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The study of nanofluid flow over a rotating disk has significant importance because of its enormous range of implementations, including cancer treatments, chemotherapy, nanomedicines, fermentation sciences, selective drug delivery, food sciences, biosensors, biomedicines, and electronics. Due to these applications of nanofluid, the present problem investigates the magnetohydrodynamic flow of nanofluid with nonlinear thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. In this analysis, the aluminum oxide nanoparticles are mixed with water. Furthermore, the mechanism for inter-particle spacing and radius of aluminum oxide nanoparticles on the dynamics of the two-dimensional flow of nanofluid are investigated. The present problem is modeled in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs), and these PDEs are converted into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations. The analytical solution to the current modeled problem has been obtained by using the homotopy analysis technique. The main purpose of the present research work is to analyze the behavior of the velocity and temperature of the nanofluid for small and large radius of the aluminum oxide nanoparticles and inter-particle spacing. Also, the role of heat transport is computed for linear and nonlinear thermal radiation cases. The major findings and principal results of this investigation are concluded that the primary velocity of nanoliquid is augmented due to the intensification in suction parameter for both the small and larger radius of aluminum oxide nanoparticles. Furthermore, it is perceived that the heat rate transfer is larger when the Eckert number and nanoparticle volume fraction are higher for both nonlinear and linear thermal radiation cases.

The main goal of this inspection is to explore the heat and mass transport phenomena of a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of ternary hybrid nanoliquid through a porous media toward a stretching surface. Nowadays, the low thermal conductivity is the key problem for scientist and researchers in the transmission of heat processes. Therefore, in order to improve the thermal conductivity of different base liquids, the scientist and researchers are mixing numerous types of solid particles in the base fluids. That is why the authors have mixed three different types of nanoparticles such as graphene oxide, silver, and copper in a kerosene oil base liquid. The influences of Hall current and ion-slip are also considered. Furthermore, the flow behavior is analyzed under the appliance of Darcy–Forchheimer, activation energy, and chemical reaction. By using the concept of boundary layer theory, the flow equations are modeled in the form of higher order nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) along with convective boundary conditions. Suitable similarity transformations are used for the transformation of higher order PDEs into the higher order nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Analytical scheme known as the homotopic scheme is utilized for the simulation of the current problem. The impacts of discrete flow parameters on the velocities, temperature, and concentration profiles of the ternary hybrid nanoliquid are inspected. The skin friction coefficients, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number of the ternary hybrid nanofluid are investigated against various flow parameters. The outcomes of the current analysis showed that primary velocity of the ternary hybrid nanoliquid is augmented via Hall current and ion-slip number, while the reverse trend is observed via porosity parameter, Darcy–Forchheimer parameter, and magnetic field parameter. On the other hand, the higher values of Hall current and magnetic parameter enhanced the secondary velocity of the ternary hybrid nanoliquid, while the secondary velocity was reduced due to the increasing ion-slip number and rotation parameter. It is found that the heat transfer rate of the ternary hybrid nanofluid is 46% greater than the silver nanofluid.

This study is focused to elaborate on the effect of heat source/sink on the flow of non-Newtonian Burger nanofluid toward the stretching sheet and cylinder. The current flow analysis is designed in the form of higher order nonlinear partial differential equations along with convective heat and zero mass flux conditions. Suitable similarity transformations are used for the conversion of higher order nonlinear partial differential equations into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. For the computation of graphical and tabular results, the most powerful analytical technique, known as the homotopy analysis method, is applied to the resulting higher order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The consequence of distinct flow parameters on the Burger nanofluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are determined and debated in a graphical form. The key outcomes of this study are that the Burger nanofluid parameter and Deborah number have reduced the velocity of the Burger nanofluid for both the stretching sheet and cylinder. Also, it is attained that the Burger nanofluid temperature is elevated with the intensifying of thermal Biot number for both stretching sheet and cylinder. The Burger nanofluid concentration becomes higher with the escalating values of Brownian motion parameter and Lewis number for both stretching sheet and cylinder. The Nusselt number of the Burger nanofluid upsurges due to the increment of thermal Biot number for both stretching sheet and cylinder. Also, the different industrial and engineering applications of this study were obtained. The presented model can be used for a variety of industrial and engineering applications such as biotechnology, electrical engineering, cooling of devices, nuclear reactors, mechanical engineering, pharmaceutical science, bioscience, medicine, cancer treatment, industrial-grid engines, automobiles, and many others.

