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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, there has been an increasing trend of entrusting the elderly to nursing homes, thus providing a suitable space that meets their physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs has become necessary. The nursing homes is the first and simplest solution that can be considered for such individuals. However, considering the characteristics and temperament of this group, it is necessary to define a model that can meet the elderly's spiritual and physical needs, alongside maintaining their normal life, in the home of their hopes and memories. Therefore, there is a need for a model that defines a new space in accordance with the psychological and physical conditions of the elderly and can replace previous methods in order to improve the mood of the elderly. The design of elderly homes, and certainly the creation of suitable decoration for them, should match the global standards. The concept of an elderly village is another model that has been introduced and implemented for the elderly in the West. In this model, housing units have been designed for the elderly to live alone or with their families. Basic and necessary services for the elderly are available in proximity and neighboring the housing units. These places will have a positive impact on creating a sense of usefulness, increasing hope in life, and uplifting the mood of the elderly. The elderly have the autonomy to use these facilities and they fulfill their needs, such as suitable spaces for exercise and recreation, socializing with peers, preserving their dignity, and creating conditions for their independence during leisure time. They also provide counseling, teach necessary techniques for the elderly's lives and more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Staff caregivers of day care centers provide many activities for older people. However, there is a lack of a systematic curriculum based on Taiwanese culture to improve cognitive function, self-care ability, and depressive mood status in these individuals. Purpose: This study was designed to test the effectiveness of a series of localized cognitive stimulation training courses implemented by direct caregivers and aimed at improving cognitive function, self-care ability, and depressive mood in older people at day care centers. Methods: This cluster-randomized controlled trial research was conducted over a four-month period. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental, comparison, or control groups based on their day care center affiliation. The experimental group received a series of localized cognitive stimulation training sessions with musical rhythm courses from day care center direct caregivers. The cognitive function, self-care ability, and depression mood state of the three groups were then tested. Results: The experimental group reported statistically significant changes in average scores for attention, feeding, and depressive mood. After controlling for time and degree of participation in activities, the comparison group reported a lower average score for cognitive function at timepoint 3. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The results of this study support caregivers at day care centers implementing a series of localized cognitive stimulation training course interventions to prevent declines in activities of daily living and cognitive function and ameliorate depressive mood in older adults. In the future, a larger sample size should be used to improve the effectiveness of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive choirs promote social inclusion by providing the opportunity for persons living with dementia, caregivers and volunteers to sing together as equals. The aim of this qualitative study is to present the development of an inclusive choir in a day care center through rehearsal process and the feedback from the participants. Twelve persons living with dementia, four staff members and one volunteer participated in fourteen rehearsals led by a choirmaster, leading up to a concert with Christmas-themed songs. Persons living with dementia showed confidence, enjoyment, consistency and learning contributing to their empowerment and engagement throughout the study. Regarding volunteers, a shift from stigma associated with negative representations about dementia to social inclusion were observed. Care staff were point of reference for persons living with dementia and as the study progressed, they moved from the position of carers to singing partners. For all participants, a group cohesion and a sense of being connected developed. Such approaches contribute to raise awareness of dementia and reducing the stigma associated and to promote social inclusion of persons living with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has majorly affected all segments of society from a medical, economic, psychological, and relational standpoint. Social work, and especially that for children, was one of the most requested fields, which had to find quick and efficient solutions for providing services to beneficiaries, simultaneously with the prevention of infection with the coronavirus. The purpose of the present study is to describe the psychological impact of the pandemic, as well as the consequences regarding the effectiveness of the services offered in a day care center for children with disabilities in Pitești, Argeș county. Information, which was collected through the interview method and through studying social documents, allowed us to understand the psycho-social mechanisms more deeply (coping, resilience etc.) as well as the solutions that were implemented for the center to continue to function normally. The study demonstrated that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was very strong in terms of the