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The article is aimed at analyzing the current status of the Ukrainian labor market and summarizing both the world-wide and the national experience in the sphere of human resources management. The labor market is an important part of the country’s national economic system. Issues of the population’s employment, wages and other problems of development of labor market do not belong to the sphere of exclusively economic issues, but also to the sphere of socio-political interests of both the general public and politicians. Sellers in this market are economically active population of the country, they provide revenues to budgets of various levels through taxes and fees. At the same time, these actors may move to another countries or regions, causing losses in budget revenues, reduce in the gross domestic product of the territory concerned, outflow of highly skilled personnel, etc. The possibilities of people traveling across borders increase with the growth of globalization processes, the reduction of barriers both physical and formal: abolition or simplification of visa regimes between countries, increase in the number of carriers of different kinds, simplification of labor laws of different countries, allowing the business entities of these countries to hire foreign citizens. The article defines the negative features inherent in the Ukrainian labor market and proposes specific directions and measures to eliminate them.

The article is aimed at disclosing the essence of the system of financial regulation of economic development of the country, defining institutional foundations in the process of development of financial mechanism. Approaches to strengthening the efficiency of financial policy as an important economic institution, which should significantly influence economic growth, have been developed. The directions of increase of efficiency of budget policy in conditions of institutional changes have been defined. Currently, financial regulation of the country is being formed in the context of socio-economic policy, which is resulting from the need for the State participation in the world economic and financial relations, for improving the quality of public services on the part of the State, which requires the implementation of a strategy of economic growth at a qualitatively new institutional level. The State financial policy should ultimately focus on the appropriate endogenous factors of economic growth. In modern conditions it is expedient to strengthen the role of financial policy as a significant macro-economic instrument, which provides an effective influence on achievement of financial and economic balance, efficiency of economic transformations.

The technology of obtaining an abrasive tool on a ceramic bond for surfacing components made of chrome-nickel steels and alloys including the composition of the abrasive mass with wood flour, and the process of tool impregnation with an aqueous solution of chrome diiodide are considered. The comparison results on the efficiency of grindstones made according to the developed technology with their redress life between two consecutive shapings, and the performance quality indices of the processed component surfaces are presented. An empirical dependence of the efficient grindstone life between two consecutive shapings on the component speed, length feed, infeed movement, and the chrome diiodide saturation in the impregnated grindstone, is obtained. It can be used by production managers to optimize the modes of surfacing components from chrome-nickel steels and alloys providing the required performance quality indices. The mechanism of loss of function of the grindstone impregnated with chrome diiodide is considered.

Interviews with Directors of restructured collective farms, private farmers, Rural Development Officers, and Agricultural specialists in the Administration from Suzun raion, Novosibirsk oblast, central Russia revealed a regional response to recent agrarian reforms. Distinct differences emerged between the objectives of the restructured collective farms (large-scale enterprises (LSEs)) and the private (autonomous) farmers, particularly towards the employment of labour and commitments to supporting rural infrastructure and village communities. Directors of the LSEs placed considerably more importance on supporting the villages and rural economy with which their farm is historically linked, private farmers were less inclined to divert resources to these ends. The oblast Authorities seek to maintain economic activity in rural areas through targeted financial support, by supporting mergers between private farmers and failing LSEs, and buy-outs by urban investors. However, our survey shows that the private farming sector will not re-hire all the labour thus released or contribute significantly to the maintenance of the rural infrastructure. The break-up of the established village farm-villager symbiotic linkages will result in some other organisation having to pick up these costs and responsibilities.

