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The study investigated the cortical activity changes and time production task performance induced by changes in motion speed of a non-immersive 3D virtual stimulus.Twenty-one individuals were participated in the crossover study with the visual-time reproduction task under three-speed conditions: original, slow and fast virtual stimulus. In addition, the electroencephalographic analysis of the theta band power in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was done simultaneously with time production task execution.The results demonstrated that in the slow speed condition, there is an increase in the error in the time production task after virtual reality (We propose that the modulations of speed of virtual stimulus may underlie the accumulation of temporal pulses, which could be responsible for changes in the performance of the production task of the time intervals and a substantial increase in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity related to attention and memory, acting in cognitive domains of supraseconds.

Background: Molecules, bearing an active methylene bridge, are deemed to be one of the most fruitful and remarkable precursors that have been incorporated in the synthetic strategy of an assortment of bioactive compounds. Objective: The reactive methylene derivatives have been endowed with multiple reactions, which target biological and medicinal applications and are resultant from their structural multiplicity and discrete reactivity. Methods: The present report endeavors to synthesize, characterize, and in-vitro evaluate several novel propanoic acid, coumarin, and pyrazole derivatives as antimicrobial and antiproliferative agents. The in-silico molecular docking, physicochemical, pharmacokinetic/ADMET, bioactivity, and drug likeness predictions were conducted for all the synthesized compounds. Results: The highest docking score is -9.9 and -8.3 kcal/mol respectively for compound 9 (azo-coumarin) and 13 (acrylic acid derivative) with the target proteins E. coli topoisomerase II, DNA gyrase subunit B and PI3K p110α domain, respectively. Moreover, this study predicts the synthesized molecules that may inhibit the novel COVID-19, obtained through virtual screenings only, where compounds 9, 13, 14, 17, and 19 came to the limelight with good docking scores i.e more than 8 Kcal/mol. Safety profiling of the most potent compound 9 was utilized against normal cell line and hemolytic effect on RBCs. Conclusion: The in-silico ADMET studies of the synthesized compounds revealed moderate to good drug likeness, high gastro intestinal (GI) absorption, inhibits the Cytochrome CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 and all the derivatives possess non-cancerous nature. The in-vitro screening demonstrated that several of the novel molecules are promising drug candidates. The density function theory (DFT) theoretical calculations were performed to calculate the energy levels of the FMOs and their energy gabs, dipole moment as well as the molecular electrostatic potential. Such parameters along with the physicochemical parameters could be good tool to confirm the biological activity.

Stabilization of silicene and preservation of its structural and electronic properties are essential for its processing and future integration into devices. The stacking of silicene on stanene, creat- ing a Xene-based heterostructure, proves to be a viable new route in this respect. Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of a stanene layer in breaking the strong interaction between silicene and the Ag(111) substrate. The role of stanene as a ‘buffer’ layer is investi- gated by analyzing the optical response of epitaxial silicene through both power-dependent Raman spectroscopy and reflectivity mea- surements in the near infrared (NIR)–ultraviolet (UV) spectral range. Finally, we point out a Xene-induced shift of the silver plasma edge that paves the way for the development of a new approach to engineering the metal plasmonic response.

This study investigated whether time-estimation task exposure influences the severity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as theta band activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.Twenty-two patients with ADHD participated in a crossover experiment with a visual time-estimation task under control conditions (without exposure to time estimation tasks) and experimental (thirty days exposure to time-estimation tasks) in association with electroencephalographic analysis of theta band.ADHD patients with thirty days of time-estimation task exposure presented a worse performance of the time-estimation task, as revealed by the measurements of the absolute error and relative error (We propose that the decrease in EEG theta power may indicate an efficient accumulation of temporal pulses, which could be responsible for the improvement in the patient cognitive aspects as demonstrated by the current study. Time-estimation task improves ADHD cognitive symptoms, with a substantial increase in cortical areas activity related to attention and memory, suggesting its use as a tool for cognitive timing function management and non-invasive therapeutic aid in ADHD.

Several studies have demonstrated that stroke subjects present impairment of functions related to decision-making and timing, involving the information processing in the neural circuits of the cerebellum in association with the prefrontal cortex. This review is aimed to identify the gaps, and demonstrate a better understanding of decision-making and timing functions in the patients with stroke. Electronic literature database was searched and the findings of relevant studies were used to explore the mechanisms of decision-making and timing in patients with stroke, as well as the circuit connections in timing mediated by prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. A literature review was conducted with 65 studies that synthesized findings on decision-making and time perception in individuals with stroke. Types of neurobiological modalities in this study included: Relationships among decision-making, time perception, related cognitive aspects (such as discrimination tasks, verbal estimation, bisection tasks, time production and motor reproduction), and motor control. We demonstrate that the timing processes are important for the performance in cognitive tasks and that the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex are involved in decision-making and time perception. In the context, the decision-making is impaired in stroke patients has a great impact on executive functions, and this seems to be important in determining neurobiological aspects relevant to the time interval interpretation.

Integrating self-catalyzed InAs nanowires on Si(111) is an important step toward building vertical gate-all-around transistors. The complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility and the nanowire aspect ratio are two crucial parameters to consider. In this work, we optimize the InAs nanowire morphology by changing the growth mode from Vapor–Solid to Vapor–Liquid–Solid in a CMOS compatible process. We study the key role of the Hydrogen surface preparation on nanowire growths and bound it to a change of the chemical potential and adatoms diffusion length on the substrate. We transfer the optimized process to patterned wafers and adapt both the surface preparation and the growth conditions. Once group III and V fluxes are balances, aspect ratio can be improved by increasing the system kinetics. Overall, we propose a method for large scale integration of CMOS compatible InAs nanowire on silicon and highlight the major role of kinetics on the growth mechanism.