M. W., Yatawatta, S., and Zensus, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Aims. An efficient means of locating calibrator sources for International LOFAR is developed and used to determine the average density of usable calibrator sources on the sky for subarcsecond observations at 140 MHz. Methods. We used the multi-beaming capability of LOFAR to conduct a fast and computationally inexpensive survey with the full International LOFAR array. Sources were pre-selected on the basis of 325 MHz arcminute-scale flux density using existing catalogues. By observing 30 different sources in each of the 12 sets of pointings per hour, we were able to inspect 630 sources in two hours to determine if they possess a sufficiently bright compact component to be usable as LOFAR delay calibrators. Results. Over 40% of the observed sources are detected on multiple baselines between international stations and 86 are classified as satisfactory calibrators. We show that a flat low-frequency spectrum (from 74 to 325 MHz) is the best predictor of compactness at 140 MHz. We extrapolate from our sample to show that the density of calibrators on the sky that are sufficiently bright to calibrate dispersive and non-dispersive delays for the International LOFAR using existing methods is 1.0 per square degree. Conclusions. The observed density of satisfactory delay calibrator sources means that observations with International LOFAR should be possible at virtually any point in the sky, provided that a fast and efficient search using the methodology described here is conducted prior to the observation to identify the best calibrator., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2014
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14. LOFAR low-band antenna observations of the 3C295 and Bootes fields: source counts and ultra-steep spectrum sources

Author

van Weeren, R. J., Williams, W. L., Tasse, C., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rafferty, D. A., van der Tol, S., Heald, G., White, G. J., Shulevski, A., Best, P., Intema, H. T., Bhatnagar, S., Reich, W., Steinmetz, M., van Velzen, S., Ensslin, T. A., Prandoni, I., de Gasperin, F., Jamrozy, M., Brunetti, G., Jarvis, M. J., McKean, J. P., Wise, M. W., Ferrari, C., Harwood, J., Oonk, J. B. R., Hoeft, M., Kunert-Bajraszewska, M., Horellou, C., Wucknitz, O., Bonafede, A., Mohan, N. R., Scaife, A. M. M., Klockner, H. -R., van Bemmel, I. M., Merloni, A., Chyzy, K. T., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brouw, W. N., Bruggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Deller, A., Duscha, S., Eisloffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T. E., Horandel, J., van der Horst, A., Iacobelli, M., Jackson, N. J., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Maat, P., Mann, G., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mevius, M., Morganti, R., Munk, H., Offringa, A. R., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey, V. N., Pietka, G., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Renting, A., Rowlinson, A., Schwarz, D., Serylak, M., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Stewart, A., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present LOFAR Low Band observations of the Bootes and 3C295 fields. Our images made at 34, 46, and 62 MHz reach noise levels of 12, 8, and 5 mJy beam$^{-1}$, making them the deepest images ever obtained in this frequency range. In total, we detect between 300 and 400 sources in each of these images, covering an area of 17 to 52 deg$^{2}$. From the observations we derive Euclidean-normalized differential source counts. The 62 MHz source counts agree with previous GMRT 153 MHz and VLA 74 MHz differential source counts, scaling with a spectral index of $-0.7$. We find that a spectral index scaling of $-0.5$ is required to match up the LOFAR 34 MHz source counts. This result is also in agreement with source counts from the 38 MHz 8C survey, indicating that the average spectral index of radio sources flattens towards lower frequencies. We also find evidence for spectral flattening using the individual flux measurements of sources between 34 and 1400 MHz and by calculating the spectral index averaged over the source population. To select ultra-steep spectrum ($\alpha < -1.1$) radio sources, that could be associated with massive high redshift radio galaxies, we compute spectral indices between 62 MHz, 153 MHz and 1.4 GHz for sources in the Bo\"otes field. We cross-correlate these radio sources with optical and infrared catalogues and fit the spectral energy distribution to obtain photometric redshifts. We find that most of these ultra-steep spectrum sources are located in the $ 0.7 \lesssim z \lesssim 2.5$ range., Comment: 26 pages, 20 figures, ApJ in press

Published
2014
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15. The LOFAR Pilot Surveys for Pulsars and Fast Radio Transients

Author

Coenen, Thijs, van Leeuwen, Joeri, Hessels, Jason W. T., Stappers, Ben W., Kondratiev, Vladislav I., Alexov, A., Breton, R. P., Bilous, A., Cooper, S., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Gajjar, V., Grießmeier, J. -M., Hassall, T. E., Karastergiou, A., Keane, E. F., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Noutsos, A., Osłowski, S., Pilia, M., Serylak, M., Schrijvers, C., Sobey, C., ter Veen, S., Verbiest, J., Weltevrede, P., Wijnholds, S., Zagkouris, K., van Amesfoort, A. S., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Corstanje, A., Deller, A., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., van der Horst, A., Juette, E., Kuper, G., Law, C., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Munk, H., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Renting, A., Röttgering, H., Rowlinson, A., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wucknitz, O., Zarka, P., and Zensus, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We have conducted two pilot surveys for radio pulsars and fast transients with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) around 140 MHz and here report on the first low-frequency fast-radio burst limit and the discovery of two new pulsars. The first survey, the LOFAR Pilot Pulsar Survey (LPPS), observed a large fraction of the northern sky, ~1.4 x 10^4 sq. deg, with 1-hr dwell times. Each observation covered ~75 sq. deg using 7 independent fields formed by incoherently summing the high-band antenna fields. The second pilot survey, the LOFAR Tied-Array Survey (LOTAS), spanned ~600 sq. deg, with roughly a 5-fold increase in sensitivity compared with LPPS. Using a coherent sum of the 6 LOFAR "Superterp" stations, we formed 19 tied-array beams, together covering 4 sq. deg per pointing. From LPPS we derive a limit on the occurrence, at 142 MHz, of dispersed radio bursts of < 150 /day/sky, for bursts brighter than S > 107 Jy for the narrowest searched burst duration of 0.66 ms. In LPPS, we re-detected 65 previously known pulsars. LOTAS discovered two pulsars, the first with LOFAR or any digital aperture array. LOTAS also re-detected 27 previously known pulsars. These pilot studies show that LOFAR can efficiently carry out all-sky surveys for pulsars and fast transients, and they set the stage for further surveying efforts using LOFAR and the planned low-frequency component of the Square Kilometer Array., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for A&A

Published
2014
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16. Lunar occultation of the diffuse radio sky: LOFAR measurements between 35 and 80 MHz

Author

Vedantham, H. K., Koopmans, L. V. E., de Bruyn, A. G., Wijnholds, S. J., Brentjens, M., Abdalla, F. B., Asad, K. M. B., Bernardi, G., Bus, S., Chapman, E., Ciardi, B., Daiboo, S., Fernandez, E. R., Ghosh, A., Harker, G., Jelic, V., Jensen, H., Kazemi, S., Lambropoulos, P., Martinez-Rubi, O., Mellema, G., Mevius, M., Offringa, A. R., Pandey, V. N., Patil, A. H., Thomas, R. M., Veligatla, V., Yatawatta, S., Zaroubi, S., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Corstanje, A., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Deller, A., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Renting, A., Röttgering, H., Schwarz, D., Shulevski, A., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., vocks, C., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present radio observations of the Moon between $35$ and $80$ MHz to demonstrate a novel technique of interferometrically measuring large-scale diffuse emission extending far beyond the primary beam (global signal) for the first time. In particular, we show that (i) the Moon appears as a negative-flux source at frequencies $35<\nu<80$ MHz since it is `colder' than the diffuse Galactic background it occults, (ii) using the (negative) flux of the lunar disc, we can reconstruct the spectrum of the diffuse Galactic emission with the lunar thermal emission as a reference, and (iii) that reflected RFI (radio-frequency interference) is concentrated at the center of the lunar disc due to specular nature of reflection, and can be independently measured. Our RFI measurements show that (i) Moon-based Cosmic Dawn experiments must design for an Earth-isolation of better than $80$ dB to achieve an RFI temperature $<1$ mK, (ii) Moon-reflected RFI contributes to a dipole temperature less than $20$ mK for Earth-based Cosmic Dawn experiments, (iii) man-made satellite-reflected RFI temperature exceeds $20$ mK if the aggregate cross section of visible satellites exceeds $80$ m$^2$ at $800$ km height, or $5$ m$^2$ at $400$ km height. Currently, our diffuse background spectrum is limited by sidelobe confusion on short baselines (10-15% level). Further refinement of our technique may yield constraints on the redshifted global $21$-cm signal from Cosmic Dawn ($40>z>12$) and the Epoch of Reionization ($12>z>5$)., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, 1 table

Published
2014
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17. LOFAR tied-array imaging of Type III solar radio bursts

Author

Morosan, D. E., Gallagher, P. T., Zucca, P., Fallows, R., Carley, E. P., Mann, G., Bisi, M. M., Kerdraon, A., Konovalenko, A. A., MacKinnon, A. L., Rucker, H. O., Thidé, B., Magdalenić, J., Vocks, C., Reid, H., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Bregman, J., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Conway, J. E., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Deller, A., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hassall, T. E., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Markoff, S., McKean, J. P., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pietka, G., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D., Serylak, M., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Stewart, A., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., van Weeren, R. J., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The Sun is an active source of radio emission which is often associated with energetic phenomena such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). At low radio frequencies (<100 MHz), the Sun has not been imaged extensively because of the instrumental limitations of previous radio telescopes. Here, the combined high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) was used to study solar Type III radio bursts at 30-90 MHz and their association with CMEs. The Sun was imaged with 126 simultaneous tied-array beams within 5 solar radii of the solar centre. This method offers benefits over standard interferometric imaging since each beam produces high temporal (83 ms) and spectral resolution (12.5 kHz) dynamic spectra at an array of spatial locations centred on the Sun. LOFAR's standard interferometric output is currently limited to one image per second. Over a period of 30 minutes, multiple Type III radio bursts were observed, a number of which were found to be located at high altitudes (4 solar radii from the solar center at 30 MHz) and to have non-radial trajectories. These bursts occurred at altitudes in excess of values predicted by 1D radial electron density models. The non-radial high altitude Type III bursts were found to be associated with the expanding flank of a CME. The CME may have compressed neighbouring streamer plasma producing larger electron densities at high altitudes, while the non-radial burst trajectories can be explained by the deflection of radial magnetic fields as the CME expanded in the low corona., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures

Published
2014
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18. Initial LOFAR observations of Epoch of Reionization windows: II. Diffuse polarized emission in the ELAIS-N1 field

Author

Jelic, V., de Bruyn, A. G., Mevius, M., Abdalla, F. B., Asad, K. M. B., Bernardi, G., Brentjens, M. A., Bus, S., Chapman, E., Ciardi, B., Daiboo, S., Fernandez, E. R., Ghosh, A., Harker, G., Jensen, H., Kazemi, S., Koopmans, L. V. E., Labropoulos, P., Martinez-Rubi, O., Mellema, G., Offringa, A. R., Pandey, V. N., Patil, A. H., Thomas, R. M., Vedantham, H. K., Veligatla, V., Yatawatta, S., Zaroubi, S., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Bregman, J., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brouw, W. N., Bruggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Conway, J. E., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Deller, A., Dettmar, R. -J., Duscha, S., Eisloffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T. E., Haverkorn, M., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Horandel, J., Horneffer, A., van der Horst, A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Maat, P., Mann, G., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Norden, M. J., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pietka, G., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Rottgering, H., Rowlinson, A., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D., Serylak, M., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Stewart, A., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wijnholds, S. J., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This study aims to characterise the polarized foreground emission in the ELAIS-N1 field and to address its possible implications for the extraction of the cosmological 21-cm signal from the Low-Frequency Array - Epoch of Reionization (LOFAR-EoR) data. We use the high band antennas of LOFAR to image this region and RM-synthesis to unravel structures of polarized emission at high Galactic latitudes. The brightness temperature of the detected Galactic emission is on average 4 K in polarized intensity and covers the range from -10 to +13rad m^-2 in Faraday depth. The total polarized intensity and polarization angle show a wide range of morphological features. We have also used the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) at 350 MHz to image the same region. The LOFAR and WSRT images show a similar complex morphology, at comparable brightness levels, but their spatial correlation is very low. The fractional polarization at 150 MHz, expressed as a percentage of the total intensity, amounts to 1.5%. There is no indication of diffuse emission in total intensity in the interferometric data, in line with results at higher frequencies. The wide frequency range, good angular resolution and good sensitivity make LOFAR an exquisite instrument for studying Galactic polarized emission at a resolution of 1-2 rad m^-2 in Faraday depth. The different polarised patterns observed at 150 MHz and 350 MHz are consistent with different source distributions along the line of sight wring in a variety of Faraday thin regions of emission. The presence of polarised foregrounds is a serious complication for Epoch of Reionization experiments. To avoid the leakage of polarized emission into total intensity, which can depend on frequency, we need to calibrate the instrumental polarization across the field of view to a small fraction of 1%., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2014
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19. LOFAR Sparse Image Reconstruction

Author

Garsden, H., Girard, J. N., Starck, J. L., Corbel, S., Tasse, C., Woiselle, A., McKean, J. P., van Amesfoort, A. S., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bentum, M. J., Best, P., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., van der Horst, A., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pietka, G., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Renting, A., Röttgering, H., Rowlinson, A., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Stewart, A., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wijnholds, S. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., and Zensus, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) radio telescope is a giant digital phased array interferometer with multiple antennas distributed in Europe. It provides discrete sets of Fourier components of the sky brightness. Recovering the original brightness distribution with aperture synthesis forms an inverse problem that can be solved by various deconvolution and minimization methods Aims. Recent papers have established a clear link between the discrete nature of radio interferometry measurement and the "compressed sensing" (CS) theory, which supports sparse reconstruction methods to form an image from the measured visibilities. Empowered by proximal theory, CS offers a sound framework for efficient global minimization and sparse data representation using fast algorithms. Combined with instrumental direction-dependent effects (DDE) in the scope of a real instrument, we developed and validated a new method based on this framework Methods. We implemented a sparse reconstruction method in the standard LOFAR imaging tool and compared the photometric and resolution performance of this new imager with that of CLEAN-based methods (CLEAN and MS-CLEAN) with simulated and real LOFAR data Results. We show that i) sparse reconstruction performs as well as CLEAN in recovering the flux of point sources; ii) performs much better on extended objects (the root mean square error is reduced by a factor of up to 10); and iii) provides a solution with an effective angular resolution 2-3 times better than the CLEAN images. Conclusions. Sparse recovery gives a correct photometry on high dynamic and wide-field images and improved realistic structures of extended sources (of simulated and real LOFAR datasets). This sparse reconstruction method is compatible with modern interferometric imagers that handle DDE corrections (A- and W-projections) required for current and future instruments such as LOFAR and SKA, Comment: Published in A&A, 19 pages, 9 figures

