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1. Brainhack: Developing a culture of open, inclusive, community-driven neuroscience

Author

Gau, Rémi, Noble, Stephanie, Heuer, Katja, Bottenhorn, Katherine L, Bilgin, Isil P, Yang, Yu-Fang, Huntenburg, Julia M, Bayer, Johanna MM, Bethlehem, Richard AI, Rhoads, Shawn A, Vogelbacher, Christoph, Borghesani, Valentina, Levitis, Elizabeth, Wang, Hao-Ting, Van Den Bossche, Sofie, Kobeleva, Xenia, Legarreta, Jon Haitz, Guay, Samuel, Atay, Selim Melvin, Varoquaux, Gael P, Huijser, Dorien C, Sandström, Malin S, Herholz, Peer, Nastase, Samuel A, Badhwar, AmanPreet, Dumas, Guillaume, Schwab, Simon, Moia, Stefano, Dayan, Michael, Bassil, Yasmine, Brooks, Paula P, Mancini, Matteo, Shine, James M, O’Connor, David, Xie, Xihe, Poggiali, Davide, Friedrich, Patrick, Heinsfeld, Anibal S, Riedl, Lydia, Toro, Roberto, Caballero-Gaudes, César, Eklund, Anders, Garner, Kelly G, Nolan, Christopher R, Demeter, Damion V, Barrios, Fernando A, Merchant, Junaid S, McDevitt, Elizabeth A, Oostenveld, Robert, Craddock, R Cameron, Rokem, Ariel, Doyle, Andrew, Ghosh, Satrajit S, Nikolaidis, Aki, Stanley, Olivia W, Uruñuela, Eneko, Community, The Brainhack, Anousheh, Nasim, Arnatkeviciute, Aurina, Auzias, Guillaume, Bachar, Dipankar, Bannier, Elise, Basanisi, Ruggero, Basavaraj, Arshitha, Bedini, Marco, Bellec, Pierre, Benn, R Austin, Berluti, Kathryn, Bollmann, Steffen, Bollmann, Saskia, Bradley, Claire, Brown, Jesse, Buchweitz, Augusto, Callahan, Patrick, Chan, Micaela Y, Chandio, Bramsh Q, Cheng, Theresa, Chopra, Sidhant, Chung, Ai Wern, Close, Thomas G, Combrisson, Etienne, Cona, Giorgia, Constable, R Todd, Cury, Claire, Dadi, Kamalaker, Damasceno, Pablo F, Das, Samir, De Vico Fallani, Fabrizio, DeStasio, Krista, Dickie, Erin W, Dorfschmidt, Lena, Duff, Eugene P, DuPre, Elizabeth, Dziura, Sarah, Esper, Nathalia B, Esteban, Oscar, Fadnavis, Shreyas, Flandin, Guillaume, Flannery, Jessica E, and Flournoy, John

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Psychology, Communication, Congresses as Topic, Internet, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Brainhack Community, Brainhack, best practices, collaboration, community building, hackathon, inclusivity, neuroscience, open science, reproducibility, training, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biological psychology
Abstract

Brainhack is an innovative meeting format that promotes scientific collaboration and education in an open, inclusive environment. This NeuroView describes the myriad benefits for participants and the research community and how Brainhacks complement conventional formats to augment scientific progress.

Published
2021

2. Scanner Invariant Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation from MRI

Author

Aslani, Shahab, Murino, Vittorio, Dayan, Michael, Tam, Roger, Sona, Diego, and Hamarneh, Ghassan

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

This paper presents a simple and effective generalization method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation when data is collected from multiple MRI scanning sites and as a consequence is affected by (site-)domain shifts. We propose to integrate a traditional encoder-decoder network with a regularization network. This added network includes an auxiliary loss term which is responsible for the reduction of the domain shift problem and for the resulting improved generalization. The proposed method was evaluated on multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation from MRI data. We tested the proposed model on an in-house clinical dataset including 117 patients from 56 different scanning sites. In the experiments, our method showed better generalization performance than other baseline networks.

