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1. Self-administered mindfulness interventions reduce stress in a large, randomized controlled multi-site study

Author

Sparacio, Alessandro, IJzerman, Hans, Ropovik, Ivan, Giorgini, Filippo, Spiessens, Christoph, Uchino, Bert N., Landvatter, Joshua, Tacana, Tracey, Diller, Sandra J., Derrick, Jaye L., Segundo, Joahana, Pierce, Jace D., Ross, Robert M., Francis, Zoë, LaBoucane, Amanda, Ma-Kellams, Christine, Ford, Maire B., Schmidt, Kathleen, Wong, Celia C., Higgins, Wendy C., Stone, Bryant M., Stanley, Samantha K., Ribeiro, Gianni, Fuglestad, Paul T., Jaklin, Valerie, Kübler, Andrea, Ziebell, Philipp, Jewell, Crystal L., Kovas, Yulia, Allahghadri, Mahnoosh, Fransham, Charlotte, Baranski, Michael F., Burgess, Hannah, Benz, Annika B. E., DeSousa, Maysa, Nylin, Catherine E., Brooks, Janae C., Goldsmith, Caitlyn M., Benson, Jessica M., Griffin, Siobhán M., Dunne, Stephen, Davis, William E., Watermeyer, Tam J., Meese, William B., Howell, Jennifer L., Standiford Reyes, Laurel, Strickland, Megan G., Dickerson, Sally S., Pescatore, Samantha, Skakoon-Sparling, Shayna, Wunder, Zachary I., Day, Martin V., Brenton, Shawna, Linden, Audrey H., Hawk, Christopher E., O’Brien, Léan V., Urgyen, Tenzin, McDonald, Jennifer S., van der Schans, Kim Lien, Blocker, Heidi, Ng Tseung-Wong, Caroline, and Jiga-Boy, Gabriela M.

Published
2024
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2. 'We Didn't See That the Same Way': A Dyadic Analysis of a Cross-Cultural Student Teaching Experience

Author

Davis, William J., Hamblin, Jamie H., and Yan, Jiazhen

Abstract

The growth of Utah's dual language immersion (DLI) program has led to situations where student and mentor teachers teach in settings far different from their home countries' schools, while supervisors observe lessons in unfamiliar languages. This study examined critical incidents in a cross-cultural student teaching experience consisting of a student teacher teaching in a Chinese DLI classroom and supported by a Chinese mentor and a non-Chinese speaking university supervisor. We collected and analyzed audio from dyad meetings, from a triad meeting, and also audio from one-on-one interviews. Our findings raise questions about differences in how teaching is discussed between triad members, as well as whether such student teaching arrangements inhibit student teacher growth due to language or cultural barriers.

Published
2023

3. A Case Study of Chinese Teachers' Professional Learning in a Chinese Dual Language Immersion Program

Author

Yan, Jiazhen and Davis, William J.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the professional development (PD) needs of Chinese dual language immersion program (DLI) educators, particularly the PD supports these teachers receive. This instrumental case study examined the professional learning of four Chinese language DLI teachers through semi-structured interviews and observations of classroom teaching and PD trainings. Findings suggest the Utah DLI model indelibly shapes teachers' work and learning as teachers. Chinese DLI teachers also identify needs that are particular to their teaching role like adapting/translating resources; however, the findings also confirm other scholarship indicating Chinese DLI teachers' particular needs are not well supported. PD received by participants was general in nature, rather than differentiated for Chinese DLI teachers' needs.

Published
2023

4. Sharing Experiences to Cultivate 'A More Open Mind about Teaching': A Co/Autoethnography of Pre-Collegiate Teaching Experiences

Author

Davis, William J. and Julian, Abigail

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to create a third space between a teacher educator and an undergraduate student to explore teaching experiences while in high school within non-formal education (NFE) programs in which we participated. We developed a series of five prompts that we responded to individually, meeting via Zoom to discuss our experiences and teacher learning. Our collaborative and iterative analysis revealed four categories related to our non-formal education teaching experiences:(1) how teacher learning was impacted by particular contexts in which it took place; (2) how our experiences revealed different and broader notions of teaching than we observed in our formal education experiences; (3) how certain contradictions shaped, and perhaps inhibited, our learning as teachers; and (4) what we learned from the teaching we did in NFE programs. Our findings depict how young people in recent years may accrue experiences teaching infrequently accounted for in previous scholarship.

Published
2023

5. Fast, low-loss all-optical phase modulation in warm rubidium vapour

Author

Davis, William, Burdekin, Paul, Wasawo, Tabijah, Thomas, Sarah E, Mosley, Peter J, Nunn, Joshua, and McGarry, Cameron

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Low-loss high-speed switches are an integral component of future photonic quantum technologies, with applications in state generation, multiplexing, and the implementation of quantum gates. Phase modulation is one method of achieving this switching, but existing optical phase modulators either achieve high bandwidth or low loss, but not both. We demonstrate fast ($100\,\mathrm{MHz}$ bandwidth), low-loss ($83\pm2\%$ transmission) phase shifting ($\Delta\phi = (0.90\pm0.05)\pi$) in a signal field, induced by a control field, and mediated by the two-photon $5S_{1/2} \rightarrow{} 5P_{3/2} \rightarrow{} 5D_{5/2}$ transition in $^{87}\text{Rb}$ vapour. We discuss routes to enhance both performance and scalability for application to a range of quantum and classical technologies., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, this version includes more detailed simulation with collaborators from Imperial College London

Published
2023

6. Reconstruction of Stochastic Dynamics from Large Streamed Datasets

Author

Davis, William

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

The complex dynamics of physical systems can often be modeled with stochastic differential equations. However, computational constraints inhibit the estimation of dynamics from large time-series datasets. I present a method for estimating drift and diffusion functions from inordinately large datasets through the use of incremental, online, updating statistics. I demonstrate the validity and utility of this method by analyzing three large, varied synthetic datasets, as well as an empirical turbulence dataset. This method will hopefully facilitate the analysis of complex systems from exceedingly large, "big data" scientific datasets, as well as real-time streamed data., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

9. Hadaean to Palaeoarchaean stagnant-lid tectonics revealed by zircon magnetism.

Author

Tarduno, John A, Cottrell, Rory D, Bono, Richard K, Rayner, Nicole, Davis, William J, Zhou, Tinghong, Nimmo, Francis, Hofmann, Axel, Jodder, Jaganmoy, Ibañez-Mejia, Mauricio, Watkeys, Michael K, Oda, Hirokuni, and Mitra, Gautam

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Abstract

Plate tectonics is a fundamental factor in the sustained habitability of Earth, but its time of onset is unknown, with ages ranging from the Hadaean to Proterozoic eons1-3. Plate motion is a key diagnostic to distinguish between plate and stagnant-lid tectonics, but palaeomagnetic tests have been thwarted because the planet's oldest extant rocks have been metamorphosed and/or deformed4. Herein, we report palaeointensity data from Hadaean-age to Mesoarchaean-age single detrital zircons bearing primary magnetite inclusions from the Barberton Greenstone Belt of South Africa5. These reveal a pattern of palaeointensities from the Eoarchaean (about 3.9 billion years ago (Ga)) to Mesoarchaean (about 3.3 Ga) eras that is nearly identical to that defined by primary magnetizations from the Jack Hills (JH; Western Australia)6,7, further demonstrating the recording fidelity of select detrital zircons. Moreover, palaeofield values are nearly constant between about 3.9 Ga and about 3.4 Ga. This indicates unvarying latitudes, an observation distinct from plate tectonics of the past 600 million years (Myr) but predicted by stagnant-lid convection. If life originated by the Eoarchaean8, and persisted to the occurrence of stromatolites half a billion years later9, it did so when Earth was in a stagnant-lid regime, without plate-tectonics-driven geochemical cycling.

Published
2023

10. Author Correction: Self-administered mindfulness interventions reduce stress in a large, randomized controlled multi-site study

Author

Sparacio, Alessandro, IJzerman, Hans, Ropovik, Ivan, Giorgini, Filippo, Spiessens, Christoph, Uchino, Bert N., Landvatter, Joshua, Tacana, Tracey, Diller, Sandra J., Derrick, Jaye L., Segundo, Joahana, Pierce, Jace D., Ross, Robert M., Francis, Zoë, LaBoucane, Amanda, Ma-Kellams, Christine, Ford, Maire B., Schmidt, Kathleen, Wong, Celia C., Higgins, Wendy C., Stone, Bryant M., Stanley, Samantha K., Ribeiro, Gianni, Fuglestad, Paul T., Jaklin, Valerie, Kübler, Andrea, Ziebell, Philipp, Jewell, Crystal L., Kovas, Yulia, Allahghadri, Mahnoosh, Fransham, Charlotte, Baranski, Michael F., Burgess, Hannah, Benz, Annika B. E., DeSousa, Maysa, Nylin, Catherine E., Brooks, Janae C., Goldsmith, Caitlyn M., Benson, Jessica M., Griffin, Siobhán M., Dunne, Stephen, Davis, William E., Watermeyer, Tam J., Meese, William B., Howell, Jennifer L., Standiford Reyes, Laurel, Strickland, Megan G., Dickerson, Sally S., Pescatore, Samantha, Skakoon-Sparling, Shayna, Wunder, Zachary I., Day, Martin V., Brenton, Shawna, Linden, Audrey H., Hawk, Christopher E., O’Brien, Léan V., Urgyen, Tenzin, McDonald, Jennifer S., van der Schans, Kim Lien, Blocker, Heidi, Ng Tseung-Wong, Caroline, and Jiga-Boy, Gabriela M.

Published
2024
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11. Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness, and Beneficence: Exploring the Interdependence of Basic Needs Satisfaction in Postsecondary World Language Education

Author

Davis, William S.

Abstract

Self-determination theory (SDT) provides a cross-cultural, empirical framework for exploring what world (i.e., "foreign") language educators can do to support the satisfaction of their learners' basic psychological needs and, in turn, their autonomous motivation and well-being. Despite this, the identification of approaches to world language pedagogy and curriculum development that are supportive of learners' simultaneous and interdependent--rather than individual and isolated--basic needs satisfaction has been limited. To this end, this study sought to examine the characteristics of postsecondary world language learning environments that were supportive of the balanced, simultaneous satisfactions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as well as beneficence, a candidate need. Participants in the study included thirteen undergraduate world language learners at a large public university in the United States. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed through a qualitative approach involving multiple rounds of deductive coding and two stages of inductive thematic analysis. Results of the analysis identified six themes representing the characteristics of world language learning environments that students perceived to support their autonomy, competence, relatedness, and beneficence. Further, the analysis identified textual evidence for the interdependent satisfaction of students' basic psychological needs via the multidirectional influences of each need on the others. Recommendations for world language teachers and implications for theory and methodology are discussed.

Published
2022

12. 'Oh, I Thought We'd Be Different': A Multifocal, Interdisciplinary Examination of the Fidelity/Adaptation Challenge

Author

Davis, William J., Esposito, Michael, Brown Urban, Jennifer, and Linver, Miriam R.

Abstract

The purpose of this instrumental, multisite case study is to examine fidelity, adaptation, and differentiation challenges found at Wood Badge, a nationwide Boy Scouts of America training for adult volunteer leaders. Our iterative analysis of more than 900 pages of fieldnotes and 400 pages of documents revealed facilitators often explicitly taught syllabus content during the trainings. Observers noted 119 minor differentiations across trainings, notably involving facilitator delivery methods and the duration and scheduling of training segments. Facilitators observed 16 adaptations, which appeared to be based on external conditions at trainings or facilitator preferences, and just three instances of differentiation. Our analysis of the trainings surfaced key fidelity/adaptation issues like overadherence, conflicting notions of deviation, and the impact of preparation on fidelity. In addition, we identified factors influencing facilitators' use of adaptation and differentiation. Recommendations for large-scale trainings are made based on the study's findings.

Published
2023
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14. Social Justice Standards in Teacher Education: Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers' Successes, Struggles, and Futures

Author

Davis, William S. and Jeffery, Tonya D.