Published
2014
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20. The shape of the radio wavefront of extensive air showers as measured with LOFAR

Author

Corstanje, A., Schellart, P., Nelles, A., Buitink, S., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Frieswijk, W., Hörandel, J. R., Krause, M., Rachen, J. P., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Trinh, G., Akker, M. van den, Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Fallows, R. A., Ferrari, C., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Hoeft, M., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mevius, M., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D., Smirnov, O., Stewart, A., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wijnholds, S. J., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Extensive air showers, induced by high energy cosmic rays impinging on the Earth's atmosphere, produce radio emission that is measured with the LOFAR radio telescope. As the emission comes from a finite distance of a few kilometers, the incident wavefront is non-planar. A spherical, conical or hyperbolic shape of the wavefront has been proposed, but measurements of individual air showers have been inconclusive so far. For a selected high-quality sample of 161 measured extensive air showers, we have reconstructed the wavefront by measuring pulse arrival times to sub-nanosecond precision in 200 to 350 individual antennas. For each measured air shower, we have fitted a conical, spherical, and hyperboloid shape to the arrival times. The fit quality and a likelihood analysis show that a hyperboloid is the best parametrization. Using a non-planar wavefront shape gives an improved angular resolution, when reconstructing the shower arrival direction. Furthermore, a dependence of the wavefront shape on the shower geometry can be seen. This suggests that it will be possible to use a wavefront shape analysis to get an additional handle on the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, which is sensitive to the mass of the primary particle., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Published
2014
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21. Discovery of Carbon Radio Recombination Lines in absorption towards Cygnus~A

Author

Oonk, J. B. R., van Weeren, R. J., Salgado, F., Morabito, L. K., Tielens, A. G. G. M., Rottgering, H. J. A., Asgekar, A., White, G. J., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Batejat, F., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., van Bemmel, I., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Brentjens, M., Broderick, J., Brueggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Conway, J. E., Corstanje, A., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eisloeffel, J., Engels, D., van Enst, J., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Horneffer, A., van der Horst, A., Iacobelli, M., Jackson, N. J., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Klijn, W., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Maat, P., Macario, G., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McKean, J. P., Mevius, M., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Mol, J. D., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Scaife, A. M. M., Schoenmakers, A., Schwarz, D., Shulevski, A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., van Nieuwpoort, R., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., and Zensus, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present the first detection of carbon radio recombination line absorption along the line of sight to Cygnus A. The observations were carried out with the LOw Frequency ARray in the 33 to 57 MHz range. These low frequency radio observations provide us with a new line of sight to study the diffuse, neutral gas in our Galaxy. To our knowledge this is the first time that foreground Milky Way recombination line absorption has been observed against a bright extragalactic background source. By stacking 48 carbon $\alpha$ lines in the observed frequency range we detect carbon absorption with a signal-to-noise ratio of about 5. The average carbon absorption has a peak optical depth of 2$\times$10$^{-4}$, a line width of 10 km s$^{-1}$ and a velocity of +4 km s$^{-1}$ with respect to the local standard of rest. The associated gas is found to have an electron temperature $T_{e}\sim$ 110 K and density $n_{e}\sim$ 0.06 cm$^{-3}$. These properties imply that the observed carbon $\alpha$ absorption likely arises in the cold neutral medium of the Orion arm of the Milky Way. Hydrogen and helium lines were not detected to a 3$\sigma$ peak optical depth limit of 1.5$\times$10$^{-4}$ for a 4 km s$^{-1}$ channel width. Radio recombination lines associated with Cygnus A itself were also searched for, but are not detected. We set a 3$\sigma$ upper limit of 1.5$\times$10$^{-4}$ for the peak optical depth of these lines for a 4 km s$^{-1}$ channel width., Comment: In press

Published
2014
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22. Detecting cosmic rays with the LOFAR radio telescope

Author

Schellart, P., Nelles, A., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Frieswijk, W., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., James, C. W., Krause, M., Mevius, M., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Akker, M. van den, Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Bähren, L., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., Bennema, P., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bregman, J., Breitling, F., Brentjens, M., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Ciardi, B., Coolen, A., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Jong, A., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Ferrari, C., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Grit, T., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H. A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Klijn, W., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Macario, G., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Mol, J. D., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Nijboer, R., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Overeem, R., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Renting, A., Romein, J. W., Röttgering, H., Schoenmakers, A., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Toribio, C., van Leeuwen, J., van Nieuwpoort, R., van Weeren, R. J., Vermaas, N., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wijnholds, S. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., and Zensus, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The low frequency array (LOFAR), is the first radio telescope designed with the capability to measure radio emission from cosmic-ray induced air showers in parallel with interferometric observations. In the first $\sim 2\,\mathrm{years}$ of observing, 405 cosmic-ray events in the energy range of $10^{16} - 10^{18}\,\mathrm{eV}$ have been detected in the band from $30 - 80\,\mathrm{MHz}$. Each of these air showers is registered with up to $\sim1000$ independent antennas resulting in measurements of the radio emission with unprecedented detail. This article describes the dataset, as well as the analysis pipeline, and serves as a reference for future papers based on these data. All steps necessary to achieve a full reconstruction of the electric field at every antenna position are explained, including removal of radio frequency interference, correcting for the antenna response and identification of the pulsed signal.

Published
2013
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24. Studying Galactic interstellar turbulence through fluctuations in synchrotron emission: First LOFAR Galactic foreground detection

Author

Iacobelli, M., Haverkorn, M., Orrú, E., Pizzo, R. F., Anderson, J., Beck, R., Bell, M. R., Bonafede, A., Chyzy, K., Dettmar, R. -J., Enßlin, T. A., Heald, G., Horellou, C., Horneffer, A., Jurusik, W., Junklewitz, H., Kuniyoshi, M., Mulcahy, D. D., Paladino, R., Reich, W., Scaife, A., Sobey, C., Sotomayor-Beltran, C., Alexov, A., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bell, M. E., van Bemmel, I., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Birzan, L., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brouw, W. N., Bruggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Conway, J. E., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Duscha, S., Eisloffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T. E., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Horandel, J., Jelic, V., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Koopmans, L. V. E., Kramer, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Macario, G., Mann, G., McKean, J. P., Munk, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Polatidis, A. G., Röttgering, H., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., and Zensus, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The characteristic outer scale of turbulence and the ratio of the random to ordered components of the magnetic field are key parameters to characterise magnetic turbulence in the interstellar gas, which affects the propagation of cosmic rays within the Galaxy. We provide new constraints to those two parameters. We use the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to image the diffuse continuum emission in the Fan region at (l,b) (137.0,+7.0) at 80"x70" resolution in the range [146,174] MHz. We detect multi-scale fluctuations in the Galactic synchrotron emission and compute their power spectrum. Applying theoretical estimates and derivations from the literature for the first time, we derive the outer scale of turbulence and the ratio of random to ordered magnetic field from the characteristics of these fluctuations . We obtain the deepest image of the Fan region to date and find diffuse continuum emission within the primary beam. The power spectrum of the foreground synchrotron fluctuations displays a power law behaviour for scales between 100 and 8 arcmin with a slope of (-1.84+/-0.19). We find an upper limit of about 20 pc for the outer scale of the magnetic interstellar turbulence toward the Fan region. We also find a variation of the ratio of random to ordered field as a function of Galactic coordinates, supporting different turbulent regimes. We use power spectra fluctuations from LOFAR as well as earlier GMRT and WSRT observations to constrain the outer scale of turbulence of the Galactic synchrotron foreground, finding a range of plausible values of 10-20 pc. Then, we use this information to deduce lower limits of the ratio of ordered to random magnetic field strength. These are found to be 0.3, 0.3, and 0.5 for the LOFAR, WSRT and GMRT fields considered respectively. Both these constraints are in agreement with previous estimates., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2013
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25. The brightness and spatial distributions of terrestrial radio sources

Author

Offringa, A. R., de Bruyn, A. G., Zaroubi, S., Koopmans, L. V. E., Wijnholds, S. J., Abdalla, F. B., Brouw, W. N., Ciardi, B., Iliev, I. T., Harker, G. J. A., Mellema, G., Bernardi, G., Zarka, P., Ghosh, A., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., Bell, M. R., Bentum, M. J., Best, P., Bîrzan, L., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Hassall, T. E., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Klijn, W., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Loose, M., Maat, P., Macario, G., Mann, G., McKean, J. P., Meulman, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Rafferty, D., Reich, W., van Nieuwpoort, R., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A. M. M., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., ter Veen, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wise, M. W., and Wucknitz, O.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Faint undetected sources of radio-frequency interference (RFI) might become visible in long radio observations when they are consistently present over time. Thereby, they might obstruct the detection of the weak astronomical signals of interest. This issue is especially important for Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) projects that try to detect the faint redshifted HI signals from the time of the earliest structures in the Universe. We explore the RFI situation at 30-163 MHz by studying brightness histograms of visibility data observed with LOFAR, similar to radio-source-count analyses that are used in cosmology. An empirical RFI distribution model is derived that allows the simulation of RFI in radio observations. The brightness histograms show an RFI distribution that follows a power-law distribution with an estimated exponent around -1.5. With several assumptions, this can be explained with a uniform distribution of terrestrial radio sources whose radiation follows existing propagation models. Extrapolation of the power law implies that the current LOFAR EoR observations should be severely RFI limited if the strength of RFI sources remains strong after time integration. This is in contrast with actual observations, which almost reach the thermal noise and are thought not to be limited by RFI. Therefore, we conclude that it is unlikely that there are undetected RFI sources that will become visible in long observations. Consequently, there is no indication that RFI will prevent an EoR detection with LOFAR., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2013
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26. LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray

Author

van Haarlem, M. P., Wise, M. W., Gunst, A. W., Heald, G., McKean, J. P., Hessels, J. W. T., de Bruyn, A. G., Nijboer, R., Swinbank, J., Fallows, R., Brentjens, M., Nelles, A., Beck, R., Falcke, H., Fender, R., Hörandel, J., Koopmans, L. V. E., Mann, G., Miley, G., Röttgering, H., Stappers, B. W., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Zaroubi, S., Akker, M. van den, Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Anderson, K., van Ardenne, A., Arts, M., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Batejat, F., Bähren, L., Bell, M. E., Bell, M. R., van Bemmel, I., Bennema, P., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bîrzan, L., Bonafede, A., Boonstra, A. -J., Braun, R., Bregman, J., Breitling, F., van de Brink, R. H., Broderick, J., Broekema, P. C., Brouw, W. N., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., van Cappellen, W., Ciardi, B., Coenen, T., Conway, J., Coolen, A., Corstanje, A., Damstra, S., Davies, O., Deller, A. T., Dettmar, R. -J., van Diepen, G., Dijkstra, K., Donker, P., Doorduin, A., Dromer, J., Drost, M., van Duin, A., Eislöffel, J., van Enst, J., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Gankema, H., Garrett, M. A., de Gasperin, F., Gerbers, M., de Geus, E., Grießmeier, J. -M., Grit, T., Gruppen, P., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H., Horneffer, A., van der Horst, A., van Houwelingen, A., Huijgen, A., Iacobelli, M., Intema, H., Jackson, N., Jelic, V., de Jong, A., Juette, E., Kant, D., Karastergiou, A., Koers, A., Kollen, H., Kondratiev, V. I., Kooistra, E., Koopman, Y., Koster, A., Kuniyoshi, M., Kramer, M., Kuper, G., Lambropoulos, P., Law, C., van Leeuwen, J., Lemaitre, J., Loose, M., Maat, P., Macario, G., Markoff, S., Masters, J., McKay-Bukowski, D., Meijering, H., Meulman, H., Mevius, M., Middelberg, E., Millenaar, R., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Mohan, R. N., Mol, J. D., Morawietz, J., Morganti, R., Mulcahy, D. D., Mulder, E., Munk, H., Nieuwenhuis, L., van Nieuwpoort, R., Noordam, J. E., Norden, M., Noutsos, A., Offringa, A. R., Olofsson, H., Omar, A., Orrú, E., Overeem, R., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A., Rafferty, D., Rawlings, S., Reich, W., de Reijer, J. -P., Reitsma, J., Renting, A., Riemers, P., Rol, E., Romein, J. W., Roosjen, J., Ruiter, M., Scaife, A., van der Schaaf, K., Scheers, B., Schellart, P., Schoenmakers, A., Schoonderbeek, G., Serylak, M., Shulevski, A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Spreeuw, H., Steinmetz, M., Sterks, C. G. M., Stiepel, H. -J., Stuurwold, K., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Thomas, I., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M. C., van der Tol, B., Usov, O., van Veelen, M., van der Veen, A. -J., ter Veen, S., Verbiest, J. P. W., Vermeulen, R., Vermaas, N., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., de Vos, M., van der Wal, E., van Weeren, R., Weggemans, H., Weltevrede, P., White, S., Wijnholds, S. J., Wilhelmsson, T., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., Zensus, A., and van Zwieten, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