Published
2019

3. Multi-branch Convolutional Neural Network for Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation

Author

Aslani, Shahab, Dayan, Michael, Storelli, Loredana, Filippi, Massimo, Murino, Vittorio, Rocca, Maria A, and Sona, Diego

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

In this paper, we present an automated approach for segmenting multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions from multi-modal brain magnetic resonance images. Our method is based on a deep end-to-end 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) for slice-based segmentation of 3D volumetric data. The proposed CNN includes a multi-branch downsampling path, which enables the network to encode information from multiple modalities separately. Multi-scale feature fusion blocks are proposed to combine feature maps from different modalities at different stages of the network. Then, multi-scale feature upsampling blocks are introduced to upsize combined feature maps to leverage information from lesion shape and location. We trained and tested the proposed model using orthogonal plane orientations of each 3D modality to exploit the contextual information in all directions. The proposed pipeline is evaluated on two different datasets: a private dataset including 37 MS patients and a publicly available dataset known as the ISBI 2015 longitudinal MS lesion segmentation challenge dataset, consisting of 14 MS patients. Considering the ISBI challenge, at the time of submission, our method was amongst the top performing solutions. On the private dataset, using the same array of performance metrics as in the ISBI challenge, the proposed approach shows high improvements in MS lesion segmentation compared with other publicly available tools., Comment: This paper has been accepted for publication in NeuroImage

Published
2018
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4. Functional brain connectivity is predictable from anatomic network's Laplacian eigen-structure

Author

Abdelnour, Farras, Dayan, Michael, Devinsky, Orrin, Thesen, Thomas, and Raj, Ashish

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Neurosciences, Brain, Brain Mapping, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Eigen decomposition, Functional network, Graph theory, Laplacian, Networks, Structural network, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

How structural connectivity (SC) gives rise to functional connectivity (FC) is not fully understood. Here we mathematically derive a simple relationship between SC measured from diffusion tensor imaging, and FC from resting state fMRI. We establish that SC and FC are related via (structural) Laplacian spectra, whereby FC and SC share eigenvectors and their eigenvalues are exponentially related. This gives, for the first time, a simple and analytical relationship between the graph spectra of structural and functional networks. Laplacian eigenvectors are shown to be good predictors of functional eigenvectors and networks based on independent component analysis of functional time series. A small number of Laplacian eigenmodes are shown to be sufficient to reconstruct FC matrices, serving as basis functions. This approach is fast, and requires no time-consuming simulations. It was tested on two empirical SC/FC datasets, and was found to significantly outperform generative model simulations of coupled neural masses.

Published
2018

6. MRI Analysis of White Matter Myelin Water Content in Multiple Sclerosis: A Novel Approach Applied to Finding Correlates of Cortical Thinning

Author

Dayan, Michael, Rúa, Sandra M Hurtado, Monohan, Elizabeth, Fujimoto, Kyoko, Pandya, Sneha, LoCastro, Eve M, Vartanian, Tim, Nguyen, Thanh D, Raj, Ashish, and Gauthier, Susan A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Neurodegenerative, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological, RRMS, SPMS, cortical thickness, multiple sclerosis, myelin water fraction, white matter, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