Energy scarcity is among the biggest global challenges which is aggravating with each passing day due to ever increasing energy demands of contemporary livings as well as industrial requirements verses finite and rapidly depleting fossil reserves of our planet. Improving energy efficiency is one of the effective ways to cope with this challenge. Ternary nanofluids (TNF) are a dynamic novel class of fluids possessing unique thermophysical and other functional characteristics making them the most efficient heat transporting fluids of 21st century. These fluids have promising applications in major manufacturing and processing industries, emerging nanotechnologies and bio‐medical domains. The novel theme of this pragmatic study is analysis of bio‐convective TNF flow by stretchable porous curved surface considering effects of thermal radiation, chemical reaction, magnetic field, and various slip constraints. The modeled partial differential equations (PDEs) governing fluid flow under presumptions are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by suitable transformation relations. Numerical solutions are presented in graphical sketches and tabular forms using MATLAB bvp4c package for physical interpretations of sundry controlling variables impacts. To gauge veracity of computed results, comparisons with already published results have been presented. Moreover, the statistical concept of Pearson correlation coefficient has been employed to prove strong relationship between slip parameters and physical quantities. Research concludes that thermal efficiency of TNF improves by rising velocity slip, magnetic force, curvature factor, thermal radiation, and thermophoresis effects. Velocity slip and thermal slip improve concentration boundary layer. Gyrotactic microorganisms' density improves for higher velocity slip, temperature slip while depreciates for larger values of nanoparticle concentration slip and motile organism density slip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alumina stands out as a highly prevalent ceramic material in contemporary applications. Serving as a prime illustration of an electrical insulator, alumina boasts superior temperature resistance, chemical stability, and enhanced thermal conductivity. Its useful effectiveness spans extends to various sectors including medicine, industry, household products, as well as the manufacturing of electrical components and batteries. Considering these important applications, this study develops a mathematical framework to analyze MHD mixed convective three-dimensional nanofluid flow incorporating alumina nanoparticles over an extending surface. Initial assumptions constrain the nanofluid flow to exhibit rotation. A significant aspect of this study revolves around examining the impact of nanoparticle size and nanolayer characteristics on the nanofluid and highlighting its innovative contribution. The modeled equations have been evaluated numerically by using bvp4c MATLAB command. It is concluded that the higher magnetic factor augments the thermal distribution and secondary velocity distribution while retards the primary velocity distribution. Upsurge in rotation factor has augmenting impact on thermal distribution while it has retarding impacts on primary and secondary velocity distributions. Escalation in empirical factor causes augmentation in the primary velocity and temperature distributions while it retards the secondary velocity distribution. It is also noticed that growth in Nusselt number is greater in case of escalation of nanolayer in comparison of upsurge in nanoparticles' diameter. The results of this work have also been confirmed with available results in the literature through a comparative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a numerical analysis of the water-based hybrid nanofluid comprehending CuO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles between two rotating disks. The bottom and top disks each revolve around their respective axes of rotation. The two disks are positioned apart from one another. Along with Brownian motion and thermophoresis, it is intended that the flow will be electrically conducting, thermally radiative, and chemically reactive. The heat and mass transportation are also given attention in this study since they are crucial for industry, engineering, and everyday life which include hydraulic engines, electric motors, and generators. Using the bvp4c MATLAB function, the numerical solution of the modeled problem is ascertained. The results of the current numerical solution are compared with results from published research, confirming the accuracy of our model. The results of the present analysis are presented through figures and tables. Outcomes of this analysis show that stretching factor of the lower disk upsurges the axial velocity while the radial velocity exhibits dual behavior due to the stretching factor of the lower disk. Also, the stretching factor of the upper disk reduces the axial velocity while the radial velocity exhibits dual behavior due to the stretching factor of the upper disk. The tangential velocity distribution augments with the increasing rotation parameter. In comparison to nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid has stronger effects of the embedded factors on its Nusselt and Sherwood numbers at the lower disk, whereas at the upper disk, nanofluid has more effects of the embedded factors on its Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. This research might have an impact on various gadgets, including those that use air conditioning, chemicals and electronics. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will complement previously published work as well as provide information on engineering and industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors have presented the MHD hybrid nanoliquid flow comprised of CuO and Ag nanoparticles (nps) over a rotating disk under the effects of thermophoresis, Brownian motion, activation energy, heat source and chemical reaction. The flow is considered over a spinning disc with convective conditions. The proposed model is solved with the help of HAM. The convergence of the HAM is also shown in order to verify the convergence of the modeled problem. The effects of embedded parameters on the velocity, energy and mass profiles of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid nanoliquid are shown with the help of Figures. Also, the effects of embedded parameters on skin friction, heat and mass transfer rate are calculated with the help of Tables. The results showed that the velocity and energy profiles are augmented with the increasing solid volume fraction. The increasing magnetic parameter reduces both the radial and tangential velocities of the hybrid nanofluid flow. The increasing effects of heat source, thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors on energy profiles are found. The increasing influence of thermophoresis and activation energy factors on concentration profile of the hybrid nanofluid flow is found, while the increasing Brownian motion, chemical reaction and Schmidt number reduce the concentration profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum alloys are used to make wheels that are suitable for aeroplanes and automobiles, as well as all types of ground vehicles and watercraft. Aluminum alloys are made through melting, sintering (assembly of formed parts utilizing metal particles that melt together at intense temperatures), or mechanical braiding. Aluminum alloys have had a major impact on aeroplane manufacturing. Aluminum alloys like AA7075 and AA7072 are especially useful in transportation applications including maritime, aviation, and automotive, and are also utilized in the construction of bicycles, glider rock climbing equipment, and planes. This attempt sheds light on the magnetically influenced methanol-based micropolar nanofluid containing aluminum alloy nanoparticles (AA7075) over a variable thickened stretching sheet. A variable magnetic field is applied normal to the flow direction. The flow is considered at a stagnation point. Also, the Joule heating impact is considered in this analysis. The similarity transformations are used for the transformation of partial differential equations into ordinary differential equation. The authors have chosen to solve the proposed model with the help of NDSolve technique which can handle a wide range of ordinary and partial differential equations (ODEs and PDEs). The results showed that, as the volume fraction of AA7075 nanoparticles grows the velocity profile of the AA7075–methanol nanofluid decreases, while the microrotation and temperature profiles of the AA7075–methanol nanofluid increases. The velocity profile of the AA7075–methanol nanofluid reduces, while the microrotation and temperature profiles of the AA7075–methanol nanofluid increase with the increasing magnetic parameter. The growing micropolar parameter augments the velocity and temperature profiles of the AA7075–methanol nanofluid, whereas a dual impact of the micropolar parameter is found against the microrotation profile of the AA7075–methanol nanofluid. The growing variable wall thickness factor augments the velocity, microrotation and temperature profiles of the AA7075–methanol nanofluid. It is found that the embedded factors highly affected the AA7075–methanol nanofluid as compared to methanol fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]