physical and mental state as well as the professional activity of the employed staff, and some effects are still present until today. However, the management and employees of the center have also implemented effective solutions to minimize the negative impact of the pandemic and to be able to continue providing services to children with disabilities, safely and with professionalism [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a research that aimed to identify the understandings of the teachers and manager regarding the listening and participation of three-year-old children in the institutional self-assessment of the day care center and the impact of these voices on their practices. This is a case study, whose methodological procedures were: analysis of the Political-Pedagogical Project, reflective record of the coordinator and the use of letters. The theoretical framework dialogued with studies the sociology and pedagogy of childhood, as well as the laws that regulate and guide work in Early Childhood Education. Data analysis revealed that the children's participation enabled their recognition as subjects of rights, including the right to speak and to participate. It allowed the teachers and administrators to assume listening as a way of life and the day care center as a social and cultural space where children have the opportunity to live their childhoods democratically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Olhares: Revista Electronica do Departmento de Educacao da UNIFESP is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Adult day care centers (ADCCs) are a common service provided for frail older adults in the community. We examined the influence of older adults’ utilization of ADCC’s on their quality of life (QoL), and whether ethno-regional disparities are factors in the gaps found concerning QoL in different regions and between different ethnic groups. Methods Cross sectional data were collected through structured interviews with 360 older adults attending ADCCs. Participants represented three ethnic groups and three regions in Israel. QoL was assessed by SF-36 questionnaire. Results The results revealed a positive correlation between weekly hours at the ADCC, satisfaction with attending ADCC, and QoL. Older adults living in the central region had higher QoL than those living in the southern and northern regions. Veteran Israeli Jews reported higher QoL than FSU immigrants Israeli Arabs in all regions. Connection to one’s residential area was also correlated with QoL. A significant moderating effect of the interaction (ethnicity*area of residence) on QoL was also revealed. Conclusions Attending ADCC is a vital community services to promote QoL in later life. Gaps in ADCC utilization between ethnic groups and residential region may cause disparities in QoL, specifically, in minority groups and those living in peripheral regions. Service providers should minimize the disparities by improving accessibility and availability for each person regardless of ethnicity and region of residence.

The emergence of day care centers is linked to a historical context, in Brazil the new perspectives for this field of education are related to the issue of initial and continuous teacher education, in the articulation between educating and caring. Analyzing how teachers, school development assistants (ADE) and managers understand the realization of pedagogical practice and care in the education of children from zero to two years, is the focus of this investigation. Who used qualitative research, sampling and data collection in interviews and workshops with managers, teachers and school development assistants - who provide care in the municipal education units of the city surveyed. It was captured that in the process of working with the children we seek the articulation of educating and caring, the teacher plans and conducts the pedagogical process and the ADE performs care. There are divergences in the conception of caring and educating between families and school professionals; difficulties with the number of children per room, in view of meeting the needs of children; problems with infrastructure for both care and the educational process; little or no time for vocational training activities. The professionals proposed strategies to bring families closer to school and time needed for continuing education. During the investigation, it was perceived the limit of not having the view of the family, which may be the object of future research, with an expansion of the understanding of the problems and situations experienced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adult day care centers (ADCCs) are a common service provided for frail older adults in the community. We examined the influence of older adults' utilization of ADCC's on their quality of life (QoL), and whether ethno-regional disparities are factors in the gaps found concerning QoL in different regions and between different ethnic groups.Methods: Cross sectional data were collected through structured interviews with 360 older adults attending ADCCs. Participants represented three ethnic groups and three regions in Israel. QoL was assessed by SF-36 questionnaire.Results: The results revealed a positive correlation between weekly hours at the ADCC, satisfaction with attending ADCC, and QoL. Older adults living in the central region had higher QoL than those living in the southern and northern regions. Veteran Israeli Jews reported higher QoL than FSU immigrants Israeli Arabs in all regions. Connection to one's residential area was also correlated with QoL. A significant moderating effect of the interaction (ethnicity*area of residence) on QoL was also revealed.Conclusions: Attending ADCC is a vital community services to promote QoL in later life. Gaps in ADCC utilization between ethnic groups and residential region