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This article aims to present an analysis of State-Regional governance in relation to the Italian vaccination campaign, with the objective of identifying possible elements of divergence and convergence on three points. The first refers to the regulatory dimension of the campaign, which ensures the management plans of the national campaign and individual regional plans. The second relates to the implementation area of the provisions concerning data on allocation and distribution of both vaccines and vaccinated people. The third, instead, concerns the institutional communication of vaccines on Facebook institutional profiles. It introduces an analysis of public communication on the anti-Covid-19 vaccine, from December 20, 2020 (a few days before the start of the campaign) to June 30, 2021, six months after in a moment in which the numbers of contagions were beginning to show a definite containment. It examines the central level of communication, i.e., the communication campaign of government actors, and the regional level, i.e., the institutional communication of regional Governorss through their respective social profiles. Facebook posts were extracted via API programs and analyzed by a quantitative content analysis. The results show an institutional scenario that goes in two directions. In opposition to a normative and implementation level that is more coherent and less divergent, there is an extremely fragmented communication context with elements of contradiction between State and Regions. The latter would respond to primarily political logic (at disagreement with the governing coalition) to claim intervention priorities and-in implementation-to change the local territorial allocation of vaccines. The communication dimension thus turns out to be a very relevant component of vaccination governance mechanisms: not decisive for the actual implementation of the campaign, but very functional for the creation of new storytelling and thus likely political consensus.

In the data revolution era, new data and new sources allow researchers to find new ways to study society and its dynamics. Among these types of data, geo-located data enable better ways of producing social knowledge. The availability of data with geographic information put the spatial dimension – initially ignored in social media analysis – at the centre of the interest in digital and web studies. In addition, this data also makes it possible to address the representativeness of big data innovatively. For this reason, we explore the territorial distribution of geo-located tweets regarding some significant territorial socio-economic dimensions in Italy. Our main results show a concentration of users in specific macroareas, a direct proportionality between the size of the city and tweets number, and more users in the urban centre than in metropolitan suburbs. In conclusion, we try to identify the factors underlying these differences and their implications in terms of data analysis and representativeness of the results., Italian Sociological Review, V. 12 N. 7S (2022)

In the era of the data revolution (Kitchin, 2014), new kinds of data and data sources allow researchers to share innovative ways of studying society and its dynamics to comprehend the peculiarities related to the territory. In fact, the analysis of space-time data extracted from social media can support the comprehension of complex social phenomena such as, for example, mobility (Noulas, Scellato, Lathia, & Mascolo, 2012; Yuan et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2016) or where and when certain social activities are carried out, such e.g., the participation in big events, tourist experiences or the monitoring and management of emergencies and security. Following the actual dissemination of use of social media in the cities, the analysis of the spatial dimension is considered particularly promising in the field of urban analysis (Singleton et al., 2018) and in the emerging line of digital studies. Nowadays, the intentional action of many people is increasingly contributing to the production and sharing of spatial data with a relevant impact on the construction of Territorial Information Systems (Zupi, 2017). This new category of spatial data is commonly known "Volunteered Geographic Information" (VGI) (Goodchild, 2007). The analysis of this kind of data leads to an innovative scenario for the collection and diffusion of geographic information from millions of users all over the world. It provides valuable insight into their perceptions and needs, opinions on places, events, and daily routes, which allow researchers to better follow traces about the knowledge of the local identities of a given place (Campaign, 2014), information flows, and social networks within society (Stefanidis et al., 2013). However, a clear awareness of the limits of these tools of investigation is needed. For instance, problems may arise regarding representativeness of population, or even technical issues, such as for scarping systems which are not able to offer all the effective amount of data available to the researcher. Despite this, these kinds of studies are taking hold in the social sciences which are paying particular attention to both data and source contextualisation. As a result, they are interesting and valid tools to study issues that classic instruments are not able to perform. Among the different kinds of digital platforms, Twitter allows the combination of textual and geo-referenced data, making this platform an interesting choice, for instance, to detect or monitor different kinds of events (Korkmaz et al.,2015), or it could be used to study the dissemination of influence (Generous et al., 2014). Algorithms are, in this way, extraordinary tools for organising and spreading information. According to these claims, our work aims to understand, both theoretically and methodologically, how the research about territory, as a field of study, has been adapted to prolifically use data coming from algorithms of geo-location or geoparsing (Middleton et al, 2018).Specifically, this work aims to critically discuss the elements and the steps that characterize this emerging approach in order to highlight how the use of geo-localized data can be advantageous for territorial analysis and for which kinds of phenomena..Thus, after showing the most commonly used ways of collecting information about territory using algorithms, we will discuss strategies and techniques of analysis used to combine online (social media) and offline (territorial) sources and try to identify the possible applications for each type of technique. Moreover, a third step allows us to identify the different meanings and operational processes made regarding the concept of territory. That will allow us to recognize the different conceptions of sociological space emerging from the analysis and suggest how to avoid the use of geo-localized data with a simple data-driven perspective (Kitchin, 2014) that does not consider the sociological peculiarities of the space. We will try to answer these questions by examining papers that used Twitter as the source of data. In particular, the analysis of articles will be led thanks to a third kind of content analysis following Rositi’s categorisation (Rositi, 1988). Also, the extraction of the articles will be made using PRISMA methodology (Moher et. Al, 2018) for systematic review., Fuori Luogo. Rivista di Sociologia del Territorio, Turismo, Tecnologia, Vol 9 No 1 (2021): Fuori Luogo Rivista di Sociologia del Territorio, Turismo, Tecnologia