LOFAR, the LOw-Frequency ARray, is a new-generation radio interferometer constructed in the north of the Netherlands and across europe. Utilizing a novel phased-array design, LOFAR covers the largely unexplored low-frequency range from 10-240 MHz and provides a number of unique observing capabilities. Spreading out from a core located near the village of Exloo in the northeast of the Netherlands, a total of 40 LOFAR stations are nearing completion. A further five stations have been deployed throughout Germany, and one station has been built in each of France, Sweden, and the UK. Digital beam-forming techniques make the LOFAR system agile and allow for rapid repointing of the telescope as well as the potential for multiple simultaneous observations. With its dense core array and long interferometric baselines, LOFAR achieves unparalleled sensitivity and angular resolution in the low-frequency radio regime. The LOFAR facilities are jointly operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation, as an observatory open to the global astronomical community. LOFAR is one of the first radio observatories to feature automated processing pipelines to deliver fully calibrated science products to its user community. LOFAR's new capabilities, techniques and modus operandi make it an important pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We give an overview of the LOFAR instrument, its major hardware and software components, and the core science objectives that have driven its design. In addition, we present a selection of new results from the commissioning phase of this new radio observatory., Comment: 56 pages, 34 figures, accepted for publication by A&A

Published
2013
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27. LOFAR detections of low-frequency radio recombination lines towards Cassiopeia A

Author

Asgekar, Ashish, Oonk, J. B. R., Yatawatta, S., van Weeren, R. J., McKean, J. P., White, G., Jackson, N., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Batejat, F., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., Bell, M. R., van Bemmel, I., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Birzan, L., Bonafede, A., Braun, R., Breitling, F., van de Brink, R. H., Broderick, J., Brouw, W. N., Bruggen, M., Butcher, H. R., van Cappellen, W., Ciardi, B., Conway, J. E., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Jong, A., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eisloffel, J., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griesmeier, J-M., Grit, T., Gunst, A. W., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Iacobelli, M., Intema, H., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Law, C., van Leeuwen, J., Maat, P., Macario, G., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mevius, M., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Mol, J. D., Morganti, R., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Rottgering, H., Scheers, B., Schoenmakers, A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Steinmetz, M., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Cassiopeia A was observed using the Low-Band Antennas of the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) with high spectral resolution. This allowed a search for radio recombination lines (RRLs) along the line-of-sight to this source. Five carbon-alpha RRLs were detected in absorption between 40 and 50 MHz with a signal-to-noise ratio of > 5 from two independent LOFAR datasets. The derived line velocities (v_LSR ~ -50 km/s) and integrated optical depths (~ 13 s^-1) of the RRLs in our spectra, extracted over the whole supernova remnant, are consistent within each LOFAR dataset and with those previously reported. For the first time, we are able to extract spectra against the brightest hotspot of the remnant at frequencies below 330 MHz. These spectra show significantly higher (15-80 %) integrated optical depths, indicating that there is small-scale angular structure on the order of ~1 pc in the absorbing gas distribution over the face of the remnant. We also place an upper limit of 3 x 10^-4 on the peak optical depths of hydrogen and helium RRLs. These results demonstrate that LOFAR has the desired spectral stability and sensitivity to study faint recombination lines in the decameter band., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters; 5 pages, 4 colour figures

Published
2013
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28. Initial deep LOFAR observations of Epoch of Reionization windows: I. The North Celestial Pole

Author

Yatawatta, S., de Bruyn, A. G., Brentjens, M. A., Labropoulos, P., Pandey, V. N., Kazemi, S., Zaroubi, S., Koopmans, L. V. E., Offringa, A. R., Jelic, V., Rubi, O. Martinez, Veligatla, V., Wijnholds, S. J., Brouw, W. N., Bernardi, G., Ciardi, B., Daiboo, S., Harker, G., Mellema, G., Schaye, J., Thomas, R., Vedantham, H., Chapman, E., Abdalla, F. B., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Batejat, F., Bell, M. E., Bell, M. R., Bentum, M., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Bregman, J., Breitling, F., van de Brink, R. H., Broderick, J. W., Bruggen, M., Conway, J., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Duscha, S., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J. M., Gunst, A. W., Hassall, T. E., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Maat, P., Mann, G., McKean, J. P., Mevius, M., Mol, J. D., Munk, H., Nijboer, R., Noordam, J. E., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Rottgering, H. J. A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B., Steinmetz, M., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., ter Veen, S., Vermeulen, R., van Weeren, R. J., Wise, M., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The aim of the LOFAR Epoch of Reionization (EoR) project is to detect the spectral fluctuations of the redshifted HI 21cm signal. This signal is weaker by several orders of magnitude than the astrophysical foreground signals and hence, in order to achieve this, very long integrations, accurate calibration for stations and ionosphere and reliable foreground removal are essential. One of the prospective observing windows for the LOFAR EoR project will be centered at the North Celestial Pole (NCP). We present results from observations of the NCP window using the LOFAR highband antenna (HBA) array in the frequency range 115 MHz to 163 MHz. The data were obtained in April 2011 during the commissioning phase of LOFAR. We used baselines up to about 30 km. With about 3 nights, of 6 hours each, effective integration we have achieved a noise level of about 100 microJy/PSF in the NCP window. Close to the NCP, the noise level increases to about 180 microJy/PSF, mainly due to additional contamination from unsubtracted nearby sources. We estimate that in our best night, we have reached a noise level only a factor of 1.4 above the thermal limit set by the noise from our Galaxy and the receivers. Our continuum images are several times deeper than have been achieved previously using the WSRT and GMRT arrays. We derive an analytical explanation for the excess noise that we believe to be mainly due to sources at large angular separation from the NCP., Comment: 19 pages, 24 figures. Draft version with low resolution images. Accepted on 08/01/2013 Astronomy & Astrophysics. Abstract abridged. Version with high resolution images: http://www.astro.rug.nl/~yatawatta/ncp_eor.pdf

Published
2013
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29. A very brief description of LOFAR - the Low Frequency Array

Author

Falcke, H., van Haarlem, M. P., de Bruyn, A. G., Braun, R., Röttgering, H. J. A., Stappers, B., Boland, W. H. W. M., Butcher, H. R., de Geus, E. J., Koopmans, L., Fender, R., Kuijpers, J., Miley, G. K., Schilizzi, R. T., Vogt, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M., Brouw, W. N., Hamaker, J. P., Noordam, J. E., Oosterloo, T., Bähren, L., Brentjens, M. A., Wijnholds, S. J., Bregman, J. D., van Cappellen, W. A., Gunst, A. W., Kant, G. W., Reitsma, J., van der Schaaf, K., and de Vos, C. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

LOFAR (Low Frequency Array) is an innovative radio telescope optimized for the frequency range 30-240 MHz. The telescope is realized as a phased aperture array without any moving parts. Digital beam forming allows the telescope to point to any part of the sky within a second. Transient buffering makes retrospective imaging of explosive short-term events possible. The scientific focus of LOFAR will initially be on four key science projects (KSPs): 1) detection of the formation of the very first stars and galaxies in the universe during the so-called epoch of reionization by measuring the power spectrum of the neutral hydrogen 21-cm line (Shaver et al. 1999) on the ~5' scale; 2) low-frequency surveys of the sky with of order $10^8$ expected new sources; 3) all-sky monitoring and detection of transient radio sources such as gamma-ray bursts, x-ray binaries, and exo-planets (Farrell et al. 2004); and 4) radio detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos (Falcke & Gorham 2003) allowing for the first time access to particles beyond 10^21 eV (Scholten et al. 2006). Apart from the KSPs open access for smaller projects is also planned. Here we give a brief description of the telescope., Comment: 2 pages, IAU GA 2006, Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 14, K.A. van der Hucht, ed

Published
2006
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30. LOFAR - Opening up a new window on the Universe

Author

Rottgering, H. J. A., Braun, R., Barthel, P. D., van Haarlem, M. P., Miley, G. K., Morganti, R., Snellen, I., Falcke, H., de Bruyn, A. G., Stappers, R. B., Boland, W. H. W. M., Butcher, H. R., de Geus, E. J., Koopmans, L., Fender, R., Kuijpers, J., Schilizzi, R. T., Vogt, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M., Brouw, W. N., Hamaker, J. P., Noordam, J. E., Oosterloo, T., Bahren, L., Brentjens, M. A., Wijnholds, S. J., Bregman, J. D., van Cappellen, W. A., Gunst, A. W., Kant, G. W., Reitsma, J., van der Schaaf, K., and de Vos, C. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

LOFAR, the Low Frequency Array, is a next-generation radio telescope that is being built in Northern Europe and expected to be fully operational at the end of this decade. It will operate at frequencies from 15 to 240 MHz (corresponding to wavelengths of 20 to 1.2 m). Its superb sensitivity, high angular resolution, large field of view and flexible spectroscopic capabilities will represent a dramatic improvement over previous facilities at these wavelengths. As such, LOFAR will carry out a broad range of fundamental astrophysical studies. The design of LOFAR has been driven by four fundamental astrophysical applications: (i) The Epoch of Reionisation, (ii) Extragalactic Surveys and their exploitation to study the formation and evolution of clusters, galaxies and black holes, (iii) Transient Sources and their association with high energy objects such as gamma ray bursts, and (iv) Cosmic Ray showers and their exploitation to study the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In this conference the foreseen LOFAR work on the epoch of reionisation has been covered by de Bruyn and on cosmic ray showers by Falcke. During this contribution we will first present the LOFAR project with an emphasis on the challenges faced when carrying out sensitive imaging at low radio frequencies. Subsequently, we will discuss LOFAR's capabilities to survey the low-frequency radio sky. Main aims for the planned surveys are studies of z>6 radio galaxies, diffuse emission associated with distant clusters and starbursting galaxies at z>2., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the conference "Cosmology, galaxy formation and astroparticle physics on the pathway to the SKA", Oxford, April 10-12 2006

Published
2006

32. Needle-like structures discovered on positively charged lightning branches

Author

Hare, B. M., Scholten, O., Dwyer, J., Trinh, T. N. G., Buitink, S., ter Veen, S., Bonardi, A., Corstanje, A., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J. R., Huege, T., Mitra, P., Mulrey, K., Nelles, A., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Schellart, P., Winchen, T., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Bentum, M. J., Blaauw, R., Broderick, J. W., Brouw, W. N., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Fallows, R. A., de Geus, E., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J. M., Gunst, A. W., van Haarlem, M. P., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., van der Horst, A. J., Iacobelli, M., Koopmans, L. V. E., Krankowski, A., Maat, P., Norden, M. J., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pekal, R., Pizzo, R., Reich, W., Rothkaehl, H., Röttgering, H. J. A., Rowlinson, A., Schwarz, D. J., Shulevski, A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Soida, M., Tagger, M., Toribio, M. C., van Ardenne, A., Wijers, R. A. M. J., van Weeren, R. J., Wucknitz, O., Zarka, P., and Zucca, P.

Published
2019
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33. A Steeper Stellar Mass Spectrum in the Outer Galaxy?

Author

Brand, J., Wouterloot, J. G. A., Rudolph, A. L., and de Geus, E. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We discuss the results of high-resolution (~0.1-0.2 pc) BIMA CO observations of the central regions of 3 molecular clouds in the far-outer Galaxy (FOG). We identify clumps and investigate their stability by using the virial theorem, including terms due to gravity, turbulence, magnetic field, and interclump gas pressure, and make a comparison with clumps in local clouds (RMC and Orion B South). While a reasonable combination of these forces can render most clumps stable, an interesting difference between FOG and local clumps emerges when comparing only gravity and turbulence. In the FOG these forces are in equilibrium (virial parameter alpha ~ 1) for clumps down to the lowest masses found (a few Msol), but for local clumps alpha ~ 1 only for clumps with masses larger than a few tens of Msol. Thus it appears that in the FOG gravity is the dominant force down to a much lower mass than in local clouds, implying that gravitational collapse and star formation may occur more readily even in the smallest clumps. This might explain the apparently steeper IMF found in the outer Galaxy., Comment: 5 pages; contribution to workshop "Galactic Star Formation Across the Stellar Mass Spectrum (La Serena (Chile) March 2002). To be published in the ASP Conf. Series (J.M. de Buizer, ed.)

