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3. Emotion processing in maltreated boys and girls: Evidence for latent vulnerability

Author

Diaconu, Bianca, Kohls, Gregor, Rogers, Jack C., Pauli, Ruth, Cornwell, Harriet, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Ackermann, Katharina, Fann, Nikola, Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu, Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel, Gonzalez de Artaza-Lavesa, Maider, Hervas, Amaia, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Freitag, Christine M., Fairchild, Graeme, Rotshtein, Pia, and De Brito, Stephane A.

Published
2023
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6. Action initiation and punishment learning differ from childhood to adolescence while reward learning remains stable

Author

Pauli, Ruth, Brazil, Inti A., Kohls, Gregor, Klein-Flügge, Miriam C., Rogers, Jack C., Dikeos, Dimitris, Dochnal, Roberta, Fairchild, Graeme, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Hervas, Amaia, Konrad, Kerstin, Popma, Arne, Stadler, Christina, Freitag, Christine M., De Brito, Stephane A., and Lockwood, Patricia L.

Published
2023
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9. Machine learning classification of conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous-unemotional traits based on facial emotion recognition abilities

Author

Pauli, Ruth, Kohls, Gregor, Tino, Peter, Rogers, Jack C., Baumann, Sarah, Ackermann, Katharina, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Jansen, Lucres, Oldenhof, Helena, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel, Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki, Boonmann, Cyril, Kersten, Linda, Bigorra, Aitana, Hervas, Amaia, Stadler, Christina, Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu, Popma, Arne, Konrad, Kerstin, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Fairchild, Graeme, Freitag, Christine M., Rotshtein, Pia, and De Brito, Stephane A.

Published
2023
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10. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries.

Author

Thompson, Paul M, Jahanshad, Neda, Ching, Christopher RK, Salminen, Lauren E, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Bright, Joanna, Baune, Bernhard T, Bertolín, Sara, Bralten, Janita, Bruin, Willem B, Bülow, Robin, Chen, Jian, Chye, Yann, Dannlowski, Udo, de Kovel, Carolien GF, Donohoe, Gary, Eyler, Lisa T, Faraone, Stephen V, Favre, Pauline, Filippi, Courtney A, Frodl, Thomas, Garijo, Daniel, Gil, Yolanda, Grabe, Hans J, Grasby, Katrina L, Hajek, Tomas, Han, Laura KM, Hatton, Sean N, Hilbert, Kevin, Ho, Tiffany C, Holleran, Laurena, Homuth, Georg, Hosten, Norbert, Houenou, Josselin, Ivanov, Iliyan, Jia, Tianye, Kelly, Sinead, Klein, Marieke, Kwon, Jun Soo, Laansma, Max A, Leerssen, Jeanne, Lueken, Ulrike, Nunes, Abraham, Neill, Joseph O', Opel, Nils, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Postema, Merel C, Pozzi, Elena, Shatokhina, Natalia, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Sun, Daqiang, Teumer, Alexander, Tilot, Amanda K, Tozzi, Leonardo, van der Merwe, Celia, Van Someren, Eus JW, van Wingen, Guido A, Völzke, Henry, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Winkler, Anderson M, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wright, Margaret J, Yun, Je-Yeon, Zhang, Guohao, Zhang-James, Yanli, Adhikari, Bhim M, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Aleman, André, Althoff, Robert R, Altmann, Andre, Andreassen, Ole A, Baron, David A, Bartnik-Olson, Brenda L, Marie Bas-Hoogendam, Janna, Baskin-Sommers, Arielle R, Bearden, Carrie E, Berner, Laura A, Boedhoe, Premika SW, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Caeyenberghs, Karen, Cecil, Charlotte AM, Cohen, Ronald A, Cole, James H, Conrod, Patricia J, De Brito, Stephane A, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, Dennis, Emily L, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Dima, Danai, Ehrlich, Stefan, Esopenko, Carrie, Fairchild, Graeme, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, and Francks, Clyde

Subjects
ENIGMA Consortium, Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reproducibility of Results, Depressive Disorder, Major, Neuroimaging, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Behavioral and Social Science, Genetics, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Mental health, Neurological, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.

