14 results on '"De Block, Petra P."'
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2. Le genre Psychotria (Rubiaceae) en Afrique occidentale et centrale: taxonomie, phylogénie et biogéographie
- Author
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Hardy, Olivier J., Robbrecht, Elmar, Meerts, Pierre, Lowry, Porter P., Mardulyn, Patrick, De Block, Petra P., Lachenaud, Olivier, Hardy, Olivier J., Robbrecht, Elmar, Meerts, Pierre, Lowry, Porter P., Mardulyn, Patrick, De Block, Petra P., and Lachenaud, Olivier
- Abstract
Le genre Psychotria est le plus vaste de la famille des Rubiaceae, avec plusieurs centaines d’espèces répandues dans toutes les régions tropicales humides. Les Psychotria sont principalement des arbustes (quelques-uns sont lianescents, herbacés ou arborescents) et entrent souvent pour une part importante dans la composition des sous-bois tropicaux. Certains montrent des adaptations remarquables comme la symbiose bactérienne foliaire ou l’accumulation d’humus. En raison de sa taille et des difficultés d’identifications, ce genre reste mal connu, notamment en Afrique occidentale et centrale où il n’a fait l’objet d’aucun travail d’ensemble depuis les années 1960.Le présent travail a pour objectifs :1) la révision taxonomique du genre Psychotria pour l’Afrique occidentale et centrale; 2) une étude phylogénétique du genre, visant à reconstituer son évolution et améliorer la classification infragénérique ;et 3) une étude biogéographique régionale de ce groupe, afin de définir des centres de diversité et d'endémisme.Notre travail de taxonomie, fondé sur l’examen des spécimens d’herbier et sur des missions de terrain au Cameroun et au Gabon, nous a conduit à reconnaître l’existence de 232 espèces en Afrique occidentale et centrale, ce qui fait de Psychotria le plus vaste genre de plantes dans cette région. Parmi ces espèces, 78 sont nouvelles.Nos travaux phylogénétiques, basés sur l’étude de deux marqueurs nucléaires (ITS et ETS) et quatre chloroplastiques (rps16, trnG, matK et rbcLa), montrent que la classification de Petit (1964, 1966) est largement à revoir. Il apparaît notamment que les deux sous-genres (Psychotria et Tetramerae) reconnus en Afrique, et fondés sur la présence ou l’absence de nodules bactériens foliaires, ne sont pas monophylétiques, certaines espèces ayant secondairement perdu leurs nodules. Nos résultats soutiennent également le rattachement du genre monospécifique Peripeplus à Psychotria.Le genre Psychotria montre une diversité remarquabl, Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2013
3. Molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the tribe Pavetteae (Rubiaceae).
- Author
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De Block, Petra, Janssens, Steven, Robbrecht, Elmar, Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., Bremer, Birgitta, and Ochoterena, Helga
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SPECIES ,COFFEE ,BAYESIAN analysis ,PHYLOGENY ,TRIBES - Abstract
This is the first phylogenetic study focused on the Pavetteae, one of the most species‐rich and morphologically diverse tribes within the coffee family (Rubiaceae). Fifteen of the 17 currently recognized genera, represented by 85 taxa, were sequenced for rps16, trnT‐F and ITS and analysed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. The monophyly of the Pavetteae is confirmed. Four major lineages are identified, but their phylogenetic relationships are not fully resolved. The continental African genera Rutidea, Nichallea and Tennantia, the Madagascan genera Homollea and Robbrechtia, and the paleotropical genus Pavetta are monophyletic. Other genera are paraphyletic in their current circumscriptions and the following changes are made: Homolliella is placed in synonymy with Paracephaelis, and Coleactina and Dictyandra with Leptactina , resulting in four new combinations. The large paleotropical genus Tarenna is shown not to be monophyletic. In the future, the name Tarenna should not be used for continental African species. Most of these could be transferred to the hitherto monospecific genus Cladoceras, but other species might constitute altogether new genera. The relationship between the monophyletic Asian‐Pacific and Madagascan Tarenna species remains unclear. The phylogeny of the Madagascan genera of the Pavetteae is largely unresolved and the largest Madagascar‐centred genus Coptosperma was not recovered as monophyletic. The low resolution for the Madagascan taxa can be considered as an indication of rapid radiation. Further molecular and morphological studies are necessary to clarify the phylogeny of the Pavetteae, especially regarding the African Tarenna species and the Madagascan genera of the tribe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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- View/download PDF