A novel lesion-mask free method based on a gamma mixture model was applied to myelin water fraction (MWF) maps to estimate the association between cortical thickness and myelin content, and how it differs between relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) groups (135 and 23 patients, respectively). It was compared to an approach based on lesion masks. The gamma mixture distribution of whole brain, white matter (WM) MWF was characterized with three variables: the mode (most frequent value) m1 of the gamma component shown to relate to lesion, the mode m2 of the component shown to be associated with normal appearing (NA) WM, and the mixing ratio (λ) between the two distributions. The lesion-mask approach relied on the mean MWF within lesion and within NAWM. A multivariate regression analysis was carried out to find the best predictors of cortical thickness for each group and for each approach. The gamma-mixture method was shown to outperform the lesion-mask approach in terms of adjusted R2, both for the RRMS and SPMS groups. The predictors of the final gamma-mixture models were found to be m1 (β = 1.56, p < 0.005), λ (β = -0.30, p < 0.0005) and age (β = -0.0031, p < 0.005) for the RRMS group (adjusted R2 = 0.16), and m2 (β = 4.72, p < 0.0005) for the SPMS group (adjusted R2 = 0.45). Further, a DICE coefficient analysis demonstrated that the lesion mask had more overlap to an ROI associated with m1, than to an ROI associated with m2 (p < 0.00001), and vice versa for the NAWM mask (p < 0.00001). These results suggest that during the relapsing phase, focal WM damage is associated with cortical thinning, yet in SPMS patients, global WM deterioration has a much stronger influence on secondary degeneration. Through these findings, we demonstrate the potential contribution of myelin loss on neuronal degeneration at different disease stages and the usefulness of our statistical reduction technique which is not affected by the typical bias associated with approaches based on lesion masks.

Published
2017

7. Deep 2D Encoder-Decoder Convolutional Neural Network for Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation in Brain MRI

Author

Aslani, Shahab, Dayan, Michael, Murino, Vittorio, Sona, Diego, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Crimi, Alessandro, editor, Bakas, Spyridon, editor, Kuijf, Hugo, editor, Keyvan, Farahani, editor, Reyes, Mauricio, editor, and van Walsum, Theo, editor

Published
2019
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8. Profilometry: A new statistical framework for the characterization of white matter pathways, with application to multiple sclerosis

Author

Dayan, Michael, Monohan, Elizabeth, Pandya, Sneha, Kuceyeski, Amy, Nguyen, Thanh D, Raj, Ashish, and Gauthier, Susan A

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Biomedical Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Autoimmune Disease, Clinical Research, Neurodegenerative, Brain Disorders, Adult, Aging, Brain, Cohort Studies, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Discriminant Analysis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Neural Pathways, Sex Characteristics, White Matter, LDA, MANCOVA, diffusion MRI, multiple sclerosis, myelin water fraction, profilometry, tractography, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

Aimsdescribe a new "profilometry" framework for the multimetric analysis of white matter tracts, and demonstrate its application to multiple sclerosis (MS) with radial diffusivity (RD) and myelin water fraction (MWF).MethodsA cohort of 15 normal controls (NC) and 141 MS patients were imaged with T1, T2 FLAIR, T2 relaxometry and diffusion MRI (dMRI) sequences. T1 and T2 FLAIR allowed for the identification of patients having lesion(s) on the tracts studied, with a special focus on the forceps minor. T2 relaxometry provided MWF maps, while dMRI data yielded RD maps and the tractography required to compute MWF and RD tract profiles. The statistical framework combined a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) both accounting for age and gender, with multiple comparison corrections.ResultsIn the single-case case study the profilometry visualization showed a clear departure of MWF and RD from the NC normative data at the lesion location(s). Group comparison from MANCOVA demonstrated significant differences at lesion locations, and a significant age effect in several tracts. The follow-up LDA analysis suggested MWF better discriminates groups than RD.Discussion and conclusionWhile progress has been made in both tract-profiling and metrics for white matter characterization, no single framework for a joint analysis of multimodality tract profiles accounting for age and gender is known to exist. The profilometry analysis and visualization appears to be a promising method to compare groups using a single score from MANCOVA while assessing the contribution of each metric with LDA.