Published
2002

34. Clumpy outer Galaxy molecular clouds and the steepening of the IMF

Author

Brand, J., Wouterloot, J. G. A., Rudolph, A. L., and de Geus, E. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the results of high-resolution (~0.2 pc) CO(1-0) and CS(2-1) observations of the central regions of three star-forming molecular clouds in the far-outer Galaxy (~16 kpc from the Galactic Center): WB89 85 (Sh 2-127), WB89 380, and WB89 437. We used the BIMA array in combination with IRAM 30-m and NRAO 12-m observations. The GMC's in which the regions are embedded were studied by means of KOSMA 3-m CO(2-1) observations. The properties the CO and CS clumps are analyzed and compared with newly derived results of previously published single-dish measurements of local clouds (OrionB South and Rosette). We find that the slopes of the clump mass distributions (-1.28 and -1.49, for WB89 85 and WB89 380, respectively) are somewhat less steep than found for most local clouds, but similar to those of clouds which have been analyzed with the same clumpfind program. We investigate the clump stability by using the virial theorem, including all possible contributions (gravity, turbulence, magnetic fields, and pressure due to the interclump gas). It appears that under reasonable assumptions a combination of these forces would render most clumps stable. Comparing only gravity and turbulence, we find that in the far-outer Galaxy clouds, these forces are in equilibium (virial parameter alpha~1) for clumps down to the lowest masses found (a few Msol). For clumps in the local clouds alpha~1 only for clumps with masses larger than a few tens of Msol. Thus it appears that in these outer Galaxy clumps gravity is the dominant force down to a much lower mass than in local clouds, implying that gravitational collapse and star formation may occur more readily even in the smallest clumps. Although there are some caveats, due to the inhomogeneity of the data used, this might explain the apparently steeper IMF found in the outer Galaxy., Comment: 29 pages, including 9 tables, 21 figures. Accepted for Astron. Astroph

Published
2001
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36. The Orion OB1 Association I. Stellar content

Author

Brown, A. G. A., de Geus, E. J., and de Zeeuw, P. T.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Walraven photometry of established and probable members of the Orion OB1 association is presented. Effective temperature, surface gravity, luminosity and mass are derived for all stars, using atmosphere models by Kurucz (1979). Absolute magnitudes are calculated using the Straizys and Kuriliene (1981) tables. Distance moduli and visual extinctions are determined. A comparison of the visual extinctions to IRAS $100\um$ data shows that the near edge of the Orion A and B clouds lies at a distance of $\sim 320\pc$, while the far edge is at $\sim 500\pc$. A method for deriving the ages of the subgroups by comparing theoretical isochrones to the observations in the log g, log T plane is presented. The derived ages suggest, contrary to earlier studies, that subgroup 1b is younger than 1c, which can possibly be explained by past geometries of the system of stars and gas. The initial mass function for Orion OB1 is derived with the aid of the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test. Through extensive simulations, we show that it is very difficult to derive accurately the IMF from the available data. To within somewhat weak limits the IMF is found to be of the form $\xi (\log M)=AM^{-1.7\pm 0.2}$ for all subgroups. The energy output of the subgroups in the form of stellar winds and supernovae is calculated and compared to the observed size and expansion velocity of the Orion-Eridanus bubble. It is shown that the energy output of the association can account for the morphology and kinematics of the ISM., Comment: 21 pages, A&A plain TeX (1992), figures and tables 1a-1d available (as uuencoded compressed tar files) upon request from: brown@strw.LeidenUniv.nl

Published
1994

37. Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression

Author

Wray, Naomi R., Ripke, Stephan, Mattheisen, Manuel, Trzaskowski, Maciej, Byrne, Enda M., Abdellaoui, Abdel, Adams, Mark J., Agerbo, Esben, Air, Tracy M., Andlauer, Till M. F., Bacanu, Silviu-Alin, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Beekman, Aartjan F. T., Bigdeli, Tim B., Binder, Elisabeth B., Blackwood, Douglas R. H., Bryois, Julien, Buttenschøn, Henriette N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Cai, Na, Castelao, Enrique, Christensen, Jane Hvarregaard, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Coleman, Jonathan I. R., Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, Craddock, Nick, Crawford, Gregory E., Crowley, Cheynna A., Dashti, Hassan S., Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J., Degenhardt, Franziska, Derks, Eske M., Direk, Nese, Dolan, Conor V., Dunn, Erin C., Eley, Thalia C., Eriksson, Nicholas, Escott-Price, Valentina, Kiadeh, Farnush Hassan Farhadi, Finucane, Hilary K., Forstner, Andreas J., Frank, Josef, Gaspar, Héléna A., Gill, Michael, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Goes, Fernando S., Gordon, Scott D., Grove, Jakob, Hall, Lynsey S., Hannon, Eilis, Hansen, Christine Søholm, Hansen, Thomas F., Herms, Stefan, Hickie, Ian B., Hoffmann, Per, Homuth, Georg, Horn, Carsten, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hougaard, David M., Hu, Ming, Hyde, Craig L., Ising, Marcus, Jansen, Rick, Jin, Fulai, Jorgenson, Eric, Knowles, James A., Kohane, Isaac S., Kraft, Julia, Kretzschmar, Warren W., Krogh, Jesper, Kutalik, Zoltán, Lane, Jacqueline M., Li, Yihan, Li, Yun, Lind, Penelope A., Liu, Xiaoxiao, Lu, Leina, MacIntyre, Donald J., MacKinnon, Dean F., Maier, Robert M., Maier, Wolfgang, Marchini, Jonathan, Mbarek, Hamdi, McGrath, Patrick, McGuffin, Peter, Medland, Sarah E., Mehta, Divya, Middeldorp, Christel M., Mihailov, Evelin, Milaneschi, Yuri, Milani, Lili, Mill, Jonathan, Mondimore, Francis M., Montgomery, Grant W., Mostafavi, Sara, Mullins, Niamh, Nauck, Matthias, Ng, Bernard, Nivard, Michel G., Nyholt, Dale R., O’Reilly, Paul F., Oskarsson, Hogni, Owen, Michael J., Painter, Jodie N., Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, Peterson, Roseann E., Pettersson, Erik, Peyrot, Wouter J., Pistis, Giorgio, Posthuma, Danielle, Purcell, Shaun M., Quiroz, Jorge A., Qvist, Per, Rice, John P., Riley, Brien P., Rivera, Margarita, Saeed Mirza, Saira, Saxena, Richa, Schoevers, Robert, Schulte, Eva C., Shen, Ling, Shi, Jianxin, Shyn, Stanley I., Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Sinnamon, Grant B. C., Smit, Johannes H., Smith, Daniel J., Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stockmeier, Craig A., Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Tansey, Katherine E., Teismann, Henning, Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Wesley, Thomson, Pippa A., Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Tian, Chao, Traylor, Matthew, Treutlein, Jens, Trubetskoy, Vassily, Uitterlinden, André G., Umbricht, Daniel, Van der Auwera, Sandra, van Hemert, Albert M., Viktorin, Alexander, Visscher, Peter M., Wang, Yunpeng, Webb, Bradley T., Weinsheimer, Shantel Marie, Wellmann, Jürgen, Willemsen, Gonneke, Witt, Stephanie H., Wu, Yang, Xi, Hualin S., Yang, Jian, Zhang, Futao, eQTLGen, 23andMe, Arolt, Volker, Baune, Bernhard T., Berger, Klaus, Boomsma, Dorret I., Cichon, Sven, Dannlowski, Udo, de Geus, E. C. J., DePaulo, J. Raymond, Domenici, Enrico, Domschke, Katharina, Esko, Tõnu, Grabe, Hans J., Hamilton, Steven P., Hayward, Caroline, Heath, Andrew C., Hinds, David A., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kloiber, Stefan, Lewis, Glyn, Li, Qingqin S., Lucae, Susanne, Madden, Pamela F. A., Magnusson, Patrik K., Martin, Nicholas G., McIntosh, Andrew M., Metspalu, Andres, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nordentoft, Merete, Nöthen, Markus M., O’Donovan, Michael C., Paciga, Sara A., Pedersen, Nancy L., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Perlis, Roy H., Porteous, David J., Potash, James B., Preisig, Martin, Rietschel, Marcella, Schaefer, Catherine, Schulze, Thomas G., Smoller, Jordan W., Stefansson, Kari, Tiemeier, Henning, Uher, Rudolf, Völzke, Henry, Weissman, Myrna M., Werge, Thomas, Winslow, Ashley R., Lewis, Cathryn M., Levinson, Douglas F., Breen, Gerome, Børglum, Anders D., Sullivan, Patrick F., and the Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium

Published
2018
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38. Association of polygenic score for major depression with response to lithium in patients with bipolar disorder