4. A new herbaceous genus endemic to Madagascar: Phialiphora (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae).
- Author
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Groeninckx, Inge, Briggs, Marie, Davis, Aaron, De Block, Petra, Robbrecht, Elmar, Smets, Erik, and Dessein, Steven
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RUBIACEAE ,HERBACEOUS plants ,INFLORESCENCES ,PLANT classification - Abstract
Phialiphora Groeninckx is described as a new herbaceous genus of Rubiaceae, endemic to NW Madagascar. The genus belongs to the predominantly herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae, and comprises two species: P. bevazahensis Groeninckx and P. capitulata Groeninckx. Phialiphora is unique within Spermacoceae in having heart-shaped placentas distally attached to the septum with a stalk. The generic name refers to the involucrate head-like inflorescences. Molecular data, based on afpB-rbcL, pelD, rpsl6, and trnL-trnF sequences, demonstrate that Phialiphora belongs to the Hedyotis-Oldenlandia complex of the tribe Spermacoceae. The genus shares a common ancestor with the Madagascan endemics Astiella Jovet, Thamnoldenlandia Groeninckx and Amphistemon Groeninckx. Our study supports the hypothesis that the current diversity of Spermacoceae on Madagascar is the result of several independent colonisation events since the Eocene, most likely by long-distance dispersal from the African continent. A key to the genera of Spermacoceae on Madagascar is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
5. Rediscovery of Malagasy Lathraeocarpa allows determination of its taxonomic position within Rubiaceae.
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Groeninckx, Inge, de Block, Petra, Rakotonasolo, Franck, Smets, Erik, and Dessein, Steven
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PLANT molecular systematics ,RUBIACEAE ,PLASTIDS ,MONOGENIC functions - Abstract
Lathraeocarpa acicularis, a small woody Rubiaceae endemic to Madagascar, was rediscovered after more than 50 years. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on four plastid markers (atpB-rbcL, rps16, trnL-trnF,petD) proves that its previous position within the monogeneric tribe Lathraeocarpeae can no longer be supported. Our data clearly show that Lathraeocarpa acicularis has its closest relatives among taxa of the Hedyotis- Oldenlandia group of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae sensu lato. The taxon falls within the Pentanopsis clade and is sister to a group comprising the Madagascan genus Gomphocalyx and the Afro-Madagascan genus Phylohydrax. A detailed survey of the morphology and anatomy of the genus based on our recently collected material of Lathraeocarpa acicularis is presented, providing additional arguments for the new taxonomic position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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6. Coffea anthonyi, a new self-compatible Central African coffee species, closely related to an ancestor of Coffea arabica.