Published
2020

11. Testing the Ecophenotype Model: Cortical Structure Alterations in Conduct Disorder With Versus Without Childhood Maltreatment

Author

Staginnus, Marlene, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Oosterling, Maaike, Paradysz, Michal, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen, Pauli, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C., Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Kohls, Gregor, Raschle, Nora Maria, Konrad, Kerstin, Stadler, Christina, Freitag, Christine M., De Brito, Stephane A., and Fairchild, Graeme

Published
2023
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13. Machine learning reveals sex differences in distinguishing between conduct-disordered and neurotypical youth based on emotion processing dysfunction.

Author

Kohls, Gregor, Elster, Erik M., Tino, Peter, Fairchild, Graeme, Stadler, Christina, Popma, Arne, Freitag, Christine M., De Brito, Stephane A., Konrad, Kerstin, and Pauli, Ruth

Abstract

Background: Theoretical models of conduct disorder (CD) highlight that deficits in emotion recognition, learning, and regulation play a pivotal role in CD etiology. With CD being more prevalent in boys than girls, various theories aim to explain this sex difference. The "differential threshold" hypothesis suggests greater emotion dysfunction in conduct-disordered girls than boys, but previous research using conventional statistical analyses has failed to support this hypothesis. Here, we used novel analytic techniques such as machine learning (ML) to uncover potentially sex-specific differences in emotion dysfunction among girls and boys with CD compared to their neurotypical peers. Methods: Multi-site data from 542 youth with CD and 710 neurotypical controls (64% girls, 9–18 years) who completed emotion recognition, learning, and regulation tasks were analyzed using a multivariate ML classifier to distinguish between youth with CD and controls separately by sex. Results: Both female and male ML classifiers accurately predicted (above chance level) individual CD status based solely on the neurocognitive features of emotion dysfunction. Notably, the female classifier outperformed the male classifier in identifying individuals with CD. However, the classification and identification performance of both classifiers was below the clinically relevant 80% accuracy threshold (although they still provided relatively fair and realistic estimates of ~ 60% classification performance), probably due to the substantial neurocognitive heterogeneity within such a large and diverse, multi-site sample of youth with CD (and neurotypical controls). Conclusions: These findings confirm the close association between emotion dysfunction and CD in both sexes, with a stronger association observed in affected girls, which aligns with the "differential threshold" hypothesis. However, the data also underscore the heterogeneity of CD, namely that only a subset of those affected are likely to have emotion dysfunction and that other neurocognitive domains (not tested here) probably also contribute to CD etiology. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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14. Participatory research in child psychology & psychiatry: Embracing untidiness to break new ground.

Author

MacLeod, Andrea, Manitsa, Ifigeneia, and De Brito, Stephane

Subjects
DISABILITY rights movement, PARTICIPANT observation, CHILD psychology, CHILD psychiatry, PSYCHOLOGICAL research
Abstract

We are pleased to present our Special Issue on Participatory Research. In this editorial, we outline how the disability rights movement has been instrumental to the development of participatory approaches, before giving consideration to some of the debates and criticisms associated with participatory research in practice. We summarise the contributions offered by the studies within this issue and propose four areas of consideration, drawn from the body of included research, to inform future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Sex-specific associations of basal steroid hormones and neuropeptides with Conduct Disorder and neuroendocrine mediation of environmental risk

Author

Bernhard, Anka, Kirchner, Marietta, Martinelli, Anne, Ackermann, Katharina, Kohls, Gregor, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Wells, Amy, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, De Artaza-Lavesa, Maider Gonzalez, Raschle, Nora Maria, Konsta, Angeliki, Siklósi, Réka, Hervás, Amaia, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, De Brito, Stephane A., Popma, Arne, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Fairchild, Graeme, and Freitag, Christine M.

Published
2021
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17. 10. Shared and Distinct Alterations in Brain Structure of Children and Adolescents with Internalising or Externalising Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior, ADHD, MDD and Anxiety Working Groups

Author

Townend, Sophie, primary, Staginnus, Marlene, additional, Gao, Yidian, additional, Franke, Barbara, additional, Hoogman, Martine, additional, Schmaal, Lianne, additional, Veltman, Dick, additional, Pozzi, Elena, additional, Bas-Hoogendam, Janna Marie, additional, Groenewold, Nynke A., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, van der Wee, Nic.J.A., additional, Aghajani, Moji, additional, Cecil, Charlotte, additional, Klapwijk, Eduard, additional, Baskin-Sommers, Arielle, additional, Pine, Daniel S., additional, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, Thompson, Paul, additional, Walton, Esther, additional, De Brito, Stephane A., additional, and Fairchild, Graeme, additional

