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Abstract Introduction The therapeutic method for many malignant and non-malignant diseases is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but it is not always fully successful in all patients. Indeed, HSCT can be influenced by a variety of factors. Here we reviewed the effect of microRNAs (miRs) on HSCT-related outcomes, like survival, infections, relapse, engraftment, and so on, systematically. Method WOS, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases were searched. The PRISMA guideline was performed, and 24 studies were included through quality assessment. Classified data extraction was done based on the type of disease. Results The systematic review identified 47 miRs effective on HSCT. The role of miRs as tumor suppressors or oncogenes is reported in acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia patients undergoing HSCT due to their effects on overall or event-free survival. Additionally, relapse after HSCT in multiple myeloma is correlated with miRs expression. Also, recovery from post-autologous HSCT cytopenia or platelet and neutrophil engraftment can be influenced by miRs. We highlighted here reports on specific miRs. Conclusion We reported prognostic miRs for in-depth clinical management of the HSCT process and its outcomes. Also, miRs are introduced for the prevention of HSCT-related complications, and future studies are suggested to evaluate personalized medicine’s utilization of miRs in therapeutic methods like HSCT in neoplasia.

Chronic nicotine results in dependence with withdrawal symptoms on discontinuation of use, through desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and altered cholinergic neurotransmission. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with increased whole-brain functional connectivity and decreased network modularity; however, the role of cholinergic neurons in those changes is unknown. To identify the contribution of nicotinic receptors and cholinergic regions to changes in the functional network, we analyzed the contribution of the main cholinergic regions to brain-wide activation of the immediate early-gene Fos during withdrawal in male mice and correlated these changes with the expression of nicotinic receptor mRNA throughout the brain. We show that the main functional connectivity modules included the main long-range cholinergic regions, which were highly synchronized with the rest of the brain. However, despite this hyperconnectivity, they were organized into two anticorrelated networks that were separated into basal forebrain-projecting and brainstem-thalamic-projecting cholinergic regions, validating a long-standing hypothesis of the organization of the brain cholinergic systems. Moreover, baseline (without nicotine) expression of Chrna2, Chrna3, Chrna10, and Chrnd mRNA of each brain region correlated with withdrawal-induced changes in Fos expression. Finally, by mining the Allen Brain mRNA expression database, we were able to identify 1755 gene candidates and three pathways (Sox2-Oct4-Nanog, JAK-STAT, and MeCP2-GABA) that may contribute to nicotine withdrawal-induced Fos expression. These results identify the dual contribution of the basal forebrain and brainstem-thalamic cholinergic systems to whole-brain functional connectivity during withdrawal; and identify nicotinic receptors and novel cellular pathways that may be critical for the transition to nicotine dependence.

Background: One of the most common preventive methods of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is preoperative skin preparation. Selecting the skin antiseptic before surgery is an important step that can reduce SSI risk. Aim: The present study was performed with aim to compare the effect of 7.5% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and 70% alcohol versus 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHG) and 70% alcohol on the microbial count of the surgical site in the abdominal surgery. Method: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted between March 2017 and July 2018 at the educational-therapeutic centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The patients aged ≥18 years who underwent elective abdominal surgery were randomly assigned into two groups to have their skin cleaned before surgery with CHG-alcohol or PVP-I-alcohol. Also, before skin prep, after the primary prep and after the secondary prep, microbial cultures were taken. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 16) and Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Wilcoxon and U-Mann-Whitney tests. P0.05). Implications for Practice: This study did not demonstrate an overall superiority of 2% CHG over 7.5% PVP-I skin preparation solution or vice versa. Both groups can be used to prepare patients' skin before abdominal surgery due to the affordability conditions and availability.

Metabolism regulates neuronal activity and modulates the occurrence of epileptic seizures. Here, using two rodent models of absence epilepsy, we show that hypoglycaemia increases the occurrence of spike-wave seizures. We then show that selectively disrupting glycolysis in the thalamus, a structure implicated in absence epilepsy, is sufficient to increase spike-wave seizures. We propose that activation of thalamic AMP-activated protein kinase, a sensor of cellular energetic stress and potentiator of metabotropic GABAB-receptor function, is a significant driver of hypoglycaemia-induced spike-wave seizures. We show that AMP-activated protein kinase augments postsynaptic GABAB-receptor-mediated currents in thalamocortical neurons and strengthens epileptiform network activity evoked in thalamic brain slices. Selective thalamic AMP-activated protein kinase activation also increases spike-wave seizures. Finally, systemic administration of metformin, an AMP-activated protein kinase agonist and common diabetes treatment, profoundly increased spike-wave seizures. These results advance the decades-old observation that glucose metabolism regulates thalamocortical circuit excitability by demonstrating that AMP-activated protein kinase and GABAB-receptor cooperativity is sufficient to provoke spike-wave seizures.

