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V Sloveniji je pridobivanje novih koridorjev za daljnovode zelo oteženo, če že ne skoraj onemogočeno. Zaradi velikega odpora javnosti do gradnje novih daljnovodov je potrebno vložiti mnogo truda tako v prostorsko načrtovanje daljnovodov, kakor v vrednotenje obremenitve okolja povzročene s strani daljnovoda. Pri tem morejo biti, znotraj danega koridorja, vplivi daljnovoda na okolje v okviru zakonsko predpisanih mej. Pri tem so zelo pomembne predvsem vrednosti emisij električne poljske jakosti, emisij gostote magnetnega pretoka ter emisij hrupa. Slednje so odvisne od napetosti voda, toka v vodu in geometrijske razporeditve vodnikov. Z ustrezno razporeditvijo vodnikov je mogoče v znatni meri vplivati na vrednosti emisij elektromagnetnih polj in hrupa v bližini koridorja daljnovoda. Še več, z ustreznimi programskimi orodji je za določen koridor mogoče določiti optimalen razpored vodnikov glede na dano kriterijsko funkcijo. Za določitev optimalnega razporeda vodnikov je v disertaciji razvito ustrezno optimizacijsko okolje. To obsega modul za določitev gostote magnetnega pretoka in električne poljske jakosti v poljubni točki vzdolž trase daljnovoda, z ali brez upoštevanja povesne verižnice. Dodatno je vključen tudi modul za izračun emisij hrupa daljnovoda in ustrezno optimizacijsko orodje. Cilj disertacije je poiskati optimalno razporeditev vodnikov trifaznega daljnovoda glede na dopustne vrednosti emisij elektromagnetnih polj in hrupa vzdolž koridorja, oziroma glede na izbrano kriterijsko funkcijo na takšen način, da bo višina vpetja strelovodne vrvi in s tem tudi višina stebra čim nižja. Rezultat disertacije je opis algoritmov za določitev optimalne porazdelitve vodnikov trifaznega daljnovoda glede na dano kriterijsko funkcijo in dane omejitve. Razvita programska orodja je mogoče uporabiti tudi pri preverjanju, ali je visokonapetostne daljnovode nižjih napetostnih nivojev mogoče, znotraj obstoječe trase, nadgraditi tako, da bodo primerni za višji napetostni nivo. Razen tega je razvito programsko orodje mogoče uporabiti za snovanje novih daljnovodov ob upoštevanju omejitev, ki so za izbrani napetostni nivo običajno podane v obliki širine koridorja in dopustnih vrednosti emisij elektromagnetnih polj in hrupa ter varnostnih razdalj in oddaljenosti. The legal procedures to obtain the right of way for the new overhead power lines in Slovenia are extremely difficult nowadays. Due to the large public opposition against the building of the new overhead lines is necessary to invest a lot of effort in both, the planning of overhead power lines and the minimization of their impacts on the environment. In that sense, within the given overhead power line right of way, all of the impacts on the environment should be under prescribed limits. Therefore, most of our attentions should be devoted to minimize emissions of the electromagnetic fields and the audible noise. The aforementioned emissions depend mostly on the values of overhead power line voltage, current and geometrical arrangement of conductors. Especially with the proper arrangement of the overhead power line conductors the emissions of the electromagnetic fields and the audible noise could be essentially reduced. Moreover, with an appropriate software tool, the optimal arrangement of conductors, with respect to the given objective function, could be determined. Such an optimal arrangement of the conductors can be determined with the Differential Evolution based optimization environment proposed in this dissertation. It contains the module for calculating the audible noise emissions as well as the module for calculation the emissions of the electromagnetic fields. In the calculations it is possible to consider the sagged conductors or their approximation with the straight conductors. The aim of this dissertation is to find an optimal arrangement of the three-phase power line conductors. The acceptable emissions of the electromagnetic fields and audible noise are considered as the optimization bounds, while the optimization goal is the minimal height of the tower defined with the attachment of the overhead ground wire. The developed software tool can be used for designing the new overhead power lines, where the restrictions as the width of the overhead power line right of way, the safety clearances, the allowable emission of electromagnetic fields and audible noise are considered. Additionally, the proposed software tool can be applied to check where the overhead power line with the lower rated voltage level can be upgraded to the higher rated voltage level inside already existing right of way.