may cause disparities in QoL, specifically, in minority groups and those living in peripheral regions. Service providers should minimize the disparities by improving accessibility and availability for each person regardless of ethnicity and region of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The major population vulnerable to hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is children aged less than 5 years, particularly those who are cared for at day care centers (DCCs). This study aimed to assess the associations of environmental and sanitation factors with high HFMD occurrence rates in DCCs of northern Thailand. Methods A case-control study was used to gather information from caregivers and local government administrative officers. DCCs in areas with high and low HFMD occurrence rates were the settings for this study. A validated questionnaire was used to collect environmental and sanitation information from the DCCs. In-depth interviews were used to collect information from selected participants who were working at DCCs and from local government administrative officers on the HFMD capacity and prevention and control strategies in DCCs. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations between many environmental factors and HFMD at the α = 0.05 significance level while the content analysis was used to extract information from the interviews. Results Two variables were found to be associated with a high rate of HFMD occurrence: the number of sinks available in restrooms and the DCC size. Children attending DCCs that did not meet the standard in terms of the number of sinks in restrooms had a greater chance of contracting HFMD than children who were attending DCCs that met the standard (AOR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.13–15.04). Children who were attending a large-sized DCC had a greater chance of contracting HFMD than those attending a small-sized DCC (AOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.21–5.18). The yearly budget allocation and the strategies for HFMD control and prevention, including collaborations among stakeholders for HFMD control and prevention in DCCs, were associated with the effectiveness of HFMD control and prevention. Conclusions The number of sinks in restrooms and DCC size are major concerns for HFMD outbreaks. Sufficient budget allocation and good collaboration contribute to effective strategies for preventing and controlling HFMD in DCCs.

Introduction: Until today, the role of children in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and the development of the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be dynamic and is not finally resolved. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in child day care centers and connected households as well as transmission-related indicators and clinical symptoms among children and adults.Methods and Analysis: COALA (“Corona outbreak-related examinations in day care centers”) is a day care center- and household-based study with a case-ascertained study design. Based on day care centers with at least one reported case of SARS-CoV-2, we include one- to six-year-old children and staff of the affected group in the day care center as well as their respective households. We visit each child's and adult's household. During the home visit we take from each household member a combined mouth and nose swab as well as a saliva sample for analysis of SARS-CoV-2-RNA by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) and a capillary blood sample for a retrospective assessment of an earlier SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, information on health status, socio-demographics and COVID-19 protective measures are collected via a short telephone interview in the subsequent days. In the following 12 days, household members (or parents for their children) self-collect the same respiratory samples as described above every 3 days and a stool sample for children once. COVID-19 symptoms are documented daily in a symptom diary. Approximately 35 days after testing the index case, every participant who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the study is re-visited at home for another capillary blood sample and a standardized interview. The analysis includes secondary attack rates, by age of primary case, both in the day care center and in households, as well as viral shedding dynamics, including the beginning of shedding relative to symptom onset and viral clearance.Discussion: The results contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiological and virological transmission-related indicators of SARS-CoV-2 among young children, as compared to adults and the interplay between day care and households.

In this multicenter survey (July 07 to August 08, 2020) in pediatric oncology centers (POCs) belonging to the German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH), 36 POCs participated (response rate 70.6%). Home schooling practice was judged as satisfying by 79% prior to and by 38% during the pandemic (=0.0007). The individual risk of a SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of transmission to other patients/caregivers were arguments against attendance. Most POCs recommended regular social participation/school attendance after the end of intensive therapy. 81% stated that persisting restrictions result in serious negative psychosocial consequences for the patients and their families. In-hospital school education, home schooling and re-attendance of school and kindergarten among pediatric cancer patients have suffered a severe setback during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Continuous communication and education concerning protective measures as well as an individual risk assessment are required to avoid the detrimental exclusion of pediatric oncology patients from kindergarten and school.