Nowadays, the impacts of tourism are one of the academic topics and concerns of experts in this field, and they are trying to increase its positive effects through network and cluster activity and find solutions to reduce the negative effects of tourism. Sustainable tourism requires the active performance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and museums can also play an axial role as educational institutions. Unfortunately, there is no close relationship between museums and NGOs in Iran, and the International Council of Museums (ICOM) is the only active NGO in this field. In contrast, the collaboration of NGOs and museums can be a step towards popularising the challenges facing sustainable tourism development. The objectives of the present research are: 1) to identify the factors affecting the participation of NGOs in promoting museums and sustainable tourism. 2) to explore the collaborative opportunities of NGOs and museums towards sustainable tourism development. In this regard, the qualitative method (thematic analysis) was used with the help of MAXQDA software. The statistical population of the research was the active members of NGO experts in the fields of tourism, culture, museum, environment, and geography. The data was collected using a semi-structured interview form. It is worth mentioning that the data reached saturation point in the 20th interview. The data coding results illustrated that moral and professional codes and policymaking influence NGOs’ participation in the development of museums and tourism. In addition, the five main themes of cooperative education, collaborative and interactive thinking, participatory advertising, holding joint events and exhibitions, and social participation were identified as collaborative opportunities for NGOs and museums towards sustainable tourism development. It should be pointed out that cooperation and partnership relations are a suitable alternative to competition in sustainable tourism, and this partnership facilitates the achievement of sustainable tourism goals, which have been at the forefront of central policy of global tourism development for more than two decades.IntroductionIn 1995, a charter with 18 principles was drawn up to implement sustainable tourism in Lanzarote Island, Spain. The ninth, thirteenth, and fifteenth principles emphasize the participation and role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in developing sustainable tourism. Today, NGOs play an essential role in the local communities' involvement, local empowerment, education, economic-social development, preservation of cultural and natural heritage, etc., as far as they can be called the public’s voice. NGOs play an essential role in education and culturalizing.Smithsonian; European Network for Accessible Tourism (ENAT); World Tourism Association for Culture and Heritage (WTACH); International et al. (TIES); The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO); International Council of Museums (ICOM) are examples of active international NGOs in tourism and museums.Currently, many NGOs are registered in Iran, and among them, ICOM of Iran is active in the field of cultural heritage and tourism and is the most well-known NGO in the field of museums. Addressing the discussion of NGOs in museums and sustainable tourism will increase the participation between NGOs and museums towards sustainable tourism. The role of NGOs as a speaker is to convey the museum’s voice. In addition, this research is an initial attempt to introduce the importance of NGOs and museums’ participation in sustainable tourism. Also, due to rising NGOs from the community and having voluntary human resources, they can create a closer relationship between the public and the museum through participating in sustainable activities.Literature ReviewSingh (1999: 92-94) argued that NGOs strive to develop sustainable tourism. Data analysis in the Goa, India case study illustrated that NGOs can also develop local socio-economic activities and play an essential role in community awareness. Liburd (2004: 105-109) stated that NGOs influence political processes and outcomes. Some authors (Butcher, 2006, pp. 307-310; Wearing et al., 2005: 424-439) noted that NGOs are trying to create a de-commoditized model of tourism that seeks sustainable tourism.Materials and MethodsThe present study includes two main objectives: 1) to identify the factors affecting the participation of NGOs in promoting museums and sustainable tourism. 2) to explore the collaborative opportunities of NGOs and museums towards sustainable tourism development. This research is exploratory, and a qualitative method (Thematic analysis) was applied. MAXQDA software was used as a tool for data analysis. The study’s statistical population consists of active NGO members, experts, and elites in geography, tourism, museums, environment, and culture. Data was gathered through the snowball sampling method. After each interview, the data was coded until the codes reached saturation point in the 21st interview, and no new codes were added to the previous codes. ResultsThe first goal of the research is to identify the factors influencing the participation of NGOs in promoting museums and sustainable tourism. The results of data analysis using a qualitative method (thematic analysis) demonstrated that policymaking (national and local) and moral and professional codes (external and internal) are two vital and effective components of the participation of NGOs in promoting museums and sustainable tourism. National policymaking includes eight sub-themes, which are: moral and financial support of the upstream institutions from NGOs, removal of difficult legal obstacles towards establishing NGOs, monitoring of organizations and the activities of NGOs, removal of legal obstacles when NGOs strive for implanting their ideas (another organization such as the police should not prevent them), creating a legal platform that recognizes the activities of the institutions, involving the supervision of NGOs in the government's decisions, creating a bottom-up approach to museum planning and development of tourism, not looking at NGOs politically. In addition to local policymaking, there are three sub-themes of participation of NGOs in local tourism development and planning projects: the cooperation of NGOs with gild merchant and local communities and the cooperation of NGOs with the diversity of social and age groups in order to communicate with the community visiting the museum. Also, the results of open and axial coding indicated that extra-institutional moral and professional codes are classified into four sub-themes, which include participation in international scientific and executive assemblies of museum science in order to announce sustainability conditions and activities; stakeholders' acceptance of the organization's participation; acquaintance of people with citizenship duties and issues of environmental protection and cultural heritage preservation; organized cooperation with other national and international organizations in order to share experiences towards promoting sustainable tourism and museums. It is worth noting that the togetherness and convergence of NGO members and the priority of collective interests; continuity in the systematic cooperation between the association and museums towards sustainable development of tourism; education and promotion of specialized knowledge in line with collaborative decision-making; developing the mission and vision of NGOs towards promoting sustainable tourism were identified as sub-themes of moral and professional codes.Furthermore, the five main themes of cooperative education, collaborative and interactive thinking, participatory advertising, holding joint events and exhibitions, and social participation were identified as collaborative opportunities for NGOs and museums towards sustainable tourism development. DiscussionNowadays, NGOs play a significant role in education, culturalizing, identity-building, and participation (Nouei & Saje, 2011) and can act as a collective voice for sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism is a method of tourism that tries to minimize the adverse effects of travel and increase its positive effects by implementing the 18 principles. Meanwhile, as educational institutions, museums can achieve sustainable tourism goals with greater convergence and be the collective voice of sustainability in tourism destinations and museums. The results of data analysis with the help of software illustrated that moral and professional codes and policymaking are the factors influencing the participation of NGOs in the prosperity of museums and the promotion of tourism. Nouei and Saje (2011) also emphasize the cooperative role of the NGOs, but the innovation of the current research has been in identifying the collaborative opportunities of NGOs and museums towards sustainable tourism (cooperative education; collaborative and interactive thinking; participatory advertising; holding joint events and exhibitions and social participation). Training of tourism human resources and hosts; empowering local communities towards sustainable tourism; the use of museum space in sustainability education for the public; holding theoretical training workshops about sustainable tourism; providing consulting services to museums; acquaintance of people with citizenship duties and issues of environmental protection and cultural heritage preservation; holding a skill-based training workshop in about sustainable tourism and teaching intangible cultural traditions concerning historical assets through museum objects, including opportunities for cooperative education, have been identified. Other extractive open codes have yet to be considered in the literature review and are the new findings of the present research. Among the opportunities for cooperative and interactive thinking extracted from coding are the opportunities to collect financial aid for NGOs, participation in the establishment of museums, increase the power of access and interpretation of NGO's activities by the museum, creative participation towards sustainable tourism and the place to carry out the dialogues of NGOs. These current research results confirm other research (Kannike et al., 2021; Ouessar & Belhedi, 1999; Wilson, 2003). Creating employment and income for local people by attracting tourists and visitors to museums and tourist destinations; collecting intangible and tangible heritage towards sustainable tourism and museum management, and participating in strengthening pride and cultural identity are opportunities for social partnerships that experts have pointed out to promote sustainable tourism. It is worth mentioning that some researchers (Wilson, 2003) also emphasize creating employment and income for local people and strengthening pride and cultural identity in their research. Holding joint events and exhibitions regarding sustainability issues are not only the findings of the present study but also mentioned by Kannike et al., 2021. ConclusionLastly, NGOs are the representatives and voices of museums and sustainable tourism, and the production of content marketing by NGOs for museums and sustainable tourism increases the opportunity for cooperative advertising.

Abstract Unlike improved treatment response in multiple myeloma (MM), the mortality rate in MM is still high. The study’s aim is to investigate the potential role of circRNAs as a new biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and clinicopathological features of MM. We identified studies through Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and ProQuest databases, and Google Scholar to August 2022. The SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC were combined to investigate the diagnostic performance of circRNAs in MM. Also, HR and RR were used for prognostic and clinicopathological indicators, respectively. 12 studies for prognosis, 9 studies about diagnosis, and 13 studies regarding clinicopathological features. The pooled SEN, SPE, DOR, and AUC were 0.82, 0.76, 14.70, and 0.86, respectively for the diagnostic performance of circRNAs. For the prognostic performance, oncogene circRNAs showed a poor prognosis for the patients (HR = 3.71) and tumor suppressor circRNAs indicated a good prognosis (HR = 0.31). Finally, we discovered that dysregulation of circRNAs is associated with poor clinical outcomes in beta-2-microglobulin (RR = 1.56), Durie-Salmon stage (RR = 1.36), and ISS stage (RR = 1.79). Furthermore, the presence of del(17p) and t(4;14) is associated with circRNA dysregulation (RR = 1.44 and 1.44, respectively). Our meta-analysis demonstrates that the expression analysis of circRNAs is valuable for MM’s diagnosis and prognosis determination. Also, dysregulation of circRNAs is associated with poor clinicopathological features and can be used as the applicable biomarkers for evaluating treatment effectiveness.

The overall 5-year survival rate of ovarian cancer (OC) is generally low as the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage of progression. To save lives, OC must be identified in its early stages when treatment is most effective. Early-stage OC causes the upregulation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), making the molecule a promising biomarker for early-stage detection. An LPA assay can additionally stage the disease since LPA levels increase with OC progression. This work presents two methods that demonstrate the prospective application for detecting LPA: the electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor (EMPAS) and a chemiluminescence-based iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) approach. Both methods incorporate the protein complex gelsolin–actin, which enables testing for detection of the biomarker as the binding of LPA to the complex results in the separation of gelsolin from actin. The EMPAS was characterized with contact angle goniometry and atomic force microscopy, while gelsolin–actin-functionalized IONPs were characterized with transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition to characterization, LPA detection was demonstrated as a proof-of-concept in Milli-Q water, buffer, or human serum, highlighting various LPA assays that can be developed for the early-stage detection of OC.