The article considers general conditions of realisation of intellectual capital. It reveals indicators of the sphere of employment, that influence efficient use of intellectual capital, compared to education indicators. Realisation of intellectual capital could be increased only under conditions of the growth of the level of employment of graduates of educational establishments, expansion of possibilities of employment by specialty, which is ensured by interaction at different levels with the employment sphere. The article identifies mechanisms that mediate governing impacts on intellectual capital. Such mechanisms in the sphere of employment are: interaction of the sphere of education and employment when training specialists, forms of organisation of labour, conditions of labour, mobility of labour and flexibility of the labour market, traditions and type of corporate culture, qualitative composition of employees and the state of the social sphere. The sphere of employment is responsible for bringing the intellectual capital into action and transformation of the nominal intellectual capital into the real one. Search fir forms of employment, most adequate to the higher education and nature of intellectual labour, serves as a prospect of further research for Ukraine.Рассмотрены общие условия реализации интеллектуального капитала. Раскрыты показатели сферы занятости, влияющие на эффективное использование интеллектуального капитала, по сравнению с показателями образования. Реализация интеллектуального капитала может повыситься только при условии роста уровня трудоустройства выпускников учебных заведений, расширения возможностей трудоустройства по специальности, что обеспечивается взаимодействием на разных уровнях со сферой занятости населения. Определены механизмы, опосредующие управляющие воздействия на интеллектуальный капитал. В сфере занятости такими механизмами выступают: взаимодействие сферы образования и занятости при подготовке специалистов, формы организации труда, условия труда, мобильность рабочей силы и гибкость рынка труда, традиции и тип корпоративной культуры, качественный состав работающих, состояние социальной сферы. Сфера занятости ответственна за приведение интеллектуального капитала в действие, преобразование номинального интеллектуального капитала в реальный. Перспективой дальнейших исследований для Украины выступает поиск форм занятости, наиболее адекватных высшему образованию и природе интеллектуального труда.

The article considers problems of functioning intellectual capital, its realisation as a process of transformation of intellectual potential into intellectual capital. It substantiates urgency of analysis of realisation of intellectual capital with the aim of its more efficient usage. It identifies stages of realisation and main subjects that influence realisation of intellectual capital. It reveals the role of intellectual activity and employment system in the process of use of knowledge and intellectual capital.В статье рассмотрены проблемы функционирования интеллектуального капитала, его реализации как процесса преобразования интеллектуального потенциала в интеллектуальный капитал. Обоснована актуальность анализа реализации интеллектуального капитала с целью его более эффективного использования. Определены этапы реализации и основные субъекты, оказывающие влияние на реализацию интеллектуального капитала. Раскрыта роль интеллектуальной активности и системы занятости в процессе использования знаний и интеллектуального капитала.

The ways of productivity increase in details finishing-strengthening processing executed in rotor-screw technological systems are presented. It is shown that the use of rotor-screw machines makes it possible to combine the parts machining using a vibrating field with a large amplitude of oscillations and their transportation in a streamlined form of production organization. Two main directions of rotor-helical processing stimulation are identified: on the basis of structural changes in the screw rotor, as the main working element of the rotor-screw machine and by equipping the screw rotor with activation elements of the process. The classification of screw rotors is presented, which allows purposeful search for the most effective designs of screw rotors and the mechanism is revealed of their influence on the process of parts finishing-hardening processing. Dependence is established for determining the longitudinal movement speed of the parts being processed in the screw rotor. The constructive-technological scheme of the rotor-screw machine is proposed, which allows increase of the productivity of the process and simplification of the design of machines for their implementation, by dismembering the complex screw propulsion of the load mass, which takes place in the screw rotors, into relatively simple in kinematic sense motions. The technological possibilities of rotor-screw processing application for finishing-strengthening operations are presented.

Features of parts machining in rotor-screw technological systems are presented. It is shown that the mass of the load, consisting of the processed parts and the granulated working medium, is located along the internal perimeter of the screw rotor asymmetrically to the axis of its rotation. In this regard, there are difficulties in designing the rotor-screw machines drive, and in the rationale for its optimal power. A technique is proposed for calculating the drive power of rotor-screw machines, which makes it possible to carry out a techno-economic assessment study of their applicability for finishing-hardening machining of parts in machinebuilding production. The technique is illustrated on the basis of justifying the drive power of a rotor-screw machine for hardening the details of St3 steel in a screw rotor mounted from 9 octahedra, steel balls are used as a working medium.

The analysis of the results of experimental studies of production of zinc coverings by the way of vibration chemical and mechanical synthesis words.

The article deals with the problem of street lines which determine specific conditions of usage and development of towns and cities. The city transport system is one of the complex and overwhelmingly important elements of the big city structure. The investigation of its constituents, development arrangement and planning system is one of the actual directions of theoretical research having significant practical meaning for efficient use of territories. Nowadays federal legislation pays great attention to providing complex and constant development of territories. One of the major instruments in achieving this goal is the usage of street lines. Planned objects marked by street lines have legal characteristics. This article reveals those characteristics.