Abstract

Teacher education has increasingly situated social justice as a critical outcome in their programs. One resource, the Social Justice Standards (SJS), has been identified as a guiding tool for supporting pre-service teachers (PSTs) to plan for and enact social justice-oriented practices in their teaching. Situated in the context of a rural teacher education program at a predominately White institution (PWI) in Texas, this qualitative study explored the perceived successes, struggles, and future considerations of five pre-service and in-service teachers in using the SJS. Findings illustrate students' varied conceptualizations of social justice and their mixed feelings of confidence, anxiety, fear, and unpreparedness to actualize it in their future teaching.

Published
2021

15. Diploid-dominant life cycles characterize the early evolution of Fungi

Author

Amses, Kevin R, Simmons, D Rabern, Longcore, Joyce E, Mondo, Stephen J, Seto, Kensuke, Jerônimo, Gustavo H, Bonds, Anne E, Quandt, C Alisha, Davis, William J, Chang, Ying, Federici, Brian A, Kuo, Alan, LaButti, Kurt, Pangilinan, Jasmyn, Andreopoulos, William, Tritt, Andrew, Riley, Robert, Hundley, Hope, Johnson, Jenifer, Lipzen, Anna, Barry, Kerrie, Lang, B Franz, Cuomo, Christina A, Buchler, Nicolas E, Grigoriev, Igor V, Spatafora, Joseph W, Stajich, Jason E, and James, Timothy Y

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Diploidy, Fungi, Genome, Fungal, Life Cycle Stages, Phylogeny, life cycle evolution, phylogenomics, aquatic fungi, plesiomorphy
Abstract

Most of the described species in kingdom Fungi are contained in two phyla, the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota (subkingdom Dikarya). As a result, our understanding of the biology of the kingdom is heavily influenced by traits observed in Dikarya, such as aerial spore dispersal and life cycles dominated by mitosis of haploid nuclei. We now appreciate that Fungi comprises numerous phylum-level lineages in addition to those of Dikarya, but the phylogeny and genetic characteristics of most of these lineages are poorly understood due to limited genome sampling. Here, we addressed major evolutionary trends in the non-Dikarya fungi by phylogenomic analysis of 69 newly generated draft genome sequences of the zoosporic (flagellated) lineages of true fungi. Our phylogeny indicated five lineages of zoosporic fungi and placed Blastocladiomycota, which has an alternation of haploid and diploid generations, as branching closer to the Dikarya than to the Chytridiomyceta. Our estimates of heterozygosity based on genome sequence data indicate that the zoosporic lineages plus the Zoopagomycota are frequently characterized by diploid-dominant life cycles. We mapped additional traits, such as ancestral cell-cycle regulators, cell-membrane- and cell-wall-associated genes, and the use of the amino acid selenocysteine on the phylogeny and found that these ancestral traits that are shared with Metazoa have been subject to extensive parallel loss across zoosporic lineages. Together, our results indicate a gradual transition in the genetics and cell biology of fungi from their ancestor and caution against assuming that traits measured in Dikarya are typical of other fungal lineages.

Published
2022

16. Discourse Remixed: Shifting Science Learning through Talk

Author

Premo, Joshua, Cavagnetto, Andy, Collins, Larry, Davis, William B., and Offerdahl, Erika

Abstract

Increasing student engagement with the social practices of science (i.e., communication, collaboration, and critique) is a goal throughout K-16 science education and provides an opportunity for science educators to leverage student discourse to optimize learning. Yet how instructors can encourage forms of discourse which predict increased achievement remain unclear. We examined how structured interdependence shifted student discourse and learning for student groups (n = 78) completing collaborative learning activities in undergraduate science classrooms. All discourse was recorded (3,628 student talk turns) and coded. Results showed that groups experiencing structured interdependence had higher rates of science accuracy, idea reiteration, and justification, as well as higher assessment performance. An additional examination of discourse found accuracy and justification of ideas to have greater presence in the highest performing groups overall. The "in common" nature of discourse shifts between both interdependency groups and those with the highest performance suggest that interdependent structuring may promote learning through shifting idea accuracy and justification during talk. These findings support that interdependency may be a pragmatic step for increasing undergraduate student engagement with social practices of science in laboratory settings.

Published
2023
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17. Who Considers Becoming a World Language Teacher? Comparing Students Who Would with Those Who Won't

Author

Davis, William S., Liu, Bo, and Kim, Josephine

Abstract

Given the ongoing shortage of world language teachers in the United States, growing attention has developed toward recruiting new teachers at the secondary and postsecondary levels. This mixed methods study examined why some university noneducation students involved in language study at a large public institution indicated they would consider becoming a teacher (N = 116) while others would not (N = 129). Analyses indicated that those who would consider the profession were significantly more motivated for language study and had perceived experiencing significantly more instances of communicative and authentic pedagogy, as well as feelings of autonomy, community, and capability in their current language course than their counterparts who would not consider the profession. While passion for languages, teaching, and social contribution were factors that drew students to the profession, those who would not consider world language teaching were primarily dissuaded by a lack of passion for languages and teaching and perceptions of their own inadequate language proficiency.

Published
2023
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18. The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

Author

Buchanan, Erin M., Lewis, Savannah C., Paris, Bastien, Forscher, Patrick S., Pavlacic, Jeffrey M., Beshears, Julie E., Drexler, Shira Meir, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie, Mallik, Peter R, Silan, Miguel Alejandro A., Miller, Jeremy K., IJzerman, Hans, Moshontz, Hannah, Beaudry, Jennifer L., Suchow, Jordan W., Chartier, Christopher R., Coles, Nicholas A., Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Todsen, Anna Louise, Levitan, Carmel A., Azevedo, Flávio, Legate, Nicole, Heller, Blake, Rothman, Alexander J., Dorison, Charles A., Gill, Brian P., Wang, Ke, Rees, Vaughan W., Gibbs, Nancy, Goldenberg, Amit, Thi Nguyen, Thuy-vy, Gross, James J., Kaminski, Gwenaêl, von Bastian, Claudia C., Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz, Azouaghe, Soufian, Bran, Alexandre, Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana, Santos, Anabela Caetano, Reggev, Niv, Zickfeld, Janis H., Akkas, Handan, Pantazi, Myrto, Ropovik, Ivan, Korbmacher, Max, Arriaga, Patrícia, Gjoneska, Biljana, Warmelink, Lara, Alves, Sara G., de Holanda Coelho, Gabriel Lins, Stieger, Stefan, Schei, Vidar, Hanel, Paul H. P., Szaszi, Barnabas, Fedotov, Maksim, Antfolk, Jan, Marcu, Gabriela-Mariana, Schrötter, Jana, Kunst, Jonas R., Geiger, Sandra J., Adetula, Adeyemi, Kocalar, Halil Emre, Kielińska, Julita, Kačmár, Pavol, Bokkour, Ahmed, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar J., Djamai, Ikhlas, Pöntinen, Sara Johanna, AGESIN, Bamikole Emmanuel, Jernsäther, Teodor, Urooj, Anum, Rachev, Nikolay R., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria, Kurfalı, Murathan, Pit, Ilse L., Li, Ranran, Çoksan, Sami, Dubrov, Dmitrii, Paltrow, Tamar Elise, Baník, Gabriel, Korobova, Tatiana, Studzinska, Anna, Jiang, Xiaoming, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Vintr, Jáchym, Chiu, Faith, Kaliska, Lada, Berkessel, Jana B., Tümer, Murat, Morales-Izquierdo, Sara, Chuan-Peng, Hu, Vezirian, Kevin, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Vasilev, Martin R., Beitner, Julia, Kácha, Ondřej, Žuro, Barbara, Westerlund, Minja, Nedelcheva-Datsova, Mina, Findor, Andrej, Krupić, Dajana, Kowal, Marta, Askelund, Adrian Dahl, Pourafshari, Razieh, Đorđević, Jasna Milošević, Schmidt, Nadya-Daniela, Baklanova, Ekaterina, Szala, Anna, Zakharov, Ilya, Vranka, Marek A., Ihaya, Keiko, Grano, Caterina, Cellini, Nicola, Białek, Michał, Anton-Boicuk, Lisa, Dalgar, Ilker, Adıgüzel, Arca, Verharen, Jeroen P. H., Maturan, Princess Lovella G., Kassianos, Angelos P., Oliveira, Raquel, Čadek, Martin, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, Sverdrup, Therese E., Aczel, Balazs, Zambrano, Danilo, Ahmed, Afroja, Tamnes, Christian K., Yamada, Yuki, Volz, Leonhard, Sunami, Naoyuki, Suter, Lilian, Vieira, Luc, Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, Kamburidis, Julia Arhondis, Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Harutyunyan, Mikayel, Adetula, Gabriel Agboola, Allred, Tara Bulut, Barzykowski, Krystian, Antazo, Benedict G, Zsido, Andras N., Šakan, Dušana Dušan, Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, Ahlgren, Lina Pernilla, Hruška, Matej, Vega, Diego, Manunta, Efisio, Mokady, Aviv, Capizzi, Mariagrazia, Martončik, Marcel, Say, Nicolas, Filip, Katarzyna, Vilar, Roosevelt, Staniaszek, Karolina, Vdovic, Milica, Adamkovic, Matus, Johannes, Niklas, Hajdu, Nandor, Cohen, Noga, Overkott, Clara, Krupić, Dino, Hubena, Barbora, Nilsonne, Gustav, Mioni, Giovanna, Solorzano, Claudio Singh, Ishii, Tatsunori, Chen, Zhang, Kushnir, Elizaveta, Karaarslan, Cemre, Ribeiro, Rafael R., Khaoudi, Ahmed, Kossowska, Małgorzata, Bavolar, Jozef, Hoyer, Karlijn, Roczniewska, Marta, Karababa, Alper, Becker, Maja, Monteiro, Renan P., Kunisato, Yoshihiko, Metin-Orta, Irem, Adamus, Sylwia, Kozma, Luca, Czarnek, Gabriela, Domurat, Artur, Štrukelj, Eva, Alvarez, Daniela Serrato, Parzuchowski, Michal, Massoni, Sébastien, Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna, Pronizius, Ekaterina, Muchembled, Fany, van Schie, Kevin, Saçaklı, Aslı, Hristova, Evgeniya, Kuzminska, Anna O., Charyate, Abdelilah, Bijlstra, Gijsbert, Afhami, Reza, Majeed, Nadyanna M., Musser, Erica D., Sirota, Miroslav, Ross, Robert M., Yeung, Siu Kit, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, Foroni, Francesco, Almeida, Inês A. T., Grigoryev, Dmitry, Lewis, David M. G., Holford, Dawn L., Janssen, Steve M. J., Tatachari, Srinivasan, Batres, Carlota, Olofsson, Jonas K., Daches, Shimrit, Belaus, Anabel, Pfuhl, Gerit, Corral-Frias, Nadia Sarai, Sousa, Daniela, Röer, Jan Philipp, Isager, Peder Mortvedt, Godbersen, Hendrik, Walczak, Radoslaw B., Van Doren, Natalia, Ren, Dongning, Gill, Tripat, Voracek, Martin, DeBruine, Lisa M., Anne, Michele, Očovaj, Sanja Batić, Thomas, Andrew G., Arvanitis, Alexios, Ostermann, Thomas, Wolfe, Kelly, Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom, Bundt, Carsten, Lamm, Claus, Calin-Jageman, Robert J, Davis, William E., Karekla, Maria, Zorjan, Saša, Jaremka, Lisa M., Uttley, Jim, Hricova, Monika, Koehn, Monica A, Kiselnikova, Natalia, Bai, Hui, Krafnick, Anthony J., Balci, Busra Bahar, Ballantyne, Tonia, Lins, Samuel, Vally, Zahir, Esteban-Serna, Celia, Schmidt, Kathleen, Macapagal, Paulo Manuel L., Szwed, Paulina, Zdybek, Przemysław Marcin, Moreau, David, Collins, W. Matthew, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Vilares, Iris, Tran, Ulrich S., Boudesseul, Jordane, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Dixson, Barnaby James Wyld, Perillo, Jennifer T, Ferreira, Ana, Westgate, Erin C., Aberson, Christopher L., Arinze, Azuka Ikechukwu, Jaeger, Bastian, Butt, Muhammad Mussaffa, Silva, Jaime R., Storage, Daniel Shafik, Janak, Allison P, Jiménez-Leal, William, Soto, Jose A., Sorokowska, Agnieszka, McCarthy, Randy, Tullett, Alexa M, Frias-Armenta, Martha, Ribeiro, Matheus Fernando Felix, Hartanto, Andree, Forbes, Paul A. G., Willis, Megan L., del Carmen Tejada R, María, Torres, Adriana Julieth Olaya, Stephen, Ian D, Vaidis, David C., de la Rosa-Gómez, Anabel, Yu, Karen, Sutherland, Clare A. M., Manavalan, Mathi, Behzadnia, Behzad, Urban, Jan, Baskin, Ernest, McFall, Joseph P., Ogbonnaya, Chisom Esther, Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Rahal, Rima-Maria, Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G., Hostler, Thomas J., Kappes, Heather Barry, Sorokowski, Piotr, Khosla, Meetu, Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., Eudave, Luis, Vilsmeier, Johannes K., Luis, Elkin O., Muda, Rafał, Agadullina, Elena, Cárcamo, Rodrigo A., Reeck, Crystal, Anjum, Gulnaz, Venegas, Mónica Camila Toro, Misiak, Michal, Ryan, Richard M., Nock, Nora L., Travaglino, Giovanni A., Mensink, Michael C., Feldman, Gilad, Wichman, Aaron L., Chou, Weilun, Ziano, Ignazio, Seehuus, Martin, Chopik, William J., Kung, Franki Y. H., Carpentier, Joelle, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Du, Hongfei, Xiao, Qinyu, Lima, Tiago J. S., Noone, Chris, Onie, Sandersan, Verbruggen, Frederick, Radtke, Theda, and Primbs, Maximilian A.