Questo articolo analizza le continuità e le discontinuità nelle esperienze di occupazione a scopo abitativo-residenziale in due casi italiani: Roma e Napoli. L’obiettivo è discutere i significati, le strutture e i principi che emergono dalle due esperienze selezionate le quali appartengono a diverse tradizioni: da una parte, una con storia consolidata, come nel caso di Roma; dall’altra, una esperienza che solo di recente ha conosciuto un processo di consolidamento, come nel caso di Napoli. I casi sono stati affrontati con un approccio comparato di stampo qualitativo che non ha l’intento di inquadrare le due esperienze in quanto modelli finali, piuttosto il fine ultimo è quello di esplorare gli aspetti locali che consentono di comprendere: le differenze tra i tipi di conflitti generati attorno al diritto all’abitare; le coalizioni, le organizzazioni di movimento e, in generale, i movimenti sociali e urbani a Roma e Napoli. Tenendo fissi questi obiettivi, l’articolo che si presenta intende contribuire al dibattito attuale fornendo nuovi spunti ed elementi stimolanti nello studio generale del fenomeno delle occupazioni a scopo abitativo-residenziale., Fuori Luogo. Rivista di Sociologia del Territorio, Turismo, Tecnologia, V. 3 N. 1 (2018): Rivista di Sociologia del Territorio, Turismo, Tecnologia

The Authors explore how the interviewees tend to place themselves in front of time flow and in front of space. The analysis of the temporal dimension led to the identification of six «temporal profiles»; with respect to the spatial dimension two main configurations were identified. The basic hypothesis is that time perception is determined by the way the individual perceives the space. Los Autores exploran la forma en que los entrevistados se ponen frente al decurso del tiempo y al espacio. Nuestro análisis de la dimensión temporal nos permitió identificar seis profilos; mientras las visiones del espacio se pueden reducir a dos. Nuestra hipótesis es que la percepción del tiempo es influida de la forma en que los individuos perciben el espacio. Gli Autori analizzano come gli intervistati tendano a collocarsi rispetto al flusso del tempo e allo spazio. L'analisi della dimensione temporale ha portato all’identificazione di sei «profili temporali»; con riguardo alla dimensione spaziale sono state identificate due configurazioni. L’ipotesi è che la percezione del tempo sia determinata dal modo in cui gli individui percepiscono lo spazio.

L'abbandono è la manifestazione più evidente della dispersione scolastica, fenomeno oggetto di attenzione da parte di studiosi e dei policy maker per la sua persistenza all’interno dei sistemi scolastici. Nei paesi dell' Unione Europea una nuova stagione delle politiche di contrasto alla dispersione scolastica è stata avviata con la strategia di Lisbona; tra le azioni volte a contenere il fenomeno vi sono gli interventi di compensazione, il cui scopo è quello di permettere il rientro dei soggetti che hanno abbandonato. Individuate le caratteristiche che permettono di inquadrare i corsi di secondo livello (ex-serali) come scuole di seconda opportunità, la ricerca si è concentrata sull’analisi di un campione di soggetti iscritti ai corsi di secondo livello nella città di Napoli e su un campione di controllo di Barcellona, al fine di analizzare, entro la prospettiva di un individuo “agente”, le motivazioni di rientro e le cause d’abbandono. L’analisi delle motivazioni principali di rientro mette in evidenza che l’iscrizione ai corsi di secondo livello non si pone unicamente come strategia di risposta ai vincoli posti dal mercato del lavoro, bensì come un’opportunità colta grazie alla moratoria concessa dall’allungamento delle fasi di transizione all’età adulta, iscrizione avvenuta dunque per fini culturali o di riscatto. L’analisi delle cause d’abbandono, condotta attraverso un approccio statistico duplice e innovativo rispetto all’ambito di studi, basato su metodi e modelli multivariati, invece ha evidenziato nel campione, oltre a soggetti inquadrabili appieno nelle teorie del disengagement, la presenza, in numero non trascurabile, di individui le cui cause d’abbandono vanno ricercate in motivazioni contingenti o comunque di natura personale. Le evidenze emerse nello studio, oltre ad interessanti implicazioni di carattere teorico, contengono preziosi spunti che potrebbero essere utilizzati dai responsabili dei “corsi di secondo livello”, al fine di un pieno rientro in formazione dei soggetti iscritti.