Author

Amare, Azmeraw T., Schubert, Klaus Oliver, Hou, Liping, Clark, Scott R., Papiol, Sergi, Cearns, Micah, Heilbronner, Urs, Degenhardt, Franziska, Tekola-Ayele, Fasil, Hsu, Yi Hsiang, Shekhtman, Tatyana, Adli, Mazda, Akula, Nirmala, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Ardau, Raffaella, Arias, Bárbara, Aubry, Jean Michel, Backlund, Lena, Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar, Bellivier, Frank, Benabarre, Antonio, Bengesser, Susanne, Biernacka, Joanna M., Birner, Armin, Brichant-Petitjean, Clara, Cervantes, Pablo, Chen, Hsi Chung, Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Czerski, Piotr M., Dalkner, Nina, Dayer, Alexandre, Del Zompo, Maria, DePaulo, J. Raymond, Étain, Bruno, Jamain, Stephane, Falkai, Peter, Forstner, Andreas J., Frisen, Louise, Frye, Mark A., Fullerton, Janice M., Gard, Sébastien, Garnham, Julie S., Goes, Fernando S., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Grof, Paul, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Hofmann, Andrea, Jiménez, Esther, Kahn, Jean Pierre, Kassem, Layla, Kuo, Po Hsiu, Kato, Tadafumi, Kelsoe, John R., Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Kusumi, Ichiro, Laje, Gonzalo, Landén, Mikael, Lavebratt, Catharina, Leboyer, Marion, Leckband, Susan G., Tortorella, Alfonso, Manchia, Mirko, Martinsson, Lina, McCarthy, Michael J., McElroy, Susan L., Colom, Francesc, Mitjans, Marina, Mondimore, Francis M., Monteleone, Palmiero, Nievergelt, Caroline M., Nöthen, Markus M., Novák, Tomas, O’Donovan, Claire, Ozaki, Norio, Ösby, Urban, Pfennig, Andrea, Potash, James B., Reif, Andreas, Wray, Naomi R., Ripke, Stephan, Mattheisen, Manuel, Trzaskowski, Maciej, Byrne, Enda M., Abdellaoui, Abdel, Adams, Mark J., Agerbo, Esben, Air, Tracy M., Andlauer, Till F.M., Bacanu, Silviu Alin, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Beekman, Aartjan T.F., Bigdeli, Tim B., Binder, Elisabeth B., Blackwood, Douglas H.R., Bryois, Julien, Buttenschøn, Henriette N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Cai, Na, Castelao, Enrique, Christensen, Jane varregaard, Clarke, Toni Kim, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, Craddock, Nick, Crawford, Gregory E., Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J., Derks, Eske M., Direk, Nese, Dolan, Conor V., Dunn, Erin C., Eley, Thalia C., Escott-Price, Valentina, Kiadeh, Farnush Farhadi Hassan, Finucane, Hilary K., Frank, Josef, Gaspar, Héléna A., Gill, Michael, Gordon, Scott D., Grove, Jakob, Hall, Lynsey S., Hansen, Christine Søholm, Hansen, Thomas F., Hickie, Ian B., Homuth, Georg, Horn, Carsten, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Hougaard, David M., Ising, Marcus, Jansen, Rick, Jorgenson, Eric, Knowles, James A., Kohane, Isaac S., Kraft, Julia, Kretzschmar, Warren W., Krogh, Jesper, Kutalik, Zoltán, Li, Yihan, Lind, Penelope A., MacIntyre, Donald J., MacKinnon, Dean F., Maier, Robert M., Maier, Wolfgang, Marchini, Jonathan, Mbarek, Hamdi, McGrath, Patrick, McGuffin, Peter, Medland, Sarah E., Mehta, Divya, Middeldorp, Christel M., Mihailov, Evelin, Milaneschi, Yuri, Milani, Lili, Montgomery, Grant W., Mostafavi, Sara, Mullins, Niamh, Nauck, Matthias, Ng, Bernard, Nivard, Michel G., Nyholt, Dale R., O’Reilly, Paul F., Oskarsson, Hogni, Owen, Michael J., Painter, Jodie N., Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, Peterson, Roseann E., Pettersson, Erik, Peyrot, Wouter J., Pistis, Giorgio, Posthuma, Danielle, Quiroz, Jorge A., Qvist, Per, Rice, John P., Riley, Brien P., Rivera, Margarita, Mirza, Saira Saeed, Schoevers, Robert, Schulte, Eva C., Shen, Ling, Shi, Jianxin, Shyn, Stanley I., Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Sinnamon, Grant C.B., Smit, Johannes H., Smith, Daniel J., Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Tansey, Katherine E., Teismann, Henning, Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Wesley, Thomson, Pippa A., Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Traylor, Matthew, Treutlein, Jens, Trubetskoy, Vassily, Uitterlinden, André G., Umbricht, Daniel, Van der Auwera, Sandra, van Hemert, Albert M., Viktorin, Alexander, Visscher, Peter M., Wang, Yunpeng, Webb, Bradley T., Weinsheimer, Shantel Marie, Wellmann, Jürgen, Willemsen, Gonneke, Witt, Stephanie H., Wu, Yang, Xi, Hualin S., Yang, Jian, Zhang, Futao, Arolt, Volker, Baune, Bernhard T., Berger, Klaus, Boomsma, Dorret I., Dannlowski, Udo, de Geus, E. J.C., Domenici, Enrico, Domschke, Katharina, Esko, Tõnu, Grabe, Hans J., Hamilton, Steven P., Hayward, Caroline, Heath, Andrew C., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kloiber, Stefan, Lewis, Glyn, Li, Qingqin S., Lucae, Susanne, Madden, Pamela A.F., Magnusson, Patrik K., Martin, Nicholas G., McIntosh, Andrew M., Metspalu, Andres, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nordentoft, Merete, O’Donovan, Michael C., Paciga, Sara A., Pedersen, Nancy L., Penninx, Brenda W.J.H., Perlis, Roy H., Porteous, David J., Preisig, Martin, Rietschel, Marcella, Schaefer, Catherine, Schulze, Thomas G., Smoller, Jordan W., Stefansson, Kari, Tiemeier, Henning, Uher, Rudolf, Völzke, Henry, Weissman, Myrna M., Werge, Thomas, Lewis, Cathryn M., Levinson, Douglas F., Breen, Gerome, Børglum, Anders D., Sullivan, Patrick F., Reininghaus, Eva, Rouleau, Guy A., Rybakowski, Janusz K., Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R., Schweizer, Barbara W., Severino, Giovanni, Shilling, Paul D., Shimoda, Katzutaka, Simhandl, Christian, Slaney, Claire M., Squassina, Alessio, Stamm, Thomas, Stopkova, Pavla, Maj, Mario, Turecki, Gustavo, Vieta, Eduard, Veeh, Julia, Wright, Adam, Zandi, Peter P., Mitchell, Philip B., Bauer, Michael, Alda, Martin, McMahon, Francis J., APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Human genetics, APH - Digital Health, APH - Methodology, Biological Psychology, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Complex Trait Genetics, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Jamain, Stéphane, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute [ Adelaide] (SAHMRI), Mental Health Services [Adelaide, SA, Australia], National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Genetik - Universität Bonn / Institute of Genetics - University of Bonn, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Harvard School of Public Health, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Dokkyo Medical University, Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental [Barcelona, Spain] (CIBERSAM), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Optimisation thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie (OPTeN (UMR_S_1144 / U1144)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Mayo Clinic [Rochester], McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), University Hospital Basel [Basel], Poznan University of Medical Sciences [Poland] (PUMS), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], IMRB - 'Neuropsychiatrie translationnelle' [Créteil] (U955 Inserm - UPEC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), University of Basel (Unibas), Neuroscience Research Australia [Sydney, NSW, Australia] (NRA), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [CH C. Perrens, Bordeaux], SECOP - centre hospitalier Charles Perrens, Dalhousie University [Halifax], 'Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry [Bucharest, Romania], Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa (MDCO), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Osaka University [Osaka], Graduate School of Medicine [Osaka], Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique de Liaison [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy (CPN), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Landesklinikum Neunkirchen (LK Neunkirchen), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine [Sapporo, Japan], Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System, Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), University of Cincinnati (UC), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine [Göttingen] (MPI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Salerno (UNISA), University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, National Institute of Mental Health [Klecany, Czech Republic] (NIMH), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine [Japon], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Medical University Graz, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Sigmund Freud University (SFU), Douglas Mental Health University Institute [Montréal], University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Black Dog Institute [Sydney, Australia], Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Melbourne Medical School [Melbourne], Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health [Parkville, VIC, Australie], University of Melbourne, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Naomi R Wray, Stephan Ripke, Manuel Mattheisen, Maciej Trzaskowski, Enda M Byrne, Abdel Abdellaoui, Mark J Adams, Esben Agerbo, Tracy M Air, Till F M Andlauer, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Aartjan T F Beekman, Tim B Bigdeli, Elisabeth B Binder, Douglas H R Blackwood, Julien Bryois, Henriette N Buttenschøn, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Na Cai, Enrique Castelao, Jane Varregaard Christensen, Toni-Kim Clarke, Jonathan R I Coleman, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Nick Craddock, Gregory E Crawford, Gail Davies, Ian J Deary, Franziska Degenhardt, Eske M Derks, Nese Direk, Conor V Dolan, Erin C Dunn, Thalia C Eley, Valentina Escott-Price, Farnush Farhadi Hassan Kiadeh, Hilary K Finucane, Andreas J Forstner, Josef Frank, Héléna A Gaspar, Michael Gill, Fernando S Goes, Scott D Gordon, Jakob Grove, Lynsey S Hall, Christine Søholm Hansen, Thomas F Hansen, Stefan Herms, Ian B Hickie, Per Hoffmann, Georg Homuth, Carsten Horn, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, David M Hougaard, Marcus Ising, Rick Jansen, Eric Jorgenson, James A Knowles, Isaac S Kohane, Julia Kraft, Warren W Kretzschmar, Jesper Krogh, Zoltán Kutalik, Yihan Li, Penelope A Lind, Donald J MacIntyre, Dean F MacKinnon, Robert M Maier, Wolfgang Maier, Jonathan Marchini, Hamdi Mbarek, Patrick McGrath, Peter McGuffin, Sarah E Medland, Divya Mehta, Christel M Middeldorp, Evelin Mihailov, Yuri Milaneschi, Lili Milani, Francis M Mondimore, Grant W Montgomery, Sara Mostafavi, Niamh Mullins, Matthias Nauck, Bernard Ng, Michel G Nivard, Dale R Nyholt, Paul F O'Reilly, Hogni Oskarsson, Michael J Owen, Jodie N Painter, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Roseann E Peterson, Erik Pettersson, Wouter J Peyrot, Giorgio Pistis, Danielle Posthuma, Jorge A Quiroz, Per Qvist, John P Rice, Brien P Riley, Margarita Rivera, Saira Saeed Mirza, Robert Schoevers, Eva C Schulte, Ling Shen, Jianxin Shi, Stanley I Shyn, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Grant C B Sinnamon, Johannes H Smit, Daniel J Smith, Hreinn Stefansson, Stacy Steinberg, Fabian Streit, Jana Strohmaier, Katherine E Tansey, Henning Teismann, Alexander Teumer, Wesley Thompson, Pippa A Thomson, Thorgeir E Thorgeirsson, Matthew Traylor, Jens Treutlein, Vassily Trubetskoy, André G Uitterlinden, Daniel Umbricht, Sandra Van der Auwera, Albert M van Hemert, Alexander Viktorin, Peter M Visscher, Yunpeng Wang, Bradley T Webb, Shantel Marie Weinsheimer, Jürgen Wellmann, Gonneke Willemsen, Stephanie H Witt, Yang Wu, Hualin S Xi, Jian Yang, Futao Zhang, Volker Arolt, Bernhard T Baune, Klaus Berger, Dorret I Boomsma, Sven Cichon, Udo Dannlowski, E J C de Geus, J Raymond DePaulo, Enrico Domenici, Katharina Domschke, Tõnu Esko, Hans J Grabe, Steven P Hamilton, Caroline Hayward, Andrew C Heath, Kenneth S Kendler, Stefan Kloiber, Glyn Lewis, Qingqin S Li, Susanne Lucae, Pamela A F Madden, Patrik K Magnusson, Nicholas G Martin, Andrew M McIntosh, Andres Metspalu, Ole Mors, Preben Bo Mortensen, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Merete Nordentoft, Markus M Nöthen, Michael C O'Donovan, Sara A Paciga, Nancy L Pedersen, Brenda W J H Penninx, Roy H Perlis, David J Porteous, James B Potash, Martin Preisig, Marcella Rietschel, Catherine Schaefer, Thomas G Schulze, Jordan W Smoller, Kari Stefansson, Henning Tiemeier, Rudolf Uher, Henry Völzke, Myrna M Weissman, Thomas Werge, Cathryn M Lewis, Douglas F Levinson, Gerome Breen, Anders D Børglum, Patrick F Sullivan., Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of California, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), University of Graz, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), University of Münster, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Amare, A. T., Schubert, K. O., Hou, L., Clark, S. R., Papiol, S., Cearns, M., Heilbronner, U., Degenhardt, F., Tekola-Ayele, F., Hsu, Y. -H., Shekhtman, T., Adli, M., Akula, N., Akiyama, K., Ardau, R., Arias, B., Aubry, J. -M., Backlund, L., Bhattacharjee, A. K., Bellivier, F., Benabarre, A., Bengesser, S., Biernacka, J. M., Birner, A., Brichant-Petitjean, C., Cervantes, P., Chen, H. -C., Chillotti, C., Cichon, S., Cruceanu, C., Czerski, P. M., Dalkner, N., Dayer, A., Del Zompo, M., Depaulo, J. R., Etain, B., Jamain, S., Falkai, P., Forstner, A. J., Frisen, L., Frye, M. A., Fullerton, J. M., Gard, S., Garnham, J. S., Goes, F. S., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M., Grof, P., Hashimoto, R., Hauser, J., Herms, S., Hoffmann, P., Hofmann, A., Jimenez, E., Kahn, J. -P., Kassem, L., Kuo, P. -H., Kato, T., Kelsoe, J. R., Kittel-Schneider, S., Kliwicki, S., Konig, B., Kusumi, I., Laje, G., Landen, M., Lavebratt, C., Leboyer, M., Leckband, S. G., Tortorella, A., Manchia, M., Martinsson, L., Mccarthy, M. J., Mcelroy, S. L., Colom, F., Mitjans, M., Mondimore, F. M., Monteleone, P., Nievergelt, C. M., Nothen, M. M., Novak, T., O'Donovan, C., Ozaki, N., Osby, U., Pfennig, A., Potash, J. B., Reif, A., Wray, N. R., Ripke, S., Mattheisen, M., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E. M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M. J., Agerbo, E., Air, T. M., Andlauer, T. F. M., Bacanu, S. -A., Baekvad-Hansen, M., Beekman, A. T. F., Bigdeli, T. B., Binder, E. B., Blackwood, D. H. R., Bryois, J., Buttenschon, H. N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Cai, N., Castelao, E., Christensen, J., Clarke, T. -K., Coleman, J. R. I., Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Craddock, N., Crawford, G. E., Davies, G., Deary, I. J., Derks, E. M., Direk, N., Dolan, C. V., Dunn, E. C., Eley, T. C., Escott-Price, V., Kiadeh, F. F. H., Finucane, H. K., Frank, J., Gaspar, H. A., Gill, M., Gordon, S. D., Grove, J., Hall, L. S., Hansen, C. S., Hansen, T. F., Hickie, I. B., Homuth, G., Horn, C., Hottenga, J. -J., Hougaard, D. M., Ising, M., Jansen, R., Jorgenson, E., Knowles, J. A., Kohane, I. S., Kraft, J., Kretzschmar, W. W., Krogh, J., Kutalik, Z., Li, Y., Lind, P. A., Macintyre, D. J., Mackinnon, D. F., Maier, R. M., Maier, W., Marchini, J., Mbarek, H., Mcgrath, P., Mcguffin, P., Medland, S. E., Mehta, D., Middeldorp, C. M., Mihailov, E., Milaneschi, Y., Milani, L., Montgomery, G. W., Mostafavi, S., Mullins, N., Nauck, M., Ng, B., Nivard, M. G., Nyholt, D. R., O'Reilly, P. F., Oskarsson, H., Owen, M. J., Painter, J. N., Pedersen, C. B., Pedersen, M. G., Peterson, R. E., Pettersson, E., Peyrot, W. J., Pistis, G., Posthuma, D., Quiroz, J. A., Qvist, P., Rice, J. P., Riley, B. P., Rivera, M., Mirza, S. S., Schoevers, R., Schulte, E. C., Shen, L., Shi, J., Shyn, S. I., Sigurdsson, E., Sinnamon, G. C. B., Smit, J. H., Smith, D. J., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Tansey, K. E., Teismann, H., Teumer, A., Thompson, W., Thomson, P. A., Thorgeirsson, T. E., Traylor, M., Treutlein, J., Trubetskoy, V., Uitterlinden, A. G., Umbricht, D., Van der Auwera, S., van Hemert, A. M., Viktorin, A., Visscher, P. M., Wang, Y., Webb, B. T., Weinsheimer, S. M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Witt, S. H., Wu, Y., Xi, H. S., Yang, J., Zhang, F., Arolt, V., Baune, B. T., Berger, K., Boomsma, D. I., Dannlowski, U., de Geus, E. J. C., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Esko, T., Grabe, H. J., Hamilton, S. P., Hayward, C., Heath, A. C., Kendler, K. S., Kloiber, S., Lewis, G., Li, Q. S., Lucae, S., Madden, P. A. F., Magnusson, P. K., Martin, N. G., Mcintosh, A. M., Metspalu, A., Mors, O., Mortensen, P. B., Muller-Myhsok, B., Nordentoft, M., O'Donovan, M. C., Paciga, S. A., Pedersen, N. L., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Perlis, R. H., Porteous, D. J., Preisig, M., Rietschel, M., Schaefer, C., Schulze, T. G., Smoller, J. W., Stefansson, K., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., Volzke, H., Weissman, M. M., Werge, T., Lewis, C. M., Levinson, D. F., Breen, G., Borglum, A. D., Sullivan, P. F., Reininghaus, E., Rouleau, G. A., Rybakowski, J. K., Schalling, M., Schofield, P. R., Schweizer, B. W., Severino, G., Shilling, P. D., Shimoda, K., Simhandl, C., Slaney, C. M., Squassina, A., Stamm, T., Stopkova, P., Maj, M., Turecki, G., Vieta, E., Veeh, J., Wright, A., Zandi, P. P., Mitchell, P. B., Bauer, M., Alda, M., Mcmahon, F. J., and Adult Psychiatry

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Lithium (medication), [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Genome-wide association study, Logistic regression, THERAPY, ddc:616.89, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Major depression, PREDICTORS, Depression (differential diagnoses), RISK, Depression, Psychiatry and Mental health, Quartile, Cohort, AUGMENTATION, medicine.drug, POLARITY, medicine.medical_specialty, GENETICS, Bipolar disorder, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Lithium, PROPHYLACTIC LITHIUM, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, Humans, ddc:610, AGENTS, Molecular Biology, Genetic association, Depressive Disorder, Major, business.industry, medicine.disease, EFFICACY, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, PHARMACOLOGICAL-TREATMENTS, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.Lithium is a first-line medication for bipolar disorder (BD), but only one in three patients respond optimally to the drug. Since evidence shows a strong clinical and genetic overlap between depression and bipolar disorder, we investigated whether a polygenic susceptibility to major depression is associated with response to lithium treatment in patients with BD. Weighted polygenic scores (PGSs) were computed for major depression (MD) at different GWAS p value thresholds using genetic data obtained from 2586 bipolar patients who received lithium treatment and took part in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen) study. Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies in MD (135,458 cases and 344,901 controls) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) were used for PGS weighting. Response to lithium treatment was defined by continuous scores and categorical outcome (responders versus non-responders) using measurements on the Alda scale. Associations between PGSs of MD and lithium treatment response were assessed using a linear and binary logistic regression modeling for the continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. The analysis was performed for the entire cohort, and for European and Asian sub-samples. The PGSs for MD were significantly associated with lithium treatment response in multi-ethnic, European or Asian populations, at various p value thresholds. Bipolar patients with a low polygenic load for MD were more likely to respond well to lithium, compared to those patients with high polygenic load [lowest vs highest PGS quartiles, multi-ethnic sample: OR = 1.54 (95% CI: 1.18–2.01) and European sample: OR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.30–2.36)]. While our analysis in the Asian sample found equivalent effect size in the same direction: OR = 1.71 (95% CI: 0.61–4.90), this was not statistically significant. Using PGS decile comparison, we found a similar trend of association between a high genetic loading for MD and lower response to lithium. Our findings underscore the genetic contribution to lithium response in BD and support the emerging concept of a lithium-responsive biotype in BD.