Published
2023
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19. 'That's Just a Part of Growing Up': A Study of Non-Formal Educators' Lay Theories of Adolescence

Author

Davis, William J., Cox, Milira, Tevington, Patricia, Brown Urban, Jennifer, and Linver, Miriam R.

Abstract

This instrumental case study explored non-formal educators' lay theories of adolescence using the case of the Boy Scouts of America's Scouts BSA program, a co-ed program serving youth between the ages of 11 and 17. We conducted an iterative analysis of 110 structured interviews with Scouts BSA adult volunteer leaders who served as scoutmasters or assistant scoutmasters. Results indicated that participants discussed adolescence in terms of youth characteristics as well as processes youth underwent during their adolescent years. These adults sometimes viewed adolescence as idiosyncratic, identifying differences in learning, behavior, and family situations among youth, particularly those whom they had identified as exhibiting specific challenges like autism. The results also illustrated relationships between the program and lay theories of adolescence. Namely, core Scouts BSA programmatic structures and expectations such as operating the patrol/troop method hierarchies, building leadership skills, camping or outdoor activities, and including all youth in activities influence participants' own views of adolescence, including their views of adolescence as a time to cultivate maturity and independence. The study concludes with a brief discussion of results and limitations of the study, including recommendations for training and additional research.

Published
2022
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20. A Clinical Prediction Tool for MRI in Emergency Department Patients with Spinal Infection

Author

Shroyer, Steven R., Davis, William T., April, Michael D., Long, Brit, Boys, Gregory, Mehta, Sumeru G., and Mercaldo, Sarah F.

Subjects
spinal epidural abscess, discitis, vertebral osteomyelitis, septic facet, back pain, prediction tool
Abstract

Introduction: Patients with pyogenic spinal Infection (PSI) are often not diagnosed at their initial presentation, and diagnostic delay is associated with increased morbidity and medical-legal risk. We derived a decision tool to estimate the risk of spinal infection and inform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) decisions. Methods: We conducted a two-part prospective observational cohort study that collected variables from spine pain patients over a six-year derivation phase. We fit a multivariable regression model with logistic coefficients rounded to the nearest integer and used them for variable weighting in the final risk score. This score, SIRCH (spine infection risk calculation heuristic), uses four clinical variables to predict PSI. We calculated the statistical performance, MRI utilization, and model fit in the derivation phase. In the second phase we used the same protocol but enrolled only confirmed cases of spinal infection to assess the sensitivity of our prediction tool. Results: In the derivation phase, we evaluated 134 non-PSI and 40 PSI patients; median age in years was 55.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 38-70 and 51.5 (42-59), respectively. We identified four predictors for our risk score: historical risk factors; fever; progressive neurological deficit; and C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 50 milligrams per liter (mg/L). At a threshold SIRCH score of ≥ 3, the predictive model’s sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were, respectively, as follows: 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 100-100%); 56% (95% CI, 48-64%), and 40% (95% CI, 36-46%). The area under the receiver operator curve was 0.877 (95% CI, 0.829-0.925). The SIRCH score at a threshold of ≥ 3 would prompt significantly fewer MRIs compared to using an elevated CRP (only 99/174 MRIs compared to 144/174 MRIs, P

Published
2021

21. Personal Support and Its Impact on the Mental Health of First-Generation and Transfer Students

Author

Mikell, Jamie Gilbert and Davis, William J.

Abstract

First-generation college students (FGCS) face unique challenges compared to non-first-generation peers. Lack of personal, emotional, financial, or psychological support may create difficulties adapting to college. The focus on affordability in higher education and lowering the cost of a bachelor's degree has also made the transfer process an essential part of degree completion for many, with only 41% of transfer students pursuing a bachelor's degree will achieve that goal. Research has made the connection that diminished personal support from parental figures may impact the mental health of FGCS transfer students, leading to higher dropout, lower retention, and lower degree completion rates. Students who experienced increased personal support might experience fewer mental health issues, resulting in a higher chance of degree completion. Future research implications include prioritizing support systems and mental health services to aid FGCS and transfer students lacking personal support in degree completion.

Published
2022
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22. Encouraging Continued University Foreign Language Study: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Programme Growth

Author

Davis, William S.

Abstract

Between 2006 and 2016, American universities experienced a significant decrease in student enrolment in foreign language (FL) courses. This decrease corresponded with the dissolution of over 650 foreign language programmes between 2013 and 2016. Using self-determination theory (SDT) as its theoretical framework, this study sought to advocate for the growth of university FL programmes by identifying differences in the motivational orientations, levels of basic psychological need satisfaction, reasons for learning a new language and course enrolment plans of 236 American undergraduate students enrolled in elementary and intermediate level FL courses. Results indicated that competence- and relatedness-supportive learning environments that support students' autonomous, integrative and altruistic motivations for language learning have a strong, positive relationship with undergraduate FL learners' decisions to enrol in an unrequired language course in the next semester. The findings recognise all FL programmes as agentic forces in language advocacy and programme growth. Recommendations for language educators are discussed.

Published
2022
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23. What Makes a Learning Experience Intrinsically Motivating for American High School Language Learners?

Author

Davis, William S.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-determination theory (SDT) relationship between basic needs satisfaction and intrinsic motivation within the context of American high school (secondary) foreign language learners. Participants were 156 American high school students studying Spanish, French, or German as a foreign language. Participants completed a survey in which they described a personally satisfying or unsatisfying learning experience from their foreign language class and indicated their levels of intrinsic motivation and autonomy, competence, and relatedness fulfillment for that experience. Results demonstrated that the combination of the three basic psychological needs significantly predicted students' levels of intrinsic motivation for the in-class language learning experience they described, in which autonomy satisfaction was the strongest predictor of intrinsic motivation. Themes from the participants' qualitative responses and recommendations for need-supportive instruction are discussed.

Published
2018

24. Paleomagnetism indicates that primary magnetite in zircon records a strong Hadean geodynamo

Author

Tarduno, John A, Cottrell, Rory D, Bono, Richard K, Oda, Hirokuni, Davis, William J, Fayek, Mostafa, van ’t Erve, Olaf, Nimmo, Francis, Huang, Wentao, Thern, Eric R, Fearn, Sebastian, Mitra, Gautam, Smirnov, Aleksey V, and Blackman, Eric G

Subjects
Hadean geodynamo, paleointensity, early Earth conditions
Abstract

Determining the age of the geomagnetic field is of paramount importance for understanding the evolution of the planet because the field shields the atmosphere from erosion by the solar wind. The absence or presence of the geomagnetic field also provides a unique gauge of early core conditions. Evidence for a geomagnetic field 4.2 billion-year (Gy) old, just a few hundred million years after the lunar-forming giant impact, has come from paleomagnetic analyses of zircons of the Jack Hills (Western Australia). Herein, we provide new paleomagnetic and electron microscope analyses that attest to the presence of a primary magnetic remanence carried by magnetite in these zircons and new geochemical data indicating that select Hadean zircons have escaped magnetic resetting since their formation. New paleointensity and Pb-Pb radiometric age data from additional zircons meeting robust selection criteria provide further evidence for the fidelity of the magnetic record and suggest a period of high geomagnetic field strength at 4.1 to 4.0 billion years ago (Ga) that may represent efficient convection related to chemical precipitation in Earth's Hadean liquid iron core.