Copyright of Journal of Social Policy Studies / Sosyal Politika Çalismalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Studies / Sosyal Politika Calismalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kingella kingae (Kk) is frequently responsible for invasive skeletal infections in children aged 3–36 months. However, few outbreaks of invasive Kk infections in day care centers have been reported. The objective of the present study was to describe (a) the clinical and laboratory data recorded during an outbreak of invasive Kk skeletal infections, and (b) the management of the outbreak. Four children from the same day care center were included in the study May and June 2019. We retrospectively analyzed the children's clinical presentation and their radiological and laboratory data. We also identified all the disease control measures taken in the day care center. We observed cases of septic arthritis of the wrist (case #1), shoulder arthritis (case #2), knee arthritis (case #3) ans cervical spondylodiscitis (case #4). All cases presented with an oropharyngeal infection and concomitant fever prior to diagnosis of the skeletal infection. All cases were misdiagnosed at the initial presentation. The mean (range) age at diagnosis was 10.75 months (9–12). The three patients with arthritis received surgical treatment. All patients received intravenous and then oral antibiotics. In cases 1 and 2, Kk was detected using real-time PCR and a ST25- rtxA 1 clone was identified. The outcome was good in all four cases. Four other children in the day care center presented with scabies during this period and were treated with systemic ivermectin. The Regional Health Agency was informed, and all the parents of children attending the day care center received an information letter. The day care center was cleaned extensively. Our results highlight the variety of features of invasive skeletal Kk infections in children and (given the high risk of transmission in day care centers) the importance of diagnosing cases as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is crucial and has a large-scale impact on worldwide healthcare systems in terms of expenses especially in the population of young children. Methods: A community-based, case-control study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of HFMD among children in day care centers (DCC). The study was conducted in three provinces in Northern Thailand including Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, and Pha Yao. DCC and study samples were selected by a simple random method. A validated questionnaire was developed and used for collecting data after an index of item-objective congruence (IOC) method has been used to improve the quality of the questionnaire and piloted. Logistic regression was used to detect the associations between variables at the alpha =0.05. Results: In total, 1,022 subjects were recruited into the analysis. Regarding parents’ characteristics, 77.3% of the subjects were female, the average age was 33.9 years, 85.3% were married and 92.2% were Buddhist, 30.4% earned 5,001- 10,000 baht a month, and 50.1% had 1-3 family members. 17.9% had a low level of knowledge, 49.3% had a neutral attitude, and 96.7% had good practice for HFMD prevention and control. 34.2% of the children were aged ≤ 2 years, 54.9% were male, 50.4% were overweight and 21.1% had been breastfed. Three associated factors were found statistically significant with the occurrence of HFMD; children aged ≤ 2 years (OR=7.05, 95%CI=3.25–15.28), the number of household members (OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.04–1.97), and parents’ knowledge (OR=2.35, 95C%= 1.47–3.77). Conclusion: Improving knowledge of HFMD among the parents, particularly those having many household numbers, is essential in order to reduce the incidence of the disease.

Design/methodology/approach - A qualitative method was used to extract information from 48 informants from two different areas; high and low epidemic areas of HFMD. Question guidelines were developed from literature review and viewed by three external experts in the field before use. Interviews took place in a private and confidential room. Each interview lasted approximately 50 minutes. Findings - There are no policies regarding HFMD control in both high and low epidemic areas of HFMD. The staff at sub-district local government level did not have the necessary qualifications for HFMD control. Additionally, staff were not stable, and there was a lack of a disease control team. Antiseptics for cleaning day care centers (DCC) were not effective for disease control; most DCC use Dettol®, soap, dishwashing liquid, detergent and water for cleaning the environment. These antiseptics do not include chlorine making it ineffective in destroying the virus. Originality/value - The sub-district local government should be concerned about HFMD control; the staff should have the necessary qualifications suitable for disease control. Standard and practical HFMD control guideline should be set up and used in DCC.