The paper deals with, a magnetically nonlinear dynamic model of a single-phase transformer where the effects of dynamic hysteresis losses and iron core losses to be accounted for by a simplified method. The existing simplified method 4 for considering dynamic iron core losses in the form of magnetizing curve B(H), displaced to the left and to the right by factor Hhist (22), is modified. It is now suitable to be used when the magnetizing curve of the iron-core material is not available, while the magnetically nonlinear characteristic y(i) of the entire device can be determined experimentally 7. The characteristic y(i) can be given in the form of an approximation polynomial or in the form of a look-up table. A schematic presentation of the discussed single-phase transformer is shown in Figure 1. It is used as a basis for two different circuit models presented in sections 2.1 and 2.2. The first circuit model with neglected eddy-current losses is shown in Figure 2, while the second circuit model with the eddy-current losses are accounted for by the resistor RFo is shown in Figure 3. The corresponding magnetically nonlinear single-phase transformer dynamic models is given by sets of equations (1) to (11) and (12) to (20). In the first model, only the hysteresis losses can be accounted for while the second one can handle hysteresis and eddy current losses. Both models are completed by magnetically nonlinear characteristic y(i) of the tested transformer. Section 3 describes how the hysteresis losses can be accounted for by shifting an unique magnetically nonlinear iron - core characteristic given in the form of the magnetizing curve B(H) to the left and to the right by factor Hhist. The complete approach is explained in Figure 4 where fo denotes the unique characteristic B(H). Factor Hhist (22) is defined by the hysteresis factor Khist, actual flux density B and flux density in the last turning point Brev. Equations (23) to (25) show, how partial derivatives a&ao, needed in dynamic models (equations sets (1)-(1 1) and (12)-(20)), can be determined from characteristic B(H). Expressions (26) and (27) are used to determine characteristic VI(i) from the measured applied voltage and corresponding current under transformer no-load operation. Figure 5 shows a set of characteristics VI(i) in the form of hysteresis loops determined for different amplitudes of the applied voltage. The unique characteristic y(i) used in calculations is given by end points of individual hysteresis loops. Equations (28) to (31) are used to determine magnetic reluctances Rm or partial derivatives Mao from the end points of the individual hysteresis loops shown in Figure 5. Figure 6 shows the measured hysteresis loop a), unique y(i) characteristic b) and approximation of the hysteresis loop used to account for hysteresis losses c). A corresponding comparison of the measured and calculated currents is shown in Figure 7. Figure 8 shows that a better agreement the between measured and calculated currents can be achieved if hysteresis losses are accounted for in the transformer dynamic model together with the eddy-current losses. V članku je obravnavana poenostavljena metoda upoštevanja dinamičnih histereznih izgub v modelu enofaznega transformatorja. Magnetno nelinearna karakteristika železnega jedra je upoštevana v obliki tabele, vpliv histereze pa je zajet s premikanjem omenjene karakteristike v levo in desno. Poleg vpliva histereznih izgub je v modelu transformatorja upoštevan tudi vpliv vrtinčnih izgub. Podana je primerjava izmerjenih in izračunanih tokov, in sicer tako za primer brez kot tudi z upoštevanjem vrtinčnih izgub.