Published
2020

25. In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

Author

Dorison, Charles A., Lerner, Jennifer S., Heller, Blake H., Rothman, Alexander J., Kawachi, Ichiro I., Wang, Ke, Rees, Vaughan W., Gill, Brian P., Gibbs, Nancy, Ebersole, Charles R., Vally, Zahir, Tajchman, Zuzanna, Zsido, Andras N., Zrimsek, Mija, Chen, Zhang, Ziano, Ignazio, Gialitaki, Zoi, Ceary, Chris D., Lin, Yijun, Kunisato, Yoshihiko, Yamada, Yuki, Xiao, Qinyu, Jiang, Xiaoming, Du, Xinkai, Yao, Elvin, Wilson, John Paul, Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, Jimenez-Leal, William, Law, Wilbert, Collins, W. Matthew, Richard, Karley L., Vranka, Marek, Ankushev, Vladislav, Schei, Vidar, Križanić, Valerija, Kadreva, Veselina Hristova, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Tran, Ulrich S., Yeung, Siu Kit, Hassan, Widad, Houston, Ralph, Lima, Tiago J. S., Ostermann, Thomas, Frizzo, Thomas, Sverdrup, Therese E., House, Thea, Gill, Tripat, Fedotov, Maksim, Paltrow, Tamar, Jernsäther, Teodor, Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria, Hostler, Thomas J., Ishii, Tatsunori, Szaszi, Barnabas, Adamus, Sylwia, Suter, Lilian, Habib, Sumaiya, Studzinska, Anna, Stojanovska, Dragana, Janssen, Steve M. J., Stieger, Stefan, Schulenberg, Stefan E., Tatachari, Srinivasan, Azouaghe, Soufian, Sorokowski, Piotr, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Song, Xin, Lewis, Savannah C., Sinkolova, Sladjana, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Drexler, Shira Meir, Daches, Shimrit, Geniole, Shawn N., Vračar, Selena, Massoni, Sébastien, Zorjan, Saša, Sarıoğuz, Eylül, Izquierdo, Sara Morales, Alves, Sara G., Pöntinen, Sara, Solas, Sara Álvarez, Ordoñez-Riaño, Santiago, Očovaj, Sanja Batić, Onie, Sandersan, Lins, Samuel, Çoksan, Sami, Sacakli, Asli, Ruiz-Fernández, Susana, Geiger, Sandra J., FatahModares, Saeideh, Walczak, Radoslaw B., Betlehem, Ruben, Vilar, Roosevelt, Cárcamo, Rodrigo, Ross, Robert M., McCarthy, Randy, Ballantyne, Tonia, Westgate, Erin C., Afhami, Reza, Ren, Dongning, Monteiro, Renan P., Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Reggev, Niv, Calin-Jageman, Robert J., Pourafshari, Razieh, Oliveira, Raquel, Nedelcheva-Datsova, Mina, Rahal, Rima-Maria, Ribeiro, Rafael R., Radtke, Theda, Searston, Rachel, Habte, Redeate, Zdybek, Przemysław, Chen, Sau-Chin, Maturan, Princess Lovella G., Perillo, Jennifer T., Isager, Peder Mortvedt, Kačmár, Pavol, Macapagal, Paulo Manuel, Szwed, Paulina, Hanel, Paul H. P., Forbes, Paul A. G., Arriaga, Patrícia, Paris, Bastien, Papachristopoulos, Konstantinos, Correa, Pablo Sebastián, Kácha, Ondřej, Bernardo, Márcia, Campos, Olatz, Bravo, Olalla Niño, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar J., Ogbonnaya, Chisom Esther, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Kiselnikova, Natalia, Simonovic, Nicolle, Cohen, Noga, Nock, Nora L., Johannes, Niklas, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Say, Nicolas, Torunsky, Nathan, Van Doren, Natalia, Sunami, Naoyuki, Rachev, Nikolay R., Majeed, Nadyanna M., Schmidt, Nadya-Daniela, Nadif, Khaoula, Corral-Frías, Nadia S., Ouherrou, Nihal, Pantazi, Myrto, Lucas, Marc Y., Vasilev, Martin R., Ortiz, María Victoria, Butt, Muhammad Mussaffa, Kabir, Muhib, Muda, Rafał, Tejada Rivera, Maria del Carmen MC, Sirota, Miroslav, Seehuus, Martin, Parzuchowski, Michal, Toro, Mónica, Hricova, Monika, Maldonado, Mónica Alarcón, Marszalek, Magdalena, Karekla, Maria, Mioni, Giovanna, Bosma, Minke Jasmijn, Westerlund, Minja, Vdovic, Milica, Bialek, Michal, Silan, Miguel A., Anne, Michele, Misiak, Michal, Grinberg, Maurice, Capizzi, Mariagrazia, Espinoza Barría, Mauricio F., Kurfali, Merve A., Mensink, Michael C., Harutyunyan, Mikayel, Khosla, Meetu, Korbmacher, Max, Adamkovič, Matúš, Ribeiro, Matheus Fernando Felix, Terskova, Maria, Hruška, Matej, Martončik, Marcel, Voracek, Martin, Čadek, Martin, Frías-Armenta, Martha, Kowal, Marta, Topor, Marta, Roczniewska, Marta, Oosterlinck, Marlies, Kohlová, Markéta Braun, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Romanova, Marina, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, Lund, Maria Louise, Antoniadi, Maria, Jones, Marc V., Ortiz, Manuel S., Manavalan, Mathi, Muminov, Abdumalik, Kossowska, Małgorzata, Friedemann, Maja, Wielgus, Magdalena, Varella, Marco A. C., Colloff, Melissa F., Bradford, Maria, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Eudave, Luis, Vieira, Luc, Pineda, Lina Maria Sanabria, Pérez, Laura Calderón, Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., Jaremka, Lisa M., Kushnir, Elizaveta, Anton-Boicuk, Lisa, de Holanda Coelho, Gabriel Lins, Ahlgren, Lina, Levitan, Carmel A., Micheli, Leticia, Volz, Leonhard, Stojanovska, Marija, Boucher, Leanne, Samojlenko, Lara, Delgado, Lady Grey Javela, Kaliska, Lada, Warmelink, Lara, Rojas-Berscia, Luis Miguel, Yu, Karen, Wachowicz, Jakub, Desai, Kermeka, Barzykowski, Krystian, Kozma, Luca, Evans, Kortnee, Kirgizova, Komila, Agesin, Bamikole Emmanuel, Koehn, Monica A, Wolfe, Kelly, Korobova, Tatiana, Klevjer, Kristoffer, van Schie, Kevin, Vezirian, Kevin, Damnjanović, Kaja, Thommesen, Katrine Krabbe, Schmidt, Kathleen, Filip, Katarzyna, Grzech, Karolina, Hoyer, Karlijn, Moon, Karis, Rana, Kafeel, Janjić, Kristina, Suchow, Jordan W., Kielińska, Julita, Cruz Vásquez, Julio E, Beitner, Julia, Vargas-Nieto, Juan Camilo, Roxas, Jose Carlos T., Taber, Jennifer, Urriago-Rayo, Joan, Pavlacic, Jeffrey M., Bavolar, Jozef, Soto, José A., Olofsson, Jonas K., Vilsmeier, Johannes K., Messerschmidt, Johanna, Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna, Boudesseul, Jordane, Lee, Jeong Min, Kamburidis, Julia, Zickfeld, Janis, Miranda, Jacob F., Verharen, Jeroen P. H., Hristova, Evgeniya, Beshears, Julie E., Đorđević, Jasna Milošević, Bosch, Jasmijn, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Antfolk, Jan, Berkessel, Jana B., Schrötter, Jana, Urban, Jan, Röer, Jan Philipp, Norton, James O, Silva, Jaime R., Pickering, Jade S., Vintr, Jáchym, Uttley, Jim, Kunst, Jonas R., Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G., Iyer, Aishwarya, Vilares, Iris, Ivanov, Aleksandr, Ropovik, Ivan, Sula, Isabela, Sarieva, Irena, Metin-Orta, Irem, Prusova, Irina, Pinto, Isabel, Bozdoc, Andreea Ioana, Almeida, Inês A. T., Pit, Ilse L., Dalgar, Ilker, Zakharov, Ilya, Arinze, Azuka Ikechukwu, Ihaya, Keiko, Stephen, Ian D., Gjoneska, Biljana, Brohmer, Hilmar, Flowe, Heather, Godbersen, Hendrik, Kocalar, Halil Emre, Hedgebeth, Mattie V., Chuan-Peng, Hu, Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Manley, Harry, Akkas, Handan, Hajdu, Nandor, Azab, Habiba, Kaminski, Gwenael, Nilsonne, Gustav, Anjum, Gulnaz, Travaglino, Giovanni A., Feldman, Gilad, Pfuhl, Gerit, Czarnek, Gabriela, Marcu, Gabriela Mariana, Hofer, Gabriela, Banik, Gabriel, Adetula, Gabriel Agboola, Bijlstra, Gijsbert, Verbruggen, Frederick, Kung, Franki Y. H., Foroni, Francesco, Singer, Gage, Muchembled, Fany, Azevedo, Flavio, Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz, Marinov, Evelina, Štrukelj, Eva, Etebari, Zahra, Baskin, Ernest, Garcia, Elkin Oswaldo Luis, Musser, Erica, van Steenkiste, I.M.M., Ahn, El Rim, Pronizius, Ekaterina, Jackson, Emily A, Manunta, Efisio, Agadullina, Elena, Šakan, Dušana, Dursun, Pinar, Dujols, Olivier, Dubrov, Dmitrii, Willis, Megan, Tümer, Murat, Beaudry, Jennifer L., Popović, Dora, Dunleavy, Daniel, Djamai, Ikhlas, Krupić, Dino, Vega, Diego, Du, Hongfei, Mola, Débora, Davis, William E., Holford, Dawn Liu, Lewis, David M. G., Vaidis, David C., Ozery, Daphna Hausman, Ricaurte, Danilo Zambrano, Storage, Daniel, Sousa, Daniela, Alvarez, Daniela Serrato, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Krupić, Dajana, Marko, Dafne, Moreau, David, Reeck, Crystal, Correia, Rita C., Whitt, Cassie M., Lamm, Claus, Solorzano, Claudio Singh, von Bastian, Claudia C., Sutherland, Clare AM, Overkott, Clara, Aberson, Christopher L., Wang, Chunhui, Karashiali, Christiana, Noone, Chris, Chiu, Faith, Picciocchi, Chiara, Karaarslan, Cemre, Cellini, Nicola, Esteban-Serna, Celia, Reyna, Cecilia, Batres, Carlota, Li, Ranran, Grano, Caterina, Carpentier, Joelle, Tamnes, Christian K., Fu, Cynthia H.Y., Ishkhanyan, Byurakn, Bylinina, Lisa, Jaeger, Bastian, Bundt, Carsten, Allred, Tara Bulut, Bokkour, Ahmed, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Chopik, William J., Antazo, Benedict, Behzadnia, Behzad, Becker, Maja, Cocco, Beatrice, Chou, Wei-Lun, Hubena, Barbora, Žuro, Barbara, Aczel, Balazs, Baklanova, Ekaterina, Bai, Hui, Balci, Busra Bahar, Babinčák, Peter, Dixson, Barnaby James Wyld, Mokady, Aviv, Kappes, Heather Barry, Atari, Mohammad, Szala, Anna, Szabelska, Anna, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Domurat, Artur, Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom, Modena, Arianna, Adiguzel, Arca, Monajem, Arash, ARABI, Kanza AIT EL, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, Olaya Torres, Adriana Julieth, Theodoropoulou, Andriana, Jurković, Anita Penić, Kassianos, Angelos P., Findor, Andrej, Hartanto, Andree, Thibault Landry, Anais, Ferreira, Ana, Santos, Anabela Caetano, De la Rosa-Gomez, Anabel, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie, Todsen, Anna Louise, Karababa, Alper, Janak, Allison, Bran, Alexandre, Tullett, Alexa M., Kuzminska, Anna O., Krafnick, Anthony J, Urooj, Anum, Khaoudi, Ahmed, Ahmed, Afroja, Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, Askelund, Adrian Dahl, Adetula, Adeyemi, Belaus, Anabel, Charyate, Abdelilah Ca, Wichman, Aaron L., Stoyanova, Alina, Greenburgh, Anna, Thomas, Andrew G., Arvanitis, Alexios, Forscher, Patrick S., Mallik, Peter R, Primbs, Maximilian A., Miller, Jeremy K., Moshontz, Hannah, Urry, Heather L., IJzerman, Hans, Basnight-Brown, Dana M., Chartier, Christopher R., Buchanan, Erin M., and Coles, Nicholas A.

Published
2022
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27. Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens

Author

Boyce, Greg R, Gluck-Thaler, Emile, Slot, Jason C, Stajich, Jason E, Davis, William J, James, Tim Y, Cooley, John R, Panaccione, Daniel G, Eilenberg, Jørgen, De Fine Licht, Henrik H, Macias, Angie M, Berger, Matthew C, Wickert, Kristen L, Stauder, Cameron M, Spahr, Ellie J, Maust, Matthew D, Metheny, Amy M, Simon, Chris, Kritsky, Gene, Hodge, Kathie T, Humber, Richard A, Gullion, Terry, Short, Dylan PG, Kijimoto, Teiya, Mozgai, Dan, Arguedas, Nidia, and Kasson, Matt T

Subjects
Microbiology, Plant Biology, Biological Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Massospora, Entomophthorales, Zoopagomycota, Entomopathogen, Amphetamine, Cathinone, Tryptamine, Psilocybin, Psilocin, Invertebrate pathology, Magicicada, Okanagana, Platypedia, Environmental Sciences, Ecology, Evolutionary biology
Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi routinely kill their hosts before releasing infectious spores, but a few species keep insects alive while sporulating, which enhances dispersal. Transcriptomics- and metabolomics-based studies of entomopathogens with post-mortem dissemination from their parasitized hosts have unraveled infection processes and host responses. However, the mechanisms underlying active spore transmission by Entomophthoralean fungi in living insects remain elusive. Here we report the discovery, through metabolomics, of the plant-associated amphetamine, cathinone, in four Massospora cicadina-infected periodical cicada populations, and the mushroom-associated tryptamine, psilocybin, in annual cicadas infected with Massospora platypediae or Massospora levispora, which likely represent a single fungal species. The absence of some fungal enzymes necessary for cathinone and psilocybin biosynthesis along with the inability to detect intermediate metabolites or gene orthologs are consistent with possibly novel biosynthesis pathways in Massospora. The neurogenic activities of these compounds suggest the extended phenotype of Massospora that modifies cicada behavior to maximize dissemination is chemically-induced.