Abstract Background Cardiac surgical patients are highly prone to developing surgery‐related Pressure injuries (PIs). Prevention of PIs is an important patient safety priority in healthcare settings and patients care. So the aim of this study is to detect the effectiveness of prevention strategies to decrease PIs prevalence and incidence in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Method We identified studies through Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and ProQuest databases from inception through September 2022 with restrictions on the English language. Cochrane RoB 2, JBI, and NIH checklist were carried out as critical appraisal Tools to investigate the studies risk of bias. Finally, 10 studies with a total sample No. 1348, which fulfilled eligibility criteria were included in final systematic review. Result Most common interventions investigated in included studies were addressing impairments skin care which included the use of multilayer silicone foam, Care bundle and multiple intervention programs, alternative head inflatable pads, pressure‐reducing foam mattresses, and electric bed frames as the effective PIs Prevention (PIP) strategies. While repositioning is one of the important causes mentioned in most PIP protocols, there was not adequate evidence to recommend any special turning regimens for PIP. Conclusion Given current evidence, multilayer silicone foam, Care bundle and multiple intervention programs, alternative inflatable head pads, pressure‐reducing foam mattresses, and electric bed frames are effective strategies to prevent pressure ulcers. Further investigations are needed to specify the cost‐effectiveness of mentioned strategies and RCTs to determine other PIP strategies such as repositioning and mobilization, nutritional supplementation, creams, and co‐interventions effects.

Superhydrophobic coatings can be made by creating a micro-sized structure on a surface providing super-repellent properties which has many applications in aerospace, defense, automotive, biomedical and engineering. Numerical simulation of drop dynamics and motion on a superhydrophobic surface helps us understand control and building surface textures and find optimum micro structured coatings of maximum hydrophobicity. In the present work, the dynamics of drops on superhydrophobic inclined micro-structured surfaces is studied, using a finite element method. Effect of microstructures on droplet behavior on a superhydrophobic surface is investigated using different microstructures. The governing equations and important dimensionless numbers are described and a numerical algorithm is introduced. The validation of the numerical algorithm is performed by simulation of drop motion attached to an inclined surface. In addition, droplet movement on the micro structured surface is numerically simulated on smooth and microstructure surfaces in the same conditions. Comparison of the results shows the effect of microstructure coating on the surface hydrophobicity properties.

Abstract Background Methadone is a synthetic opioid mostly used for detoxification therapy, as its use increases; the possibility for methadone-induced cardiotoxicity may rise. The aim of this study was to determine the association of high-sensitivity troponin I levels as a predictor of cardiac injury in methadone toxicity. Methods Sixty methadone toxicity patients included in this prospective cross-sectional study from October 2018–November 2020. High-sensitivity troponin I level and electrocardiogram were assessed in patients at admission. All patients underwent echocardiography at admission and 30 days later and compared this finding between two groups based on high-sensitivity troponin I results. Results Mean age of the patients was 34.5 ± 11.1 years (males: 67%). Twenty (20%) patients had positive high sensitive-troponin results. Long QT interval and inverted T in precordial leads were mostly observed in individuals with positive high-sensitivity troponin I (75% vs. 35%, P = 0.013 and 83% vs. 16%, P

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a promising biomarker candidate to screen for ovarian cancer (OC) and potentially stratify and treat patients according to disease stage. LPA is known to target the actin-binding protein gelsolin which is a key regulator of actin filament assembly. Previous studies have shown that the phosphate headgroup of LPA alone is inadequate to bind to the short chain of amino acids in gelsolin known as the PIP2-binding domain. Thus, the molecular-level detail of the mechanism of LPA binding is poorly understood. Here, we model LPA binding to the PIP2-binding domain of gelsolin in the gelsolin-actin complex through extensive ten-microsecond atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We predict that LPA binding causes a local conformational rearrangement due to LPA interactions with both gelsolin and actin residues. These conformational changes are a result of the amphipathic nature of LPA, where the anionic phosphate, polar glycerol and ester groups, and lipophilic aliphatic tail mediate LPA binding via charged electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interactions. The negatively-charged LPA headgroup binds to the PIP2-binding domain of gelsolin-actin while its hydrophobic tail is inserted into actin, creating a strong LPA-insertion pocket that weakens the gelsolin–actin interface. The computed structure, dynamics, and energetics of the ternary gelsolin–LPA–actin complex confirms that a quantitative OC assay is possible based on LPA-triggered actin release from the gelsolin-actin complex.

BackgroundEarly prognostic stratification of patients with sepsis is a difficult clinical challenge. Aim of this study was to evaluate novel molecules in association with clinical parameters as predictors of 90-days mortality in patients admitted with sepsis at Humanitas Research Hospital.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 178 patients, diagnosed based on Sepsis-3 criteria, at admission to the Emergency Department and after 5 days of hospitalization. Levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), soluble IL-1 type 2 receptor (sIL-1R2), and of a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to evaluate predictors of 90-days mortality.ResultsCirculating levels of PTX3, sIL-1R2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1ra, TNF-α increased significantly in sepsis patients on admission, with the highest levels measured in shock patients, and correlated with SOFA score (PTX3: r=0.44, p

Contamination of food by pathogens can pose a serious risk to health. Therefore, monitoring for the presence of pathogens is critical to identify and regulate microbiological contamination of food. In this work, an aptasensor based on a thickness shear mode acoustic method (TSM) with dissipation monitoring was developed to detect and quantify Staphylococcus aureus directly in whole UHT cow’s milk. The frequency variation and dissipation data demonstrated the correct immobilization of the components. The analysis of viscoelastic properties suggests that DNA aptamers bind to the surface in a non-dense manner, which favors the binding with bacteria. The aptasensor demonstrated high sensitivity and was able to detect S. aureus in milk with a 33 CFU/mL limit of detection. Analysis was successful in milk due to the sensor’s antifouling properties, which is based on 3-dithiothreitol propanoic acid (DTTCOOH) antifouling thiol linker. Compared to bare and modified (dithiothreitol (DTT), 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), and 1-undecanethiol (UDT)) quartz crystals, the sensitivity of the sensor’s antifouling in milk improved by about 82–96%. The excellent sensitivity and ability to detect and quantify S. aureus in whole UHT cow’s milk demonstrates that the system is applicable for rapid and efficient analysis of milk safety.

This study employed 2 theories of motivation (i.e., the regulatory focus and the regulatory fit) to examine how L2 students with different motivational compositions perform L2 oral tasks, especially in terms of accuracy and fluency. The researchers asked 52 intermediate students of a higher education center in Shahrekord (Iran) to partake in an experiment in which they were, first, categorized into 2 groups of either prevention-oriented or promotion-oriented based on their dominant motivational composition. Afterward, the research was conducted in 2 stages: the first one with a conditionally neutral speaking task (regulatory focus) and the second one with 2 conditionally charged speaking tasks, each designed to either induce prevention condition or promotion condition in the mind of the test takers, to see how task condition and motivational orientation of the participants tended to interact (regulatory fit). Results did not reveal any significant causal relationship between the participants' motivational orientation/task condition and their fluency and accuracy. We postulated that the predictions of these 2 theories were not realized because of the interference of extraneous factors such as curriculum design and learning experience.

Abstract The patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia who suffer from worsening of the clinical respiratory symptoms, after the beginning of the treatment, should be evaluated for pulmonary embolism using CT angiography if there are no contraindications.

Unexpected omission of aversive outcome is encoded as reward via activation of reward-encoding dopaminergic neurons in animals. The authors identify the Drosophila neural circuit through which reward-encoding dopaminergic neurons are activated when an olfactory cue is no longer paired with punishment.

Introduction: The psychological impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on health-care workers (HWs) are undeniable, especially that knowledge on the disease is limited, and the credibility of some existing sources of information is questionable. We aimed to assess the level of anxiety and trust in information resources among Iranians' HWs. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1199 HWs between March and April 2020 in Iran. Data on demographic variables, sources of information about the COVID-19, and the trust level to them were collected using online self-administered questionnaires. The anxiety severity level was assessed using the Zung self-rating anxiety scale. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression models. Results: The mean age of participants was 32.5 ± 8.79, and 65.7% (n = 763) were male. 30.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) (CI: 27.8%–33.1%) of HWs had mild to moderate, and 21.3% (95% CI: 18.9%–23.7%) had severe and extremely severe levels of anxiety. TV (83.7%) and social media networks (58.2%) were the most frequent information sources. The lowest trust level and highest anxiety levels, and in contrast, the highest trust level and lowest anxiety levels were observed among social media users and TV viewers, respectively. The results of the multiple linear analysis showed that less work experience (P = 0.003), master's degree or above (P = 0.006), being divorced or widowed (P < 0.001), higher levels of exposure to COVID-19 patients (P < 0.05), having a history of mental illness (P < 0.001), and having underlying medical conditions (P < 0.001) were associated with higher anxiety levels. Conclusion: The study results revealed that the anxiety level among the HWs is relatively significant, and the trust level in social media networks was the lowest. Further psychological assessments and more investigations regarding the reasons for the reduction of trust and the development of the appropriate approaches to improve it are required.