The rise of right-wing populists in Western Europe has often been linked to their ability to exploit social media affordances to fuel anger. While scholarship has already examined the emotional dimension of the populist right’s online communication, with some researchers studying specifically the fuelling of anger among social media users, we still lack empirical proof of the mobilizational effectiveness of what we describe as “anger-triggering communication.” To explore this question, in this article, we develop a statistical and topic analysis of right-wing populists’ Facebook pages in Italy, France, Spain, and Germany during the 2019 European Union (EU) election campaign. We find that (a) right-wing populists on Facebook have a significantly higher number of “Angry” Facebook reactions per post compared to their political adversaries; (b) there is a positive and significant effect of the number of Angry reactions on the number of times a post is shared; (c) Angry reactions and Shares are overrepresented in posts on immigration and security, but anger-fuelled mobilization is not limited to these topics. These findings contribute to the scholarship on social media, emotional communication, and populism, adding insights on the mobilizational effectiveness of negative campaigning. The article highlights that stoking public anger, especially around controversial issues such as immigration and security, is a rewarding tactic because it increases motivational strength, and contributes to triggering high-threshold interactions such as sharing, which, in turn, are key for achieving virality in the diffusion of political messages.

In the digital environment, defined as a space with no anchors (Menduni 2014), the spatial dimension may have a significant role, mostly in relation to the Internet or digital studies. Social Media Geographic Information (Campagna et al. 2016), even if limited, can be highly useful to overcome some limitations of social media analysis and user generated content. With the objective to report the potential and limits of this approach, in this article a case study will be presented on the individual perception related to COVID-19 in Italy. Starting from the analysis of ecological data and the social media data, we reproduce three measures by exploring three different elements that could be anchored to a geographical dimension: the storytelling of COVID (COVID-Issues), the spread of infection (COVID-Spread), and the distribution of measures (COVID-Measures) to understand the regional trends of the second wave of the pandemic emergence that represent the timespan of this contribution. Keywords: geo-social media, twitter, ecological analysis, case study, API

Related to the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-June 2020), some recent studies on the application of content analysis of geolocalized tweets (Bashar et alii 2020, Punziano et alii 2020) have demonstrated the nega-tive relation between the Coronavirus spread (with Northern Italy most affected) and the polarity of social narratives about the pandemic. In brief, the «resilient» social narrative of the most impacted regions has corresponded to a negative and worried emergency narrative of the less affected regions. In relation to epidemio-logical data, the second phase of the pandemic (also referred to as the «second wave», in autumn 2020) has been very different from the first (ISSa 2020). The severity of emergency, without considering questions about the reliability of the first wave data (Istat 2020a), has been more relevant and homogeneous across Italy. The study questions whether there are differences between the geography of contagion and that of the narrative. Given the increasingly homogeneous spread of the virus, the assumption has been that the digital arena also has ended up show-ing a narrative more united on negative sentiments. The issue is addressed by ana-lyzing a corpus of geolocalized tweets, extracted in the period from the new Octo-ber lockdown to the partial and fragmented pre-Christmas reopenings in 2020. Following the application of a model combining text mining and GIS analysis, the most recurrent themes in social discourse on Tw i t t e r were mapped. This geography of emerging social narratives (COVID-Issues) compared with the geography of contagion spread (COVID-Spread) and the norms (COVID-Measures) allowed to detect the trend in the relationship of these three dimensions during the second emergence from COVID-19.

