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The Atlantic Forest is one of the most diverse and threatened phytogeographical domains in the world. Despite that, it includes regions with poor floristic knowledge, even in protected areas. Although the importance of protected areas in conserving the Atlantic Forest hotspot is undisputed, it is necessary to recognise the floristic richness of these areas to propose effective conservation actions. In this sense, online databases have proved to be a promising tool for compiling species lists with relevant biodiversity information. This study is based on the list of vascular plants of the "Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada", published in the "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil". It summarises the species richness, endemism and conservation status of this protected area.The published list of vascular plants was based on data obtained from herbarium collections available in online databases. A total of 303 species have been recorded for the "Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada," of which 297 are native to Brazil, 78 are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and seven are endemic to the State of Rio de Janeiro. More than 60% of the species are woody, and more than 40% are trees. Eight threatened species (Endangered – EN and Vulnerable – VU), of which five are endemic to the State of Rio de Janeiro, are housed in this protected area. One species was classified as Data Deficient (DD). Our results increase the knowledge of the Atlantic Forest flora in the State of Rio de Janeiro and support effective conservation planning for this protected area.

ABSTRACT The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others.

Since its establishment in 1786 Graaff-Reinet has been plagued by persistent water shortages. This article traces the often controversial problem from the time of open furrows and branddamme, through the waterworks period when the municipality was forced to declare itself bankrupt, to the Van Ryneveld's Pass Dam era. The building of the latter seemed to ensure a permanent supply of water. But periodic droughts, which caused the town's water supply to become impregnated with salts, and the water rights of irrigators lower down the Sundays River, proved to be almost insurmountable problems. These difficulties led the town council to launch investigations into various alternative water supply schemes. Unfortunately these were unsuccessful and Graaff-Reinet enters its third century no nearer to solving its ever-vexing water problems.

The world-wide economic depression of 1929-1934 also bore down heavily on small-town financial institutions. A case in point was that of the Graaff-Reinet Board of Executors (established 1856) and the Midland Agency and Trust Company of Graaff-Reinet. A severe blow to their financial viability had been Great Britain's going off the gold standard on 21 September 1931. The Midland Agency was able to survive but the Board of Executors collapsed - the first such instance in South Africa during the great depression. It closed its doors on 20 October 1931 and was thereafter placed under judicial management. One result of this collapse was the introduction of the Companies Amendment Bill into the 1932 parliamentary session by Dr K. Bremer, MP for Graaff-Reinet.

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The name Empangeni is a Zulu word of which there are various interpretations as to its origin. In 1841 Aldin Grout, a missionary of the American Mission Society, was the first White to arrive in the area. He only remained a short time and was followed in 1851 by the Rev. H.P .S. Schreuder of the Norwegian Mission Society. In 1887 Zululand was declared British territory and A.J. Shepstone was appointed the first magistrate of the Lower Umfolozi district. The magisterial seat was moved from Patane to the present day Empangeni in 1894. In 1905-06 the first White settlers arrived in the district, and the so-called Empangeni concession lands were granted between 1909 and 1911. In 1906 Empangeni was officially declared a village and was under the control of the magistrate. From 1917 he was assisted by a village advisory board. In 1931 the village received a town board and borough status was finally granted in October 1960. With the announcement in 1965 of the proposed harbour development at Richards Bay Empangeni entered a dynamic growth phase in its history.

The development of Richards Bay, on the Mhlatuze Lagoon in Zululand, as a harbour was an event of the 1970s. Before this it had primarily been used as a fishing and vacationing spot by the inhabitants of nearby Empangeni. However, there had been numerous attempts to establish a harbour on the Mhlatuze Lagoon but none of them got beyond the planning stage. This article deals with the naming and development of Richards Bay. Starting as a trading store-cum-hotel, it became a favourite fishing spot and a holiday resort after World War II, and finally a thriving export harbour. It has now become the industrial growth point of Zululand.