Published
2021

39. Genetic analyses identify widespread sex-differential participation bias

Author

Pirastu N., Cordioli M., Nandakumar P., Mignogna G., Abdellaoui A., Hollis B., Kanai M., Rajagopal V. M., Parolo P. D. B., Baya N., Carey C. E., Karjalainen J., Als T. D., Van der Zee M. D., Day F. R., Ong K. K., Agee M., Aslibekyan S., Bell R. K., Bryc K., Clark S. K., Elson S. L., Fletez-Brant K., Fontanillas P., Furlotte N. A., Gandhi P. M., Heilbron K., Hicks B., Huber K. E., Jewett E. M., Jiang Y., Kleinman A., Lin K. -H., Litterman N. K., Luff M. K., McIntyre M. H., McManus K. F., Mountain J. L., Mozaffari S. V., Noblin E. S., Northover C. A. M., O'Connell J., Petrakovitz A. A., Pitts S. J., Poznik G. D., Sathirapongsasuti J. F., Shelton J. F., Shringarpure S., Tian C., Tung J. Y., Tunney R. J., Vacic V., Wang X., Zare A., Mortensen P. B., Mors O., Werge T., Nordentoft M., Hougaard D. M., Bybjerg-Grauholm J., Baekvad-Hansen M., Morisaki T., de Geus E., Bellocco R., Okada Y., Borglum A. D., Joshi P., Auton A., Hinds D., Neale B. M., Walters R. K., Nivard M. G., Perry J. R. B., Ganna A., Pirastu, N, Cordioli, M, Nandakumar, P, Mignogna, G, Abdellaoui, A, Hollis, B, Kanai, M, Rajagopal, V, Parolo, P, Baya, N, Carey, C, Karjalainen, J, Als, T, Van der Zee, M, Day, F, Ong, K, Agee, M, Aslibekyan, S, Bell, R, Bryc, K, Clark, S, Elson, S, Fletez-Brant, K, Fontanillas, P, Furlotte, N, Gandhi, P, Heilbron, K, Hicks, B, Huber, K, Jewett, E, Jiang, Y, Kleinman, A, Lin, K, Litterman, N, Luff, M, Mcintyre, M, Mcmanus, K, Mountain, J, Mozaffari, S, Noblin, E, Northover, C, O'Connell, J, Petrakovitz, A, Pitts, S, Poznik, G, Sathirapongsasuti, J, Shelton, J, Shringarpure, S, Tian, C, Tung, J, Tunney, R, Vacic, V, Wang, X, Zare, A, Mortensen, P, Mors, O, Werge, T, Nordentoft, M, Hougaard, D, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Morisaki, T, de Geus, E, Bellocco, R, Okada, Y, Borglum, A, Joshi, P, Auton, A, Hinds, D, Neale, B, Walters, R, Nivard, M, Perry, J, Ganna, A, Biological Psychology, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Mental Health, and Adult Psychiatry

Subjects
Adult, Inheritance Pattern, Male, Sex Characteristics, Inheritance Patterns, Sex Characteristic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, United Kingdom, Bias, Genetic Loci, Sample Size, Bia, Artifact, Biological Specimen Bank, Humans, Chromosomes, Human, Female, Artifacts, Biological Specimen Banks, Genome-Wide Association Study, Human
Abstract

Genetic association results are often interpreted with the assumption that study participation does not affect downstream analyses. Understanding the genetic basis of participation bias is challenging since it requires the genotypes of unseen individuals. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to estimate comparative biases by performing a genome-wide association study contrasting one subgroup versus another. For example, we showed that sex exhibits artifactual autosomal heritability in the presence of sex-differential participation bias. By performing a genome-wide association study of sex in approximately 3.3 million males and females, we identified over 158 autosomal loci spuriously associated with sex and highlighted complex traits underpinning differences in study participation between the sexes. For example, the body mass index-increasing allele at FTO was observed at higher frequency in males compared to females (odds ratio = 1.02, P = 4.4 × 10-36). Finally, we demonstrated how these biases can potentially lead to incorrect inferences in downstream analyses and propose a conceptual framework for addressing such biases. Our findings highlight a new challenge that genetic studies may face as sample sizes continue to grow.

Published
2021

41. The shape of the radio wavefront of extensive air showers as measured with LOFAR

Author

Corstanje, A., Schellart, P., Nelles, A., Buitink, S., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Frieswijk, W., Hörandel, J.R., Krause, M., Rachen, J.P., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Trinh, T.N.G., van den Akker, M., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I.M., Bell, M.E., Bentum, M.J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H.R., Ciardi, B., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Fallows, R.A., Ferrari, C., Garrett, M.A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A.W., Hamaker, J.P., Hoeft, M., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V.I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mevius, M., Munk, H., Norden, M.J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V.N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A.M.M., Schwarz, D., Smirnov, O., Stewart, A., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R.J., Wijnholds, S.J., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., and Zarka, P.

Published
2015
Full Text
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42. Whole genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical Covid-19