Background and purpose: Radiation therapy make an important contribution in the control and treatment of cancers. Lungs are the main organs at risk in esophageal cancer radiotherapy. Difference between the dose distribution due to the treatment planning system (TPS) and the patient's body dose is dependent on the calculation of the treatment planning system algorithm, which is more pronounced in heterogeneities such as the lung. In this study, the dose distribution of treatment planning system was compared with Monte Carlo calculations in both homogeneous and heterogeneous tissues. Materials and methods: Three dimensional planning composed of four fields were done on the CT images using the CorPLAN TPS of a SIEMENS PRIMUS linac. EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulation code was used for the same conditions. The dose distributions obtained from Monte Carlo simulation and the TPS were compared using PDD curve and Dose Difference Percentage index obtained from the two modes. Results: According to the findings, the error rate from the TPS was less than 3% in the homogeneous tissue, whereas the error in the heterogeneous tissue was higher than the standard value (more than 5%). Conclusion: The accuracy of CorPLAN TPS at homogeneous tissue is more than that in the heterogeneous tissue and this should be considered in the clinic. This study suggests that the Monte Carlo code can be used to simulate and estimate the dose distribution in radiotherapy, and in cases where the practical measurement of some dosimetric parameters is impossible or difficult, this code can be used for prediction and optimization of treatment plans.

Introduction All of the major tectonic zones of Iran, except for the Kopet-Dagh, contain Pan-African crystalline basement. Subduction of the Proto-Tethys at about 630 Ma caused Cadomian arc– and backarc magmatism in the northern margin of Gondwana (Hassanzadeh and Wernicke 2016). Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone with NW-SE trend is the most active zone in Iran that extends to the southeast of Turkey and then to Bitlis Massif. There are many similarities between the Precambrian basement in the zone from Iran with Bitlis and Menderes massifs from Turkey. The study area is a part of a large-scale ductile shear zone, containing a wide range of metamorphic rocks with sedimentary and magmatic origins. Metasedimentary rocks comprise of paragneiss, various schists and meta-carbonates that have cropped out through the shear zone which extends along the Zayandeh-Rood River. Metabasic rocks of the North Shahrekord Metamorphic Complex (NSMC) are composed of amphibolites, garnet amphibolites and eclogites as lenses in metagranitoid bodies and other metamorphic rocks. The work is focused on the origin of the eclogites based on field geology, petrography, geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopic ratios. The new petrological and geochemical analyses are presented to show a geodynamic model for the protolith of the eclogites and their relations to Proto-Tethys subduction during Late Neoproterozoic. Materials and methods After microscopic studies, nine fresh samples were selected for whole-rock geochemical analysis (XRF and ICP-MS analysis) for determining the major trace elements, and REE contents. Six samples were analyzed at Nagoya University (Japan) and three samples were analyzed for XRF at Salzburg University (Austria) and ICP-MS, in ACME lab (Vancouver, Canada). Results Chondrite normalized REE diagrams display minor enrichment of LREE in comparison with HREE. (La/Yb)cn ratio varies between 1.7 to 2.7 without Eu anomaly. Primary mantle normalized diagram of trace elements show negative anomaly in P, Ti, Nb and Zr. Initial magma had been a basalt to andesite-basalt composition. Tholeiitic magma are revealed by relatively flat REE patterns and geochemical diagrams for their protolith. The geochemical data of the NSMC eclogites shows compositional characteristics of E-MORB which is composed of a mix of lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle, and final melt segregation has occurred at depths between 10 to 30 km. Spinel was aluminum bearing phase in the mantle. Tectonic discrimination diagrams display that magma is formed in a back-arc basin environment. Studying Sr-Nd isotopes specifies a range of 0.707 to 0.711 for 87Sr/86Sr and 0.5129 as an average of 143Nd/144Nd. ɛNdt varies between 3 to 7. Moreover, the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the samples vary from 0.705–0.709 (Malek-Mahmoudi et al., 2017). The isotopic evidences indicate that the initial magmas are formed from the mixture of EMII and MORB reservoir with a 0.4 to 0.8 influence of the subduction component. Discussion Iranian basement rocks that were affected by the Cadomian orogeny are reported from different zones of Iran with an age range between 630 to 514 Ma (Hassanzadeh and Wernicke 2016). Neoproterozoic rocks of the Gondwana supercontinent, which were formed in a back-arc basin setting, have been reported from some zones of Iran, such as Alborz, Central Iran and Zagros Hormoz complex (e.g. Etemad Saeed et al., 2015; Faramarzi et al., 2015; Hosseini et al., 2015( and also from Turkey (e.g. Gürsu and Göncüoglu, 2005). Ages of the back-arc successions range from 570 to 530 Ma (e.g., Abbo et al., 2015; Shafaii Moghadam et al., 2016). Our geochemical evidences indicate the formation of a continental back-arc basin in Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone during Late Neoproterozoic. The association of eclogites with meta-sedimentary rocks including paragneiss, schist, quartzite, metadolomite and metasandstone, display a shallow marine sedimentary environment. The combination of field observations and chemical composition of the eclogites shows that the protolith of the rocks are formed at a rifted back-arc basin at the Gondwana during late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian. Then, high-pressure metamorphic phase was affected on the rocks during Early Jurassic (Davoudian et al., 2016). Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Shahrekord University for providing the budget for this research. References Abbo, A., Avigad, D., Gerdes, A. and Güngör, T., 2015. Cadomian basement and Paleozoic to Triassic siliciclastics of the Taurides (Karacahisar dome, south-central Turkey): paleogeographic constraints from U–Pb–Hf in zircons. Lithos, 227(1): 122–139. Davoudian, A., Genser, J., Neubauer, F. and Shabanian, N., 2016. 40 Ar/39 Ar mineral ages of eclogites from North Shahrekord in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, Iran: Implications for the tectonic evolution of Zagros orogen. Gondwana Research, 37(1): 216–240. Etemad Saeed, N., Hosseini-Barzi, M., Adabi, M.H., Sadeghi, A. and Houshmandzadeh, A., 2015. Provenance of Neoproterozoic sedimentary basement of northern Iran, Kahar Formation. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 111(1): 54–75. Faramarzi, N.S., Amini, S., Schmitt, A.K., Hassanzadeh, J., Borg, G., McKeegan, K., Razavi, S.M.H. and Mortazavi, S.M., 2015. Geochronology and geochemistry of rhyolites from Hormuz Island, southern Iran: A new record of Cadomian arc magmatism in the Hormuz Formation. Lithos, 236(1): 203–211. Gürsu, S. and Göncüoglu, M.C., 2005. Early Cambrian back-arc volcanism in the western Taurides, Turkey: implications for rifting along the northern Gondwanan margin. Geological Magazine, 142(05): 617–631. Hassanzadeh, J. and Wernicke, B.P., 2016. The Neotethyan Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of Iran as an archetype for passive margin-arc transitions. Tectonics, 35(1): 586–621. Hosseini, S.H., Sadeghian, M., Zhai, M. and Ghasemi, H., 2015. Petrology, geochemistry and zircon U–Pb dating of Band-e-Hezarchah metabasites (NE Iran): An evidence for back-arc magmatism along the northern active margin of Gondwana. Chemie der Erde-Geochemistry, 75(2): 207–218. Shafaii Moghadam, H., Li, X.H., Stern, R.J., Santos, J.F., Ghorbani, G. and Pourmohsen, M., 2016. Age and nature of 560–520 Ma calc-alkaline granitoids of Biarjmand, northeast Iran: insights into Cadomian arc magmatism in northern Gondwana. International Geology Review, 58(12): 1492–1509.