Background: The major population vulnerable to hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is children aged less than 5 years, particularly those who are cared for at day care centers (DCCs). This study aimed to assess the associations of environmental and sanitation factors with high HFMD occurrence rates in DCCs of northern Thailand.Methods: A case-control study was used to gather information from caregivers and local government administrative officers. DCCs in areas with high and low HFMD occurrence rates were the settings for this study. A validated questionnaire was used to collect environmental and sanitation information from the DCCs. In-depth interviews were used to collect information from selected participants who were working at DCCs and from local government administrative officers on the HFMD capacity and prevention and control strategies in DCCs. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations between many environmental factors and HFMD at the α = 0.05 significance level while the content analysis was used to extract information from the interviews.Results: Two variables were found to be associated with a high rate of HFMD occurrence: the number of sinks available in restrooms and the DCC size. Children attending DCCs that did not meet the standard in terms of the number of sinks in restrooms had a greater chance of contracting HFMD than children who were attending DCCs that met the standard (AOR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.13-15.04). Children who were attending a large-sized DCC had a greater chance of contracting HFMD than those attending a small-sized DCC (AOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.21-5.18). The yearly budget allocation and the strategies for HFMD control and prevention, including collaborations among stakeholders for HFMD control and prevention in DCCs, were associated with the effectiveness of HFMD control and prevention.Conclusions: The number of sinks in restrooms and DCC size are major concerns for HFMD outbreaks. Sufficient budget allocation and good collaboration contribute to effective strategies for preventing and controlling HFMD in DCCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to population aging worldwide, it is important for Health Care Systems to design new services fostering Active Aging dimensions (e.g., physical health, psychological well-being, social engagement, and lifelong learning). The aim of this pilot study was to develop new services fostering Active Aging dimensions by means of a 12-month green care informal learning program targeting 112 individuals among community-dwelling older people and day care center users. The impact of the intervention was assessed through three rounds of focus groups. Individuals' perception of the training benefits depended on their health and social condition at baseline. The program improved the social participation and learning attitudes of community-dwelling older people and the perceived well-being and health of day care center users. Green care activities triggered an Active Aging virtuous spiral where learning new practical and relational competencies helped older people recognize their value. Thus, it is recommendable to include green care therapy within the practice of services for older people, especially day care centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to identify a potential user’s need for use and operational of the elderly day care center and to identify the problems and suggest development directions. The data collection was conducted on 320 ordinary people living in J-do through a questionnaire, and sought to understand the operational status of in-depth interview institutions for the heads and employees of six center. As a result of the analysis, a potential user’s ware not aware of the functions and specific roles of day care center, the cost of facilities was covered by the government, and that facilities and the environment were important factors when using the center. In-depth interviews show that the current policy or system is far from reality and does not fit the status or role of the workers and the operational status of the agency, requiring the re-establishment of the on-site system. Based on the research results, the development direction of day care facilities requires active promotion and strengthening of family support for improving and enhancing awareness of day care facilities to citizens at the national level. Second, the quality of nursing services should be enhanced through improvements in facilities and the environment that reflect users' needs. Third, The government should improve the quality of nursing services by improving the poor employment conditions and treatment of workers to fit the reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Objectives: The purpose was to investigate the effects of training for activities of daily living on the performance and motivation in the people with intellectual disability using day care center. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study is AB design in single subject study design. Three people with intellectual disabilities were given individual occupational therapy twice a week for 30 minutes, for a total of 6weeks. The occupational therapists conducted daily life activities training centered on the occupation that selected the caregiver through Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The quality of the task performance was evaluated by Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS), and the level of effort and motivation during the activity was evaluated by the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS). Findings: Three adults with intellectual disability improved performance of activities of daily livings and motivation and effort level after ADL training. Improvements/Applications: It should be evidence on effects of ADL training onoccupational performance and motivation level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The purpose was to investigate the effects of occupational therapy using cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) on activities of daily livings and balance for adults with intellectual disabilities using the daycarecenter. Methods/Statistical analysis: From February to June in 2018, 10 people with intellectual disabilities who use the day care center in B city were enrolled. The occupational therapy was conducted for once a week for a total of 20 weeks. The Burg Balance Scale and Modified Barthel Index were assessed for physical balance and independence of activities of daily living before and after treatment. Findings: occupational therapy using CO-OP showed significant improvement in total score of Modified Barthel Index and Berg Balance Scale for adults with intellectual disability. Improvements/Applications: Occupational therapy based on CO-OP was effective in balancing the activities of daily living of adults with disabilities using day care center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article focuses on the temporal organization proposed in the day care Center and the ways of living the time for the baby in this space. This ethnographic research was conducted in a public daycare center in the southern Santa Catarina state. The research subjects were a group of twelve babies and four adults, two teachers in each period. The time organization proposed by the adults in the day care center was evidenced, and it is governed by the clock chronology, marked by the lightening, fragmentation and mechanization of daily actions. However, babies do not live this organization in a passive or static way. They resist and transgress the proposed time, seeking to live other relationships that are not foreseen by adults, but which are important and necessary for them. These facts indicate the need and urgency to (re) think about the organization of the time proposed in the day care center, in order to consider the experiences and rhythms of the babies who live there daily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to investigate the representations of agents and teachers of Child Education at Rio de Janeiro about the work, under perspective of Social Representation Theory and approach the (auto)biographical. The search in progress is being accomplish with four persons, two agents and two teachers. To the data collect the interviews/conversations were the choice and the induction of metaphors was constituted in a relevant instrument as possibility of achieving to the social representation nucleus. The interviews/conversations were analyzed by Analysis of Content. The results of interview reveled that, among agents, there are claims which do the same work that teachers. Teachers reinforce the pedagogical intentionality of their work, mentioning child development, which does not characterize the work of the agents, causing tensions between these two groups. he interviews revealed that the life experiences of the subjects are fundamental for the understanding of the representations that elaborate on their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Working mothers with toddlers are often confused with the difficulties of caregiver substitutes. This leads to the con- cern about neglecting their toddlers. Day care centers are expected to respond by substituting the absent mothers, in order for the children’s needs of growth and development to become optimal. Objective To examine the profile of day care centers in correla- tion with growth and development of toddlers, and to understand the characteristics of facilities for growth and development in tod- dlers at day care centers. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at the day care centers (DCC) of the Department of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Harapan Ibu (HI) in Salemba, Central Jakarta and Teratai in Bekasi from February 1-August 1, 2004. Results There were 106 children enrolled in this study; 47 chil- dren in DCC HI and 59 in DCC Teratai, male:female ratio was 1:1, mostly at age 3.1-5 years. Growth status was measured accord- ing to body weight/age, body height/age, height circumference/ age and found good, normal, and proper growth status in 85 chil- dren (80.2%), 48 children (45.3%), 102 children (96.2%), respec- tively. We found good nutritional status in 44 children (41.5%) and normal developmental status (Denver II) in 81 children (76.4%). Ratio of caregivers to child was 1:10. All children had complete immunization. No trauma or upper respiratory tract infection was recorded as frequent morbidity. Parents’ reasons for relying their children in DCCs were to enable their children to socialize (50 children/47.2%), and to allow them to become independent (49 children/46.2%). Conclusion DCCs can serve as a safe alternative caregiving sub- stitute based on good growth and development, good nutritional status, also good characteristics facilities