Namen diplomske naloge je s pomočjo najnovejše literature, raziskav in računskih analiz predstaviti situacijo na področju električnih vozil ter omrežne infrastrukture. Pri uvajanju električnih vozil lahko posledično prihaja do preobremenjevanja omrežja. Da bi pridobili celostno sliko, smo v nalogi predstavili vpliv modernizacije z električnimi vozili na elektroenergetski sistem. Glavni cilj diplomske naloge je prikazati, kolikšen vpliv imajo električna vozila na elektroenergetski sistem, vpliv njihove vključitve na okolje in tudi kako zmanjšati preobremenitve sistema. The purpose of the thesis was to identify the situations of electric vehicles and network infrastructure through the acquired literature, researches and analyzes. In this context, the forefront of the thesis was a possibility of introducing electric vehicles and consequently overloading network. In order to gain an overall picture, the thesis was describing the influence of modernization with electric vehicles on the electric power system. The main goal was to demonstrate the impact of electric vehicles on the electric power system, the impact of their integration on the environment, and how to reduce system overload.

Ključna veličina, ki kaže na ustrezno delovanje EES, je frekvenca. Ker se proizvodnja in poraba električne energije v povezavi (interkonekciji) neprestano spreminjata, se spreminja tudi frekvenca. V primeru večjega odstopanja (napake) frekvence od nazivne vrednosti 50 Hz, se (nemudoma) odzovejo agregati v skladu s točno določenimi pravili. Mehanizma se imenujeta proces za vzdrževanje frekvence in avtomatska rezerva za povrnitev frekvence, kjer se prva izvaja samodejno in neposredno na agregatih (sklop turbina - generator), druga pa na »višjem« - sistemskem nivoju (izvaja ga ELES). V diplomski nalogi bom predstavil možnosti daljinskega upravljanja storitve procesa za vzdrževanje frekvence (PVF) z namenom minimizacije obremenitev agregatov DEM ter možnostjo njihovega optimalnega angažiranja na trgu storitev EES RS. Crucial measured value, which indicates the stability of the network, is frequency. It changes continuously as a result of constant changes in balance between generation and consumption. In cases of larger frequency deviations from the nominal value of 50 Hz, the production units instantly respond according to precisely defined rules. These mechanisms are called frequency containment process (FCP) and automatic frequency restoration process (aFRP), where the first is performed automatically directly by the turbine governor, and the latter is performed on a higher, system level, performed by the transmission system operator (in Slovenia ELES). This work presents the possibility of remote control of the frequency containment process with intent to minimize the stress on power production units (hydro power plants) of Dravske elektrarne Maribor (DEM) and their optimal engagement in the ancillary services market within Slovenian power grid.

Namen magistrskega dela je izvedba optimizacije delovanja hladilno-zamrzovalnega aparata z uporabo metode diferenčne evolucije. Optimizirani parametri so hrup, poraba energije, temperaturni gradient in hladilna ter zamrzovalna kapaciteta. Predlagana metoda omogoča iskanje optimalnih vrtljajev kompresorja in ventilatorja hladilno-zamrzovalnega aparata. Rezultat magistrskega dela tako predstavljajo navedeni optimalni vrtljaji za različne profile delovanja hladilno-zamrzovalnega aparata in napotki, kdaj naj aparat deluje v katerem profilu. The purpose of this masters thesis is the performance optimization of the fridge-freezer using the differential evolution method. Optimized parameters are audible noise, energy consumption, temperature gradient and cooling/freezing capacity. With the proposed method we are able to search for an optimal fan and compressor rotation speeds. Result of the masters thesis are aforementioned optimal rotation speeds for different performance profiles of the fridge-freezer and instructions on when the appliance should work in which profile.

Cilj diplomskega dela je podrobneje predstaviti sistem net metering, ugotoviti prednosti in slabosti tega sistema, ter na podlagi postavljene sheme net meteringa v Sloveniji, pravilno dimenzionirati sončno elektrarno. Izvedena je bila analiza za obstoječo sončno elektrarno, ki je bila ob tem za enako obdobje uporabljena pri izvedbi več scenarijev dimenzioniranja. Prav tako sta bila testirana dva modula, in sicer s pomočjo instrumenta HT I-V 400, ki sta bila senčena, zaprašena in očiščena. Na lokaciji sončne elektrarne je bila opravljena še analiza senčenja s pomočjo instrumenta Solmetric SunEye. The purpose of this diploma is to present the system of net metering in greater detail, determine its advantages and weaknesses, and to correctly dimension a solar power plant based on the scheme of net metering in Slovenia. For that reason the analyses of the already existing plant has been performed, which was afterwards recalculated into several situations of dimensioning. In addition, two modules have been tested with the help of the instrument HT I-V 400. The modules were shaded and dusted, since there is tendency to ensure constant recovery. In the end the analyses of the shading with the help of the Solmetric SunEye instrument was performed.

