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Dental stains are pigmented deposits that can be intrinsic or extrinsic in origin and are seen on the surface of the teeth. Discoloration of teeth can be due to developmental defects, traumatic injuries, or the intake of several medications. Extrinsic stains create discoloration outside the tooth surface and lay on the surface or in the acquired pellicle, whereas stains within dentin or intrinsic discoloration sometimes come from pulpal or systemic origin. To plan a specific treatment approach and its associated result, it is important to identify the etiologic cause that is creating the stain, in an attempt to provide esthetic treatment for the same. This case report describes the successful management of intrinsic staining of anterior teeth in a 10-year-old girl. The treatment plan included esthetic rehabilitation using composite veneer. The fluoride-releasing composite used provided an acceptable color match and exceptional handling properties and was relatively easy to maintain with its antiplaque effect. This case also represents a unique histopathological finding from ground sections of a retained extracted deciduous tooth.

Metformin, the primary therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), showed limitations such as varying absorption, rapid system clearance, required large amount, resistance, longstanding side effects. Use of Nano formulations for pharmaceuticals is emerging as a viable technique to reduce negative consequences of drug, while simultaneously attaining precise release and targeted distribution. This study developed a Polyethylene Glycol conjugated Graphene Oxide Quantum dots (GOQD-PEG) nanocomposite for the sustained release of metformin. Herein, we evaluated the effectiveness of metformin-loaded nanoconjugate in in vitro insulin resistance model. Results demonstrated drug loaded nanoconjugate successfully restored glucose uptake and reversed insulin resistance in in vitro conditions at reduced dosage compared to free metformin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetric scaffolds were developed through electrospinning by utilizing biocompatible materials for effective wound healing applications. First of all, the chitosan surface was modified with decanoyl chloride and crosslinked with collagen to synthesize collagen crosslinked modified-chitosan (CG-cross-CS-g-Dc). Then, the asymmetric scaffolds were fabricated through electrospinning, where the top layer was a monoaxial nanofiber of the PCL/graphene oxide quantum dot (GOQD) nanocomposite and the bottom layer was a coaxial nanofiber having PCL in the core and the CG-cross-CS-g-Dc/GOQD nanocomposite in the shell layer. The formation of monoaxial (∼130 ± 50 nm) and coaxial (∼320 ± 40 nm) nanofibers was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of GOQDs contributed to antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy. These scaffolds showed substantial antibacterial activity against the common wound pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The scaffolds exhibited excellent cytocompatibility (MTT assay) and anti-inflammatory behaviour as analysed via the cytokine assay and biochemical analysis. The in vivo wound healing potential of the nanofibrous scaffolds was assessed with full-thickness excisional wounds in a rat model. The scaffolds accelerated the re-epithelialization as well as the collagen deposition, thereby facilitating the wound healing process in a very short span of time (10 days). Both in vitro and in vivo analyses thus provide a compelling argument for the use of these scaffolds as therapeutic biomaterials and their suitability for application in rapid wound regeneration and repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A candid approach to analyze the performance characteristics of phenyl phosphonate-functionalized zirconium oxide and pure zirconium oxide (ZrO) fillers reinforced chitosan nanocomposites and their suitability as a potential biomaterial for the development of transducer surface in biosensing device has been investigated in this communication. Functionalization of ZrO has been carried out using sulfophenylphosphonate which was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectrographs. The electrostatic intercalation of chitosan with filler particles was monitored using electrochemical impedance analyzer which exhibits lowest bulk resistance which is highly effective for ionic switching. Incorporation of zirconium sulfophenylphosphonate (ZrSP) the ionic conductivity of the chitosan film attained a value of 1.2 × 10 S/cm as compared to the unmodified one which is a prefeasibility work for the fabrication of biosensing platform. Variation in performance characteristics has been evaluated through morphological and thermal characterization. TGA and DSC analysis reveal that the thermal stability and decomposition temperature of the nanocomposites were improved by the addition of reinforcing filler particles. XRD and SEM and TEM results support the above assumption. The continuous alignment of the proton transfer channels of the nanocomposites was thoroughly investigated by AFM analysis which revealed phase morphology for improved enzyme entrapment. Further, surface functionalized nanofillers result considerable increment of mechanical properties in terms of elastic modulus and tensile stress. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perinatal maternal environment is important for the normal development of the fetus. Epigenetic modifications that influence developmental control genes and signalling pathways for proper fetal development have been associated with maternal illnesses brought on by viruses, bacteria, or even parasitic protozoa. It is crucial to provide details on the onset, length, and timing of the mother's fever because these factors may influence the kind of certain abnormalities. Although fever is a primarily benign disease, it has been linked to negative health outcomes in children and has occasionally resulted in a substantial referral to critical care. This case report presents a 15-year-old female patient with repaired cleft palate and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) who approached for esthetic rehabilitation of lower anterior teeth. The teeth (31, 32, 43) were tender on percussion. Radiographic evaluation showed the presence of periapical radiolucency. The root canal procedure was performed under local anaesthesia, and the supernumerary maxillary teeth were extracted. After cleaning and disinfecting, these teeth were used as biologic posts with respect to 32 and 33. A follow-up examination was performed after 12 months. The results of this case indicate that using autologous heterodontic biologic posts can lead to a favourable outcome., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, De et al.)