- Author
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Stoffelen, Piet, Noirot, Michel, Couturon, Emmanuel, Bontems, Sylvain, De Block, Petra, and Anthony, François
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PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of coffee ,PHYLOGENY ,ISOENZYMES ,PLANT classification - Abstract
Coffea anthonyi Stoff. & F. Anthony from Cameroon and the Republic of Congo is formally described. Morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, isozyme diversity and phylogenetic relationships are discussed. The new diploid species has strong relationships with the East African C. eugenioides and the allotetraploid cultivated C. arabica. As such, it could be related to a progenitor species of C. arabica. The new species is self-compatible, being a rare character within the genus Coffea. This new small-leaved Central African species is of particular interest from a phylogenetic as well as from a breeding point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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7. A new herbaceous genus endemic to Madagascar: Phialiphora(Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae)
- Author
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Groeninckx, Inge, Briggs, Marie, Davis, Aaron, De Block, Petra, Robbrecht, Elmar, Smets, Erik, and Dessein, Steven
- Abstract
Phialiphora Groeninckx is described as a new herbaceous genus of Rubiaceae, endemic to NW Madagascar. The genus belongs to the predominantly herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae, and comprises two species: P. bevazahensis Groeninckx and P. capitulata Groeninckx. Phialiphora is unique within Spermacoceae in having heart-shaped placentas distally attached to the septum with a stalk. The generic name refers to the involucrate head-like inflorescences. Molecular data, based on atpB-rbcL, petD, rps16, and trnL-trnF sequences, demonstrate that Phialiphora belongs to the Hedyotis-Oldenlandia complex of the tribe Spermacoceae. The genus shares a common ancestor with the Madagascan endemics Astiella Jovet, Thamnoldenlandia Groeninckx and Amphistemon Groeninckx. Our study supports the hypothesis that the current diversity of Spermacoceae on Madagascar is the result of several independent colonisation events since the Eocene, most likely by long-distance dispersal from the African continent. A key to the genera of Spermacoceae on Madagascar is provided.
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Rediscovery of Malagasy Lathraeocarpaallows determination of its taxonomic position within Rubiaceae
- Author
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Groeninckx, Inge, de Block, Petra, Rakotonasolo, Franck, Smets, Erik, and Dessein, Steven
- Abstract
Lathraeocarpa acicularis, a small woody Rubiaceae endemic to Madagascar, was rediscovered after more than 50 years. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on four plastid markers (atpB-rbcL, rps16, trnL-trnF, petD) proves that its previous position within the monogeneric tribe Lathraeocarpeae can no longer be supported. Our data clearly show that Lathraeocarpa acicularishas its closest relatives among taxa of the Hedyotis-Oldenlandiagroup of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae sensu lato. The taxon falls within the Pentanopsisclade and is sister to a group comprising the Madagascan genus Gomphocalyxand the Afro-Madagascan genus Phylohydrax. A detailed survey of the morphology and anatomy of the genus based on our recently collected material of Lathraeocarpa acicularisis presented, providing additional arguments for the new taxonomic position.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Three new Madagascan Ixoraspecies (Rubiaceae) with flowers up to 23 cm long
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De Block, Petra
- Abstract
Three new Ixoraspecies from Madagascar are described, I. crassipes, I. densithyrsaand I. peculiaris. These species, together with I. siphonantha, are unique within the pantropical genus Ixorabecause they possess extremely long corolla tubes, up to 23 cm long. In Madagascan Ixoras, corolla tube length shows extreme variation (0.4–23 cm long), perhaps indicating that the radiation process this genus has undergone on the island is, at least partly, pollinator‐driven. A determination key and distribution maps are provided for the Madagascan long‐tubed species (corolla tubes >15 cm long). Descriptions and illustrations are given for the three new species.
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- 2007
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10. Pollen morphology of the Pavetteae (Rubiaceae, Ixoroideae) and its taxonomic significance
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de Block, Petra and Robbrecht, Elmar
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Pollen grains of the tribe Pavetteae (Rubiaceae, subfamily Ixoroideae) are examined using LM and SEM. Grains are 3- or 4-colporate and (semi-) tectate (in one Versteegia species atectate). Sexine patterns vary between perforate, microreticulate, reticulate, rugulate and striato-reticulate. Supratectal elements are sometimes present. The variation in pollen morphology in the Pavetteae allows to recognize seven pollen types, the distribution of which is useful to evaluate generic delimitations and relationships within the tribe. Pollen characters corroborate the close relationships between the genera Coleactina, Dictyandra and Leptactina and between Homollea, Homolliella and Paracephaelis. All the genera of the tribe proved to be stenopalynous (the species examined possess the same pollen type), except Pavetta, Rutidea, Versteegia and Tarenna which are eurypalynous. In the huge genus Pavetta the existing infrageneric classification is supported pollen morphologically. Pollen morphology further indicates that the genus Tarenna is badly delimited and strongly in need of a revision. The small genus Versteegia is in need of further taxonomic and palynological study to understand the pollen morphological variation encountered here. At a higher rank, pollen morphology also does not contradict the recent division of the Pavetteae in the Ixoreae (a stenopalynous tribe with presumably primitive pollen) and the Pavetteae sensu stricto (eurypalynous).