Published
2019

28. Recommendations for Effective Integration of Ethics and Responsible Conduct of Research (E/RCR) Education into Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences: A Meeting Report

Author

Diaz-Martinez, Laura A, Fisher, Ginger R, Esparza, David, Bhatt, Jay M, D’Arcy, Christina E, Apodaca, Jennifer, Brownell, Sara, Corwin, Lisa, Davis, William B, Floyd, Kevin W, Killion, Patrick J, Madden, Jaclyn, Marsteller, Patricia, Mayfield-Meyer, Teresa, McDonald, Kelly K, Rosenberg, Martina, Yarborough, Mark A, and Olimpo, Jeffrey T

Subjects
Curriculum and Pedagogy, Education, Patient Safety, Quality Education, Curriculum, Ethics, Research, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Learning, Students, Universities, Curriculum and pedagogy
Abstract

Advancement of the scientific enterprise relies on individuals conducting research in an ethical and responsible manner. Educating emergent scholars in the principles of ethics/responsible conduct of research (E/RCR) is therefore critical to ensuring such advancement. The recent impetus to include authentic research opportunities as part of the undergraduate curriculum, via course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs), has been shown to increase cognitive and noncognitive student outcomes. Because of these important benefits, CUREs are becoming more common and often constitute the first research experience for many students. However, despite the importance of E/RCR in the research process, we know of few efforts to incorporate E/RCR education into CUREs. The Ethics Network for Course-based Opportunities in Undergraduate Research (ENCOUR) was created to address this concern and promote the integration of E/RCR within CUREs in the biological sciences and related disciplines. During the inaugural ENCOUR meeting, a four-pronged approach was used to develop guidelines for the effective integration of E/RCR in CUREs. This approach included: 1) defining appropriate student learning objectives; 2) identifying relevant curriculum; 3) identifying relevant assessments; and 4) defining key aspects of professional development for CURE facilitators. Meeting outcomes, including the aforementioned E/RCR guidelines, are described herein.

Published
2019

29. Genome-scale phylogenetics reveals a monophyletic Zoopagales (Zoopagomycota, Fungi)

Author

Davis, William J, Amses, Kevin R, Benny, Gerald L, Carter-House, Derreck, Chang, Ying, Grigoriev, Igor, Smith, Matthew E, Spatafora, Joseph W, Stajich, Jason E, and James, Timothy Y

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Human Genome, Infectious Diseases, Animals, Base Sequence, Fungal Proteins, Fungi, Gene Library, Genome, Fungal, Genomics, Likelihood Functions, Phylogeny, Symbiosis, Acaulopage tetraceros, Cochlonema odontosperma, Single cell genomics, Stylopage hadra, Zoopage, Zoophagus insidians, Zoology, Evolutionary biology
Abstract

Previous genome-scale phylogenetic analyses of Fungi have under sampled taxa from Zoopagales; this order contains many predacious or parasitic genera, and most have never been grown in pure culture. We sequenced the genomes of 4 zoopagalean taxa that are predators of amoebae, nematodes, or rotifers and the genome of one taxon that is a parasite of amoebae using single cell sequencing methods with whole genome amplification. Each genome was a metagenome, which was assembled and binned using multiple techniques to identify the target genomes. We inferred phylogenies with both super matrix and coalescent approaches using 192 conserved proteins mined from the target genomes and performed ancestral state reconstructions to determine the ancestral trophic lifestyle of the clade. Our results indicate that Zoopagales is monophyletic. Ancestral state reconstructions provide moderate support for mycoparasitism being the ancestral state of the clade.

Published
2019

30. Late Presentation of Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury in the Emergency Department

Author

Peak, David K., Davis, William T., and Walton, Steven B.

Abstract

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a complication of blood product transfusion characterized by respiratory distress with bilateral lung infiltrates and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema developing within six hours of transfusion. TRALI is believed to result from an immunological response to transfused blood products. TRALI is a clinical diagnosis that requires the exclusion of other etiologies of pulmonary edema and acute lung injury. Here we report a case of a female who presented to the emergency department in acute respiratory distress two days after receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells for post-operative anemia following a hysterectomy.

Published
2019

31. Online Trainings for Non-Formal Educators: A Case Study of Boy Scouts of America Leaders

Author

Davis, William J., Rush, Alexandra, Tevington, Patricia, Urban, Jennifer Brown, and Linver, Miriam R.

Abstract

Non-formal education (NFE) programs -- those existing separately from hierarchically and chronologically organized schools -- have a long history with distance and online learning, both of which have been essential to NFE programming. NFE programs like Scouts BSA, the Boy Scouts of America's (BSA) co-ed program for 11-17 year olds, rely upon online learning to train adult volunteers. The purpose of this case study was to investigate non-formal educators' online training experiences and the extent to which these educators felt prepared for their roles.

Published
2021
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32. The Data Culture Continuum: An Examination of School Data Cultures

Author

Lasater, Kara, Albiladi, Waheeb S., Davis, William S., and Bengtson,

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine teachers and school leaders' experiences using data in the state of Arkansas. Research Design: Initially, an exploratory pilot study was conducted to examine educators' experiences using data within one Arkansas district. This involved focus groups with 24 participants from 10 schools. Data were analyzed and used to design the second phase of inquiry. The second phase involved an examination of teachers and leaders' experiences using data throughout Arkansas. Data were collected using focus groups with teachers and in-depth interviews with building-level leaders (52 participants representing eights schools, seven districts). Data were analyzed using multiple cycles of coding, ongoing dialogic engagement, and constant comparative analysis. Findings: Analysis led to the identification of six "data factors" (i.e., trust and collaboration, purpose of data use, leader expectations and teacher agency, data ownership, leader competency, and data as a tool) which we believed influenced schools' data cultures. Data factors were used to develop the data culture continuum framework, which suggests that schools create data cultures which exist on a continuum--from positive to negative--and a school's placement on the continuum is fluid and dependent on its unique combination of positive and negative data factors. Implications for Research and Practice: The data culture continuum provides a framework that can assist school leaders in understanding and implementing data factors that support their schools in developing positive data cultures. It also provides a springboard into future quantitative and qualitative studies related to the framework.

Published
2020
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33. Teachers' Use and Beliefs about Praise: A Mixed-Methods Study

Author

Shernoff, Elisa S., Lekwa, Adam L., Reddy, Linda A., and Davis, William

Abstract

Using a convergent parallel mixed methods design, we examined changes in teachers' use of praise during instruction (verbal or nonverbal statements or gestures to provide feedback for appropriate behavior) and explored teachers' perceptions regarding barriers and facilitators to using praise during coaching. Forty-eight teachers who identified praise as a professional development goal participated in the quantitative strand and 11 of the 48 teachers participated in the qualitative strand. Mixed effects zero-inflated negative binomial models revealed that teachers used 4.03 praise statements per 30-min observation at baseline, which increased by a factor of 1.05 between coaching sessions. Praise discrepancy scores at baseline were estimated at 7.48 with an average decrease (reflecting reduced need for change) of -0.25 over time. Thematic analyses of coaching sessions highlighted facilitators (e.g., feedback without having to criticize) and barriers (e.g., interferes with instruction) to using praise, although the integration of quantitative and qualitative findings did not yield consistent patterns between the number of facilitators or barriers coded and specific teacher outcomes. Implications for the practice of school psychologists in their work with teachers along with future directions for research are discussed.

Published
2020
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34. Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens

Author

Boyce, Greg, Gluck-Thaler, Emile, Slot, Jason, Stajich, Jason, Davis, William, James, Tim, Cooley, John, Panaccione, Daniel, Eilenberg, Jørgen, Licht, Henrik De Fine, Macias, Angie, Berger, Matthew, Wickert, Kristen, Stauder, Cameron, Spahr, Ellie, Maust, Matthew, Metheny, Amy, Simon, Chris, Kritsky, Gene, Hodge, Kathie, Humber, Richard, Gullion, Terry, Short, Dylan, Kijimoto, Teiya, Mozgai, Dan, Arguedas, Nidia, and Kasson, Matt

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi routinely kill their hosts before releasing infectious spores, but select species keep insects alive while sporulating, which enhances dispersal. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies of entomopathogens with post-mortem dissemination from their parasitized hosts have unraveled infection processes and host responses, yet mechanisms underlying active spore transmission by Entomophthoralean fungi in living insects remain elusive. Here we report the discovery, through metabolomics, of the plant-associated amphetamine, cathinone, in four Massospora cicadina -infected periodical cicada populations, and the mushroom-associated tryptamine, psilocybin, in annual cicadas infected with Massospora platypediae or Massospora levispora , which appear to represent a single fungal species. The absence of some fungal enzymes necessary for cathinone and psilocybin biosynthesis along with the inability to detect intermediate metabolites or gene orthologs are consistent with possibly novel biosynthesis pathways in Massospora . The neurogenic activities of these compounds suggest the extended phenotype of Massospora that modifies cicada behavior to maximize dissemination is chemically-induced.

Published
2018

35. Natural hybridization between divergent lineages in a selfing hermaphroditic fish

Author

Tatarenkov, Andrey, Earley, Ryan L, Taylor, D Scott, Davis, William P, and Avise, John C

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Animals, Bahamas, Cyprinodontiformes, Female, Hermaphroditic Organisms, Hybridization, Genetic, Male, Microsatellite Repeats, Phylogeny, Self-Fertilization, Sympatry, hybridization, self-fertilization, mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus, Biological sciences
Abstract

By definition, mating between individuals is infrequent in highly selfing organisms, and so too, therefore, hybridization should be rare between genetically divergent lineages in predominantly self-fertilizing species. Notwithstanding these expectations, here we report a remarkable case of natural hybridization between highly diverged phylogeographic lineages of the mangrove rivulus, a small killifish that reproduces predominantly by self-fertilization and typically is found as highly homozygous lines in most parts of its extensive geographical range. Two distinctive genetic lineages (Kryptolebias marmoratus and a 'Central clade' closely related to K. hermaphroditus) previously were not known in sympatry, but were found by us to co-occur on San Salvador, Bahamas. Genetic analyses of a mitochondrial and multiple nuclear markers determined the direction of a cross producing a hybrid fish. Furthermore, we show that this hybrid individual was viable, as it successfully reproduced by self-fertilization for two generations. Additional sampling of this population will be necessary to determine if backcrossing of hybrids to the parental lineages occurs in nature and to analyse whether such backcross progeny are viable. Application of the biological species concept (BSC) is traditionally difficult in clonally reproducing organisms. Our results show that although mangrove rivulus fish are mostly highly selfing in nature (resulting in isogenic, effectively clonal and homozygous progeny), classification within this taxonomic complex need not be incompatible with the BSC.

Published
2018

36. A Probabilistic Assessment of the Next Geomagnetic Reversal

Author

Buffett, Bruce and Davis, William

Subjects
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Deterministic forecasts for the next geomagnetic reversal are not feasible due to large uncertainties in the present-day state of the Earth's core. A more practical approach relies on probabilistic assessments using paleomagnetic observations to characterize the amplitude of fluctuations in the geomagnetic dipole. We use paleomagnetic observations for the past 2 Myr to construct a stochastic model for the axial dipole field and apply well-established methods to evaluate the probability of the next geomagnetic reversal as a function of time. For a present-day axial dipole moment of 7.6 × 1022 A m2, the probability of the dipole entering a reversed state is less than 2% after 20 kyr. This probability rises to 11% after 50 kyr. An imminent geomagnetic reversal is not supported by paleomagnetic observations. The current rate of decline in the dipole moment is unusual but within the natural variability predicted by the stochastic model.

Published
2018

37. Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens

Author

Boyce, Greg R, Gluck-Thaler, Emile, Slot, Jason C, Stajich, Jason E, Davis, William J, James, Tim Y, Cooley, John R, Panaccione, Daniel G, Eilenberg, Jørgen, De Fine Licht, Henrik H, Macias, Angie M, Berger, Matthew C, Wickert, Kristen L, Stauder, Cameron M, Spahr, Ellie J, Maust, Matthew D, Metheny, Amy M, Simon, Chris, Kritsky, Gene, Hodge, Kathie T, Humber, Richard A, Gullion, Terry, Short, Dylan PG, Kijimoto, Teiya, Mozgai, Dan, Arguedas, Nidia, and Kasson, Matt T

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Microbiology, Plant Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi routinely kill their hosts before releasing infectious spores, but select species keep insects alive while sporulating, which enhances dispersal. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies of entomopathogens with post-mortem dissemination from their parasitized hosts have unraveled infection processes and host responses, yet mechanisms underlying active spore transmission by Entomophthoralean fungi in living insects remain elusive. Here we report the discovery, through metabolomics, of the plant-associated amphetamine, cathinone, in four Massospora cicadina -infected periodical cicada populations, and the mushroom-associated tryptamine, psilocybin, in annual cicadas infected with Massospora platypediae or Massospora levispora , which appear to represent a single fungal species. The absence of some fungal enzymes necessary for cathinone and psilocybin biosynthesis along with the inability to detect intermediate metabolites or gene orthologs are consistent with possibly novel biosynthesis pathways in Massospora . The neurogenic activities of these compounds suggest the extended phenotype of Massospora that modifies cicada behavior to maximize dissemination is chemically-induced.