Published
2024
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18. Investigating Sex Differences in Emotion Recognition, Learning, and Regulation Among Youths With Conduct Disorder

Author

Kohls, Gregor, Baumann, Sarah, Gundlach, Malou, Scharke, Wolfgang, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Ackermann, Katharina, Kersten, Linda, Prätzlich, Martin, Oldenhof, Helena, Jansen, Lucres, van den Boogaard, Lisette, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Cornwell, Harriet, Rogers, Jack C., Pauli, Ruth, Clanton, Roberta, Baker, Rosalind, Bigorra, Aitana, Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki, Sesma-Pardo, Eva, Aguirregomoscorta-Menéndez, Fernando, Siklósi, Réka, Dochnal, Roberta, Kalogerakis, Zacharias, Pirlympou, Mara, Papadakos, Leonidas, Dikeos, Dimitris, Hervas, Amaia, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, Popma, Arne, Stadler, Christina, De Brito, Stephane A., Blair, James R., Freitag, Christine M., Fairchild, Graeme, and Konrad, Kerstin

Published
2020
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19. Publisher Correction: Psychopathy

Author

De Brito, Stephane A., Forth, Adelle E., Baskin-Sommers, Arielle R., Brazil, Inti A., Kimonis, Eva R., Pardini, Dustin, Frick, Paul J., Blair, Robert James R., and Viding, Essi

Published
2021
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20. Correction: SLC25A24 gene methylation and gray matter volume in females with and without conduct disorder: an exploratory epigenetic neuroimaging study

Author

Farrow, Elizabeth, Chiocchetti, Andreas G., Rogers, Jack C., Pauli, Ruth, Raschle, Nora M., Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Smaragdi, Areti, Martinelli, Anne, Kohls, Gregor, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Fairchild, Graeme, Freitag, Christine M., Chechlacz, Magdalena, and De Brito, Stephane A.

Published
2021
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21. Author Correction: Psychopathy

Author

De Brito, Stephane A., Forth, Adelle E., Baskin-Sommers, Arielle R., Brazil, Inti A., Kimonis, Eva R., Pardini, Dustin, Frick, Paul J., Blair, Robert James R., and Viding, Essi

Published
2021
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22. Psychopathy

Author

De Brito, Stephane A., Forth, Adelle E., Baskin-Sommers, Arielle R., Brazil, Inti A., Kimonis, Eva R., Pardini, Dustin, Frick, Paul J., Blair, Robert James R., and Viding, Essi

Published
2021
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24. White Matter Microstructure in Youths With Conduct Disorder: Effects of Sex and Variation in Callous Traits

Author

Rogers, Jack C., Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Kohls, Gregor, Baker, Rosalind H., Clanton, Roberta L., Pauli, Ruth, Birch, Philippa, Chowdhury, Alimul I., Kirchner, Marietta, Andersson, Jesper L.R., Smaragdi, Areti, Puzzo, Ignazio, Baumann, Sarah, Raschle, Nora M., Fehlbaum, Lynn V., Menks, Willeke M., Steppan, Martin, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Freitag, Christine M., Fairchild, Graeme, and De Brito, Stephane A.

Published
2019
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26. Resting autonomic nervous system activity is unrelated to antisocial behaviour dimensions in adolescents: Cross-sectional findings from a European multi-centre study

Author

Prätzlich, Martin, Oldenhof, Helena, Steppan, Martin, Ackermann, Katharina, Baker, Rosalind, Batchelor, Molly, Baumann, Sarah, Bernhard, Anka, Clanton, Roberta, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dochnal, Roberta, Fehlbaum, Lynn Valérie, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, González de Artaza-Lavesa, Maider, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Guijarro, Silvina, Gundlach, Malou, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Hervas, Amaia, Jansen, Lucres, Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki, Kersten, Linda, Kirchner, Marietta, Kohls, Gregor, Konsta, Angeliki, Lazaratou, Helen, Martinelli, Anne, Menks, Willeke Martine, Puzzo, Ignazio, Raschle, Nora Maria, Rogers, Jack, Siklósi, Réka, Smaragdi, Areti, Vriends, Noortje, Konrad, Kerstin, De Brito, Stephane, Fairchild, Graeme, Kieser, Meinhard, Freitag, Christine M., Popma, Arne, and Stadler, Christina