Abstract A new species of Duguetia from Reserva Natural Vale, in the Atlantic Forest of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, is described and illustrated, and an updated key to the Duguetia species from this state is presented. Duguetia rolimii is known only from two large trees, restricted to the municipality of Linhares. It resembles D. sooretamae in having young twigs densely covered with stellate scales, narrow and shiny leaves with similar dimensions, and fruits with more than 200 fertile monocarps. Nevertheless, these two species can be distinguished from each other mainly by the type of vegetation where they occur, plant size, the density of stellate scales at the lower side of the leaves, the angle between the primary and secondary leaf veins, the shape of the flower buds, length of the upper bract, the shape of the fertile monocarps and indument of the areoles. Comments on distribution, conservation status and field photos of the new species, and comparisons with other related species are provided.

Established in 1888 with the main function of providing for the needs of the surrounding Boer farmers, the town Melmoth in Zululand also hoped to develop into a centre for gold mining in that region. This ideal did not however materialize, and in its early years Melmoth had to contend with the establishment of a nearby rival town (Osborn), the 1888 Zulu disturbances, and natural calamities such as drought, locusts, famine and stock diseases. By the end of its first ten years, although small, Melmoth was the centre of the Mthonjaneni district and provided the community with essential services.

Zululand's world-renowned Hluhluwe and Umfolozi game reserves are today two of the most popular of their kind. But in the effort to establish and keep them, the cattle disease nagana and the accompanying use of big-game drives as a preventative measure to combat the tsetse fly proved to be a serious problem. The game reserves were blamed for harbouring game which carried the nagana parasite, and were therefore regarded as a food source and infection pool for the tsetsefly. Conservationists therefore had to struggle continually to protect the existence of Zululand's game reserves in the face of several demands for their abolition. Other methods used to eradicate the tsetse fly such as fencing, bush clearing and fly traps proved as ineffective as big-game drives. It was only the successful use of chemical spraying in the 1940s which ensured the future of Hluhluwe and Umfolozi.

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Abstract Objectives The capsuloligamentous structures of the shoulder work as static stabilizers, together with the biceps and rotator cuff muscles, increasing the contact surface of the glenoid cavity. Free nerve endings and mechanoreceptors have been identified in the shoulder; however, there are a few studies that describe the presence of these nerves in the biceps' insertion. The present study aimed to describe the morphology and distribution of nerve endings using immunofluorescence with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and confocal microscopy. Methods Six labrum-biceps complexes from six fresh-frozen cadavers were studied. The specimens were coronally cut and prepared using the immunofluorescence technique. In both hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescence, the organization of the connective tissue with parallel collagen fibers was described. Results In the H&E study, vascular structures and some nerve structures were visualized, which were identified by the elongated presence of the nerve cell. All specimens analyzed with immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy demonstrated poor occurrence of morphotypes of sensory corpuscles and free nerve endings. We identified free nerve endings located in the labrum and in the bicipital insertion, and sparse nerve endings along the tendon. Corpuscular endings with fusiform, cuneiform, and oval aspect were identified in the tendon. Conclusion These findings support the hypothesis that the generation of pain in the superior labral tear from Anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions derives from the more proximal part of the long biceps cord and even more from the upper labrum. Future quantitative studies with a larger number of specimens may provide more information on these sensory systems.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Based on the three-dimensional model of Meyer and Allen (1991), this study outlined organizational commitment profiles (OCP) for public service workers working at two federal universities, as well as sociodemographic and occupational characteristics associated with these profiles. Originality/value: OCP emerged as part of the Brazilian research scenario on organizational commitment (OC), as well as discussions that approached the implications of such profiles, in the public sector and public higher education institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology included quantitative, descriptive, and field-based approaches. In the study, 470 respondents worked in administrative areas of two federal universities in Northeast Brazil in three occupational categories: technical servants, managers, and outsourced workers. The techniques used were exploratory factor analysis and latent profile analysis. Findings: As a basis for modeling the factorial structure of the OC scale (affective, normative, and continuance dimensions), four OCP were identified: uncommitted, affective-continuance commitment, moderate, and affectively committed. The uncommitted were primarily men and workers with less job tenure. The majority of the affective-continuance commitment and affectively committed were occupied by technical public servants and outsourced workers, while managers concentrated on the affective-continuance commitments. / RESUMO Objetivo: Esta pesquisa objetivou delinear os perfis de comprometimento organizacional (PCO) de diferentes trabalhadores do serviço público, em duas universidades federais, tomando como base o modelo tridimensional de Meyer e Allen (1991), e discutir características socio-demográficas e ocupacionais associadas a tais perfis. Originalidade/valor: Os resultados permitiram a emergência de novos PCO no cenário de pesquisa brasileiro sobre comprometimento organizacional (CO), assim como discussões que abordam as implicações de tais perfis, considerando o cenário do setor público e das instituições de ensino superior (IES) públicas. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e de campo. O campo de pesquisa foi constituído por 470 respondentes de três categorias ocupacionais distintas: servidores técnicos, gestores e terceirizados, atuantes em áreas administrativas de duas universidades federais do Nordeste. Utilizaram-se as seguintes técnicas: análise fatorial exploratória e análise de perfis latentes. Resultados: Considerando a estrutura fatorial da escala de CO (dimensões afetiva, normativa e de continuação), foram delineados quatro PCO: descomprometidos; comprometidos de combinação afetivo-continuação; moderados; e comprometidos afetivamente. Os trabalhadores com menor tempo de serviço e do gênero masculino predominaram entre os descomprometidos. Os servidores técnicos e os terceirizados predominaram entre os comprometidos de combinação afetivo-continuação e os comprometidos afetivamente, enquanto os gestores concentraram-se entre os comprometidos de combinação afetivo-continuação.