V diplomskem delu smo analizirali vetrovne razmere za postavitev vetrne elektrarne v Lepi Njivi. V uvodnih poglavjih je opisana zgodovina postavitev vetrnih elektrarn in sestavni deli vetrnic. Na osnovi meritev vetra smo izbrali najprimernejši vetrni sistem. Predstavili smo rezultate meritev hitrosti vetra ter proizvodnjo električne energije v različnih primeri. Na osnovi proizvedene električne energije smo ugotavljali ekonomsko upravičenost postavitve obravnavanega vetrnega sistema. In this thesis the wind conditions for constructing a wind farm in Lepa Njiva were analyzed. In the introductory chapters the basics of wind farms, its constructions and components of windmills are described. Based on the measurments of wind the most appropriate wind system was chosen. Apart from that the results of measurements taken for the wind speed and production of electrical energy in different cases were presented. Based on the produced electrical energy we established an economic estimation of wind system building.

Področje vetrne energije dobiva vse večji pomen v svetu, tudi zaradi možnosti pretvorbe energije vetra v električno energijo. Tako tudi v Sloveniji načrtujemo izgradnjo večjih polj vetrnih elektrarn na območjih primernih za umeščanje le-teh. Namen tega diplomskega dela je v izvedbi analize vetrnega stanja na področju Griškega polja pri Dolenji vasi in analizirati model vetrne elektrarne izveden v programskem orodju MATLAB/Powersys. Pri izvedbi modela smo se osredotočili na vetrno elektrarno v Dolenji vasi in preverili vpliv spremembe parametrov vetrne turbine na proizvedeno moč vetrne elektrarne. Field of wind power has increasingly higher meaning in the world, as trend of conversion of the wind energy for production of electrical energy develops very quickly on the market. In Slovenia the construction planes of large wind power plants in suitable areas are dealt, as well. The purpose of this thesis is the analysis of wind condition in the area of Griško polje in Dolenja vas and analysis of wind power plant model made in software tool MATLAB/Powersys. When assembling the model it will be related on the wind power plant in Dolenja vas and the impact of changing parameters of wind turbine on produced power of wind power plant will be verified.

V diplomski nalogi so predstavljeni izračuni optimalnega obratovanja proizvodnih virov električne energije, ki delujejo kot enota. Proizvodni viri električne energije, vključeni znotraj diplomske naloge, so sončna, vetrna in bioplinska elektrarna. Določene so urne napovedi električnih moči ter stroški, prihodki in dobički, in sicer za potrebe organizatorja energetskega trga, v kolikor bi enota proizvodnih virov želela sodelovati na energetskem trgu. In presented diploma work the calculations for optimal operation of the electrical energy production sources, which act like a unit or a virtual power plant, are dealt with. The electrical energy production sources included in the diploma work are solar, wind and bio power plant units. The results of calculations are hourly predictions of the produced electrical energy, while a costs, revenues and profits for the energy market organizers are provided, as well.