Author

Kousathanas, A., Pairo-Castineira, E., Rawlik, K., Stuckey, A., Odhams, C. A., Walker, S., Russell, C. D., Malinauskas, T., Wu, Y., Millar, J., Shen, X., Elliott, K. S., Griffiths, F., Oosthuyzen, W., Morrice, K., Keating, S., Wang, B., Rhodes, D., Klaric, L., Zechner, M., Parkinson, N., Siddiq, A., Goddard, P., Donovan, S., Maslove, D., Nichol, A., Semple, M. G., Zainy, T., Maleady-Crowe, F., Todd, L., Salehi, S., Knight, J., Elgar, G., Chan, G., Arumugam, P., Patch, C., Rendon, A., Bentley, D., Kingsley, C., Kosmicki, J. A., Horowitz, J. E., Baras, A., Abecasis, G. R., Ferreira, M. A. R., Justice, A., Mirshahi, T., Oetjens, M., Rader, D. J., Ritchie, M. D., Verma, A., Fowler, T. A., Shankar-Hari, M., Summers, C., Hinds, C., Horby, P., Mcauley, D., Montgomery, H., Openshaw, P. J. M., Elliott, P., Walsh, T., Tenesa, A., Fawkes, A., Murphy, L., Rowan, K., Ponting, C. P., Vitart, V., Wilson, J. F., Yang, J., Bretherick, A. D., Scott, R. H., Hendry, S. C., Moutsianas, L., Law, A., Caulfield, M. J., Baillie, J. K., Begg, C., Ling, L., Pereira, A. C., Aravindan, L., Armstrong, R., Biggs, H., Boz, C., Brown, A., Clark, R., Coutts, A., Coyle, J., Cullum, L., Das, S., Day, N., Donnelly, L., Duncan, E., Finernan, P., Fourman, M. H., Furlong, A., Furniss, J., Gallagher, B., Gilchrist, T., Golightly, A., Hafezi, K., Hamilton, D., Hendry, R., Law, D., Law, R., Law, S., Lidstone-Scott, R., Macgillivray, L., Maclean, A., Mal, H., Mccafferty, S., Mcmaster, E., Meikle, J., Moore, S. C., Murphy, S., Hellen, M., Zheng, C., Chen, J., Paterson, T., Schon, K., Stenhouse, A., Das, M., Swets, M., Szoor-McElhinney, H., Taneski, F., Turtle, L., Wackett, T., Ward, M., Weaver, J., Wrobel, N., Arbane, G., Bociek, A., Campos, S., Grau, N., Jones, T. O., Lim, R., Marotti, M., Ostermann, M., Whitton, C., Alldis, Z., Astin-Chamberlain, R., Bibi, F., Biddle, J., Blow, S., Bolton, M., Borra, C., Bowles, R., Burton, M., Choudhury, Y., Collier, D., Cox, A., Easthope, A., Ebano, P., Fotiadis, S., Gurasashvili, J., Halls, R., Hartridge, P., Kallon, D., Kassam, J., Lancoma-Malcolm, I., Matharu, M., May, P., Mitchelmore, O., Newman, T., Patel, M., Pheby, J., Pinzuti, I., Prime, Z., Prysyazhna, O., Shiel, J., Taylor, M., Tierney, C., Wood, S., Zak, A., Zongo, O., Bonner, S., Hugill, K., Jones, J., Liggett, S., Headlam, E., Bandla, N., Gellamucho, M., Davies, M., Thompson, C., Abdelrazik, M., Bakthavatsalam, D., Elhassan, M., Ganesan, A., Haldeos, A., Moreno-Cuesta, J., Purohit, D., Vincent, R., Xavier, K., Kumar, R., Frater, Alessia, Saleem, M., Carter, D., Jenkins, S., Lamond, Z., Wall, A., Fernandez-Roman, J., Hamilton, D. O., Johnson, E., Johnston, B., Martinez Guzman, Maria Loreto, Mulla, S., Shaw, D., Waite, A. A. C., Waugh, V., Welters, I. D., Williams, K., Cavazza, A., Cockrell, M., Corcoran, E., Depante, M., Finney, C., Jerome, E., Mcphail, M., Nayak, M., Noble, H., O'Reilly, K., Pappa, E., Saha, R., Saha, S., Smith, Jenovia Amisti, Knighton, A., Antcliffe, D., Banach, D., Brett, S., Coghlan, P., Fernandez, Z., Gordon, A., Rojo, R., Arias, S. S., Templeton, M., Meredith, M., Morris, L., Ryan, L., Clark, A., Sampson, J., Peters, C., Dent, M., Langley, M., Ashraf, Sana, Wei, S., Andrew, A., Bashyal, A., Davidson, N., Hutton, P., Mckechnie, S., Wilson, J., Baptista, D., Crowe, R., Fernandes, R., Herdman-Grant, R., Joseph, A., O'Connor, D., Allen, M., Loveridge, A., Mckenley, I., Morino, E., Naranjo, A., Simms, R., Sollesta, K., Swain, A., Venkatesh, H., Khera, J., Fox, J., Andrew, G., Barclay, L., Callaghan, M., Campbell, R., Clark, S., Hope, D., Marshall, L., Mcculloch, C., Briton, K., Singleton, J., Birch, S., Brimfield, L., Daly, Z., Pogson, D., Rose, S., Nown, A., Battle, C., Brinkworth, E., Harford, R., Murphy, C., Newey, L., Rees, T., Williams, M., Arnold, S., Polgarova, P., Stroud, K., Meaney, E., Jones, M., Ng, A., Agrawal, S., Pathan, N., White, D., Daubney, E., Elston, K., Grauslyte, L., Hussain, M., Phull, M., Pogreban, T., Rosaroso, L., Salciute, E., Franke, G., Wong, J., George, A., de Gordoa, L. O. -R., Peasgood, E., Phillips, C., Bates, M., Dasgin, J., Gill, J., Nilsson, A., Scriven, J., Collins, A., Khaliq, W., Gude, E. T., Delgado, C. C., Dawson, D., Ding, L., Durrant, G., Ezeobu, O., Farnell-Ward, S., Harrison, A., Kanu, R., Leaver, S., Maccacari, E., Manna, S., Saluzzio, R. P., Queiroz, J., Samakomva, T., Sicat, C., Texeira, J., Da Gloria, E. F., Lisboa, A., Rawlins, J., Mathew, J., Kinch, A., Hurt, W. J., Shah, N., Clark, V., Thanasi, M., Yun, N., Patel, K., Bennett, S., Goodwin, E., Jackson, M., Kent, A., Tibke, C., Woodyatt, W., Zaki, A., Abraheem, A., Bamford, P., Cawley, K., Dunmore, C., Faulkner, M., Girach, R., Jeffrey, H., Jones, R., London, E., Nagra, I., Nasir, F., Sainsbury, H., Smedley, C., Patel, T., Smith, M., Chukkambotla, S., Kazi, A., Hartley, J., Dykes, J., Hijazi, M., Keith, S., Khan, M., Ryan-Smith, J., Springle, P., Thomas, J., Truman, N., Saad, S., Coleman, D., Fine, C., Matt, R., Gay, B., Dalziel, J., Ali, S., Goodchild, D., Harling, R., Bhatterjee, R., Goddard, W., Davison, C., Duberly, S., Hargreaves, J., Bolton, R., Davey, M., Golden, D., Seaman, R., Cherian, S., Cutler, S., Heron, A. E., Roynon-Reed, A., Szakmany, T., Williams, G., Richards, O., Cheema, Y., Brooke, H., Buckley, S., Suarez, J. C., Charlesworth, R., Hansson, K., Norris, J., Poole, A., Rose, A., Sandhu, R., Sloan, B., Smithson, E., Thirumaran, M., Wagstaff, V., Metcalfe, A., Brunton, M., Caterson, J., Coles, H., Frise, M., Rai, S. G., Jacques, N., Keating, L., Tilney, E., Bartley, S., Bhuie, P., Gibson, S., Lyle, A., Mcneela, F., Radhakrishnan, J., Hughes, A., Yates, B., Reynolds, J., Campbell, H., Thompsom, M., Dodds, S., Duffy, S., Greer, S., Shuker, K., Tridente, A., Khade, R., Sundar, A., Tsinaslanidis, G., Birkinshaw, I., Carter, J., Howard, K., Ingham, J., Joy, R., Pearson, H., Roche, S., Scott, Z., Bancroft, H., Bellamy, M., Carmody, M., Daglish, J., Moore, F., Rhodes, J., Sangombe, M., Kadiri, S., Croft, M., White, I., Frost, V., Aquino, M., Jha, R., Krishnamurthy, V., Lim, L., Combes, E., Joefield, T., Monnery, S., Beech, V., Trotman, S., Christine, Almaden-Boyle, Austin, P., Cabrelli, L., Cole, S., Casey, M., Chapman, S., Whyte, C., Baird, Y., Butler, A., Chadbourn, I., Folkes, L., Fox, H., Gardner, A., Gomez, R., Hobden, G., Hodgson, L., King, K., Margarson, M., Martindale, T., Meadows, E., Raynard, D., Thirlwall, Y., Helm, D., Margalef, J., Criste, K., Cusack, R., Golder, K., Golding, H., Jones, O., Leggett, S., Male, M., Marani, M., Prager, K., Williams, T., Roberts, B., Salmon, K., Anderson, P., Archer, K., Austin, K., Davis, C., Durie, A., Kelsall, O., Thrush, J., Vigurs, C., Wild, L., Wood, H. -L., Tranter, H., Cowley, N., Mcalindon, M., Burtenshaw, A., Digby, S., Low, E., Morgan, A., Cother, N., Rankin, T., Clayton, S., Mccurdy, A., Ahmed, C., Baines, B., Clamp, S., Colley, J., Haq, R., Hayes, A., Hulme, J., Hussain, S., Joseph, S., Maqsood, Z., Purewal, M., Benham, L., Bradshaw, Z., Brown, J., Caswell, M., Cupitt, J., Melling, S., Preston, S., Slawson, N., Stoddard, E., Warden, S., Deacon, B., Lynch, C., Pothecary, C., Roche, L., Howe, G. S., Singh, Jaywant, Turner, K., Ellis, H., Stroud, N., Hunt, J., Dearden, J., Dobson, E., Drummond, A., Mulcahy, M., Munt, S., O'Connor, G., Philbin, J., Rishton, C., Tully, R., Winnard, S., Cathcart, S., Duffy, K., Puxty, A., Puxty, K., Turner, L., Ireland, J., Semple, G., Long, K., Whiteley, S., Wilby, E., Ogg, B., Cowton, A., Kay, Abigail, Kent, M., Potts, K., Wilkinson, A., Campbell, S., Brown, E., Melville, J., Naisbitt, J., Joseph, R., Lazo, M., Walton, O., Neal, A., Alexander, P., Allen, S., Bradley-Potts, J., Brantwood, C., Egan, J., Felton, T., Padden, G., Ward, L., Moss, S., Glasgow, S., Abel, L., Brett, M., Digby, B., Gemmell, L., Hornsby, J., Macgoey, P., O'Neil, P., Price, R., Rodden, N., Rooney, K., Sundaram, R., Thomson, N., Hopkins, B., Thrasyvoulou, L., Willis, H., Clark, M., Coulding, M., Jude, E., Mccormick, J., Mercer, O., Potla, D., Rehman, H., Savill, H., Turner, V., Downes, C., Holding, K., Riches, K., Hilton, M., Hayman, M., Subramanian, D., Daniel, P., Adanini, O., Bhatia, N., Msiska, M., Collins, R., Clement, I., Patel, B., Gulati, A., Hays, C., Webster, K., Hudson, A., Webster, A., Stephenson, E., Mccormack, L., Slater, V., Nixon, R., Hanson, H., Fearby, M., Kelly, S., Bridgett, V., Robinson, P., Camsooksai, J., Humphrey, C., Reschreiter, H., Wadams, B., Death, Y., Bastion, V., Clarke, D., David, B., Kent, H., Lorusso, Riccardo, Lubimbi, G., Murdoch, S., Penacerrada, M., Thomas, A., Valentine, J., Vochin, A., Wulandari, R., Djeugam, B., Bell, G., English, K., Katary, A., Wilcox, L., Bruce, M., Connolly, K., Duncan, T., Michael, H. T., Lindergard, G., Hey, S., Fox, C., Alfonso, J., Durrans, L. J., Guerin, J., Blackledge, B., Harris, J., Hruska, M., Eltayeb, A., Lamb, T., Hodgkiss, T., Cooper, L., Rothwell, J., Allan, A., Anderson, F., Kaye, C., Liew, J., Medhora, J., Scott, T., Trumper, E., Botello, A., Lankester, L., Nikitas, N., Wells, C., Stowe, B., Spencer, K., Brandwood, C., Smith, L., Birchall, K., Kolakaluri, L., Baines, D., Sukumaran, A., Apetri, E., Basikolo, C., Catlow, L., Charles, B., Dark, P., Doonan, R., Harvey, A., Horner, D., Knowles, K., Lee, S., Lomas, D., Lyons, C., Marsden, T., Mclaughlan, D., Mcmorrow, L., Pendlebury, J., Perez, J., Poulaka, M., Proudfoot, N., Slaughter, M., Slevin, K., Thomas, V., Walker, D., Michael, A., Collis, M., Cosier, T., Millen, G., Richardson, N., Schumacher, N., Weston, H., Rand, J., Baxter, N., Henderson, S., Kennedy-Hay, S., Mcparland, C., Rooney, L., Sim, M., Mccreath, G., Akeroyd, L., Bano, S., Bromley, M., Gurr, L., Lawton, T., Morgan, J., Sellick, K., Warren, D., Wilkinson, B., Mcgowan, J., Ledgard, C., Stacey, A., Pye, K., Bellwood, R., Bentley, M., Bewley, J., Garland, Z., Grimmer, L., Gumbrill, B., Johnson, R., Sweet, K., Webster, D., Efford, G., Convery, K., Fottrell-Gould, D., Hudig, L., Keshet-Price, J., Randell, G., Stammers, K., Bokhari, M., Linnett, V., Lucas, R., Mccormick, W., Ritzema, J., Sanderson, A., Wild, H., Rostron, A., Roy, A., Woods, L., Cornell, S., Wakinshaw, F., Rogerson, K., Jarmain, J., Parker, R., Reddy, A., Turner-Bone, I., Harding, P., Abernathy, C., Foster, L., Gratrix, A., Martinson, V., Parkinson, P., Stones, E., Carbral-Ortega, L., Bercades, G., Brealey, D., Hass, I., Maccallum, N., Martir, G., Raith, E., Reyes, A., Smyth, D., Zitter, L., Benyon, S., Marriott, S., Park, L., Keenan, S., Gordon, E., Quinn, H., Baines, K., Cagova, L., Fofano, A., Garner, L., Holcombe, H., Mepham, S., Mitchell, A. M., Mwaura, L., Praman, K., Vuylsteke, A., Zamikula, J., Purewal, B., Rivers, V., Bell, S., Blakemore, H., Borislavova, B., Faulkner, B., Gendall, E., Goff, E., Hayes, K., Thomas, M., Worner, R., Smith, K., Stephens, D., Mew, L., Mwaura, E., Stewart, R., Williams, F., Wren, L., Sutherland, S. -B., Bevan, E., Martin, J., Trodd, D., Watson, G., Brown, C. W., Akinkugbe, O., Bamford, A., Beech, E., Belfield, H., Bell, M., Davies, C., Jones, G. A. L., Mchugh, T., Meghari, H., O'Neill, L., Peters, M. J., Ray, S., Tomas, A. L., Burn, I., Hambrook, G., Manso, K., Penn, R., Shanmugasundaram, P., Tebbutt, J., Thornton, D., Cole, J., Davies, R., Duffin, D., Hill, H., Player, B., Thomas, E., Williams, A., Griffin, D., Muchenje, N., Mupudzi, M., Partridge, R., Conyngham, J. -A., Thomas, R., Wright, M., Corral, M. A., Jacob, R., Jones, C., Denmade, C., Beavis, S., Dale, K., Gascoyne, R., Hawes, J., Pritchard, K., Stevenson, L., Whileman, A., Doble, P., Hutter, J., Pawley, C., Shovelton, C., Vaida, M., Butcher, D., O'Sullivan, S., Butterworth-Cowin, N., Ahmad, N., Barker, J., Bauchmuller, K., Bird, S., Cawthron, K., Harrington, K., Jackson, Y., Kibutu, F., Lenagh, B., Masuko, S., Mills, G. 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C., Allan, J., Geary, T., Houston, G., Meikle, A., O'Brien, P., Forsey, M., Kaliappan, A., Nicholson, A., Riches, J., Vertue, M., Allan, E., Darlington, K., Davies, F., Easton, J., Kumar, S., Lean, R., Menzies, D., Pugh, R., Qiu, X., Davies, L., Williams, John Harford, Scanlon, J., Davies, G., Mackay, C., Lewis, J., Rees, S., Oblak, M., Popescu, M., Thankachen, M., Higham, A., Craig, J., Baruah, R., Morris, S., Ferguson, S., Shepherd, A., Moore, L. S. P., Vizcaychipi, M. P., de Almeida Martins, L. G., Carungcong, J., Ali, I. A. M., Beaumont, K., Blunt, M., Coton, Z., Curgenven, H., Elsaadany, M., Fernandes, K., Ally, S. M., Rangarajan, H., Sarathy, V., Selvanayagam, S., Vedage, D., White, M., Gill, M., Paul, P., Ratnam, V., Shelton, S., Wynter, I., Carmody, S., Page, V. J., Beith, C. 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Forgetta, V, Morrison, D, Ghosh, B, Laurent, L, Belisle, A, Henry, D, Abdullah, T, Adeleye, O, Mamlouk, N, Kimchi, N, Afrasiabi, Z, Rezk, N, Vulesevic, B, Bouab, M, Guzman, C, Petitjean, L, Tselios, C, Xue, X, Schurr, E, Afilalo, J, Afilalo, M, Oliveira, M, Brenner, B, Lepage, P, Ragoussis, J, Auld, D, Brassard, N, Durand, M, Chasse, M, Kaufmann, D, Lathrop, G, Mooser, V, Richards, J, Li, R, Adra, D, Rahmouni, S, Georges, M, Moutschen, M, Misset, B, Darcis, G, Guiot, J, Guntz, J, Azarzar, S, Gofflot, S, Beguin, Y, Claassen, S, Malaise, O, Huynen, P, Meuris, C, Thys, M, Jacques, J, Leonard, P, Frippiat, F, Giot, J, Sauvage, A, von Frenckell, C, Belhaj, Y, Lambermont, B, Pigazzini, S, Nkambule, L, Daya, M, Shortt, J, Rafaels, N, Wicks, S, Crooks, K, Barnes, K, Gignoux, C, Chavan, S, Laisk, T, Lall, K, Lepamets, M, Magi, R, Esko, T, Reimann, E, Milani, L, Alavere, H, Metsalu, K, Puusepp, M, Metspalu, A, Naaber, P, Laane, E, Pesukova, J, Peterson, P, Kisand, K, Tabri, J, Allos, R, Hensen, K, Starkopf, J, Ringmets, I, Tamm, A, Kallaste, A, Bochud, P, Rivolta, C, Bibert, S, Quinodoz, M, Kamdar, D, Boillat, N, Nussle, S, Albrich, W, Suh, N, Neofytos, D, Erard, V, Voide, C, de Cid, R, Galvan-Femenia, I, Blay, N, Carreras, A, Cortes, B, Farre, X, Sumoy, L, Moreno, V, Mercader, J, Guindo-Martinez, M, Torrents, D, Kogevinas, M, Garcia-Aymerich, J, Castano-Vinyals, G, Dobano, C, Renieri, A, Mari, F, Fallerini, C, Daga, S, Benetti, E, Baldassarri, M, Fava, F, Frullanti, E, Valentino, F, Doddato, G, Giliberti, A, Tita, R, Amitrano, S, Bruttini, M, Croci, S, Meloni, I, Mencarelli, M, Rizzo, C, Pinto, A, Beligni, G, Tommasi, A, Di Sarno, L, Palmieri, M, Carriero, M, Alaverdian, D, Busani, S, Bruno, R, Vecchia, M, Belli, M, Picchiotti, N, Sanarico, M, Gori, M, Furini, S, Mantovani, S, Ludovisi, S, Mondelli, M, Castelli, F, Quiros-Roldan, E, Antoni, M, Zanella, I, Vaghi, M, Rusconi, S, Siano, M, Montagnani, F, Emiliozzi, A, Fabbiani, M, Rossetti, B, Bargagli, E, Bergantini, L, D'Alessandro, M, Cameli, P, Bennett, D, Anedda, F, Marcantonio, S, Scolletta, S, Franchi, F, Mazzei, M, Guerrini, S, Conticini, E, Cantarini, L, Frediani, B, Tacconi, D, Spertilli, C, Feri, M, Donati, A, Scala, R, Guidelli, L, Spargi, G, Corridi, M, Nencioni, C, Croci, L, Bandini, M, Caldarelli, G, Piacentini, P, Desanctis, E, Cappelli, S, Canaccini, A, Verzuri, A, Anemoli, V, Ognibene, A, Pancrazzi, A, Lorubbio, M, D'Arminio Monforte, A, Miraglia, F, Girardis, M, Venturelli, S, Cossarizza, A, Antinori, A, Vergori, A, Gabrieli, A, Riva, A, Francisci, D, Schiaroli, E, Paciosi, F, Scotton, P, Andretta, F, Panese, S, Scaggiante, R, Gatti, F, Parisi, S, Baratti, S, Della Monica, M, Piscopo, C, Capasso, M, Russo, R, Andolfo, I, Iolascon, A, Fiorentino, G, Carella, M, Castori, M, Merla, G, Squeo, G, Aucella, F, Raggi, P, Marciano, C, Perna, R, Bassetti, M, Di Biagio, A, Sanguinetti, M, Masucci, L, Valente, S, Mandala, M, Giorli, A, Salerni, L, Zucchi, P, Parravicini, P, Menatti, E, Trotta, T, Giannattasio, F, Coiro, G, Lena, F, Coviello, D, Mussini, C, Martinelli, E, Mancarella, S, Tavecchia, L, Crotti, L, Gabbi, C, Rizzi, M, Maggiolo, F, Ripamonti, D, Bachetti, T, La Rovere, M, Sarzi-Braga, S, Bussotti, M, Ceri, S, Pinoli, P, Raimondi, F, Biscarini, F, Stella, A, Zguro, K, Capitani, K, Suardi, C, Dei, S, Parati, G, Ravaglia, S, Artuso, R, Botta, G, Di Domenico, P, Rancan, I, Perrella, A, Bianchi, F, Romani, D, Bergomi, P, Catena, E, Colombo, R, Tanfoni, M, Vincenti, A, Ferri, C, Grassi, D, Pessina, G, Tumbarello, M, Di Pietro, M, Sabrina, R, Luchi, S, Barbieri, C, Acquilini, D, Andreucci, E, Segala, F, Tiseo, G, Falcone, M, Lista, M, Poscente, M, De Vivo, O, Petrocelli, P, Guarnaccia, A, Baroni, S, Smith, A, Boughton, A, Li, K, Lefaive, J, Annis, A, Chittoor, G, Josyula, N, Leader, J, Carey, D, Gass, M, Cantor, M, Yadav, A, van Heel, D, Hunt, K, Mason, D, Huang, Q, Finer, S, Trivedi, B, Griffiths, C, Martin, H, Wright, J, Trembath, R, Soranzo, N, Zhao, J, Butterworth, A, Danesh, J, Di Angelantonio, E, Franke, L, Boezen, M, Deelen, P, Claringbould, A, Lopera, E, Warmerdam, R, Vonk, J, van Blokland, I, Lanting, P, Ori, A, Zollner, S, Wang, J, Beck, A, Peloso, G, Ho, Y, Sun, Y, Huffman, J, O'Donnell, C, Cho, K, Tsao, P, Gaziano, J, Nivard, M, de Geus, E, Bartels, M, Jan Hottenga, J, Weiss, S, Karlson, E, Smoller, J, Green, R, Feng, Y, Murphy, S, Meigs, J, Woolley, A, Perez, E, Li, B, Verma, S, Lucas, A, Bradford, Y, Zeberg, H, Frithiof, R, Hultstrom, M, Lipcsey, M, Tardif, N, Rooyackers, O, Grip, J, Maricic, T, Karczewski, K, Atkinson, E, Tsuo, K, Baya, N, Turley, P, Gupta, R, Callier, S, Walters, R, Palmer, D, Sarma, G, Cheng, N, Lu, W, Bryant, S, Churchhouse, C, Cusick, C, Goldstein, J, King, D, Seed, C, Finucane, H, Martin, A, Satterstrom, F, Wilson, D, Armstrong, J, Rudkin, J, Band, G, Earle, S, Lin, S, Arning, N, Crook, D, Wyllie, D, O'Connell, A, Spencer, C, Koelling, N, Caulfield, M, Scott, R, Moutsianas, L, Pasko, D, Ball, C, Hong, E, Rand, K, Girshick, A, Guturu, H, Baltzell, A, Roberts, G, Park, D, Coignet, M, Mccurdy, S, Knight, S, Partha, R, Rhead, B, Zhang, M, Berkowitz, N, Gaddis, M, Noto, K, Ruiz, L, Pavlovic, M, Sloofman, L, Charney, A, Beckmann, N, Schadt, E, Jordan, D, Thompson, R, Gettler, K, Abul-Husn, N, Ascolillo, S, Buxbaum, J, Chaudhary, K, Cho, J, Itan, Y, Kenny, E, Belbin, G, Sealfon, S, Sebra, R, Salib, I, Collins, B, Levy, T, Britvan, B, Keller, K, Tang, L, Peruggia, M, Hiester, L, Niblo, K, Aksentijevich, A, Labkowsky, A, Karp, A, Zlatopolsky, M, Preuss, M, Loos, R, Nadkarni, G, Do, R, Hoggart, C, Choi, S, Underwood, S, O'Reilly, P, Huckins, L, Zyndorf, M, Daly, M, Neale, B, Ganna, A, Fawkes, A, Murphy, L, Rowan, K, Ponting, C, Vitart, V, Yang, J, Bretherick, A, Hendry, S, Law, A, Baillie, J, Kousathanas, Athanasios [0000-0001-6265-6521], Pairo-Castineira, Erola [0000-0002-2423-3090], Rawlik, Konrad [0000-0002-0010-370X], Walker, Susan [0000-0002-5016-6426], Malinauskas, Tomas [0000-0002-4847-5529], Wu, Yang [0000-0002-0128-7280], Shen, Xia [0000-0003-4390-1979], Elliott, Katherine S [0000-0002-8125-797X], Keating, Sean [0000-0001-8552-5604], Wang, Bo [0000-0002-1580-797X], Klaric, Lucija [0000-0003-3105-8929], Parkinson, Nick [0000-0001-6336-5654], Nichol, Alistair [0000-0002-4689-1238], Semple, Malcolm G [0000-0001-9700-0418], Salehi, Shahla [0000-0002-5058-7706], Knight, Julian [0000-0002-0377-5536], Elgar, Greg [0000-0001-7323-1596], Patch, Christine [0000-0002-4191-0663], Baras, Aris [0000-0002-6830-3396], Abecasis, Goncalo R [0000-0003-1509-1825], Ferreira, Manuel AR [0000-0001-9059-1825], Rader, Daniel J [0000-0002-9245-9876], Ritchie, Marylyn D [0000-0002-1208-1720], Shankar-Hari, Manu [0000-0002-5338-2538], Summers, Charlotte [0000-0002-7269-2873], Hinds, Charles [0000-0001-5094-8324], McAuley, Danny [0000-0002-3283-1947], Montgomery, Hugh [0000-0001-8797-5019], Elliott, Paul [0000-0002-7511-5684], Tenesa, Albert [0000-0003-4884-4475], Murphy, Lee [0000-0001-6467-7449], Rowan, Kathy [0000-0001-8217-5602], Ponting, Chris P [0000-0003-0202-7816], Vitart, Veronique [0000-0002-4991-3797], Wilson, James F [0000-0001-5751-9178], Yang, Jian [0000-0003-2001-2474], Bretherick, Andrew D [0000-0001-9258-3140], Hendry, Sara Clohisey [0000-0001-7489-9846], Moutsianas, Loukas [0000-0001-5453-345X], Law, Andy [0000-0003-1868-2364], Caulfield, Mark J [0000-0001-9295-3594], Baillie, J Kenneth [0000-0001-5258-793X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, National Institute for Health Research, UKRI MRC COVID-19 Rapid Response Call, UK Research and Innovation, Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AII - Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Neurology, Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), APH - Methodology, APH - Mental Health, Biological Psychology, AMS - Ageing & Vitality, AMS - Sports, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Department of Health & Social Care (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Roslin Institute, Pérez-Tur, Jordi, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Doctoral Programme in Population Health, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Public Health, Samuli Olli Ripatti / Principal Investigator, Complex Disease Genetics, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), Data Science Genetic Epidemiology Lab, CAMM - Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, investigators, GenOMICC, investigators, 23andMe, and Initiative, COVID-19 Human Genetics