Abstract Grain amaranth is a highly nutritious pseudo‐cereal with good adaptability to a range of environmental conditions and potential to be further cultivated in many areas of the world. Although the crop has good adaptability, soil type can influence crop establishment and production; thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate how cultivar, sowing depth, and soil type affect emergence and early growth of grain amaranth. A pot experiment was carried out in two runs under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was set in a randomized complete block design in a 3 × 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with three soil types (loam, clay loam, and clay) × five sowing depths (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm) × two grain amaranth cultivars (Amaranthus cruentus BRS Alegria and Amaranthus caudatus Inca). Amaranthus caudatus had greater seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight compared to A. cruentus. Emergence was affected by cultivar and was 15% greater for A. cruentus. Seedling height was significantly greater at a 5 and 20 mm sowing depth. Root growth varied as a function of the interaction between soil types and sowing depths in which the longest roots were obtained when grain amaranth was sown in a loam soil at 10 mm depth. For better growth of grain amaranth, the recommended combination is A. caudatus in a loam soil at a depth between 5 and 20 mm.

Reducing uncertainties in the response of tropical forests to global change requires understanding how intra- and interannual climatic variability selects for different species, community functional composition and ecosystem functioning, so that the response to climatic events of differing frequency and severity can be predicted. Here we present an extensive dataset of hydraulic traits of dominant species in two tropical Amazon forests with contrasting precipitation regimes - low seasonality forest (LSF) and high seasonality forest (HSF) - and relate them to community and ecosystem response to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) of 2015. Hydraulic traits indicated higher drought tolerance in the HSF than in the LSF. Despite more intense drought and lower plant water potentials in HSF during the 2015-ENSO, greater xylem embolism resistance maintained similar hydraulic safety margin as in LSF. This likely explains how ecosystem-scale whole-forest canopy conductance at HSF maintained a similar response to atmospheric drought as at LSF, despite their water transport systems operating at different water potentials. Our results indicate that contrasting precipitation regimes (at seasonal and interannual time scales) select for assemblies of hydraulic traits and taxa at the community level, which may have a significant role in modulating forest drought response at ecosystem scales.