Vse večje potrebe in pričakovanja ljudi se izražajo tudi v povišani potrebi po energiji. Ker so količine primarnih virov energije omejene in cene le teh v zadnjem času konstantno rastejo, nas tudi omenjeno dejstvo usmerja k uporabi novih učinkovitejših sistemov za proizvodnjo električne energije. Težnje k vse učinkovitejši izrabi energije, ter stroga zakonodaja, ki vedno bolj omejuje izpuste toplogrednih plinov v ozračje, sta v zadnjem času, ob podpori države, privedla do zanimanja za investiranje v sisteme kogeneracijskih enot. Njihov primarni cilj je proizvodnja električne energije, pri čemer hkrati izkoristimo tudi toploto, ki jo tako uporabimo za ogrevanje ali pripravo tople vode. Zaradi izkoriščanja primarne in sekundarne energije, ki jo proizvede takšen sistem, lahko dosežemo visok izkoristek celotnega sistema. V nalogi smo poizkušali predstaviti sisteme soproizvodnje, zakonske okvire in analizirati delovanje dveh sistemov, ki sta v obratovanju. People's growing needs and expectations are also reflected in the increased energy demand. As a consequence, the amount of primary energy resources is limited and the prices in the past years have seen steady growth. This encourages us to use new and more efficient systems for generating electricity. The tendency toward an ever more efficient use of energy, combined with strict legislation increasingly limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, as well as the growing support of the state, has recently led to the interest to invest in systems of cogeneration units. The primary objective is to produce electricity, and at the same time take advantage of heat, which is then used for heating or hot water. Due to the utilization of the primary and secondary energy produced by such systems, we can achieve extremely high overall efficiency. In this thesis we introduce cogeneration systems, relevant legal frameworks, and analyze the operation of the two systems installed in the Slovenian energetic systems.

Diplomska naloga obravnava izboljšanje zanesljivosti obratovanja distribucijskih omrežij. Najprej smo predstavili distribucijsko omrežje v celotni celjski regiji, se osredotočili na problematiko, predstavili pojem zanesljivosti v distribuciji in zatem opisali rešitve, ki lahko omogočijo izboljšanje zanesljivosti. Sledi še izračun na dveh primerih, in sicer obratovanja v zanki in zamenjave daljnovoda s kablovodom. Diploma work describes how to improve the reliability of the distribution system operation. Firstly, the distribution system across the Celje region is presented, where we mainly focused on the problems. After that the reliability in the distribution system and the solutions to help improved reliability index are dealt. These solutions are demonstrated in two cases, namely the operation in the loop and replacing overhead lines with the cable.

Diplomsko delo obravnava trgovanje z električno energijo v Sloveniji, njegove posebnosti in razvoj v letih po liberalizaciji trga. Na začetku so podani razlogi, ki so privedli do sprememb na tem področju in kaj so prednosti novega sistema. Pri energetskem trgu gre za dinamično gospodarsko panogo, saj se zaradi relativno kratkega časa njegovega obstoja še vedno učimo in izboljšujemo celoten sistem. Opisane so vse večje spremembe, ki so se zgodile na slovenskem trgu z električno energijo. Predstavljene so tudi proizvodne enote električne energije ter prenosno in distribucijsko omrežje preko katerih se pretaka električna energija vse do končnih odjemalcev. Posvetili smo se tudi finančnemu toku, ki deluje po povsem drugačnih zakonitostih. V zadnjem delu z informativnim izračunom podajamo še vpogled na trenutno stanje in doseganje ciljev. This diploma work describes the inner operation of the electricity market in Slovenia, its specificity and development in the years after market liberalization. In the first part, the study provides the reasons that led to drastic changes in aforementioned field and advantages that those changes brought. Electrical energy market represents a dynamic industry segment. The reasons are relative short time of exist, while we are still learning how to improve it. In that sense, all major changes that happened in aforementioned field are part of the presented diploma work. Diploma work, follows the physical flow of electrical current from the power plants, trough the transmission and distribution grid all the way to the consumers, while financial flow is described, as well. In the last part the current state and achieving of the main goals are presented through the numerical example.