Abstract Monogenic diabetes mellitus (eg, Wolcott‐Rallison syndrome) is a rare condition. It associates with neonatal or early‐infancy insulin‐dependent diabetes. We reported DKA in the four‐month infant as the first presentation of monogenic diabetes that has accelerated by COVID‐19 infection. Therefore, considering the concurrency of COVID‐19 and DKA is crucial.

Surfaces with antifouling properties are critical for optimizing biosensors to improve the selectivity and specificity of analyte detection in complex biological samples. This work describes the four-step synthesis of 3-dithiothreitol propanoic acid (DTTCOOH), a new antifouling thiol linker that (a) significantly reduces fouling of raw human serum samples and (b) binds amino receptors via its terminal carboxylic acid group. DTTCOOH was successfully functionalized on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) discs and used to anchor penicillin-binding aptamers. Relative to bare and coated (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and 1-undecanethiol (UDT)) QCM crystals, DTTCOOH’s antifouling improved by approximately 75–86%. Following aptamer/ethanolamine extension, the modified DTTCOOH layer reduced serum fouling by approximately 95–97% compared to bare and coated (MUA, UDT) crystals. QCM with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring, contact goniometry, and cyclic voltammetry techniques were used to compare the DTTCOOH surfaces with quartz crystals functionalized with hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen in human sepsis. The emergence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains represents a major clinical challenge in nosocomial and community acquired infections. The long pentraxin PTX3, a key component of humoral innate immunity, is involved in resistance to selected pathogens by promoting opsonophagocytosis. We investigated the relevance of PTX3 in innate immunity against K. pneumoniae infections using Ptx3-/- mice and mouse models of severe K. pneumoniae infections. Local and systemic PTX3 expression was induced following K. pneumoniae pulmonary infection, in association with the up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β. PTX3 deficiency in mice was associated with higher bacterial burden and mortality, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as IL-10 in the lung and systemically. The analysis of the mechanisms responsible of PTX3-dependent control of K. pneumoniae infection revealed that PTX3 did not interact with K. pneumoniae, or promote opsonophagocytosis. The comparison of susceptibility of wild-type, Ptx3-/-, C3-/- and Ptx3-/-/C3-/- mice to the infection showed that PTX3 acted in a complement-independent manner. Lung histopathological analysis showed more severe lesions in Ptx3-/- mice with fibrinosuppurative, necrotizing and haemorrhagic bronchopneumonia, associated with increased fibrin deposition in the lung and circulating fibrinogen consumption. These findings indicate that PTX3 contributes to the control of K. pneumoniae infection by modulating inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Thus, this study emphasizes the relevance of the role of PTX3 as regulator of inflammation and orchestrator of tissue repair in innate responses to infections.

Mood disorders represent a pressing public health issue and significant source of disability throughout the world. The classical monoamine hypothesis, while useful in developing improved understanding and clinical treatments, has not fully captured the complex nature underlying mood disorders. Despite these shortcomings, the monoamine hypothesis continues to dominate the conceptual framework when approaching mood disorders. However, recent advances in basic and clinical research have led to a greater appreciation for the role that amino acid neurotransmitters play in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and as potential targets for novel therapies. In this article we review progress of compounds that focus on these systems. We cover both glutamate-targeting drugs such as: esketamine, AVP-786, REL-1017, AXS-05, rapastinel (GLYX-13), AV-101, NRX-101; as well as GABA-targeting drugs such as: brexanolone (SAGE-547), ganaxolone, zuranolone (SAGE-217), and PRAX-114. We focus the review on phase-II and phase-III clinical trials and evaluate the extant data and progress of these compounds.

We introduce and study the concept of $alpha $-semi short modules. Using this concept we extend some of the basic results of $alpha $-short modules to $alpha $-semi short modules. We observe that if $M$ is an $alpha $-semi short module then the dual perfect dimension of $M$ is $alpha $ or $alpha +1$. %In particular, if a semiprime ring $R$ is $alpha $-semi short as an $R$-module, then its Noetherian dimension either is $alpha$ or $alpha +1$.

Milk is a significant foodstuff around the world, being produced and consumed in large quantities. The safe consumption of milk requires that the liquid has an acceptably low level of microbial contamination and has not been subjected to spoiling. Bacterial safety limits in milk vary by country but are typically in the thousands per mL of sample. To rapidly determine if samples contain an unsafe level of bacteria, an aptamer-based sensor specific to Escherichia coli bacteria was developed. The sensor is based on an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor device (EMPAS), with the aptamer being covalently bound to the sensor surface by the anti-fouling linker, MEG-Cl. The sensor is capable of the selective measurement of E. coli in PBS and in cow’s milk samples down to limits of detection of 35 and 8 CFU/mL, respectively, which is well below the safe limits for commercial milk products. This sensing system shows great promise for the milk industry for the purpose of rapid verification of product safety.

Introduction: Because radiology technologists are exposed to protracted low-dose ionizing radiation and considering the possible effects of low-dose radiation on blood factors, we aimed to investigate the effects of occupational exposure on blood factors of radiographers working in radiology departments of Khuzestan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Khuzestan Province, Iran, during 2015. Blood samples were obtained from 95 radiology technologists and 85 matched, nonradiated controls. The participants were chosen using the cluster sampling method.The data were collected by performing complete blood count (CBC) assay with aSysmexcell counter. To analyze the data, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were run in SPSS, version 16. Results: T-test demonstrated that the mean values of blood factors were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (radiographer and non-radiographer) by gender Conclusion: In this study, occupational exposure did not have any deleterious effects on radiographers’ blood factor levels,but with increasing age and work experience in radiographers, number of white blood cell decreased. uction: Because radiologyIntroduction: Because radiology technologists are exposed to protracted low-dose ionizing radiation and considering the possible effects of low-dose radiation on blood factors, we aimed to investigate the effects of occupational exposure on blood factors of radiographers working in radiology departments of Khuzestan Province, Iran.Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Khuzestan Province, Iran, during 2015. Blood samples were obtained from 95 radiology technologists and 85 matched, nonradiated controls. The participants were chosen using the cluster sampling method. The data were collected by performing complete blood count (CBC) assay with a Sysmex cell counter. To analyze the data, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were run in SPSS, version 16.Results: T-test demonstrated that the mean values of blood factors were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (radiographer and non-radiographer) by genderConclusion: In this study, occupational exposure did not have any deleterious effects on radiographers’ blood factor levels, but with increasing age and work experience in radiographers, number of white blood cell decreased. technologists are exposed to protracted low-dose ionizing radiation and considering the possible effects of low-dose radiation on blood factors, we aimed to investigate the effects of occupational exposure on blood factors of radiographers working in radiology departments of Khuzestan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Khuzestan Province, Iran, during 2015. Blood samples were obtained from 95 radiology technologists and 85 matched, nonradiated controls. The participants were chosen using the cluster sampling method.The data were collected by performing complete blood count (CBC) assay with aSysmexcell counter. To analyze the data, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were run in SPSS, version 16. Results: T-test demonstrated that the mean values of blood factors were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (radiographer and non-radiographer) by gender Conclusion: In this study, occupational exposure did not have any deleterious effects on radiographers’ blood factor levels,but with increasing age and work experience in radiographers, number of white blood cell decreased.

BACKGROUND One of the earliest diagnostic signs of hepatorenal syndrome in patients suffering from liver cirrhosis is an increase in the renal vascular resistive index (RI). In this study, the impact of propranolol on decreasing this index and to postpone the probability of hepatorenal syndrome has been investigated. METHODS In the current research, 30 patients with liver cirrhosis with different age and sexes have been enrolled. Demographic data and complete medical history have been collected using a specific questionnaire. At first, renal artery Doppler ultrasonography was performed to determine the RI. The patients were then treated with propranolol, and under supervision, the dose of the drug was increased gradually every 3 to 5 days to reach the target of 25% decrease in resting heart rate. One month after reaching the target dose of the medicine, Doppler ultrasonography was repeated for the patients and the second RI was compared with the pretreatment ones. RESULTS According to our results after treatment with propranolol, a significant decrease of RI was observed (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) before and after treatment with propranolol (p = 0.290). In our study, we found that administering propranolol was associated with significant changes in RI and GFR between the patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis (mean change: -0.005 ± 0.017 vs. -0.058 ± 0.045; p < 0.01 for RI and -4.226 ± 17.440 vs. 13.486 ± 12.047; p < 0.01 for GFR in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, respectively). CONCLUSION Propranolol reduces renal vascular RI in patients with cirrhosis. The response rates in the patients with decompensating cirrhosis were significantly higher than the patients with compensating cirrhosis.