Subjects
Genome-wide association studies, PATHWAY, Fucosyltransferase, Lectins, Receptors, Genetics research, TOOL, Phospholipid Transfer Proteins, Genome, Multidisciplinary, C-Type, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Critical Care, E-Selectin, Factor VIII, Fucosyltransferases, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Interleukin-10 Receptor beta Subunit, Lectins, C-Type, Mucin-1, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Receptors, Cell Surface, Repressor Proteins, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Critical Illness, Genome, Human, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Whole Genome Sequencing, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, ASSOCIATION, GenOMICC investigators, COVID-19/genetics, Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Host-Pathogen Interaction, Cell Surface, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Infectious diseases, Critical Illne, Human, Respiratory distress syndrome, General Science & Technology, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter, DENDRITIC CELLS, 23andMe investigators, Settore MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA, Phospholipid Transfer Protein, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, LINKAGE, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity, Repressor Protein, SIGNAL, ONTOLOGY, COVID-19 Human Genetics Initiative, Critical Illness/mortality, Cell Adhesion Molecule, Nerve Tissue Protein, Genome, Human/genetics
Abstract

34 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 tabla., Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2-4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes-including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)-in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease., GenOMICC was funded by the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), Illumina, LifeArc, the Medical Research Council (MRC), UKRI, Sepsis Research (the Fiona Elizabeth Agnew Trust), the Intensive Care Society, a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (J.K.B., 223164/Z/21/Z) a BBSRC Institute Program Support Grant to the Roslin Institute (BBS/E/D/20002172, BBS/E/D/10002070 and BBS/E/D/30002275) and UKRI grants MC_ PC_20004, MC_PC_19025, MC_PC_1905 and MRNO2995X/1. WGS was performed by Illumina Article at Illumina Laboratory Services and was overseen by Genomics England. We would like to thank all at Genomics England who have contributed to the sequencing, clinical and genomic data analysis. This research is supported in part by the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation (grant ref. MC_PC_20029). A.D.B. would like to acknowledge funding from the Wellcome PhD training fellowship for clinicians (204979/Z/16/Z) and the Edinburgh Clinical Academic Track (ECAT) programme. We thank the research participants and employees of 23andMe for making this work possible. Genomics England and the 100,000 Genomes Project were funded by the National Institute for Health Research, the Wellcome Trust, the MRC, Cancer Research UK, the DHSC and NHS England. We are grateful for the support from S. Hill and the team in NHS England and the 13 Genomic Medicine Centres that delivered the 100,000 Genomes Project, which provided most of the control genome sequences for this study. We thank the participants in the 100,000 Genomes Project, who made this study possible, and the Genomics England Participant Panel for their strategic advice, involvement and engagement. We acknowledge NHS Digital, Public Health England and the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, who provided life-course longitudinal clinical data on the participants. This work forms part of the portfolio of research of the National Institute for Health Research Barts Biomedical Research Centre. Mark Caulfield is an NIHR Senior Investigator. This study owes a great deal to the National Institute for Healthcare Research Clinical Research Network (NIHR CRN) and the Chief Scientist’s Office (Scotland), who facilitate recruitment into research studies in NHS hospitals, and to the global ISARIC and InFACT consortia. Additional replication was conducted using the UK Biobank Resource (project 26041). The Penn Medicine BioBank is funded by a gift from the Smilow family; the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under CTSA award number UL1TR001878; and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. We thank the AncestryDNA customers who voluntarily contributed information in the COVID-19 survey. HRS (dbGaP accession: phs000428.v1.p1): HRS was supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA U01AG009740). The genotyping was funded separately by the National Institute on Aging (RC2 AG036495, RC4 AG039029). Genotyping was conducted by the NIH Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR) at Johns Hopkins University. Genotyping quality control and final preparation of the data were performed by the Genetics Coordinating Center at the University of Washington. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project was supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health, and by the NCI, NHGRI, NHLBI, NIDA, NIMH and NINDS. The data used for the analyses described in this manuscript were obtained from the GTEx Portal on 22 August 2021 (GTEx Analysis Release v.8 (dbGaP Accession phs000424.v8.p2). We thank the research participants and employees of 23andMe for making this work possible. A full list of contributors who have provided data that were collated in the HGI project, including previous iterations, is available at https://www.covid19hg.org/acknowledgements. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the DHSC, NHS, Department for International Development (DID), NIHR, MRC, Wellcome Trust or Public Health England.

Published
2022

43. Collaborative meta-analysis finds no evidence of a strong interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR genotype contributing to the development of depression

Author

Culverhouse, R C, Saccone, N L, Horton, A C, Ma, Y, Anstey, K J, Banaschewski, T, Burmeister, M, Cohen-Woods, S, Etain, B, Fisher, H L, Goldman, N, Guillaume, S, Horwood, J, Juhasz, G, Lester, K J, Mandelli, L, Middeldorp, C M, Olié, E, Villafuerte, S, Air, T M, Araya, R, Bowes, L, Burns, R, Byrne, E M, Coffey, C, Coventry, W L, Gawronski, K AB, Glei, D, Hatzimanolis, A, Hottenga, J-J, Jaussent, I, Jawahar, C, Jennen-Steinmetz, C, Kramer, J R, Lajnef, M, Little, K, zu Schwabedissen, H M, Nauck, M, Nederhof, E, Petschner, P, Peyrot, W J, Schwahn, C, Sinnamon, G, Stacey, D, Tian, Y, Toben, C, Van der Auwera, S, Wainwright, N, Wang, J-C, Willemsen, G, Anderson, I M, Arolt, V, Åslund, C, Bagdy, G, Baune, B T, Bellivier, F, Boomsma, D I, Courtet, P, Dannlowski, U, de Geus, E JC, Deakin, J FW, Easteal, S, Eley, T, Fergusson, D M, Goate, A M, Gonda, X, Grabe, H J, Holzman, C, Johnson, E O, Kennedy, M, Laucht, M, Martin, N G, Munafò, M R, Nilsson, K W, Oldehinkel, A J, Olsson, C A, Ormel, J, Otte, C, Patton, G C, Penninx, B WJH, Ritchie, K, Sarchiapone, M, Scheid, J M, Serretti, A, Smit, J H, Stefanis, N C, Surtees, P G, Völzke, H, Weinstein, M, Whooley, M, Nurnberger, J I, Jr, Breslau, N, and Bierut, L J

Published
2018
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45. Gene expression in major depressive disorder

Author

Jansen, R, Penninx, B W J H, Madar, V, Xia, K, Milaneschi, Y, Hottenga, J J, Hammerschlag, A R, Beekman, A, van der Wee, N, Smit, J H, Brooks, A I, Tischfield, J, Posthuma, D, Schoevers, R, van Grootheest, G, Willemsen, G, de Geus, E J, Boomsma, D I, Wright, F A, Zou, F, Sun, W, and Sullivan, P F

Published
2016
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47. Synchronous X-ray and Radio Mode Switches: A Rapid Global Transformation of the Pulsar Magnetosphere

Author

Hermsen, W., Hessels, J. W. T., Kuiper, L., van Leeuwen, J., Mitra, D., de Plaa, J., Rankin, J. M., Stappers, B. W., Wright, G. A. E., Basu, R., Alexov, A., Coenen, T., Grießmeier, J.-M., Hassall, T. E., Karastergiou, A., Keane, E., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Noutsos, A., Serylak, M., Pilia, M., Sobey, C., Weltevrede, P., Zagkouris, K., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Batejat, F., Bell, M. E., Bell, M. R., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bîrzan, L., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Falcke, H., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., Gunst, A. W., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Macario, G., Markoff, S., McKean, J. P., Mevius, M., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Morganti, R., Munk, H., Orrú, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Rawlings, S., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A. M. M., Schoenmakers, A., Shulevski, A., Sluman, J., Steinmetz, M., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Veen, S. ter, Vermeulen, R., van de Brink, R. H., van Weeren, R. J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., and Zarka, P.

Published
2013
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49. The association between lower educational attainment and depression owing to shared genetic effects? Results in ~25 000 subjects

Author

Peyrot, W J, Lee, S H, Milaneschi, Y, Abdellaoui, A, Byrne, E M, Esko, T, de Geus, E J C, Hemani, G, Hottenga, J J, Kloiber, S, Levinson, D F, Lucae, S, Martin, N G, Medland, S E, Metspalu, A, Milani, L, Noethen, M M, Potash, J B, Rietschel, M, Rietveld, C A, Ripke, S, Shi, J, Willemsen, G, Zhu, Z, Boomsma, D I, Wray, N R, and Penninx, B W J H

Published
2015
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