Diplomsko delo obsega izdelavo modela dvosistemskega daljnovoda z dvema vrvema v snopu – izpopolnjen vezni model voda. Podan je splošen opis daljnovodne tehnike, in sicer vse od izgradnje, izbire materiala, različnih izračunov, preizkusov ter končnega obratovalnega stanja. Nekoliko podrobneje je opisana tudi izgradnja daljnovoda Beričevo–Krško. Rezultati dobljeni z modelom daljnovoda so primerjani z rezultati študije z naslovom "Medsebojni vplivi med večimi daljnovodnimi sistemi" ter rezultati tako imenovanega ekvivalentnega veznega modela voda. Ob tem smo preverili še izračune vrednosti parametrov kapacitivnosti, induktivnosti ter upornosti obravnavanega voda. Izpopolnjen model smo na koncu uporabili še za izračune induciranih napetosti, in sicer na primeru daljnovoda Beričevo–Krško. This diploma thesis deals with the development of the double-circuit overhead power line model with the two-conductor bundle – with so called "advanced model". Firstly, the general descriptions of the overhead power line techniques, construction, material selection, different calculations, tests, and final operating state are given. Some detailed informations about overhead power line Beričevo–Krško are presented. The results obtained by proposed model are compared with the results given in the study titled "Mutual influences within the several circuits of overhead line" and results obtained by so-called "equivalent model". Additionally, the calculations of capacitance, inductance and resistance are compared as well. Finally, the advanced model was used for calculations of induced voltages in the case of overhead power line Beričevo–Krško.

Diplomska naloga obravnava Akumulacijsko malo hidroelektrarno na Ledavskem jezeru. Izbira teme je povezana z obstoječo infrastrukturo, saj so nasip, stolp in iztočno polje jezera že zgrajeni objekti. V nalogi je obdelan eden izmed načinov izrabe teh objektov in vodnega potenciala reke Ledave na zahodnem delu Goričkega s postavitvijo omenjene elektrarne. Izbira lokacije, tehnična izbira opreme in načrtovani režim obratovanja bodo popeljali do stroškov investicije ter opravičljivosti same gradnje objekta. Za izračune in simulacije se bosta uporabljala programska paketa Matlab/Simulink ter RETScreen. The diploma thesis presents an Accumulation small hydro power plant on Ledavsko jezero. The project is built on an already existing environment or infrastructure, consisting of an embankment, a tower and a lake outflow. Diploma demonstrates some of the possible uses of the given facilities, as well as the potential of the river Ledava in the western part of Goričko with the placement of the hydro power plant. The choice of technical equipment, location and the planned operation regime, as well as the construction and investment cost of the project are dealt in the work. Calculations and simulations were done within the Matlab/Simulink and RETScreen software environments.

Diplomska naloga se osredotoča na proizvodnjo električne energije s hidroelektrarnami. Poudarek je predvsem na področju enakotlačnih turbin z delnim nad tokom vode − v obravnavanem primeru je to Peltonova turbina. V začetnem delu je predstavljen numerični izračun dinamičnih spremenljivk pretoka voda in izgub, in sicer pri različnih odprtostih turbinske šobe, oziroma različnih premerih curka vode. V drugem delu pa so navedeni in ovrednoteni stroški izgradnje in vzdrževanja, ter finančna upravičenost investicije. Investicija je ovrednotena s statično metodo kumulativnega denarnega toka in dinamično metodo neto sedanje vrednosti. The diploma work focuses on the production of electrical energy through the help of a hydroelectric power station. The emphasis is mostly on the area of the turbines with a partial over flow of water - in the studied case this is the Pelton turbine. In the beginning of the thesis the numerical calculations are presented with the dynamical variables of the water flow and losses, for the variable statuses of the turbine's working, or for the different radius of the water power. In the second part we can find the sources and the costs of the build and maintenance of such an investment. The investment is valued based on the static method of cumulative money flow and the dynamic nett method of the current value.