Published
2018

38. A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Wang, Ke, Goldenberg, Amit, Dorison, Charles A., Miller, Jeremy K., Uusberg, Andero, Lerner, Jennifer S., Gross, James J., Agesin, Bamikole Bamikole, Bernardo, Márcia, Campos, Olatz, Eudave, Luis, Grzech, Karolina, Ozery, Daphna Hausman, Jackson, Emily A., Garcia, Elkin Oswaldo Luis, Drexler, Shira Meir, Jurković, Anita Penić, Rana, Kafeel, Wilson, John Paul, Antoniadi, Maria, Desai, Kermeka, Gialitaki, Zoi, Kushnir, Elizaveta, Nadif, Khaoula, Bravo, Olalla Niño, Nauman, Rafia, Oosterlinck, Marlies, Pantazi, Myrto, Pilecka, Natalia, Szabelska, Anna, van Steenkiste, I. M. M., Filip, Katarzyna, Bozdoc, Andreea Ioana, Marcu, Gabriela Mariana, Agadullina, Elena, Adamkovič, Matúš, Roczniewska, Marta, Reyna, Cecilia, Kassianos, Angelos P., Westerlund, Minja, Ahlgren, Lina, Pöntinen, Sara, Adetula, Gabriel Agboola, Dursun, Pinar, Arinze, Azuka Ikechukwu, Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom, Ogbonnaya, Chisom Esther, Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G., Dalgar, Ilker, Akkas, Handan, Macapagal, Paulo Manuel, Lewis, Savannah, Metin-Orta, Irem, Foroni, Francesco, Willis, Megan, Santos, Anabela Caetano, Mokady, Aviv, Reggev, Niv, Kurfali, Merve A., Vasilev, Martin R., Nock, Nora L., Parzuchowski, Michal, Espinoza Barría, Mauricio F., Vranka, Marek, Kohlová, Markéta Braun, Ropovik, Ivan, Harutyunyan, Mikayel, Wang, Chunhui, Yao, Elvin, Becker, Maja, Manunta, Efisio, Kaminski, Gwenael, Boudesseu, Jordane, Marko, Dafne, Evans, Kortnee, Lewis, David M. G., Findor, Andrej, Landry, Anais Thibault, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Ortiz, Manuel S., Vally, Zahir, Pronizius, Ekaterina, Voracek, Martin, Lamm, Claus, Grinberg, Maurice, Li, Ranran, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Mioni, Giovanna, Cellini, Nicola, Chen, Sau-Chin, Zickfeld, Janis, Moon, Karis, Azab, Habiba, Levy, Neil, Karababa, Alper, Beaudry, Jennifer L., Boucher, Leanne, Collins, W. Matthew, Todsen, Anna Louise, van Schie, Kevin, Vintr, Jáchym, Bavolar, Jozef, Kaliska, Lada, Križanić, Valerija, Samojlenko, Lara, Pourafshari, Razieh, Geiger, Sandra J., Beitner, Julia, Warmelink, Lara, Ross, Robert M., Stephen, Ian D., Hostler, Thomas J., Azouaghe, Soufian, McCarthy, Randy, Szala, Anna, Grano, Caterina, Solorzano, Claudio Singh, Anjum, Gulnaz, Jimenez-Leal, William, Bradford, Maria, Pérez, Laura Calderón, Cruz Vásquez, Julio E., Galindo-Caballero, Oscar J., Vargas-Nieto, Juan Camilo, Kácha, Ondřej, Arvanitis, Alexios, Xiao, Qinyu, Cárcamo, Rodrigo, Zorjan, Saša, Tajchman, Zuzanna, Vilares, Iris, Pavlacic, Jeffrey M., Kunst, Jonas R., Tamnes, Christian K., von Bastian, Claudia C., Atari, Mohammad, Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Hricova, Monika, Kačmár, Pavol, Schrötter, Jana, Rahal, Rima-Maria, Cohen, Noga, FatahModares, Saeideh, Zrimsek, Miha, Zakharov, Ilya, Koehn, Monica A., Esteban-Serna, Celia, Calin-Jageman, Robert J., Krafnick, Anthony J., Štrukelj, Eva, Isager, Peder Mortvedt, Urban, Jan, Silva, Jaime R., Martončik, Marcel, Očovaj, Sanja Batić, Šakan, Dušana, Kuzminska, Anna O., Djordjevic, Jasna Milosevic, Almeida, Inês A. T., Ferreira, Ana, Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., Manley, Harry, Ricaurte, Danilo Zambrano, Monteiro, Renan P., Etabari, Zahra, Musser, Erica, Dunleavy, Daniel, Chou, Weilun, Godbersen, Hendrik, Ruiz-Fernández, Susana, Reeck, Crystal, Batres, Carlota, Kirgizova, Komila, Muminov, Abdumalik, Azevedo, Flavio, Alvarez, Daniela Serrato, Butt, Muhammad Mussaffa, Lee, Jeong Min, Chen, Zhang, Verbruggen, Frederick, Ziano, Ignazio, Tümer, Murat, Charyate, Abdelilah C. A., Dubrov, Dmitrii, Tejada Rivera, María del Carmen M. C., Aberson, Christopher, Pálfi, Bence, Maldonado, Mónica Alarcón, Hubena, Barbora, Sacakli, Asli, Ceary, Chris D., Richard, Karley L., Singer, Gage, Perillo, Jennifer T., Ballantyne, Tonia, Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, Fedotov, Maksim, Du, Hongfei, Wielgus, Magdalena, Pit, Ilse L., Hruška, Matej, Sousa, Daniela, Aczel, Balazs, Hajdu, Nandor, Szaszi, Barnabas, Adamus, Sylwia, Barzykowski, Krystian, Micheli, Leticia, Schmidt, Nadya-Daniela, Zsido, Andras N., Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Muda, Rafał, Bialek, Michal, Kowal, Marta, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Misiak, Michal, Mola, Débora, Ortiz, María Victoria, Correa, Pablo Sebastián, Belaus, Anabel, Muchembled, Fany, Ribeiro, Rafael R., Arriaga, Patricia, Oliveira, Raquel, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Szwed, Paulina, Kossowska, Małgorzata, Czarnek, Gabriela, Kielińska, Julita, Antazo, Benedict, Betlehem, Ruben, Stieger, Stefan, Nilsonne, Gustav, Simonovic, Nicolle, Taber, Jennifer, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie, Domurat, Artur, Ihaya, Keiko, Yamada, Yuki, Urooj, Anum, Gill, Tripat, Čadek, Martin, Bylinina, Lisa, Messerschmidt, Johanna, Kurfalı, Murathan, Adetula, Adeyemi, Baklanova, Ekaterina, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Kappes, Heather B., Gjoneska, Biljana, House, Thea, Jones, Marc V., Berkessel, Jana B., Chopik, William J., Çoksan, Sami, Seehuus, Martin, Khaoudi, Ahmed, Bokkour, Ahmed, El Arabi, Kanza Ait, Djamai, Ikhlas, Iyer, Aishwarya, Parashar, Neha, Adiguzel, Arca, Kocalar, Halil Emre, Bundt, Carsten, Norton, James O., Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, De la Rosa-Gomez, Anabel, Ankushev, Vladislav, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Ivanov, Aleksandr, Prusova, Irina, Romanova, Marina, Sarieva, Irena, Terskova, Maria, Hristova, Evgeniya, Kadreva, Veselina Hristova, Janak, Allison, Schei, Vidar, Sverdrup, Therese E., Askelund, Adrian Dahl, Pineda, Lina Maria Sanabria, Krupić, Dajana, Levitan, Carmel A., Johannes, Niklas, Ouherrou, Nihal, Say, Nicolas, Sinkolova, Sladjana, Janjić, Kristina, Stojanovska, Marija, Stojanovska, Dragana, Khosla, Meetu, Thomas, Andrew G., Kung, Franki Y. H., Bijlstra, Gijsbert, Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz, Balci, Busra Bahar, Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Baskin, Ernest, Ishkhanyan, Byurakn, Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna, Dixson, Barnaby James Wyld, Moreau, David, Sutherland, Clare A. M., Chuan-Peng, Hu, Noone, Chris, Flowe, Heather, Anne, Michele, Janssen, Steve M. J., Topor, Marta, Majeed, Nadyanna M., Kunisato, Yoshihiko, Yu, Karen, Daches, Shimrit, Hartanto, Andree, Vdovic, Milica, Anton-Boicuk, Lisa, Forbes, Paul A. G., Kamburidis, Julia, Marinova, Evelina, Nedelcheva-Datsova, Mina, Rachev, Nikolay R., Stoyanova, Alina, Schmidt, Kathleen, Suchow, Jordan W., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria, Jernsäther, Teodor, Olofsson, Jonas K., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Marszalek, Magdalena, Tatachari, Srinivasan, Afhami, Reza, Law, Wilbert, Antfolk, Jan, Žuro, Barbara, Van Doren, Natalia, Soto, Jose A., Searston, Rachel, Miranda, Jacob, Damnjanović, Kaja, Yeung, Siu Kit, Krupić, Dino, Hoyer, Karlijn, Jaeger, Bastian, Ren, Dongning, Pfuhl, Gerit, Klevjer, Kristoffer, Corral-Frías, Nadia S., Frias-Armenta, Martha, Lucas, Marc Y., Torres, Adriana Olaya, Toro, Mónica, Delgado, Lady Grey Javela, Vega, Diego, Solas, Sara Álvarez, Vilar, Roosevelt, Massoni, Sébastien, Frizzo, Thomas, Bran, Alexandre, Vaidis, David C., Vieira, Luc, Paris, Bastien, Capizzi, Mariagrazia, Coelho, Gabriel Lins de Holanda, Greenburgh, Anna, Whitt, Cassie M., Tullett, Alexa M., Du, Xinkai, Volz, Leonhard, Bosma, Minke Jasmijn, Karaarslan, Cemre, Sarıoğuz, Eylül, Allred, Tara Bulut, Korbmacher, Max, Colloff, Melissa F., Lima, Tiago J. S., Ribeiro, Matheus Fernando Felix, Verharen, Jeroen P. H., Karekla, Maria, Karashiali, Christiana, Sunami, Naoyuki, Jaremka, Lisa M., Storage, Daniel, Habib, Sumaiya, Studzinska, Anna, Hanel, Paul H. P., Holford, Dawn Liu, Sirota, Miroslav, Wolfe, Kelly, Chiu, Faith, Theodoropoulou, Andriana, Ahn, El Rim, Lin, Yijun, Westgate, Erin C., Brohmer, Hilmar, Hofer, Gabriela, Dujols, Olivier, Vezirian, Kevin, Feldman, Gilad, Travaglino, Giovanni A., Ahmed, Afroja, Li, Manyu, Bosch, Jasmijn, Torunsky, Nathan, Bai, Hui, Manavalan, Mathi, Song, Xin, Walczak, Radoslaw B., Zdybek, Przemysław, Friedemann, Maja, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Kozma, Luca, Alves, Sara G., Lins, Samuel, Pinto, Isabel R., Correia, Rita C., Babinčák, Peter, Banik, Gabriel, Rojas-Berscia, Luis Miguel, Varella, Marco A. C., Uttley, Jim, Beshears, Julie E., Thommesen, Katrine Krabbe, Behzadnia, Behzad, Geniole, Shawn N., Silan, Miguel A., Maturan, Princess Lovella G., Vilsmeier, Johannes K., Tran, Ulrich S., Izquierdo, Sara Morales, Mensink, Michael C., Sorokowski, Piotr, Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, Radtke, Theda, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Carpentier, Joelle, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Hedgebeth, Mattie V., Ishii, Tatsunori, Wichman, Aaron L., Röer, Jan Philipp, Ostermann, Thomas, Davis, William E., Suter, Lilian, Papachristopoulos, Konstantinos, Zabel, Chelsea, Onie, Sandersan, Ebersole, Charles R., Chartier, Christopher R., Mallik, Peter R., Urry, Heather L., Buchanan, Erin M., Coles, Nicholas A., Primbs, Maximilian A., Basnight-Brown, Dana M., IJzerman, Hans, Forscher, Patrick S., and Moshontz, Hannah