Introduction and purpose: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in stressful jobs is very high. The people suffering from these disorders have low decision-making ability and perceived social support, while they have high physical and psychological job requirements. Regarding this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of waist and back pain on occupational stress. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 employees of Abadan Ports and Marine Administration in 2016. The study population was selected through random sampling method. The data were collected using Health and Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator and Body Discomfort Chart. Data analysis was performed using descriptive (i.e., frequency andpercentage) and inferential statistics (i.e., t-test) in SPSS version 18. Results: According to the findings, 50% and 31% of the participants had experienced waist and back pain, respectively. The highest and lowest stress levels in this study were related to role (77%) and communication (2.32%), respectively. The results of the t-test revealed a significant difference between the people with waist pain and those without such pain in terms of peer support, role, communication, and variations (P

Background and aims: The use of safety signs is one of the common methods of Informing and alerting the workers in relation whith type and severity of hazards in the workplace, These signs use to inform a person of danger And encourage him to do the protective measures. According to this, appropriate comprehension of safety signs in workplace is very important, The purpose of this study was evaluation of the perception of safety signs and related factors. Methods: This Analytical-Descriptive study was done in 2013-2014 for 3 provinces in industrial region of Khuzestan, Fars, and Tehran. Samples in this study were 370 workers of these states who werenchr('39')t colorblind., this study use a standard questionnaire from international organization standard (ISO 9186-1) and American National Standards Institute understanding Criteria of safety signs(ANSIZ535.3)also the questionnaire of demographic information were be used. 13 safety signs were utilized for determination of the perception. Stratified – Random sampling methods for sampling and statistical test of Chi-Squer for analyzing data were applied, by means of SPSS (ver.16) and excel software. Results: The results showed that comprehension of safety signs divided by province and according to standards ANSI Z535.3 and ISO3864, Most of the correspondence respectively with 76% and 92%, related to the province Khuzestan, also results showed that all safety signs have a significant relationship between the perception of signs and type of industry P

Introduction Studied mylonitic granite-gneiss body is located in the Northwest of the Azna region in the Lorestan province close to the June dimension stone mine. It is a part of the metamorphic- magmatic complex including granite-gneiss, amphibolite, marble and schist. The crystalline basement is attributed to late-Neoproterozoic and it indicates a Panafrican basement, which yields a laser-ablation ICP–MS U–Pb zircon ages of 608 ± 18 Ma and 588 ± 41 Ma (Shakerardakani et al., 2015). There are two granite-gneiss plutons in the complex that are Galeh– Dezh (Shabanian et al., 2009), and June plutons. The Galeh-Doz pluton are previously proposed as syn-deformation pluton with a major S-shaped bend which has been imparted during dextral shearing with a Late Cretaceous (Mohajjel and Fergusson, 2000). However, new age dating on the pluton using U–Pb in the magmatic zircon produced the late-Neoproterozoic dates (Nutman et al., 2014; Shakerardakani et al., 2015). The granite-gneiss plutons show mylonitic fabrics and microstructures (Shabanian et al., 2010). The geochemical characteristics of mylonitic granite-gneiss body near June mine in NW Azna, is in the focus of our research. Materials and methods Petrographic investigations of 30 thin sections were made. Then eight samples were selected and analyzed for whole rock major, trace and REE compositions by ICP-emission spectrometry and ICP-mass spectrometry using natural rock standards as reference samples for calibration at the ACME Analytical Laboratories in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Results The studied gneiss- granitic body has lepido-granoblastic texture as its major texture. It variably shows evidence of dynamic deformation from ultramylonite to protomylonite. The gneiss- granite consists of quartz, alkali feldspar (mostly as perthite), plagioclase, biotite, white mica (muscovite and phengitic muscovite). Accessory phases in the granitoid include, tourmaline, zircon, magmatic epidote, allanite, apatite, and magnetite. The mylonitic gneiss-granite has a mantled porphyroclast texture that may be characterized by large asymmetrical porphyroclasts of K-feldspar and plagioclase with a mantle which includes white-mica, biotite, quartz and feldspar aggregates. Some of the petrographic evidence show dynamic deformation during the crystallization such as grain boundary migration (GBM) or sub-grain rotation (SGR), patchy perthite. Evidence of strain, such as deformation twins, bent or curved twins, undulatory extinction occur characteristically in plagioclase and display dynamic deformation in solid state. The rocks exhibit identical compositional ranges with 71.24–78.35 wt.% SiO2; high levels of alkalies (Na2O ranges from 3.07 to 4.02 %, K2O varies from 4.18 to 5.53 %); low levels of Fe2O3tot (0.80 to 2.60 %). Also, the trace element compositions display significant variations, such as Zr (157.7-330.5 ppm), Eu (0.07-0.28 ppm), Nb (40.9-77.3 ppm), Ga (19.7-25.97 ppm). The studied rocks are strongly enriched in LREE and HFSE and show a strong depletion in Ba, Sr, Eu and Ti and enrichment in Rb and Zr. The element contents are also similar to typical A-type granite (Whalen et al., 1987). The rocks are alkali to alkali-calcic, metaluminous to mildly peraluminous granite and ferroan in new geochemical classification scheme for granitoids (proposed by Frost et al., 2001). Discussion The chondrite-normalized rare-earth element patterns of the mylonitic gneiss- granitic rocks indicate the LREE over HREE fractionation with significant negative Eu anomalies. Primitive-mantle-normalized spidergrams (Sun and McDonough, 1989) normalized trace element patterns with negative Ba and Nb anomalies, and positive Rb, Th and Ce anomalies, simulate the collisional and post-collisional granitoids of Pearce et al (Pearce et al., 1984). All of the samples fall in the A2 group in Eby classification (Eby, 1992). On the tectonic discrimination plots, the granites show a within-plate granite (WPG) character (Pearce et al., 1984). Acknowledgements The study was completed at the Shahrekord University and it was supported by the office of graduate studies. The authors are grateful to the office for their support. References Eby, G.N., 1992. Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: petrogenetic and tectonic implications. Chemical Geology, 20(7): 641–644. Mohajjel, M. and Fergusson, C.L., 2000. Dextral transpression in Late Cretaceous continental collision, Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, western Iran. Journal of Structural Geology, 22(8): 1125-1139. Nutman, A.P., Mohajjel, M., Bennett, V.C. and Fergusson, C.L., 2014. Gondwanan Eoarchean Neoproterozoic ancient crustal material in Iran and Turkey: zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic evidence1. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 51(3): 272–285. Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.W. and Tindle, A.G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25(4): 956–983. Shabanian, N., Davoudian, A.R., Khalili, M. and Khodami, M., 2010. Texture evidences imply on dynamic conditions in late-stage to post magmatic crystallization from dynamo-magmatic gnessies of Ghaleh-Dezh, Azna. Iranian Society of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 18(3): 463-472. (in Persian with English abstract) Shabanian, N., Khalili, M., Davoudian, A.R. and Mohajjel, M., 2009. Petrography and geochemistry of mylonitic granite from Ghaleh-Dezh, NW Azna, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Mineralogie-Abhandlungen, 185(3): 233-248. Shakerardakani, F., Neubauer, F., Masoudi, F., Mehrabi, B., Liu, X., Dong, Y., Mohajjel, M., Monfaredi, B. and Friedl, G., 2015. Panafrican basement and Mesozoic gabbro in the Zagros orogenic belt in the Dorud–Azna region (NWIran): Laser-ablation ICP–MS zircon ages and geochemistry. Tectonophysics, 647–648: 146–171. Sun, S.S. and McDonough, W.E., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: A.D. Saunders and M.J. Norry (Editor), Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society 42, London, pp. 313–345. Whalen, J.B., Currie, K.L. and Chappell, B.W., 1987. A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 95(4): 407–419.