Published
2016

13. Signal-to-noise ratio estimates predict head motion presence in T1-weighted MRI

Author

Provins, Céline, primary, Schöttner, Mikkel, additional, Dayan, Michael, additional, Nastase, Vivi, additional, Lunde, Jenny, additional, Benach, Oriol Mãne, additional, MacNicol, Eilidh, additional, Savary, Elodie, additional, Seeley, Saren H., additional, Hagen, McKenzie Paige, additional, Zou, Yukai, additional, Hagmann, Patric, additional, and Esteban, Oscar, additional

Published
2023
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14. Brainhack: developing a culture of open, inclusive, community-driven neuroscience

Author

Gau, Remi, Noble, Stephanie, Heuer, Katja, Bottenhorn, Katherine, Bilgin, Isil, Yang, Yu-Fang, Huntenburg, Julia, Bayer, Johanna, Bethlehem, Richard, Rhoads, Shawn, Vogelbacher, Christoph, Borghesani, Valentina, Levitis, Elizabeth, Wang, Hao-Ting, Van Den Bossche, Sofie, Kobeleva, Xenia, Legarreta Gorroño, Jon Haitz, Guay, Samuel, ATAY, Melvin, Varoquaux, Gael, Huijser, Dorien, Sandström, Malin, Herholz, Peer, Nastase, Samuel, Badhwar, AmanPreet, Dumas, Guillaume, Schwab, Simon, Moia, Stefano, Dayan, Michael, Bassil, Yasmine, Brooks, Paula, Mancini, Matteo, Shine, James, O'Connor, David, Xie, Xihe, Poggiali, Davide, Friedrich, Patrick, Heinsfeld, Anibal, Riedl, Lydia, Toro, Roberto, Caballero-Gaudes, César, Eklund, Anders, Garner, Kelly, Nolan, Christopher, Demeter, Damion, Barrios, Fernando, Merchant, Junaid, McDevitt, Elizabeth, Oostenveld, Robert, Craddock, Cameron, Rokem, Ariel, Doyle, Andrew, Esper, Nathalia, Ghosh, Satrajit, Langs, Georg, Nikolaidis, Aki, Stanley, Olivia, Uruñuela, Eneko, Vohryzek, Jakub, and community, Brainhack

Subjects
neuroscience, inclusivity, training, hackathon, open science, best practices, Brainhack, reproducibility, collaboration, community building
Abstract

Brainhack is an innovative meeting format that promotes scientific collaboration and education in an open and inclusive environment. Departing from the formats of typical scientific workshops, these events are based on grassroots projects and training, and foster open and reproducible scientific practices. We describe here the multifaceted, lasting benefits of Brainhacks for individual participants, particularly early career researchers. We further highlight the unique contributions that Brainhacks can make to the research community, contributing to scientific progress by complementing opportunities available in conventional formats.

Published
2022
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15. Ten simple rules for good research practice [editorial]

Author

Schwab, Simon, Janiaud, Perrine, Dayan, Michael, Amrhein, Valentin, Panczak, Radoslaw, Palagi, Patricia M, Hemkens, Lars G, Ramon, Meike, Rothen, Nicolas, Senn, Stephen, Furrer, Eva, and Held, Leonhard

Subjects
360 Social problems & social services, 610 Medicine & health
Published
2022

16. Ten simple rules for good research practice

Author

Schwab, Simon, primary, Janiaud, Perrine, additional, Dayan, Michael, additional, Amrhein, Valentin, additional, Panczak, Radoslaw, additional, Palagi, Patricia M., additional, Hemkens, Lars G., additional, Ramon, Meike, additional, Rothen, Nicolas, additional, Senn, Stephen, additional, Furrer, Eva, additional, and Held, Leonhard, additional

Published
2022
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17. Ten simple rules for good research practice

Author

Schwab, Simon, Janiaud, Perrine, Dayan, Michael, Amrhein, Valentin, Panczak, Radoslaw, Palagi, Patricia M, Hemkens, Lars G, Ramon, Meike, Rothen, Nicolas, Senn, Stephen, Furrer, Eva, Held, Leonhard, University of Zurich, and Schwab, Simon

Subjects
Biomedical Research, Ecology, 2804 Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 610 Medicine & health, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 1311 Genetics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation, 1312 Molecular Biology, Genetics, Humans, 2303 Ecology, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 360 Social problems & social services, 2611 Modeling and Simulation, 1703 Computational Theory and Mathematics
Abstract

This paper aims to provide early-career researchers with a useful introduction to good research practices.