The digital era and the boom of social, user-generated and freely available and usable content on the Net has brought to the fore a classic technique, accused too often of being highly subjective and requiring a large amount of intellectual work. This technique is Content Analysis, which has seen an unprecedented explosion in recent years. In addition to the incessant flow, speed of diffusion and high volume of today’s big data, the attention of social researchers – as well as of anyone interested in drawing information from this enormous proliferation of data – is shifting towards new possibilities. Among these we find that of having a notion of the contents conveyed, of the feelings expressed, of the polarities of big data, but also the chance to extract other information that indirectly speaks of the tastes, opinions, beliefs and transformations behind the behavior of the users of the Net. In fact, secondary data available on the Net, collectable through sophisticated query systems with API or with web scraping software, make it possible to accumulate huge amounts of this dense social data, from which it is possible to try to extract not only trends but real knowledge, in a quantitative as well as in a qualitative manner. This enriches the value of the results that can be produced with Content Analysis and limits, until disappearing, all the critical horizons that have classically left this technique in the shadows, allowing it to find new applicative dignity, validity and reliability (Hamad et al. 2016). In order to explain this evidence, the contribution that we will present attempts to prove that the return of Content Analysis techniques is not only due to the change in the scenario and in the data analyzed, but also to the ability of this technique to innovate and evolve, leading to open analytical perspectives beyond contingent changes. This can be demonstrated through the application of digital mixed content analysis to the recent Covid-19 outbreak and its development of the perception of the Italian population on a specific digital social platform, Twitter. Keywords: Digital Mixed Content Analysis Model, digital platform social data, Twitter, Italy, coronavirus.

The uncritical application of automatic analysis techniques can be insidious. For this reason, the scientific community is very interested in the supervised approach. Can this be enough? This chapter aims to these issues by comparing three machine learning approaches to measuring the sentiment. The case study is the analysis of the sentiment expressed by the Italians on Twitter during the first post-lockdown day. To start the supervised model, it has been necessary to build a stratified sample of tweets by daily and classifying them manually. The model to be test provides for further analysis at the end of the process useful for comparing the three models: index will be built on the tweets processed with the aim of detecting the goodness of the results produced. The comparison of the three algorithms helps the authors to understand not only which is the best approach for the Italian language but tries to understand which strategy is to verify the quality of the data obtained.

The digital era and the boom of social, user-generated and freely available and usable content on the Net has brought to the fore a classic technique, accused too often of being highly subjective and requiring a large amount of intellectual work. This technique is Content Analysis, which has seen an unprecedented explosion in recent years. In addition to the incessant flow, speed of diffusion and high volume of today’s big data, the attention of social researchers – as well as of anyone interested in drawing information from this enormous proliferation of data – is shifting towards new possibilities. Among these we find that of having a notion of the contents conveyed, of the feelings expressed, of the polarities of big data, but also the chance to extract other information that indirectly speaks of the tastes, opinions, beliefs and transformations behind the behavior of the users of the Net. In fact, secondary data available on the Net, collectable through sophisticated query systems with API or with web scraping software, make it possible to accumulate huge amounts of this dense social data, from which it is possible to try to extract not only trends but real knowledge, in a quantitative as well as in a qualitative manner. This enriches the value of the results that can be produced with Content Analysis and limits, until disappearing, all the critical horizons that have classically left this technique in the shadows, allowing it to find new applicative dignity, validity and reliability (Hamad et al. 2016). In order to explain this evidence, the contribution that we will present attempts to prove that the return of Content Analysis techniques is not only due to the change in the scenario and in the data analyzed, but also to the ability of this technique to innovate and evolve, leading to open analytical perspectives beyond contingent changes. This can be demonstrated through the application of digital mixed content analysis to the recent COVID-19 outbreak and its development of the perception of the Italian population on a specific digital social platform, Twitter.

The explosion of platform social data as digital secondary data, collectable through sophisticated and automatized query systems or algorithms, makes it possible to accumulate huge amounts of dense and miscellaneous data. The challenge for social researchers becomes how to extract meaning and not only trends in a quantitative and in a qualitative manner. Through the application of a digital mixed content analysis design, we present the potentiality of a hybrid digitalized approach to social content applied to a very tricky question: the recognition of risk perception during the first phase of COVID-19 in the Italian Twittersphere. The contribution of our article to mixed methods research consists in the extension of the existing definitions of content analysis as a mixed approach by combining hermeneutic and automated procedures, and by creating a design model with vast application potential, especially when applied to the digital scenario.