Introduction The formation of porphyry copper deposits is attributed to the shallow emplacement, and subsequent cooling of the hydrothermal system of porphyritic intrusive rocks (Titley and Bean, 1981). These deposits have usually been developed along the chain of subduction-related volcanic and calc-alkalin batholiths (Sillitoe, 2010). Nevertheless, it is now confirmed that porphyry copper systems can also form in collisional and post collisional settings (Zarasvandi et al., 2015b). Detailed studies on the geochemical features of ore-hosting porphyry Cu-Mo-Au intrusions indicate that they are generally adakitic, water and sulfur- riched, and oxidized (Wang et al., 2014). For example, high oxygen fugacity of magma has decisive role in transmission of copper and gold to the porphyry systems as revealed in (Wang et al., 2014). In this regard, the present work deals with the mineral chemistry of amphibole and plagioclase in the Dalli porphyry Cu-Au deposit. The data is used to achieve the physical and chemical conditions of magma and its impact on mineralization. Moreover, the results of previous studies on the hydrothermal system of the Dalli deposit such as Raman laser spectroscopy and fluid inclusion studies are included for determination of the evolution from magmatic to hydrothermal conditions. Materials and methods In order to correctly characterize the physical and chemical conditions affecting the trend of mineralization, 20 least altered and fractured samples of diorite and quartz-diorite intrusions were chosen from boreholes. Subsequently, 20 thin-polished sections were prepared in the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Finally, mineral chemistry of amphibole and plagioclase were determined using electron micro probe analyses (EMPA) in the central lab of the Leoben University. Results Amphibole that is one of the the main rock-forming minerals can form in a wide variety of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Accordingly, amphibole chemistry can be used as an indicator for characterizing the conditions involved during the evaluation of magma crystallization i.e., pressure, temperature, liquid water content and oxygen fugacity. Most recent studies on the porphyry copper intrusions in the Urumieh- Dokhtar magmatic arc by (Zarasvandi et al., 2015a), indicate that all of the mineralized porphyry systems (Dalli porphyry is included) consistently show high levels of La/Sm and Sm/Yb, with concave upward patterns in the rare earth elements’ spider diagrams. Importantly, such features indicate high crustal assimilation in a relatively thickened crust and provide insight into the contribution of hornblende during the development of mineralized porphyry systems in the Urumieh- Dokhtar belt. The results of this study indicate that amphiboles of Dalli intrusions belong to the calsic group and range in composition from magnesio- hornblende, to edenite, magnesiohastingsite, and tschermakite. (Ridolfi et al., 2010), indicating that the alumina content of amphibole could be used for geobarometry. The calculations of geobarometry for quartz diorite intrusions of Dalli indicate that they formed in the pressure range of 136 to 287 (MPa). Also, calculation of magmatic water content using amphibole geochemistry indicates that the water content of quartz diorite intrusions in the Dalli were between 4.6- 5.7 (wt. %). The results of plagioclase chemistry indicate that there is a little zoning in this mineral. Also, the plagioclase composition varies from Or0.01 to Ab 0.48, An 0.50, Or 0.018, Ab 0.62 and An 0.35. They mostly have Andesine and Labradorite compositions. Discussion Amphibole minerals of the Dalli intrusions are calcic type and exhibit geochemical signatures of subduction zones. Also, characterizing the source of ore-hosting intrusions with amphibole chemistry indicate that parental magma of Dalli intrusion were generated from mixing of mantle melts with crustal materials. It seems that in an ongoing process of closure of Neo-Tethys, during compression and crustal shortening favourable conditions were provided for mixing of mantle melts with crustal materials. The geothermobaromerty calculations using amphibole and plagioclase minerals indicate conditions of 777 - 850 oC and 1-4 Kbar, representing magmatic stage of Dalli intrusions. Also, amphibole minerals are characterized by Fetot/Fetot + Mg > 0.3 and AlIV > 0.7 which reveal the presence of primary oxidative magma in the Dalli porphyry Cu-Au deposit. Oxidative conditions seem to have prevailed during the onset of the hydrothermal stage of the Dalli porphyry deposit. This is because it has been confirmed by laser Raman spectroscopy analyses that the most primitive quartz veins in the potassic alteration of the Dalli deposit are characterized by the presence of anhydrite and hematite minerals (see Zarasvandi et al., 2015b). Also, microthermometry results on the most primitive barren quartz veins in potassic alteration represent temperatures as high as 620oC which indicate the beginning temperature of hydrothermal conditions. Acknowledgements Many thanks are due to the office of vice-chancellor of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz for valuable information concerning the field work and sampling. References Ridolfi, F., Renzulli, A. and Puerini, M., 2010. Stability and chemical equilibrium of amphibole in calc-alkaline magmas: An overview, new thermobarometric formulations and application to subduction-related volcanoes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 160(1): 45–66. Sillitoe, R.H., 2010. Porphyry Copper Systems. Economic Geology, 105(1): 3-41. Titley, S.R. and Beane, R.E., 1981. Porphyry copper deposits. Part 1. Geologic Setting, Petrology, and Tectogenesis. In: J.W. Hedenquist, J.F.H. Thompson, R.J. Goldfarb and J.P. Richards (Editors), Economic Geologists, 75th Anniversary Volume. Society of Economic Geologists, U.S.A, pp. 214-234. Wang, R., Richards, J.P., Hou, Z.Q., Yang, Z.M., Gou, Z.B. and DuFrane, A., 2014. Increasing Magmatic Oxidation State from Paleocene to Miocene in the Eastern Gangdese Belt, Tibet: Implication for Collision-Related Porphyry Cu-Mo ±Au Mineralization. Economic Geology, 109(7): 1943–1965. Zarasvandi, A., Rezaei, M., Sadeghi, M., Lentz, D., Adelpour, M. and Pourkaseb, H., 2015a. Rare earth element signatures of economic and sub-economic porphyry copper systems in Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA), Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 70: 407-423. Zarasvandi, A., Rezaei, M., Raith, J., Lentz, D., Azimzadeh, A.M. and Pourkaseb, H., 2015b. Geochemistry and fluid characteristics of the Dalli porphyry Cu–Au deposit, Central Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 111: 175-191.

Introduction and purpose: The growing use of ionizing radiation in disease diagnosis necessitaes the appropriate use of devices and awareness regarding the principles of radiation protection. With appropriate adoption of personal protection equipment and compliance with the existing regulations in relation to protection of the buildings where sources of ionizing radiation are located in, the adverse effects of radiation can be curtailed to a great extent. Methods: In this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, we investigated the rate of compliance with radiation protection standards of 45 radiography rooms in 32 diagnostic imaging centers in Khuzestan Province, Iran, 2015. The centers were chosen through random cluster sampling method. The data were obtained using open-ended interview and a checklist designed based on the recommendations of the International Commission for Radiation Protection and Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. Results: The compliance rates with regard to radiology room, radiology equipment, darkroom, and radiographer’s protection were 80.76%, 80.47%, 69.28%, and 93.12%, respectively. Maximum and minimum rates of compliance with the standards were related to performance of the cassette tray (100%) and hopper status (25%), respectively. Comparison of public and private imaging centers in terms of safety standards showed no significant differences (P>0.05).Conclusion: The observance of the radiation protection standards in Khuzestan Province was in a relativly desirable condition. However, there are some shortcomings in compliance with the principles of protection in the darkroom. In this regard, with recommend adopting protection measures such as timelyreplacement of processing solution, appropriate ventilation of darkroom, provisionof protection equipment and appliances, and protection training required for entering the darkroom.