Published
2022
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19. Courts consider the efficacy of section 16 blocker provisions in convertible instruments

Author

Silverman, Leslie N., Kohn, Arthur H., and Dayan, Michael D.

Subjects
Disgorgement (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Convertible securities -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, general, Business, Law, Roth v. Solus Alternative Asset Management L.P. (No. 14cv9571 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 20, 2015)) (No. 14-CV-9571 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 20, 2015)), Greenberg v. Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. (No. 14cv5226 (S.D.N.Y. May 12, 2015)) (No. 14-CV-5226 (S.D.N.Y. May 12, 2015)), Securities Exchange Act
Abstract

In two unrelated cases that turned on the efficacy blocker provisions or conversion caps for purposes of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act), the U.S. [...]

Published
2016

22. Ten simple rules in good research practice for early career researchers

Author

Schwab, Simon, primary, Janiaud, Perrine, additional, Dayan, Michael, additional, Amrhein, Valentin, additional, Panczak, Radoslaw, additional, Palagi, Patricia M., additional, Hemkens, Lars G., additional, Ramon, Meike, additional, Rothen, Nicolas, additional, Senn, Stephen, additional, Furrer, Eva, additional, and Held, Leonhard, additional

Published
2021
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23. Second Circuit decision clarifies framework for treatment of prepaid variable forward contracts under section 16

Author

Silverman, Leslie N., Kohn, Arthur H., Dayan, Michael D., and Swope, Kristal L.

Subjects
Bright line rules -- Analysis -- Evaluation, Derivatives (Financial instruments) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Strict liability -- Laws, regulations and rules, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, general, Business, Law, Chechele v. Sperling (758 F.3d 463 (2d Cir. 2014)), Securities Exchange Act 15 U.S.C. 78p(a)(1)
Abstract

A 2014 Second Circuit decision addresses the application of the short-swing profit provision in Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to prepaid variable forward contracts. It should [...]