Diplomsko delo obravnava delovanje 12,5 kW fotovoltaične elektrarne za lastno oskrbo z električno energijo. Ob tem je predstavljena tudi gradnja takšne sončne elektrarne. V jedru diplomskega dela so predstavljeni rezultati izvedenih meritev na fotovoltaični elektrarni, pri čemer so določene vrednosti faktorjev celostnega harmonskega popačenja napetosti in tokov. Rezultati so prikazani grafično in tabelarično v programskem okolju Matlab-Simulink. Predstavljen je tudi simulacijski model obravnavane fotovoltaične elektrarne, izveden v Matlab-Simulinku, s pripadajočimi izračunanimi napetostmi, toki in faktorji celostnega harmonskega popačenja. In this work the operation analysis of 12,5 kW photovoltaic power plant with the own consumption of energy is dealt. Firstly, the construction of such a power plant is presented as well.In the mean part of the work the results of current and voltage measurements are shown, where the total harmonic distortions of a measured signals are calculated. Results are presented in graphical and tabelarical forms inside the programe package Matlab - Simulink. Additionally, the simulation model of the aforementioned photovoltaic power plant, with calculated voltages, currents and total harmonic distortions, is presented.

Magistrsko delo obravnava vpliv temperature na optimalni položaj solarnih modulov, pri čemer upoštevamo tudi izgubo energije zaradi delovanja pogonskega sklopa. Sledenje sončnih modulov soncu omogoča večji izkoristek razpoložljive energije sončnega sevanja. Neželena posledica je segrevanje modulov ter posledično izgube zaradi segrevanja. Tako je predmet magistrskega dela določitev vpliva temperature na optimalne položaje solarnih modulov pri želenem maksimalnem izplenu pri pretvorbi energije sončnega sevanja. Pri tem upoštevamo električne izgube pogonskega sklopa. Izračuni so izvedeni za štiri dni v letu, in sicer v programskem paketu MatLab z uporabo Diferenčne evolucije. Proposed master thesis examines the impact of temperature on the optimal position of solar modules, while taking into account the losses of the electrical energy as consequences of applied tracking system. Sun-tracking solar modules represents conversion of sunlight energy into electrical energy with higher yield. On the other hand, with higher yield, the temperature of solar modules start to increase, while efficiency of the solar modules start to decrease. So, the subject of this thesis is to determine the effect of the temperature on the optimal positions of solar modules at the desired maximum yield of whole solar power plant, taking into account the electrical losses. The analysis is performed for four days within a year. Simulations were performed in program tool Matlab, with using optimization algorithm Differential evolution.

Mimo kmetije Plazovnik-Kotnik teče potok, ki so ga v preteklosti izkoriščali za obratovanje mlina. Ker mlin ne obratuje več se je porodila ideja o energetskem izkoriščanju potoka. V diplomskem delu so predstavljene glavne komponente in postopki načrtovanja mikro hidroelektrarne ter okoljske določbe in predpisi potrebni za izdelavo projekta. Ob tem je izveden, ob ustrezni ocenitvi vhodnih parametrov, tako tehnični kakor finančni del izračuna obravnavane mikro hidroelektrarne. Near the Plazovnik-Kotnik farm flows the water stream that was in the past used for water-mill operation. Since the water-mill is no longer functional, it seems an interesting idea to use the water stream for the production of electrical energy. The proposed diploma thesis deals with the main components and steps of planning and with the construction of micro hydroelectric power plant. The environmental and economic aspects and regulations are discussed in the diploma thesis as well.

Diplomsko delo obravnava možnosti določitve emisij hrupa daljnovodov. Predstavili smo tako pojav korone, vzroke nastanka korone, kakor njene posledice. Podali smo torej teoretično osnovo nastanka emisij hrupa ter opisali nekaj metod za določitev hrupa, katere se uporabljajo po svetu. Poleg tega smo izvedli še meritve hrupa visokonapetostnega daljnovoda. V zadnjem poglavju dela je predstavljena še regulativa s področja emisij hrupa v kateri so tudi predpisane omejitve hrupa za določena območja. The diploma thesis deals with the determining acoustic noise emissions caused by the overhead power lines. In the first part of the diploma thesis the theoretical background of the corona occurrence and its consequences are described. We also gave the theoretical background of the audible noise occurrence and some methods for the audible noise description. After that, the results of measurements are presented. We also gave an overview of legal provisions, and limitation of the audible noise level in individual areas.