This article reviews insolation characteristics, favourable effect and harmful impact. Insolation requirements adopted in the Russian Federation make the basis for the examination of insolation. The methods used to analyze insolation in the “City’s Solaris” program are described. The authors share their calculations and analysis results of insolation at a Tyumen playground.

The article is devoted to the problem of employment and the definition of the essence of effective employment as one of the most important indicators of the implementation of intellectual capital, allowing for the intellectual work and the realities of transformation economies. The criteria for the effective employment are determined in terms of the employer, the employee, state, institutional maturity, based on the level of professional qualification of the employed. The purpose of the article is to consider a systematic theoretical analysis of effective employment to uncover opportunities to increase the level of implementation of intellectual capital. The study is based on the methodological development of the theory of employment, and intellectual capital. The following methods are used: to study the criteria for effective employment − the method of structural analysis, grouping, classification given attributes is used, to identify the characteristics of effective employment of intellectual labor − a comparative analysis, to obtain scientific findings − the analytical method and the scientific generalization. The obtained results of the study contribute to the rational, effective functioning of the system of employment with the multilateral economic interests.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2005.05.012 Byline: Irina Davydova, J.R. Franks Abstract: Interviews with Directors of restructured collective farms, private farmers, Rural Development Officers, and Agricultural specialists in the Administration from Suzun raion, Novosibirsk oblast, central Russia revealed a regional response to recent agrarian reforms. Distinct differences emerged between the objectives of the restructured collective farms (large-scale enterprises (LSEs)) and the private (autonomous) farmers, particularly towards the employment of labour and commitments to supporting rural infrastructure and village communities. Directors of the LSEs placed considerably more importance on supporting the villages and rural economy with which their farm is historically linked, private farmers were less inclined to divert resources to these ends. The oblast Authorities seek to maintain economic activity in rural areas through targeted financial support, by supporting mergers between private farmers and failing LSEs, and buy-outs by urban investors. However, our survey shows that the private farming sector will not re-hire all the labour thus released or contribute significantly to the maintenance of the rural infrastructure. The break-up of the established village farm-villager symbiotic linkages will result in some other organisation having to pick up these costs and responsibilities. Author Affiliation: Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, King George VI Builiding, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK

The paper addresses the problem of the conceptualization of morality in sociology. The traditional sociological conception of morality was based upon the acceptance of a fact/value dichotomy, implying that sociology portrays the factual nature of morality, which thereby becomes equivalent to group conformity The opposition of fact and value was brought into question by trends of thought that followed from, respectively, Alfred Schutz and Ludwig Wittgenstein. The line from Schutz's ideas led towards their reformulation by Harold Garfinkel, who to large extent integrated the 'moral' with the 'cognitive'. Wittgenstein's influence, through, especially Peter Winch, John W. Cook and Alfred Louch undercut the idea that sociological descriptions were themselves purely factual, rather than integrally evaluative. A third stream is represented by Alasdair MacIntyre and Charles Taylor, who adopt the idea that morality must be understood in its social and historical context, and explicitly reject the separation of fact and value in moral inquiry. The fact/value distinction is the source of chronic problems for the sociology of morality. Specifically, a sociological account of morality, that would define the correct understanding of the nature of morality--ie identify what substantive character and content is appropriate to it--is not possible. The disintegration of the fact/value dichotomy also means that the idea that the social context can itself be described independently of normative considerations is an illusion.

Recent changes in the food distribution and marketing systems in Russia are described. Findings from a survey of the marketing strategies used by directors of joint-stock companies (JSC) and private farmers in Novosibirsk oblast' to cope with these changes are presented and compared. These farmers have adopted different strategies. JSC directors withdrew from value-adding enterprises (VAE) complaining of poorly regulated markets — which remove incentives to create product distinctiveness — problems with bad debts, unstable markets and low profitability. As a result many JSCs have reverted to their core production activities, strategies that suggest they are prioritising longevity rather than profit maximisation. However, the larger private farmers, later entrants into farming and food production, had no apparent complaints in any of these areas. Unlike the JSC directors, they did not welcome more government intervention but wanted a stable macroeconomic climate within which to conduct business. To re-couple JSC directors with VAE and markets, the Russian authorities need to tighten regulation over competition, branding and food quality, and provide better access to market information. These changes will let the federal food corporations reduce their role as farmers, able to extract full benefit from investments made to create distinction, will develop their products and vertically integrate along the food chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]