En este artículo se presentan algunas reflexiones y resultados parciales de la categoría cuerpos sexuados-cuerpos tecnomediados, como parte de la investigación doctoral en curso Jóvenes, educación sexual y medios digitales: hilvanes de las subjetividades sexuales. Las ideas expuestas se concentran en la reciente virtualización de la experiencia corporal de los y las jóvenes. Se trata de identificar algunas pistas y aportes para una educación en y para la sexualidad, que reconozca el papel preponderante de las redes sociales en la configuración de las subjetividades sexuales. Para ello nos preguntamos ¿Cómo viven los y las jóvenes sus cuerpos en los escenarios virtuales? ¿Cuál es el lugar de la sexualidad en la virtualidad? ¿De qué manera el entorno cultural presente en las redes sociales atraviesa los cuerpos y, en consecuencia, las subjetividades? Para responder a estos interrogantes se plantea una metodología cualitativa en la que confluyen la Etnografía multisituada, la Etnografía virtual y la Investigación basada en artes. Los resultados parciales corresponden a una indagación preliminar realizada con estudiantes entre los 13 y 19 años pertenecientes a la Institución Educativa Distrital La Toscana Lisboa.

Abstract Native vegetation across the Brazilian Cerrado is highly heterogeneous and biodiverse and provides important ecosystem services, including carbon and water balance regulation, however, land-use changes have been extensive. Conservation and restoration of native vegetation is essential and could be facilitated by detailed landcover maps. Here, across a large case study region in Goiás State, Brazil (1.1 Mha), we produced physiognomy level maps of native vegetation (n = 8) and other landcover types (n = 5). Seven different classification schemes using different combinations of input satellite imagery were used, with a Random Forest classifier and 2-stage approach implemented within Google Earth Engine. Overall classification accuracies ranged from 88.6–92.6% for native and non-native vegetation at the formation level (stage-1), and 70.7–77.9% for native vegetation at the physiognomy level (stage-2), across the seven different classifications schemes. The differences in classification accuracy resulting from varying the input imagery combination and quality control procedures used were small. However, a combination of seasonal Sentinel-1 (C-band synthetic aperture radar) and Sentinel-2 (surface reflectance) imagery resulted in the most accurate classification at a spatial resolution of 20 m. Classification accuracies when using Landsat-8 imagery were marginally lower, but still reasonable. Quality control procedures that account for vegetation burning when selecting vegetation reference data may also improve classification accuracy for some native vegetation types. Detailed landcover maps, produced using freely available satellite imagery and upscalable techniques, will be important tools for understanding vegetation functioning at the landscape scale and for implementing restoration projects.

Cancer cells rely on different mechanisms to maintain their dysregulated metabolism and high proliferation. Metabolic rewiring with an increased dependency on glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the blood, is a common feature of several types of cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The enzyme glutaminase (GLS) converts glutamine to glutamate, a reaction that provides α-ketoglutarate for the tricarboxylic/citric acid cycle (TCA) and chromatin-modifying enzymes, thus impacting proliferation and cell differentiation. Glutamine metabolism also impacts the redox balance and synthesis of nucleotides, lipids, and other amino acids. Glutaminase is a potential therapeutic target for cancer, with inhibitors in clinical trials. We previously performed high-throughput screening (HTS) to look for GLS inhibitors. Here, we present the structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of one of the hits, C12, a molecule containing the heteroaromatic nucleus 2-amino-thiazole. The SAR investigation was carried out through modifications of the substituents from the main 3 rings present at the C12 prototype, rings A-C. The combination of 4-F and phenylacetic substitutions on ring A, the incorporation of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety on ring B, and a 4-CN substituent on ring C were the best options to improve specific GLS inhibition. In this series, three compounds exhibited suitable enzyme (GAC vs GLS2) and cell (MDA-MB-231 vs SKBR3) selectivity and, thus, could be useful for the development of new glutaminase inhibitors.