Published
2019
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27. Baseline autonomic nervous system activity in female children and adolescents with conduct disorder: Psychophysiological findings from the FemNAT-CD study

Author

Oldenhof, Helena, Prätzlich, Martin, Ackermann, Katharina, Baker, Rosalind, Batchelor, Molly, Baumann, Sarah, Bernhard, Anka, Clanton, Roberta, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dochnal, Roberta, Fehlbaum, Lynn Valérie, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, de Geus, Eco, Gonzalez, Karen, de Artaza-Lavesa, Maider González, Guijarro, Silvina, Gundlach, Malou, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Hervas, Amaia, Jansen, Lucres, Kersten, Linda, Kohls, Gregor, Konsta, Angeliki, Lazaratou, Helen, Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki, Martinelli, Anne, van Nimwegen, Tisse, Puzzo, Ignazio, Raschle, Nora Maria, Rogers, Jack, Siklósi, Réka, Smaragdi, Areti, Steppan, Martin, De Brito, Stephane, Fairchild, Graeme, Kieser, Meinhard, Konrad, Kerstin, Freitag, Christine, Stadler, Christina, and Popma, Arne

Published
2019
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29. Identifying Cortical Structure Markers of Resilience to Adversity in Young People using Surface-Based Morphometry

Author

Cornwell, Harriet, primary, Toschi, Nicola, additional, Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine, additional, Staginnus, Marlene, additional, Smaragdi, Areti, additional, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, additional, Mackes, Nuria, additional, Rogers, Jack, additional, Martinelli, Anne, additional, Kohls, Gregor, additional, Raschle, Nora Maria, additional, Konrad, Kerstin, additional, Stadler, Christina, additional, Freitag, Christine M, additional, De Brito, Stephane A, additional, and Fairchild, Graeme, additional

Published
2024
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30. Relational Aggression in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Sex Differences and Behavioral Correlates

Author

Ackermann, Katharina, Kirchner, Marietta, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Anomitri, Chrysanthi, Baker, Rosalind, Baumann, Sarah, Dochnal, Roberta, Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Hervas, Amaia, Jansen, Lucres, Kapornai, Kristina, Kersten, Linda, Kohls, Gregor, Limprecht, Ronald, Lazaratou, Helen, McLaughlin, Ana, Oldenhof, Helena, Rogers, Jack C., Siklósi, Réka, Smaragdi, Areti, Vivanco-Gonzalez, Esther, Stadler, Christina, Fairchild, Graeme, Popma, Arne, De Brito, Stephane A., Konrad, Kerstin, and Freitag, Christine M.

Published
2019
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31. Callous-unemotional traits and brain structure: Sex-specific effects in anterior insula of typically-developing youths

Author

Raschle, Nora Maria, Menks, Willeke Martine, Fehlbaum, Lynn Valérie, Steppan, Martin, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Rogers, Jack, Clanton, Roberta, Kohls, Gregor, Martinelli, Anne, Bernhard, Anka, Konrad, Kerstin, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Freitag, Christine M., Fairchild, Graeme, De Brito, Stephane A., and Stadler, Christina

Published
2018
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32. Conduct Disorder

Author

Clanton, Roberta L., Baker, Rosalind H., Rogers, Jack C., De Brito, Stéphane A., Goldstein, Sam, editor, and DeVries, Melissa, editor

Published
2017
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34. Cortical structure and subcortical volumes in conduct disorder: a coordinated analysis of 15 international cohorts from the ENIGMA-Antisocial Behavior Working Group