Published
2015

25. Unravelling the Neural Basis of Spatial Delusions After Stroke

Author

Thiebaut De Schotten, Michel, Noble, Stephanie, Heuer, Katja, Bottenhorn, Katherine, Bilgin, Isil, Yang, Yu-Fang, Huntenburg, Julia, Bayer, Johanna M.M., Bethlehem, Richard A.I., Rhoads, Shawn, Vogelbacher, Christoph, Borghesani, Valentina, Levitis, Elizabeth, Wang, Hao-Ting, Van Den Bossche, Sofie, Kobeleva, Xenia, Legarreta, Jon Haitz, Guay, Samuel, Atay, Selim Melvin, Varoquaux, Gael, Huijser, Dorien, Sandström, Malin, Herholz, Peer, Nastase, Samuel, Badhwar, AmanPreet, Dumas, Guillaume, Schwab, Simon, Moia, Stefano, Dayan, Michael, Bassil, Yasmine, Brooks, Paula, Mancini, Matteo, Shine, James, O’Connor, David, Xie, Xihe, Poggiali, Davide, Friedrich, Patrick, Heinsfeld, Anibal, Riedl, Lydia, Toro, Roberto, Caballero-Gaudes, César, Eklund, Anders, Garner, Kelly, Nolan, Christopher, Demeter, Damion, Barrios, Fernando, Merchant, Junaid, McDevitt, Elizabeth, Oostenveld, Robert, Craddock, R. Cameron, Rokem, Ariel, Doyle, Andrew, Ghosh, Satrajit, Nikolaidis, Aki, Stanley, Olivia, Uruñuela, Eneko, Anousheh, Nasim, Arnatkeviciute, Aurina, Auzias, Guillaume, Bachar, Dipankar, Bannier, Elise, Basanisi, Ruggero, Basavaraj, Arshitha, Bedini, Marco, Bellec, Pierre, Benn, R. Austin, Berluti, Kathryn, Bollmann, Steffen, Bollmann, Saskia, Bradley, Claire, Brown, Jesse, Buchweitz, Augusto, Callahan, Patrick, Chan, Micaela, Chandio, Bramsh, Cheng, Theresa, Chopra, Sidhant, Chung, Ai Wern, Close, Thomas, Combrisson, Etienne, Cona, Giorgia, Constable, R. Todd, Cury, Claire, Dadi, Kamalaker, Damasceno, Pablo, Das, Samir, De Vico Fallani, Fabrizio, DeStasio, Krista, Dickie, Erin, Dorfschmidt, Lena, Duff, Eugene, Dupre, Elizabeth, Dziura, Sarah, Esper, Nathalia, Esteban, Oscar, Fadnavis, Shreyas, Flandin, Guillaume, Flannery, Jessica, Flournoy, John, Franco, Alexandre, Ganesan, Saampras, Gao, Siyuan, García Alanis, José, Garyfallidis, Eleftherios, Glatard, Tristan, Glerean, Enrico, Gonzalez-Castillo, Javier, Gould van Praag, Cassandra, Greene, Abigail, Gupta, Geetika, Hahn, Catherine Alice, Halchenko, Yaroslav, Handwerker, Daniel, Hartmann, Thomas, Hayot-Sasson, Valérie, Heunis, Stephan, Hoffstaedter, Felix, Hohmann, Daniela, Horien, Corey, Ioanas, Horea-Ioan, Iordan, Alexandru, Jiang, Chao, Joseph, Michael, Kai, Jason, Karakuzu, Agah, KENNEDY, David, Keshavan, Anisha, Khan, Ali, Kiar, Gregory, Klink, P. Christiaan, Koppelmans, Vincent, Koudoro, Serge, Laird, Angela, Langs, Georg, Laws, Marissa, Licandro, Roxane, Liew, Sook-Lei, Lipic, Tomislav, Litinas, Krisanne, Lurie, Daniel, Lussier, Désirée, Madan, Christopher, Mais, Lea-Theresa, Mansour L, Sina, Manzano-Patron, J.P., Maoutsa, Dimitra, Marcon, Matheus, Margulies, Daniel, Marinato, Giorgio, Marinazzo, Daniele, Markiewicz, Christopher, Meneguzzi, Felipe, Meunier, David, Milham, Michael, Mills, Kathryn, Momi, Davide, Moreau, Clara, Motala, Aysha, Moxon-Emre, Iska, Nichols, Thomas, Nielson, Dylan, Nilsonne, Gustav, Novello, Lisa, O’Brien, Caroline, Olafson, Emily, Oliver, Lindsay, Onofrey, John, Orchard, Edwina, Oudyk, Kendra, Park, Patrick, Parsapoor, Mahboobeh, Pasquini, Lorenzo, Peltier, Scott, Pernet, Cyril, Pienaar, Rudolph, Pinheiro-Chagas, Pedro, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Qiu, Anqi, Quendera, Tiago, Rice, Laura, Rocha-Hidalgo, Joscelin, Rutherford, Saige, Scharinger, Mathias, Scheinost, Dustin, Shariq, Deena, Shaw, Thomas, Siless, Viviana, Simmonite, Molly, Sirmpilatze, Nikoloz, Spence, Hayli, Sprenger, Julia, Stajduhar, Andrija, Szinte, Martin, Takerkart, Sylvain, Tam, Angela, Tejavibulya, Link, Thome, Ina, Tomaz da Silva, Laura, Traut, Nicolas, Uddin, Lucina, Vallesi, Antonino, VanMeter, John, Vijayakumar, Nandita, di Oleggio Castello, Matteo Visconti, Vohryzek, Jakub, Vukojević, Jakša, Whitaker, Kirstie Jane, Whitmore, Lucy, Wideman, Steve, Witt, Suzanne, Xie, Hua, Xu, Ting, Yan, Chao-Gan, Yeh, Fang-Cheng, Yeo, B.T. Thomas, Zuo, Xi-Nian, Alves, Pedro, Fonseca, Ana, Silva, Daniela, Andrade, Matilde, Pinho‐e‐Melo, Teresa, Martins, Isabel, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Support Vector Machine, Reduplicative paramnesia, Audiology, Logistic regression, Delusions, 03 medical and health sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Functional disconnection, Prospective Studies, Stroke, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Mapping, business.industry, Anosognosia, Confounding, 16. Peace & justice, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Case-Control Studies, Female, Neurology (clinical), Disconnection, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