Introduction The study area is a part of the Sanandaj- Sirjan zone that is located in the NW of Azna city and NE of the dimension stone mine of Jan between 49° 11' 41"and 49° 16' 07" E longitude and 33° 36'35" and 33° 38'12" N latitude., A pluton of mylonitic granite-gneiss is exposed in the area which contains abundant tourmalines as black and patchy or subgrain association. Geochemically, the studied granite-gneiss is A-type, peraluminous to slightly metaluminous and calc – alkaline to slightly alkaline (Moradi et al., 7). The electron microprobe analyses of the tourmalines display shorl-dravite in composition with more tendency to shorl (Moradi et al., 2015). In this paper we try to study the petrological sites of tourmaline formation with associated minerals, controller factors of crystallization using mineral chemistry of tourmaline, comprehensive behavior of trace elements in the tourmaline, synthetic phase diagrams and finally relationships between the associated minerals. Materials and methods The results of trace-element and major-element analyses were obtained from one polished thin section including 2 tourmaline grains. Major-element analyses of tourmaline were obtained at Oklahama City University of America using the JEOL 8200 electron microprobe with a spot size of 5 μm and trace-element analyses were performed on just a sample by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) a 193nm ArF excimer laser ablation system (MicroLas GeoLas 200Q) in combination with a quadrupole ICP-MS (Micromass Platform ICP) at Utrecht University of Netherland. Representative EMP and LA-ICP-MS analyses of tourmaline samples are presented in Tables1 and 2. Results The results of LA-ICP-MS on tourmalines of Jan mine in the North east of mylonitic granite-gneiss body show that distribution and diffusion of trace elements during the growth of tourmaline trend is positive on the plots of binary Mn versus Fetot / (Fetot +Mg) and it represents the formation of the tourmaline mineral from the melt is along with the progress of the differentiation (Jolliff et al., 1987; Kontak et al., 2002). Also the average composition of tourmaline – bearing mylonitic granite-gneiss pluton normalized spider diagram for the studied tourmaline shows positive anomaly and negative anomaly in Eu that indicates tourmaline minerals surrounded by quartz and feldspar grains (Copjakova et al., 2013). Secondary phases such as zircon and allanite very much effect on the REE patterns (Rollinson, 1993). Therefore, in the final stages of differentiation, allanite appeared earlier than it appeared in areas without tourmaline crystalliziation and LREE soon after tourmaline crystalized and they are deposited (Cuney and Friedrich, 1987). Using a combination of phase diagrams, the controlling factors of creation of tourmaline associated with biotite-tourmaline can be assessed, and the relationship between tourmaline and associated minerals, chemistry of tourmaline – bearing granitoid pluton, and location of petrological minerals tourmaline can be sought (Pesquera et al., 2005). Discussion The results of LA-ICP-MS on tourmalines of mylonitic granite-gneiss body in the north east of Jan mine in Sanandaj – Sirjan Zone represents tourmaline crystallization from the melt along with the progress of the differentiation. Also, the average composition of tourmaline – bearing mylonitic granite-gneiss pluton normalized spider diagram for the studied tourmaline shows positive anomaly and negative anomaly in Eu that indicates that tourmalines are surrounded by quartz and feldspar grains. According to petrographic evidence of tourmaline and biotite, it can be seen with muscovite. Therefore, where tourmaline is dominant, biotite and associated minerals are limited or do not exist. Using a combination of phase diagrams controlling factors of tourmaline crystallization associated with biotite-tourmaline can be assessed, and the relationship between tourmaline and associated minerals, chemistry of tourmaline – bearing granitoid pluton, and location of petrological of tourmaline minerals can be sought. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Shahrekord University for providing the budget for this research. References Copjakova, R., Skoda, R., Galiova, M.V. and Novak, M., 2013. Distributions of Y + REE and Sc in tourmaline and their implications for the melt evolution; examples from NYF pegmatites of the Trebic Pluton, Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 58(2): 113–131. Cuney, M. and Friedrich, M., 1987. Physicochemical and crystalchemical controls on accessory mineral paragenesis in granitoids: implications for uranium metallogenesis. Bulletin Mineralogie, 110(2-3): 235–247. Jolliff, B.L., Papike, J.J. and Laul, J.C., 1987. Mineral recorders of pegmatite internal evolution: REE contents of tourmaline from the Bob Ingersoll pegmatite, South Dakota. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51(8): 2225–2232. Kontak, D.J., Dostal, J., Kyser, K. and Archibald, D.A., 2002. A petrological, geochemical, isotopic and fluidinclusion study of 370 Ma pegmatite–aplite sheets, Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40(5): 1249–1286. Moradi, A., Shabanian Boroujeni, N. and Davodian Dehkordi, A.R., 2015. Geochemistry and determination genesis of tourmalines in the mylonitic granite-gneiss pluton in Northeastern of Jan mine (Lorestan province(. Journal of Petrology, 23(6): 65-82. (in Persian with English abstract) Moradi, A., Shabanian Boroujeni, N. and Davodian Dehkordi, A.R., 2017. Geochemistry of granitoid pluton in northeastern of mine Jan (province Lorestan). Journal of Economic Geology (in Persian with English abstract). (in print) Pesquera, A., Torres-Ruiz, J., Gil-Crespo, P.P. and Jiang, S. Y., 2005. Petrographic, chemical and B-isotopic insights into the origin of tourmaline-rich rocks and boron recycling in the Martinamor antiform (Central Iberian Zone, Salamanca, Spain). Journal of Petrology, 46(5): 1013–1044. Rollinson, H., 1993. Using geochemical data: evolution, presentation, interpretation. Longman Scientific and Technical, London, 352 pp.

The first line of defense in innate immunity is provided by cellular and humoral mediators. Pentraxins are a superfamily of phylogenetically conserved humoral mediators of innate immunity. PTX3, the first long pentraxin identified, is a soluble pattern recognition molecule rapidly produced by several cell types in response to primary pro-inflammatory signals and microbial recognition. PTX3 acts as an important mediator of innate immunity against pathogens of fungal, bacterial and viral origin, and as a regulator of inflammation, by modulating complement activation and cell extravasation, and facilitating pathogen recognition by myeloid cells. In sepsis, PTX3 plasma levels are associated with severity of the condition, patient survival, and response to therapy. In combination with other established biomarkers, PTX3 could improve stratification of sepsis patients and thus, complement the system of classification and monitoring of this disease.

Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme, is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults. Despite the huge advance in developing novel therapeutic strategies for patients with glioblastoma, the appearance of multidrug resistance (MDR) against the common chemotherapeutic agents, including temozolomide, is considered as one of the important causes for the failure of glioblastoma treatment. On the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated the critical roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), particularly in the development of MDR in glioblastoma. Therefore, this article aimed to review lncRNA’s contribution to the regulation of MDR and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in glioblastoma, which will open up new lines of inquiry in the treatment of glioblastoma.

Background and aims: The operating room is a critical place for accident. One of the events that is likely to occur at this location is fire accident during the surgery. Despite of this truth that such accident rarely happen, but they can lead to serious injury or death of patients. Therefore the purpose of this study is the assessment of awareness and practice of operating room personnel about prevention of fire and effective factors in operating room in Khuzestan hospitals. Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted among operating room in Khuzestan hospitals in 2013. In this study, all operating rooms personnel were investigated, in random sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect information and knowledge and practice of operating room personnel about preventing of fire, the relationship between these two factors with the age, work experience and the effect of training, education, sex and job title was considered. To examine the relationship between variants, the SPSS16 was used and compare the groups the Mann–Whitney was used. Results: The Result show that in aware, 15% were high aware, 25% were medium aware, 48/4% were poor aware and 11/1% were unaware, also in operation, 87/2% were high operating, 14/2% were medium operating, 6/7% were poor operating and 8% were very poor. There was no relation between the age and work experience with awareness and operation in Kendalchr('39')s correlation test (P>0.05). the comparison test in this study show that training is effective on operation and awareness (p0/05). This study show that the level of operation of operation room personnel is more than anesthesia personnel and the differences is significant (p