Author

Gao, Yidian, Staginnus, Marlene, Gao, Yidian, Staginnus, Marlene, Townend, Sophie, Arango, Celso, Bajaj, Sahil, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Edward D., Benegal, Vivek, Berluti, Kathryn, Bernhard, Anka, Blair, Robert J.R., Boateng, Charlotte P.S., Bokde, Arun L.W., Brandeis, Daniel, Buitelaar, Jan K., Burt, S. Alexandra, Cardinale, Elise M., Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Hui, Chen, Xianliang, Chester, Sally C., Colins, Olivier F., Cornwell, Harriet, Craig, Michael, Cubillo, Ana I., Desrivieres, Sylvane, Díaz, Dana E., Dietrich, Andrea, Dong, Daifeng, Dykstra, Anouk H., Franke, Barbara, Freitag, Christine M., Glennon, Jeffrey C., Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Hagan, Cindy C., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Holla, Bharath, Hyde, Luke W., Ibrahim, Karim, Jabeen, Nimrah, Jackson, Rebecca L., Jiang, Yali, Kohls, Gregor, Konrad, Kerstin, Kypta-Vivanco, Alexandra, Lamers, Kim, Ma, Ren, Marsh, Abigail A., Martinelli, Anne, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Michalska, Kalina J., Ming, Qingsen, Minosse, Silvia, Mitchell, Colter, Monk, Christopher S., Murphy, Declan, Mycue, Leah E., Naaijen, Jilly, Oosterling, Maaike, Passamonti, Luca, Pauli, Ruth, Penzol Alonso, Maria Jose, Phillips, Harriet, Ploe, Montana L., Raschle, Nora M., Roberts, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C., Rosa-Justicia, Mireia, Sagar-Ouriaghli, Ilyas, Schulze, Ulrike M.E., Schumann, Gunter, Sethi, Arjun, Smaragdi, Areti, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.S., Stadler, Christina, Stevens, Michael C., Sukhodolsky, Denis G., Sully, Kate, Sun, Xiaoqiang, Toschi, Nicola, Townsend, Christopher D., van der Wee, Nic J.A., Vermeiren, Robert, Viding, Essi, Wang, Xiaoping, Westerman, Heidi B., Wu, Qiong, Yao, Shuqiao, Zhang, Jibiao, Zhou, Jiansong, Zhou, Jiawei, Jahanshad, Neda, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Ching, Christopher R.K., Kang, Melody J.Y., Thompson, Paul M., Klapwijk, Eduard T., Pine, Daniel S., Baskin-Sommers, Arielle, Cecil, Charlotte A.M., Aghajani, Moji, Walton, Esther, Fairchild, Graeme, and De Brito, Stephane A.

Abstract

Conduct disorder is associated with the highest burden of any mental disorder in childhood, yet its neurobiology remains unclear. Inconsistent findings limit our understanding of the role of brain structure alterations in conduct disorder. This study aims to identify the most robust and replicable brain structural correlates of conduct disorder.

Published
2024
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35. Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Cortical Structure in Adolescents

Author

Smaragdi, Areti, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Riccelli, Roberta, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Wells, Amy, Clanton, Roberta, Baker, Rosalind, Rogers, Jack, Martin-Key, Nayra, Puzzo, Ignazio, Batchelor, Molly, Sidlauskaite, Justina, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Kohls, Gregor, Konrad, Kerstin, Baumann, Sarah, Raschle, Nora, Stadler, Christina, Freitag, Christine, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.S., De Brito, Stephane, and Fairchild, Graeme

Published
2017
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37. Linking heart rate variability to psychological health and brain structure in adolescents with and without conduct disorder

Author

Cubillo, Ana, primary, Tkalcec, Antonia, additional, Oldenhof, Helena, additional, Unternaehrer, Eva, additional, Raschle, Nora, additional, Kohls, Gregor, additional, Nauta-Jansen, Lucres, additional, Hervas, Amaia, additional, Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu, additional, Konrad, Kerstin, additional, Popma, Arne, additional, Freitag, Christine, additional, de Brito, Stephane, additional, Fairchild, Graeme, additional, and Stadler, Christina, additional

Published
2023
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39. Conduct disorder

Author

Fairchild, Graeme, Hawes, David J., Frick, Paul J., Copeland, William E., Odgers, Candice L., Franke, Barbara, Freitag, Christine M., and De Brito, Stephane A.