Published
2021
Full Text
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41. Many Labs 3: Evaluating participant pool quality across the academic semester via replication

Author

Ebersole, Charles R, Atherton, Olivia E, Belanger, Aimee L, Skulborstad, Hayley M, Allen, Jill M, Banks, Jonathan B, Baranski, Erica, Bernstein, Michael J, Bonfiglio, Diane BV, Boucher, Leanne, Brown, Elizabeth R, Budiman, Nancy I, Cairo, Athena H, Capaldi, Colin A, Chartier, Christopher R, Chung, Joanne M, Cicero, David C, Coleman, Jennifer A, Conway, John G, Davis, William E, Devos, Thierry, Fletcher, Melody M, German, Komi, Grahe, Jon E, Hermann, Anthony D, Hicks, Joshua A, Honeycutt, Nathan, Humphrey, Brandon, Janus, Matthew, Johnson, David J, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A, Juzeler, Hannah, Keres, Ashley, Kinney, Diana, Kirshenbaum, Jacqeline, Klein, Richard A, Lucas, Richard E, Lustgraaf, Christopher JN, Martin, Daniel, Menon, Madhavi, Metzger, Mitchell, Moloney, Jaclyn M, Morse, Patrick J, Prislin, Radmila, Razza, Timothy, Re, Daniel E, Rule, Nicholas O, Sacco, Donald F, Sauerberger, Kyle, Shrider, Emily, Shultz, Megan, Siemsen, Courtney, Sobocko, Karin, Sternglanz, R Weylin, Summerville, Amy, Tskhay, Konstantin O, van Allen, Zack, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Walker, Ryan J, Weinberg, Ashley, Wilson, John Paul, Wirth, James H, Wortman, Jessica, and Nosek, Brian A

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Social psychology, Cognitive psychology, Replication, Participant pool, Individual differences, Sampling effects, Situational effects, Cognitive Sciences, Social Psychology, Social and personality psychology
Abstract

The university participant pool is a key resource for behavioral research, and data quality is believed to vary over the course of the academic semester. This crowdsourced project examined time of semester variation in 10 known effects, 10 individual differences, and 3 data quality indicators over the course of the academic semester in 20 participant pools (N = 2696) and with an online sample (N = 737). Weak time of semester effects were observed on data quality indicators, participant sex, and a few individual differences—conscientiousness, mood, and stress. However, there was little evidence for time of semester qualifying experimental or correlational effects. The generality of this evidence is unknown because only a subset of the tested effects demonstrated evidence for the original result in the whole sample. Mean characteristics of pool samples change slightly during the semester, but these data suggest that those changes are mostly irrelevant for detecting effects.

Published
2016

42. Developmental Relationship Programs: An Empirical Study of the Impact of Peer-Mentoring Programs

Author

Shojai, Siamack, Davis, William J., and Root, Patricia S.

Abstract

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the impact and effectiveness of developmental relationships provided through academic intervention programs at a medium-size master's level public university in the Northeastern United States. The programs' curriculum follows the Model of Strategic Learning's four pillars of learning and is administered to students with diverse interventional needs. This paper presents a brief review of the literature about effective developmental relationship programs (mentoring and coaching) in higher education. Then, Ordinary Least Squares regressions, as well as paired samples t-tests, are used to test the impact of programs offered through developmental relationships to students with varying academic deficiencies. The immediate, as well as longer-term, impact and sustainability of students' enhanced performance is statistically examined. The paper concludes that students who fully take advantage of developmental relationships benefit the most and sustain their higher level of performance beyond the immediate post one-time intervention period. However, in the absence of additional intervention, the academic performance gains seem to subside and flatten out.

Published
2014

43. Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Wang, Ke, Goldenberg, Amit, Dorison, Charles A., Miller, Jeremy K., Uusberg, Andero, Lerner, Jennifer S., Gross, James J., Agesin, Bamikole Bamikole, Bernardo, Márcia, Campos, Olatz, Eudave, Luis, Grzech, Karolina, Ozery, Daphna Hausman, Jackson, Emily A., Garcia, Elkin Oswaldo Luis, Drexler, Shira Meir, Jurković, Anita Penić, Rana, Kafeel, Wilson, John Paul, Antoniadi, Maria, Desai, Kermeka, Gialitaki, Zoi, Kushnir, Elizaveta, Nadif, Khaoula, Bravo, Olalla Niño, Nauman, Rafia, Oosterlinck, Marlies, Pantazi, Myrto, Pilecka, Natalia, Szabelska, Anna, van Steenkiste, I. M. M., Filip, Katarzyna, Bozdoc, Andreea Ioana, Marcu, Gabriela Mariana, Agadullina, Elena, Adamkovič, Matúš, Roczniewska, Marta, Reyna, Cecilia, Kassianos, Angelos P., Westerlund, Minja, Ahlgren, Lina, Pöntinen, Sara, Adetula, Gabriel Agboola, Dursun, Pinar, Arinze, Azuka Ikechukwu, Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom, Ogbonnaya, Chisom Esther, Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G., Dalgar, Ilker, Akkas, Handan, Macapagal, Paulo Manuel, Lewis, Savannah, Metin-Orta, Irem, Foroni, Francesco, Willis, Megan, Santos, Anabela Caetano, Mokady, Aviv, Reggev, Niv, Kurfali, Merve A., Vasilev, Martin R., Nock, Nora L., Parzuchowski, Michal, Espinoza Barría, Mauricio F., Vranka, Marek, Kohlová, Markéta Braun, Ropovik, Ivan, Harutyunyan, Mikayel, Wang, Chunhui, Yao, Elvin, Becker, Maja, Manunta, Efisio, Kaminski, Gwenael, Boudesseul, Jordane, Marko, Dafne, Evans, Kortnee, Lewis, David M. G., Findor, Andrej, Landry, Anais Thibault, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Ortiz, Manuel S., Vally, Zahir, Pronizius, Ekaterina, Voracek, Martin, Lamm, Claus, Grinberg, Maurice, Li, Ranran, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Mioni, Giovanna, Cellini, Nicola, Chen, Sau-Chin, Zickfeld, Janis, Moon, Karis, Azab, Habiba, Levy, Neil, Karababa, Alper, Beaudry, Jennifer L., Boucher, Leanne, Collins, W. Matthew, Todsen, Anna Louise, van Schie, Kevin, Vintr, Jáchym, Bavolar, Jozef, Kaliska, Lada, Križanić, Valerija, Samojlenko, Lara, Pourafshari, Razieh, Geiger, Sandra J., Beitner, Julia, Warmelink, Lara, Ross, Robert M., Stephen, Ian D., Hostler, Thomas J., Azouaghe, Soufian, McCarthy, Randy, Szala, Anna, Grano, Caterina, Solorzano, Claudio Singh, Anjum, Gulnaz, Jimenez-Leal, William, Bradford, Maria, Pérez, Laura Calderón, Cruz Vásquez, Julio E., Galindo-Caballero, Oscar J., Vargas-Nieto, Juan Camilo, Kácha, Ondřej, Arvanitis, Alexios, Xiao, Qinyu, Cárcamo, Rodrigo, Zorjan, Saša, Tajchman, Zuzanna, Vilares, Iris, Pavlacic, Jeffrey M., Kunst, Jonas R., Tamnes, Christian K., von Bastian, Claudia C., Atari, Mohammad, Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Hricova, Monika, Kačmár, Pavol, Schrötter, Jana, Rahal, Rima-Maria, Cohen, Noga, FatahModares, Saeideh, Zrimsek, Miha, Zakharov, Ilya, Koehn, Monica A., Esteban-Serna, Celia, Calin-Jageman, Robert J., Krafnick, Anthony J., Štrukelj, Eva, Isager, Peder Mortvedt, Urban, Jan, Silva, Jaime R., Martončik, Marcel, Očovaj, Sanja Batić, Šakan, Dušana, Kuzminska, Anna O., Djordjevic, Jasna Milosevic, Almeida, Inês A. T., Ferreira, Ana, Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., Manley, Harry, Ricaurte, Danilo Zambrano, Monteiro, Renan P., Etabari, Zahra, Musser, Erica, Dunleavy, Daniel, Chou, Weilun, Godbersen, Hendrik, Ruiz-Fernández, Susana, Reeck, Crystal, Batres, Carlota, Kirgizova, Komila, Muminov, Abdumalik, Azevedo, Flavio, Alvarez, Daniela Serrato, Butt, Muhammad Mussaffa, Lee, Jeong Min, Chen, Zhang, Verbruggen, Frederick, Ziano, Ignazio, Tümer, Murat, Charyate, Abdelilah C. A., Dubrov, Dmitrii, Tejada Rivera, María del Carmen M. C., Aberson, Christopher, Pálfi, Bence, Maldonado, Mónica Alarcón, Hubena, Barbora, Sacakli, Asli, Ceary, Chris D., Richard, Karley L., Singer, Gage, Perillo, Jennifer T., Ballantyne, Tonia, Cyrus-Lai, Wilson, Fedotov, Maksim, Du, Hongfei, Wielgus, Magdalena, Pit, Ilse L., Hruška, Matej, Sousa, Daniela, Aczel, Balazs, Hajdu, Nandor, Szaszi, Barnabas, Adamus, Sylwia, Barzykowski, Krystian, Micheli, Leticia, Schmidt, Nadya-Daniela, Zsido, Andras N., Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Muda, Rafał, Bialek, Michal, Kowal, Marta, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Misiak, Michal, Mola, Débora, Ortiz, María Victoria, Correa, Pablo Sebastián, Belaus, Anabel, Muchembled, Fany, Ribeiro, Rafael R., Arriaga, Patricia, Oliveira, Raquel, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Szwed, Paulina, Kossowska, Małgorzata, Czarnek, Gabriela, Kielińska, Julita, Antazo, Benedict, Betlehem, Ruben, Stieger, Stefan, Nilsonne, Gustav, Simonovic, Nicolle, Taber, Jennifer, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie, Domurat, Artur, Ihaya, Keiko, Yamada, Yuki, Urooj, Anum, Gill, Tripat, Čadek, Martin, Bylinina, Lisa, Messerschmidt, Johanna, Kurfalı, Murathan, Adetula, Adeyemi, Baklanova, Ekaterina, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Kappes, Heather B., Gjoneska, Biljana, House, Thea, Jones, Marc V., Berkessel, Jana B., Chopik, William J., Çoksan, Sami, Seehuus, Martin, Khaoudi, Ahmed, Bokkour, Ahmed, El Arabi, Kanza Ait, Djamai, Ikhlas, Iyer, Aishwarya, Parashar, Neha, Adiguzel, Arca, Kocalar, Halil Emre, Bundt, Carsten, Norton, James O., Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, De la Rosa-Gomez, Anabel, Ankushev, Vladislav, Bogatyreva, Natalia, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Ivanov, Aleksandr, Prusova, Irina, Romanova, Marina, Sarieva, Irena, Terskova, Maria, Hristova, Evgeniya, Kadreva, Veselina Hristova, Janak, Allison, Schei, Vidar, Sverdrup, Therese E., Askelund, Adrian Dahl, Pineda, Lina Maria Sanabria, Krupić, Dajana, Levitan, Carmel A., Johannes, Niklas, Ouherrou, Nihal, Say, Nicolas, Sinkolova, Sladjana, Janjić, Kristina, Stojanovska, Marija, Stojanovska, Dragana, Khosla, Meetu, Thomas, Andrew G., Kung, Franki Y. H., Bijlstra, Gijsbert, Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz, Balci, Busra Bahar, Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Baskin, Ernest, Ishkhanyan, Byurakn, Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna, Dixson, Barnaby James Wyld, Moreau, David, Sutherland, Clare A. M., Chuan-Peng, Hu, Noone, Chris, Flowe, Heather, Anne, Michele, Janssen, Steve M. J., Topor, Marta, Majeed, Nadyanna M., Kunisato, Yoshihiko, Yu, Karen, Daches, Shimrit, Hartanto, Andree, Vdovic, Milica, Anton-Boicuk, Lisa, Forbes, Paul A. G., Kamburidis, Julia, Marinova, Evelina, Nedelcheva-Datsova, Mina, Rachev, Nikolay R., Stoyanova, Alina, Schmidt, Kathleen, Suchow, Jordan W., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria, Jernsäther, Teodor, Olofsson, Jonas K., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Marszalek, Magdalena, Tatachari, Srinivasan, Afhami, Reza, Law, Wilbert, Antfolk, Jan, Žuro, Barbara, Van Doren, Natalia, Soto, Jose A., Searston, Rachel, Miranda, Jacob, Damnjanović, Kaja, Yeung, Siu Kit, Krupić, Dino, Hoyer, Karlijn, Jaeger, Bastian, Ren, Dongning, Pfuhl, Gerit, Klevjer, Kristoffer, Corral-Frías, Nadia S., Frias-Armenta, Martha, Lucas, Marc Y., Torres, Adriana Olaya, Toro, Mónica, Delgado, Lady Grey Javela, Vega, Diego, Solas, Sara Álvarez, Vilar, Roosevelt, Massoni, Sébastien, Frizzo, Thomas, Bran, Alexandre, Vaidis, David C., Vieira, Luc, Paris, Bastien, Capizzi, Mariagrazia, Coelho, Gabriel Lins de Holanda, Greenburgh, Anna, Whitt, Cassie M., Tullett, Alexa M., Du, Xinkai, Volz, Leonhard, Bosma, Minke Jasmijn, Karaarslan, Cemre, Sarıoğuz, Eylül, Allred, Tara Bulut, Korbmacher, Max, Colloff, Melissa F., Lima, Tiago J. S., Ribeiro, Matheus Fernando Felix, Verharen, Jeroen P. H., Karekla, Maria, Karashiali, Christiana, Sunami, Naoyuki, Jaremka, Lisa M., Storage, Daniel, Habib, Sumaiya, Studzinska, Anna, Hanel, Paul H. P., Holford, Dawn Liu, Sirota, Miroslav, Wolfe, Kelly, Chiu, Faith, Theodoropoulou, Andriana, Ahn, El Rim, Lin, Yijun, Westgate, Erin C., Brohmer, Hilmar, Hofer, Gabriela, Dujols, Olivier, Vezirian, Kevin, Feldman, Gilad, Travaglino, Giovanni A., Ahmed, Afroja, Li, Manyu, Bosch, Jasmijn, Torunsky, Nathan, Bai, Hui, Manavalan, Mathi, Song, Xin, Walczak, Radoslaw B., Zdybek, Przemysław, Friedemann, Maja, Rosa, Anna Dalla, Kozma, Luca, Alves, Sara G., Lins, Samuel, Pinto, Isabel R., Correia, Rita C., Babinčák, Peter, Banik, Gabriel, Rojas-Berscia, Luis Miguel, Varella, Marco A. C., Uttley, Jim, Beshears, Julie E., Thommesen, Katrine Krabbe, Behzadnia, Behzad, Geniole, Shawn N., Silan, Miguel A., Maturan, Princess Lovella G., Vilsmeier, Johannes K., Tran, Ulrich S., Izquierdo, Sara Morales, Mensink, Michael C., Sorokowski, Piotr, Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, Radtke, Theda, Adoric, Vera Cubela, Carpentier, Joelle, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Hedgebeth, Mattie V., Ishii, Tatsunori, Wichman, Aaron L., Röer, Jan Philipp, Ostermann, Thomas, Davis, William E., Suter, Lilian, Papachristopoulos, Konstantinos, Zabel, Chelsea, Onie, Sandersan, Ebersole, Charles R., Chartier, Christopher R., Mallik, Peter R., Urry, Heather L., Buchanan, Erin M., Coles, Nicholas A., Primbs, Maximilian A., Basnight-Brown, Dana M., IJzerman, Hans, Forscher, Patrick S., and Moshontz, Hannah