Objectives: With the increasing aging population, attention to their problems in society has found vast and new dimensions. The professional rehabilitation teams in day-care centers have aimed at providing services to the elderly to prevent their admission into residential boarding centers. To this end, the Welfare Organization has designed a special service package for the day-care centers. The main objective of this study was to compare the quality of life of older adults in a day center before and after receiving the rehabilitation module of the Welfare Organization. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive-analytic study with 2 groups and pretest/posttest design. The study population consisted of all older adults referred to day-care centers for older adults. The study sample comprised 50 older adults in the Kahrizak Rehabilitation Center No.2, located in Mohammad Shahr Karaj, Iran in 2014-2015. They were selected through the convenient sampling method and by following the inclusion criteria. They were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups with 25 older adults in each group. To observe the research ethics, the control group was put on the waiting list for receiving the services. The research instruments included SF-36 quality of life and demographic questionnaires. The SF-36 questionnaire was implemented before, 1 month, and 3 months after receiving the services in both groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Data analysis was performed using 1-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: In this study, the mean age of the control and experimental groups were 66.43 and 68.1 years, respectively. T-test showed that there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups with regard to their ages (P=0.722). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between 2 groups with regard to sex, education degrees, and history of hospitalization. The mean scores of quality of life in the intervention group at baseline, 1 month and 3 months after the study were 43.95, 56.30, and 74.38, respectively. The values for the same parameters in the control group were 44.74, 49.79, and 57.82, respectively. The lowest score in the quality of life questionnaire was 24.72, and the highest was 86.11. In addition, there was no significant difference between 2 groups with regard to mean scores of their quality of life at baseline; however, there were significant differences for 1 and 3 months after the study (respectively, P

Background: Staff caregivers of day care centers provide many activities for older people. However, there is a lack of a systematic curriculum based on Taiwanese culture to improve cognitive function, self-care ability, and depressive mood status in these individuals., Purpose: This study was designed to test the effectiveness of a series of localized cognitive stimulation training courses implemented by direct caregivers and aimed at improving cognitive function, self-care ability, and depressive mood in older people at day care centers., Methods: This cluster-randomized controlled trial research was conducted over a four-month period. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental, comparison, or control groups based on their day care center affiliation. The experimental group received a series of localized cognitive stimulation training sessions with musical rhythm courses from day care center direct caregivers. The cognitive function, self-care ability, and depression mood state of the three groups were then tested., Results: The experimental group reported statistically significant changes in average scores for attention, feeding, and depressive mood. After controlling for time and degree of participation in activities, the comparison group reported a lower average score for cognitive function at timepoint 3., Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The results of this study support caregivers at day care centers implementing a series of localized cognitive stimulation training course interventions to prevent declines in activities of daily living and cognitive function and ameliorate depressive mood in older adults. In the future, a larger sample size should be used to improve the effectiveness of the intervention.

Abstract To ameliorate effects of social inequalities on children's development the German federal state law for child day care and preschools provides additional funds for day care centers in socioeconomically deprived regions in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The goal of these funds is to support three to six year old children with developmental risks. Day care centers can choose to use these funds for the employment of additional staff. Our study aims to investigate whether the number of weekly working hours provided by this additional staff is associated with a reduction of developmental risks in 4 competence areas over one year. A multilevel linear model (n = 83 day care centers) reveals that additional working hours decrease the prevalence of children with developmental risks. These results provide evidence for a beneficial effect of the federal state law. Highlights • This law is a good example for the implementation of a valid early screening to enhance preschool children´s competencies. • Additional working hours decrease the prevalence of children with developmental risks. • The results provide evidence for a beneficial effect of the federal state law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this article is to evaluate the spatial distribution of public day care centers, based on two complementary analyzes: (i) Analysis of the Optimal or proposed Location; (ii) Analysis of the Expansion of existing units; and (ii) Analysis of the opening of new units. This problem is an important aspect of public administration, and can attend problems of inequalities observed in public education, in terms of accessibility and availability of places, for example. The mathematical programming models were generated using the VB.NET© modeling language and were solved by the CPLEX© solver. The usability of such models is tested using the data collected in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The results showed that there is an urgent need in expanding the number of vacancies in the existing day care centers, in order to attend the population and, also, the goals of the National Education Plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]