Published
2019
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40. Testing the Ecophenotype Model: Cortical Structure Alterations in Conduct Disorder With Versus Without Childhood Maltreatment

Author

Staginnus, Marlene; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-6271, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Oosterling, Maaike, Paradysz, Michal, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-7536, Pauli, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C, Bernhard, Anka; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-1360, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938, Staginnus, Marlene; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-6271, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Oosterling, Maaike, Paradysz, Michal, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-7536, Pauli, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C, Bernhard, Anka; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-1360, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, and Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938

Published
2023

41. Identifying structural brain markers of resilience to adversity in young people using voxel-based morphometry

Author

Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine, Staginnus, Marlene, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-7536, Rogers, Jack, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine, Staginnus, Marlene, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-7536, Rogers, Jack, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, and Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that resilience in youth may have a neurobiological basis. However, the existing literature lacks a consistent way of operationalizing resilience, often relying on arbitrary judgments or narrow definitions (e.g., not developing PTSD) to classify individuals as resilient. Therefore, this study used data-driven, continuous resilience scores based on adversity and psychopathology to investigate associations between resilience and brain structure in youth. Structural MRI data from 298 youth aged 9–18 years (M$_{age}$ = 13.51; 51% female) who participated in the European multisite FemNAT-CD study were preprocessed using SPM12 and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Resilience scores were derived by regressing data on adversity exposure against current/lifetime psychopathology and quantifying each individual’s distance from the regression line. General linear models tested for associations between resilience and gray matter volume (GMV) and examined whether associations between resilience and GMV differed by sex. Resilience was positively correlated with GMV in the right inferior frontal and medial frontal gyri. Sex-by-resilience interactions were observed in the middle temporal and middle frontal gyri. These findings demonstrate that resilience in youth is associated with volume in brain regions implicated in executive functioning, emotion regulation, and attention. Our results also provide evidence for sex differences in the neurobiology of resilience.

Published
2023

42. Linking heart rate variability to psychological health and brain structure in adolescents with and without conduct disorder

Author

Cubillo, Ana; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-7341, Tkalcec, Antonia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2872-5882, Oldenhof, Helena; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-1519, Unternaehrer, Eva, Raschle, Nora; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Nauta-Jansen, Lucres, Hervas, Amaia, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Popma, Arne; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-3023, Freitag, Christine; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Cubillo, Ana; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-7341, Tkalcec, Antonia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2872-5882, Oldenhof, Helena; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-1519, Unternaehrer, Eva, Raschle, Nora; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Nauta-Jansen, Lucres, Hervas, Amaia, Fernández-Rivas, Aranzazu, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Popma, Arne; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-3023, Freitag, Christine; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938, and Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635

Abstract

AimsHeart rate variability (HRV) measures have been suggested in healthy individuals as a potential index of self-regulation skills, which include both cognitive and emotion regulation aspects. Studies in patients with a range of psychiatric disorders have however mostly focused on the potential association between abnormally low HRV at rest and specifically emotion regulation difficulties. Emotion regulation deficits have been reported in patients with Conduct Disorder (CD) however, the association between these emotion regulation deficits and HRV measures has yet to be fully understood. This study investigates (i) the specificity of the association between HRV and emotion regulation skills in adolescents with and without CD and (ii) the association between HRV and grey matter brain volumes in key areas of the central autonomic network which are involved in self-regulation processes, such as insula, lateral/medial prefrontal cortices or amygdala.MethodsRespiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) measures of HRV were collected from adolescents aged between 9–18 years (693 CD (427F)/753 typically developing youth (TD) (500F)), as part of a European multi-site project (FemNAT-CD). The Inverse Efficiency Score, a speed-accuracy trade-off measure, was calculated to assess emotion and cognitive regulation abilities during an Emotional Go/NoGo task. The association between RSA and task performance was tested using multilevel regression models. T1-weighted structural MRI data were included for a subset of 577 participants (257 CD (125F); 320 TD (186F)). The CerebroMatic toolbox was used to create customised Tissue Probability Maps and DARTEL templates, and CAT12 to segment brain images, followed by a 2 × 2 (sex × group) full factorial ANOVA with RSA as regressor of interest.ResultsThere were no significant associations between RSA and task performance, neither during emotion regulation nor during cognitive regulation trials. RSA was however positively correlated with regional grey

Published
2023

43. 91. Testing the Ecophenotype Hypothesis: Investigating the Impact of Childhood Maltreatment on White Matter Microstructure in Young People With Conduct Disorder

Author

Townend, Sophie, primary, Staginnus, Marlene, additional, Rogers, Jack, additional, Smaragdi, Areti, additional, Martinelli, Anne, additional, Raschle, Nora, additional, Kohls, Gregor, additional, Konrad, Kerstin, additional, Stadler, Christina, additional, Freitag, Christine, additional, Walton, Esther, additional, De Brito, Stephane, additional, and Fairchild, Graeme, additional