Published
2022
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44. Recommendations for Effective Integration of Ethics and Responsible Conduct of Research (E/RCR) Education into Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences: A Meeting Report

Author

Diaz-Martinez, Laura A., Fisher, Ginger R., Esparza, David, Bhatt, Jay M., D'Arcy, Christina E., Apodaca, Jennifer, Brownell, Sara, Corwin, Lisa, Davis, William B., Floyd, Kevin W., Killion, Patrick J., Madden, Jaclyn, Marsteller, Patricia, Mayfield-Meyer, Teresa, McDonald, Kelly K., Rosenberg, Martina, Yarborough, Mark A., and Olimpo, Jeffrey T.

Abstract

Advancement of the scientific enterprise relies on individuals conducting research in anethical and responsible manner. Educating emergent scholars in the principles of ethics/responsible conduct of research (E/RCR) is therefore critical to ensuring such advancement. The recent impetus to include authentic research opportunities as part of the undergraduate curriculum, via course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs), hasbeen shown to increase cognitive and noncognitive student outcomes. Because of theseimportant benefits, CUREs are becoming more common and often constitute the first research experience for many students. However, despite the importance of E/RCR in theresearch process, we know of few efforts to incorporate E/RCR education into CUREs. TheEthics Network for Course-based Opportunities in Undergraduate Research (ENCOUR)was created to address this concern and promote the integration of E/RCR within CUREsin the biological sciences and related disciplines. During the inaugural ENCOUR meeting, afour-pronged approach was used to develop guidelines for the effective integration of E/RCR in CUREs. This approach included: 1) defining appropriate student learning objectives;2) identifying relevant curriculum; 3) identifying relevant assessments; and 4) defining keyaspects of professional development for CURE facilitators. Meeting outcomes, includingthe aforementioned E/RCR guidelines, are described herein.

Published
2019
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45. Construction Ahead: Evaluating Deployment Methods for Categorization Tasks as Precursors to Lecture

Author

Casper, Anne Marie A., Woodbury, Jacob M., Davis, William B., and Offerdahl, Erika G.

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that sorting tasks are a useful tool both for measuring and aiding student learning as well as facilitating the transfer of knowledge to novel contexts. These tasks require students to categorize scenarios or information in new ways that facilitate connection making and deeper understanding. As such, sorting tasks represent one of many potentially useful preclass activities to prepare students for engaging in active learning classrooms. Yet there are few studies to inform their implementation, particularly in undergraduate STEM where the large enrollments of introductory courses present unique logistical challenges. In this article, we briefly review the literature rationalizing sorting tasks as a preclass activity for fostering deep initial learning and transfer. We then summarize some practical considerations for implementing sort tasks as preclass activities in a large-lecture biology course. Finally, we share classroom data in a description of our own experiences in using two strategies (course management system vs. card-sorting software) for deploying sort tasks in support of active learning in large-lecture courses and discuss the general affordances and limitations of the two strategies we used.

Published
2019

46. Coaching to Improve Teacher Instruction and Behavior Management in a High Poverty School: A Case Study

Author

Reddy, Linda A., Shernoff, Elisa, Lekwa, Adam, Matthews, Christian, Davis, William, and Dudek, Christopher M.

Abstract

This case study describes in depth the actions and processes associated with implementing the Classroom Strategies Coaching (CSC) model with a 3rd-grade teacher, Sara. The CSC model uses formative assessment data to support teachers' use of evidenced-based instructional and behavior management practices. The CSC model took place across 8 weeks in a high poverty school. Findings highlight increased use of behavior praise and concept summaries by Sara (single subject effect sizes of 8.49, 0.56) and reduced need for practice changes in academic performance feedback and behavior praise (as measured by Classroom Strategies Assessment System discrepancy scores [i.e., [sigma] recommended frequency-observed frequency]; effect sizes of -1.21, -1.77). Improvements in student academic engagement (effect size of 2.55) and teacher reported instructional support were also found.

Published
2019
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48. Correction to: FungalTraits: a user friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles

Author

Põlme, Sergei, Abarenkov, Kessy, Henrik Nilsson, R., Lindahl, Björn D., Clemmensen, Karina Engelbrecht, Kauserud, Havard, Nguyen, Nhu, Kjøller, Rasmus, Bates, Scott T., Baldrian, Petr, Frøslev, Tobias Guldberg, Adojaan, Kristjan, Vizzini, Alfredo, Suija, Ave, Pfister, Donald, Baral, Hans-Otto, Järv, Helle, Madrid, Hugo, Nordén, Jenni, Liu, Jian-Kui, Pawlowska, Julia, Põldmaa, Kadri, Pärtel, Kadri, Runnel, Kadri, Hansen, Karen, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Hyde, Kevin David, Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo, Smith, Matthew E., Toome-Heller, Merje, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Menolli, Jr., Nelson, Reynolds, Nicole K., Drenkhan, Rein, Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N., Gibertoni, Tatiana B., Læssøe, Thomas, Davis, William, Tokarev, Yuri, Corrales, Adriana, Soares, Adriene Mayra, Agan, Ahto, Machado, Alexandre Reis, Argüelles-Moyao, Andrés, Detheridge, Andrew, de Meiras-Ottoni, Angelina, Verbeken, Annemieke, Dutta, Arun Kumar, Cui, Bao-Kai, Pradeep, C. K., Marín, César, Stanton, Daniel, Gohar, Daniyal, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Otsing, Eveli, Aslani, Farzad, Griffith, Gareth W., Lumbsch, Thorsten H., Grossart, Hans-Peter, Masigol, Hossein, Timling, Ina, Hiiesalu, Inga, Oja, Jane, Kupagme, John Y., Geml, József, Alvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta, Ilves, Kai, Loit, Kaire, Adamson, Kalev, Nara, Kazuhide, Küngas, Kati, Rojas-Jimenez, Keilor, Bitenieks, Krišs, Irinyi, László, Nagy, László G., Soonvald, Liina, Zhou, Li-Wei, Wagner, Lysett, Aime, M. Catherine, Öpik, Maarja, Mujica, María Isabel, Metsoja, Martin, Ryberg, Martin, Vasar, Martti, Murata, Masao, Nelsen, Matthew P., Cleary, Michelle, Samarakoon, Milan C., Doilom, Mingkwan, Bahram, Mohammad, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar, Dulya, Olesya, Johnston, Peter, Kohout, Petr, Chen, Qian, Tian, Qing, Nandi, Rajasree, Amiri, Rasekh, Perera, Rekhani Hansika, dos Santos Chikowski, Renata, Mendes-Alvarenga, Renato L., Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Gielen, Robin, Phookamsak, Rungtiwa, Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Rahimlou, Saleh, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Brown, Shawn P., Sepp, Siim-Kaarel, Mundra, Sunil, Luo, Zhu-Hua, Bose, Tanay, Vahter, Tanel, Netherway, Tarquin, Yang, Teng, May, Tom, Varga, Torda, Li, Wei, Coimbra, Victor Rafael Matos, de Oliveira, Virton Rodrigo Targino, de Lima, Vitor Xavier, Mikryukov, Vladimir S., Lu, Yongzhong, Matsuda, Yosuke, Miyamoto, Yumiko, Kõljalg, Urmas, and Tedersoo, Leho

Published
2021
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50. Developing a Quantitative Methods Course for Civil and Construction Engineering Students.

Author

Greenburg, David S., Davis, William J., Righter, James, and Singleton, Eva

Subjects
BREAK-even analysis, MONTE Carlo method, DECISION trees, ENGINEERING students, LINEAR programming
Abstract

The ability to apply quantitative methods to gather, review, analyze and draw conclusions from data to support decision making is an important skillset in the engineering profession. We developed a new threecredit hour undergraduate course to develop a deeper understanding and appreciation for basic quantitative methods for construction engineering students. The course’s main objective is to provide basic skills in quantitative methods, by familiarizing students with the critical steps in an analytical approach to decision-making. The course applies a hands-on approach to problem solving and decision making using various engineering-themed problems that practicing engineers are likely to face. The specific methods explored include; constructing quantitative models to include break-even analysis, decision trees, linear optimization, PERT/CPM schedule development and crashing, as well as Monte Carlo Simulation and sensitivity analysis to generate and interpret problem solutions. Instruction emphasizes a hands-on approach and practical assignments to develop a logical framework for describing and solving problems. This new course emphasizes Excel software rather than hand calculations and introduces use of Excel Solver and other data analysis tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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