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Aims: To describe the clinical phenotype of X linked juvenile retinoschisis in eight Italian families with six different mutations in the XLRS1 gene. Methods: Complete ophthalmic examinations, electroretinography and A [...]

Background and purpose: Vascular pathology is increasingly acknowledged as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). Vascular density (VD) is reduced in the eyes of patients with MS on optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. We performed a 1‐year prospective study to estimate VD variations over time and possible clinical correlates. Methods: A total of 50 patients with MS underwent spectral domain‐OCT and OCT angiography at baseline and after 1‐year follow‐up. Mixed‐effect linear regression models were used to assess variations of each OCT measure and its relation to treatment and clinical outcomes. Results: We observed an increase in parafovea VD (coefficient, 1.147; 95% confidence interval, 0.081–2.214; P = 0.035). Reduction in parafovea VD was associated with increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale score (coefficient, −0.969; 95% confidence interval, −1.732/−0.207; P = 0.013). Conclusions: Retinal VD can improve over time in MS, particularly in patients experiencing disease stability. Longer follow‐up, inclusion of early MS cases and combination with conventional markers of MS severity (i.e. brain atrophy) are needed to better define VD as a potential new biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choroidal osteoma is a tumor of bone tissue that occurs in the choroid of the eye. (The choroid is the vascular tunic covering the posterior five-sixths of the eye.) This condition is usually present at birth and does not show much change. It occurs more often in females than males, and frequently only becomes noticeable when the macula of the eye is involved. The macula is a small yellow spot in the center of the retina that contains the fovea, which is where central vision takes place. Choroidal osteoma is usually not apparent until the second or third decade of life. The characteristics of this osteoma resemble that of other diseases including choroidal hemangioma (blood blister) and malignant tumors of the eye thus, diagnosis can be difficult. A case is presented of a 22-year-old woman diagnosed with choroidal osteoma. Diagnosis was complicated because the osteoma was elevated rather than flat, which is unusual. The woman had no visual symptoms. Evaluation was carried out using echography, fluorangiography, computerized tomography, and visual field testing. Echography provided the exact diagnosis; this diagnostic tool is considered the best method of distinguishing choroidal osteoma from other disease entities. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

PurposeTo compare retinal thickness and volume measurements obtained with Stratus time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and spectral domain scanning laser ophthalmoscope OCT (SD-SLO/OCT).MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 52 eyes with a normal macula, 30 eyes with retinal oedema, and 10 eyes with a myopia higher than 6 D have been evaluated with both time domain OCT (TD-OCT, Stratus OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, USA) and SD-SLO/OCT (OTI, Toronto, Canada). Retinal thickness and volume measurements in the nine areas of the 6-mm ETDRS ring were compared. Artefacts were defined as the discordance between the automatically detected anterior and posterior retinal boundaries and the boundaries detected by the examiner.ResultsArtefacts were more frequent with TD-OCT (35 vs26%). Mean retinal thickness was significantly higher with SD-SLO/OCT by 30.1 μm (±25.8) (P=0.003) in presence of the artefacts and by 39.2 μm (±25.8) (P=0.003) after their exclusion. The correlation between the two retinal thickness data sets before exclusion of the artefacts (r=0.59, P<0.001) increased after their removal (r=0.84, P<0.001). A strong correlation was present between the two retinal volume data sets before (r=0.94, P<0.001) and after exclusion of the artefacts (r=0.96, P<0.001).ConclusionsSD-SLO/OCT produced fewer artefacts than Stratus TD-OCT. This could be attributed to the greater resolution and acquisition speed of SD-SLO/OCT. The macular retinal thickness values measured with SD-SLO/OCT were significantly higher than those measured with Stratus TD-OCT. Retinal volumes measured with Stratus TD-OCT and SD-SLO/OCT were strongly correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background A newly recognized lesion in pathologic myopia is peripapillary detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retina. Recently introduced en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides not only cross-sectional but also coronal scans of the retina, and allows lateral extent visualization and thickness measurement of lesions.MethodsThree patients presenting bilateral peripapillary yellow-orange lobulated area in high myopia have been evaluated with fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), en face OCT (OCT/SLO; Ophthalmic Technologies Inc, Toronto, Canada), and Humphrey visual field analyzer.ResultsIn all eyes, en face OCT has shown the presence of a peripapillary sub-RPE nonreflective area. The lateral extent of this area was clearly detectable and the measurement of its thickness was obtained. We detected a cleft in the RPE at one edge of the cavitation in two eyes, vascular tractions and vitreoretinal tractions in two eyes, a macular hole with posterior retinal detachment, and small areas of RPE detachment nonconnected with the peripapillary detachment in one eye. In the four eyes presenting a proper central fixation, glaucomatous visual field defects were evident.ConclusionEn face OCT has allowed to evaluate the thickness and the lateral extent of the peripapillary detachment. Therefore, its use could be important in determining the size and grading of these lesions at first visit, and to detect minimal changes of width and thickness during follow-up as an alternative to fluorescein angiography.Eye (2008) 22, 158–161; doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702666; published online 15 December 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundIn vitreomacular traction syndrome, an incomplete vitreous detachment with persistent vitreous traction on the macula is present. This condition may determine formation of epiretinal membranes, macular puckering, macular oedema, and traction macular detachment. Recently introduced en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides not only longitudinal B-scan but also coronal C-scan images of the retina.MethodsFifteen eyes of 11 non-diabetic patients presenting vitreomacular traction syndrome have been evaluated with en face OCT (OTI, Toronto, Ontario, Canada).ResultsIn 12 eyes, cystoid macular oedema was detectable at fundus examination and was associated with a broad-based adherence of the posterior hyaloid to the macula. In three eyes, foveal detachment appeared to be associated with focal foveal vitreoretinal traction. In all eyes, the lateral extent of the hyaloidal tractions on the macula was clearly detectable at coronal C-scan. They appeared as sigmoid hyper-reflective bands in the hyporeflective vitreous chamber. Overlay of C-scans on red-free confocal images allowed the visualization of the edges of the adherences in relation to the structures of the posterior pole.ConclusionsThe C-scan images allowed clear visualization of the total extension of the posterior vitreomacular adherences and their relationships with the vascular arcades, the optic disc, and the fovea.Eye (2007) 21, 1391–1394; doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6702448; published online 2 June 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]