Published
2023
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44. 20. An Enigma Mega-Analysis of Cortical Structure and Subcortical Volumes in Youths With Conduct Disorder: Influence of Sex, Callous-Unemotional Traits and Age-Of-Onset

Author

Gao, Yidian, primary, Staginnus, Marlene, additional, Aghajani, Moji, additional, Klapwijk, Eduard, additional, Cecil, Charlotte, additional, Baskin-Sommers, Arielle, additional, Pine, Daniel S., additional, Raine, Adrian, additional, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., additional, Jahanshad, Neda, additional, Thompson, Paul M., additional, Walton, Esther, additional, Fairchild, Graeme, additional, and De Brito, Stephane A., additional

Published
2023
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47. Cortical structure and subcortical volume in adults with psychopathy: A multi-site mega-analysis from the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior working group

Author

Chester, Sally, Townend, Sophie, Staginnus, Marlene, Rogers, Jack C., Dugré, Jules, Gao, Yidian, De Brito, Stephane A., and Fairchild, Graeme

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Neuroscience and Neurobiology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Medicine and Health Sciences, Life Sciences, Psychology, Quantitative Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterised by distinctive interpersonal and affective abnormalities combined with recurring disruptive and antisocial behaviours (Hare & Neumann, 2009). It is associated with violence, criminal versatility, and increased rates of recidivism (Hare & Neumann, 2008; Hare & Neumann, 2009; Salekin et al., 1997). Previous structural MRI studies have identified several volumetric and surface-based cortical and subcortical brain differences in individuals with psychopathy compared to control groups (Johanson et al., 2020; Howner et al., 2012; Ly et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2009a; Yang et al., 2009b; Yang et al., 2011). Furthermore, studies examining associations between structural brain alterations and psychopathy Factor 1 (indexing interpersonal and affective traits such as egocentricity, deception, low empathy and manipulation) and Factor 2 (indexing impulsive and antisocial traits such as social deviance, criminality and impulsivity) have noted that while there are certain structural differences associated with both factors, the two factors of psychopathy might be also associated with distinct structural correlates (Contreras-Rodríguez et al., 2015; Cope et al., 2012; De Brito et al., 2021b; Howner et al., 2012; Leutgeb et al., 2015; Miglin et al., 2022; Miskovich et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2009). Finally, a small body of work also reveals that among individuals with a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), individuals who additionally present with psychopathy (ASPD+P), might show unique abnormalities compared to those without psychopathy (ASPD-P) (De Brito et al., 2021; Gregory et al., 2012, 2015; Johanson et al., 2020). While neuroimaging investigations have sought to characterise the neural differences that underlie psychopathy, there still appears to be some variability in findings across studies and diverging patterns of associations between psychopathy factors and cortical structure (e.g., De Brito et al., 2021a, 2021b; Poeppl et al., 2019). Ambiguity in the current literature may be due to methodological factors such as heterogenous image acquisition techniques, analytical approaches, sample characteristics (e.g., community vs clinical/forensic), and participant characteristics. Furthermore, most published research in the psychopathy literature has focused on male adults from forensic or clinical populations. Given that such individuals are often difficult to access and recruit, previous studies have suffered from small sample sizes and have been unable to consider sex as a variable within the research design or test for sex-by-diagnosis interactions. Overall, we argue that a consistent picture of the brain morphometric differences associated with psychopathy is lacking. Therefore, a comprehensive, large-scale analysis in relation to psychopathy could provide a more accurate account of the neuroanatomical correlates of the disorder. Utilising existing individual-level brain imaging data (such as that assembled by the ENIGMA consortium), some of which may not have been previously published as surface-based morphometry studies, provides an opportunity to overcome the weaknesses of existing research and provides greater population generalisability owing to the large sample size and increase in statistical power. Furthermore, this approach offers the opportunity to consider individual differences in more detail. It allows for the investigation of psychopathy as a dimension and consideration of how the different psychopathy factors may be related to brain structure across the full range of disorder severity. This study will use datasets provided to the ENIGMA-Antisocial behavior working group to examine the cortical and subcortical correlates of psychopathy and take a mega-analytical approach which allows for a more flexible and comprehensive analysis of the data (Boedhoe et al., 2019). Main Research Questions: 1: Do adults with psychopathy show consistent and reliable differences in cortical thickness, surface area and/or subcortical volume compared to control groups without psychopathy? 2: In comparison to a healthy control group, can we identify structural differences that are unique to antisocial personality disorder with psychopathy, and which are common to both antisocial personality disorder with/without psychopathy? 3: How are the two factors of psychopathy associated with cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume? 4: Do these structural differences occur across the full spectrum of disorder severity (i.e., across community and/as well as forensic/clinical samples)? 5: Is the relationship between psychopathy and cortical thickness, surface area or subcortical volume different in male versus female participants?