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- 1998
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11. Phylogeny of Tricalysia (Rubiaceae) and its Relationships with Allied Genera Based on Plastid DNA Data: Resurrection of the Genus Empogona1
- Author
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Tosh, James, Davis, Aaron P., Dessein, Steven, De Block, Petra, Huysmans, Suzy, Fay, Mike F., Smets, Erik, and Robbrecht, Elmar
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- 2009
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12. Third International Rubiaceae Conference: Introduction1
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De Block, Petra, Taylor, Charlotte M., and Huysmans, Suzy
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- 2009
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13. Robbrechtia, a New Rubiaceae Genus from Madagascar
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De Block, Petra
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- 2003
- Full Text
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14. Genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) in West and Central Africa: taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography
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Lachenaud, Olivier, Hardy, Olivier J., Robbrecht, Elmar, Meerts, Pierre, Lowry, Porter P., Mardulyn, Patrick, and De Block, Petra P.
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Plants -- Phylogeny -- Africa, West ,tropical rainforests ,Biogeography -- Africa, Central ,Rubiaceae -- Africa, West ,Plantes -- Phylogenèse -- Afrique centrale ,taxonomie ,Plantes -- Phylogenèse -- Afrique occidentale ,biogéographie ,Rubiaceae ,Plantes -- Classification -- Afrique occidentale ,phylogeny ,Biogéographie -- Afrique occidentale ,taxonomy ,Afrique ,Rubiacées -- Afrique occidentale ,undergrowth ,phylogénie ,Plants -- Classification -- Africa, Central ,Plants -- Classification -- Africa, West ,biogeography ,Biogéographie -- Afrique centrale ,Rubiacées -- Afrique centrale ,Plants -- Phylogeny -- Africa, Central ,forêts tropicales ,Guineo-Congolian region ,litter-collecting plants ,sous-bois ,plantes collectrices d'humus ,Biogeography -- Africa, West ,Rubiaceae -- Africa, Central ,endemism ,endémisme ,Africa ,région guinéo-congolaise ,Biologie ,Plantes -- Classification -- Afrique centrale ,Psychotria ,Sciences exactes et naturelles - Abstract
Le genre Psychotria est le plus vaste de la famille des Rubiaceae, avec plusieurs centaines d’espèces répandues dans toutes les régions tropicales humides. Les Psychotria sont principalement des arbustes (quelques-uns sont lianescents, herbacés ou arborescents) et entrent souvent pour une part importante dans la composition des sous-bois tropicaux. Certains montrent des adaptations remarquables comme la symbiose bactérienne foliaire ou l’accumulation d’humus. En raison de sa taille et des difficultés d’identifications, ce genre reste mal connu, notamment en Afrique occidentale et centrale où il n’a fait l’objet d’aucun travail d’ensemble depuis les années 1960.Le présent travail a pour objectifs :1) la révision taxonomique du genre Psychotria pour l’Afrique occidentale et centrale; 2) une étude phylogénétique du genre, visant à reconstituer son évolution et améliorer la classification infragénérique ;et 3) une étude biogéographique régionale de ce groupe, afin de définir des centres de diversité et d'endémisme.Notre travail de taxonomie, fondé sur l’examen des spécimens d’herbier et sur des missions de terrain au Cameroun et au Gabon, nous a conduit à reconnaître l’existence de 232 espèces en Afrique occidentale et centrale, ce qui fait de Psychotria le plus vaste genre de plantes dans cette région. Parmi ces espèces, 78 sont nouvelles.Nos travaux phylogénétiques, basés sur l’étude de deux marqueurs nucléaires (ITS et ETS) et quatre chloroplastiques (rps16, trnG, matK et rbcLa), montrent que la classification de Petit (1964, 1966) est largement à