The Covid-19 pandemic has revealed the intricate nature of multi-level governance systems. The frequent conflicts between State and Regions, which emerged in the normative contradictions within the emergency management, could be among the causes of the drivers of the dramatic outcomes of the pandemic (Istat, 2020; Censis, 2020). More frequently, this complexity has had a communicative expression, in the arena of social media, where the difference between personal, political and institutional communication is now highly fuzzy (Solito, 2018; Rega, 2018; Calise; 2011). Among the tension elements between State and Regions there is, in addition to the unclear attribution of responsibilities in the decision-making circuit of the emergency, also the supposed different allocation of resources. The contribution aims to present an analysis of State-Regional governance in relation to the vaccination campaign, with the objective of identifying possible elements of divergence and convergence on three dimensions. Of these three dimensions, the first refers to the regulatory dimension of the campaign, which ensures the management plans of the national campaign and individual regional plans. The second relates to the implementation area of the provisions concerning data on allocation and distribution of both vaccines and vaccinated people. The third instead concerns the institutional communication of vaccines on Facebook institutional profiles. It introduces an analysis of public communication on the anti-Covid 19 vaccine, from December 20, 2020 (a few days before the start of the campaign) to June 30, 2021. It examines the central level of communication, i.e., the communication campaign of government actors; and regional, i.e., the institutional communication of regional presidents through their respective social profiles. Facebook post were extracted via API programs and analyzed by content analysis according to text interrogation, known as Rositi's (1988) third type analysis. The results show an institutional scenario that goes in two directions. In opposition to a normative and implementation level that is more coherent and less divergent, there is an extremely fragmented communication context with elements of contradiction between State and Regions. The latter responds to different logics, such as political (in disagreement with the government coalition) or lobbying to claim priorities for action and - during the implementation phase - to change the local territorial allocation of vaccines. This is functional to the formulation of policy proposals and restructuring of the institutional communication agenda.

The diffusion of Covid-19 in Italy, with considerable differences between North and South, has not only produced different effects from an epidemiological and socio-economic point of view, but also effects in terms of communication and representation of issues related to the emergency. This study stems from the question as to whether there are also territorial differences in the perception and social narrative profiles of the pandemic that can be defined as the geography of narratives (Covid-Issues)? How much are these narrations affected by the real geography of the contagion (Covid-Spread)? The question is addressed by analyzing a corpus of geolocalized tweets produced between the March lockdown and the June re-openings using text mining techniques and GIS analysis.

Con questo lavoro si indaga la campagna di occupazioni a scopo socio-abitativo “magnammece ‘o pesone”, un caso di “pratica informale” finalizzata alla rivendicazione del diritto all’abitare che prende luogo nella città di Napoli. Dopo aver descritto la campagna e ricostruito la storia delle pratiche di lotta per la casa avvenute nel contesto napoletano a partire dal dopoguerra, il lavoro viene focalizzato sull’individuazione delle somiglianze e delle differenze fra le attuali lotte per la casa e quelle passate evidenziando : a) ruolo del Movimento Urbano Napoletano; b) rapporto con le istituzioni; c) meccanismi di mobilitazione e di fruizione degli spazi occupati. Alle possibili ricadute positive della campagna sul territorio, ed in particolar modo sui “vuoti urbani”, saranno dedicate le riflessioni conclusive., Argomenti, N. 15 (2020): Gennaio-Aprile

What is the relationship with the territory of high schools in the province of Salerno? Are there differences in the integration’s levels with the territory on the basis of different territorial spheres? To what extent do schools feel able to involve families in the formative project? Do the socio-economic characteristics of the area affect the action of the school? Which differences can we observe at national and regional level? This article aims to provide some answers to these questions through a descriptive analysis of integration with the territory of high schools in the province of Salerno, starting with the topic of quality in school management and self-evaluation like an agent for improvement. Specifically, a documentary analysis is carried out on the schools Self-assessment reports, analyzing contents of the answers provided by the compiler’s self-declaration. Scuola e territorio: alcuni riscontri dal Rapporto di Autovalutazione Qual è il rapporto con il territorio delle scuole secondarie di secondo grado della provincia di Salerno? Ci sono delle differenze nei livelli di integrazione con il territorio in base ai diversi ambiti territoriali? In che misura le scuole si sentono in grado di coinvolgere le famiglie nel progetto formativo? Le caratteristiche socio-economiche del territorio influenzano l’azione della scuola? Che differenze è possibile riscontrare a livello nazionale e regionale? Il presente articolo intende fornire alcune risposte a tali domande attraverso un’analisi descrittiva dell’integrazione con il territorio degli Istituti Secondari Superiori della provincia di Salerno, partendo dal tema della qualità nella gestione della scuola e dell’autovalutazione come agente di miglioramento. Nello specifico viene effettuata un’analisi documentale sui Rapporti di autovalutazione delle scuole, analizzandone i contenuti, ossia le risposte fornite dalle autodichiarazioni dei redattori., Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete, Vol. 17 No. 3 (2017): Models and best practices for a quality school