© 2021 American Neurological Association, Objective: Knowing explicitly where we are is an interpretation of our spatial representations. Reduplicative paramnesia is a disrupting syndrome in which patients present a firm belief of spatial mislocation. Here, we studied the largest sample of patients with delusional misidentifications of space (i.e. reduplicative paramnesia) after stroke to shed light on their neurobiology. Methods: In a prospective, cumulative, case-control study, we screened 400 patients with acute right-hemispheric stroke. We included 64 cases and 233 controls. First, lesions were delimited and normalized. Then, we computed structural and functional disconnection maps using methods of lesion-track and network-mapping. The maps were compared, controlling for confounders. Second, we built a multivariate logistic model including clinical, behavioural and neuroimaging data. Finally, we performed a nested cross-validation of the model with a support-vector machine analysis. Results: The most frequent misidentification subtype was confabulatory mislocation (56%), followed by place reduplication (19%) and chimeric assimilation (13%). Our results indicate that structural disconnection is the strongest predictor of the syndrome and included two distinct streams, connecting right fronto-thalamic and right occipito-temporal structures. In the multivariate model, the independent predictors of reduplicative paramnesia were the structural disconnection map, lesion sparing of right dorsal fronto-parietal regions, age and anosognosia. Good discrimination accuracy was demonstrated (area under the curve = 0.80[0.75-0.85]). Interpretation: Our results localize the anatomical circuits that may have a role in the abnormal spatial-emotional binding and in the defective updating of spatial representations underlying reduplicative paramnesia. This novel data may contribute to better understand the pathophysiology of delusional syndromes after stroke., The authors acknowledge our colleagues from the Department of Neurology and from the Language Research Laboratory for their contribution to patient screening. This work received funding from “PRÉMIO JOÃO LOBO ANTUNES” – SCML (grant to P.N.A.), from “Bolsa de Investigação em Doenças Vasculares Cerebrais 2017”–SPAVC (grant to P.N.A.) and from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 818521 to M.T.S.).“Data were provided in part bythe Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium(Principal Investigators: David Van Essen and KamilUgurbil; 1U54 MH091657) funded by the 16 NIH Institutes and Centers that support the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research; and by the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University.

Published
2021

29. SEC adopts amendments to rules 144 and 145.

Author

Silverman, Leslie N., Beller, Alan L., Dayan, Michael D., and Small, James D.

Subjects
Investment bankers -- Laws, regulations and rules, Disclosure (Securities law) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation
Published
2008

33. Second Circuit section 16 decision creates uncertainties in certain 'group' situations.

Author

Silverman, Leslie N., Kohn, Arthur H., Dayan, Michael D., and Alcock, Mary E.

Subjects
Disgorgement (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Stockholders' derivative actions -- Laws, regulations and rules, Insider trading in securities -- Laws, regulations and rules, Roth v. Jennings (2007 WL 1629889 (2d Cir. June 6, 2007)), Government regulation, Securities Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78p)
Abstract

A recent decision of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, in the case of Roth v. Jennings, (1) creates potentially significant new uncertainties for persons who may be deemed to [...]

Published
2007

48. Consensus between Pipelines in Structural Brain Networks

Author

Parker, Christopher S., primary, Deligianni, Fani, additional, Cardoso, M. Jorge, additional, Daga, Pankaj, additional, Modat, Marc, additional, Dayan, Michael, additional, Clark, Chris A., additional, Ourselin, Sebastien, additional, and Clayden, Jonathan D., additional

Published
2014
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