revoir. Il apparaît notamment que les deux sous-genres (Psychotria et Tetramerae) reconnus en Afrique, et fondés sur la présence ou l’absence de nodules bactériens foliaires, ne sont pas monophylétiques, certaines espèces ayant secondairement perdu leurs nodules. Nos résultats soutiennent également le rattachement du genre monospécifique Peripeplus à Psychotria.Le genre Psychotria montre une diversité remarquable, associée à un taux d’endémisme élevé, dans le domaine bas-guinéen (Cameroun et Gabon principalement) où plusieurs centres d’endémisme ont été identifiés. Ceux-ci sont localisés non seulement dans les massifs montagneux de l’intérieur, dont la flore particulière est bien connue, mais également dans les régions littorales. L’Afrique de l’ouest, moins diversifiée, montre cependant un fort endémisme localisé principalement dans deux centres, l’un situé au Liberia et dans l’ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire, l’autre vers la frontière Côte d’Ivoire/Ghana. Le bassin du Congo, comparable en diversité à l’Afrique de l’Ouest, est relativement pauvre en endémiques.Ces résultats suggèrent que les forêts du Cameroun et du Gabon auraient relativement bien résisté aux périodes sèches passées, et remettent notamment en question l’hypothèse d’une disparition des forêts littorales du golfe de Guinée au cours du Pleistocène./Psychotria is the largest genus in the Rubiaceae family, with several hundred species in wet tropical areas worldwide. Psychotria spp. are mostly shrubs (a few being lianas, creepers or trees) and are often an important component of the undergrowth in tropical rainforests. Some show remarkable adaptations such as leaf bacterial symbiosis or litter gathering. Due to its size and identification problems, Psychotria remains a little-known genus, especially in West and Central Africa, where no major work has been done on this group since the 1960s.The aims of the present work are: 1) a taxonomic revision of Psychotria in West and Central Africa; 2) a phylogenetic study of the genus, in order to trace its evolution and improve the infrageneric classification; and 3) a regional biogeographic study of the genus, to define centers of diversity and endemism.Our taxonomical work, based on the study of herbarium specimens and field expeditions in Gabon and Cameroon, led us to recognise 232 species of Psychotria in West and Central Africa. Psychotria is therefore the largest plant genus in this area. Among these species, 78 are new.Our phylogenetic work, based on two nuclear markers (ITS and ETS) and four chloroplastic markers (rps16, trnG, matK, rbcLa), shows that Petit’s (1964, 1966) infrageneric classification is in need of revision. In particular, we show that the two subgenera present in Africa (subg. Tetramerae and subg. Psychotria), which are defined by the presence or absence of leaf bacterial nodules, are not monophyletic: a secondary loss of the bacterial nodules has occured in some species. Our results also support the merging of the monospecific genus Peripeplus into Psychotria.The genus Psychotria shows a remarkable diversity and a high level and endemism in the Lower Guinea domain (particularly Cameroon and Gabon) where several centers of endemism are identified. These are located not only in the inland hill ranges, which are well known for their particular flora, but also in littoral areas. West Africa is less diverse but also shows a high level of endemism, which concerns mostly two areas, one in Liberia and western Côte d’Ivoire and the other around the Côte d’Ivoire/Ghana border. The Congo basin, comparable in diversity to West Africa, has relatively few endemic species.These results suggest that the rainforests of Cameroon and Gabon resisted relatively well during historical drier periods. They do not support the hypothesis of a disappearance of the Gulf of Guinea littoral forests during the Pleistocene., Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2013
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