Published
2023
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48. Reduced Orbitofrontal and Temporal Grey Matter in a Community Sample of Maltreated Children

Author

De Brito, Stephane A., Viding, Essi, and Sebastian, Catherine L.

Abstract

Background: Childhood maltreatment is strongly associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorder. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported atypical neural structure in the orbitofrontal cortex, temporal lobe, amygdala, hippocampus and cerebellum in maltreated samples. It has been hypothesised that these structural differences may relate to increased psychiatric vulnerability. However, previous studies have typically recruited clinical samples with concurrent psychiatric disorders, or have poorly characterised the range of maltreatment experiences and levels of concurrent anxiety or depression, limiting the interpretation of the observed structural differences. Methods: We used voxel-based morphometry to compare grey matter volume in a group of 18 children (mean age 12.01 years, SD = 1.4), referred to community social services, with documented and well-characterised experiences of maltreatment at home and a group of 20 nonmaltreated children (mean age 12.6 years, SD = 1.3). Both groups were comparable on age, gender, cognitive ability, ethnicity and levels of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms. We examined five a priori regions of interest: the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobes, amygdala, hippocampus and cerebellum. Results: Maltreated children, compared to nonmaltreated peers, presented with reduced grey matter in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and the left middle temporal gyrus. Conclusions: The medial orbitofrontal cortex and the middle temporal gyrus have been implicated in reinforcement-based decision-making, emotion regulation and autobiographical memory, processes that are impaired in a number of psychiatric disorders associated with maltreatment. We speculate that grey matter disturbance in these regions in a community sample of maltreated children may represent a latent neurobiological risk factor for later psychopathology and heightened risk taking. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)

Published
2013
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49. Sex matters: association between callous-unemotional traits and uncinate fasciculus microstructure in youths with conduct disorder

Author

Villemonteix, Thomas, Rogers, Jack C, Courbet, Ophélie, González-Madruga, Karen, Kohls, Gregor, Raschle, Nora M, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Freitag, Christine M, Fairchild, Graeme, De Brito, Stephane A, University of Zurich, Villemonteix, Thomas, and De Brito, Stephane A

Subjects
2805 Cognitive Neuroscience, 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2728 Neurology (clinical), 10093 Institute of Psychology, 2808 Neurology, 2802 Behavioral Neuroscience, 2804 Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, 150 Psychology, 10190 Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development
Published
2022
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50. Attentional Functions in Children and Adolescents with ADHD, Depressive Disorders, and the Comorbid Condition

Author

Gunther, Thomas, Konrad, Kerstin, and De Brito, Stephane A.

Abstract

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depressive disorders (DDs) often co-occur in children and adolescents, but evidence on the respective influence of these disorders on attention parameters is inconsistent. This study examines the influence of DDs on ADHD in a model-oriented approach that includes selectivity and intensity attention parameters. Methods: Ten- to fifteen-year-olds with ADHD (n = 63), DDs (n = 61), ADHD+DDs (n = 64), and healthy controls (n = 64) completed a battery of tests including five neuropsychological tasks (i.e., alertness, sustained attention, divided attention, go/no-go, and attentional set-shifting). Results: All clinical groups showed attentional problems, especially in more complex attentional tasks and in the intensity aspects of attention. We observed the most severe attentional impairments in children with ADHD that was independent from a comorbid DD. Conclusion: The clinical groups were significantly different from the healthy control group, especially in more complex attentional tasks and in the intensity aspects of attention. Some differences between ADHD, DDs and ADHD+DDs groups were detected on neuropsychological attentional performance, but the effects were not strong enough to differentiate the clinical groups from each other.

Published
2011
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