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Many natural and managed organisms will require substantial functional genetic variation to respond to selection in the face of rapid environmental change. Pacific salmon have experienced strong fluctuations in critical fitness traits over the past five decades. We examined genetic and phenotypic variability over three generations in a pedigreed hatchery population of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by monitoring seven fitness-related traits. Three-year-old adult return numbers varied more than fivefold, and jack (2-year-old males) numbers varied 13-fold. Body sizes of Inch Creek coho salmon decreased consistently such that fish were only 40.7% as heavy in 2015 as in 2006, and female reproductive traits also decreased. During the study period, the majority of families produced returning adult progeny, and effective population size was relatively constant. Heritability estimates for phenotypic traits were significantly greater than zero except for condition factor, and the estimated heritability for jacking was 0.42. The Inch Creek coho salmon population harbours substantial heritability for fitness and reproductive traits and thus likely retains substantial capacity for adaptation despite many years of hatchery propagation. De nombreux organismes naturels et faisant l'objet d'une gestion necessiteront une variation genetique fonctionnelle considerable pour reagir a la selection decoulant de changements environnementaux rapides. Les saumons du Pacifique ont presente de fortes fluctuations de caracteres cles associes a l'aptitude au cours des cinq dernieres decennies. Nous examinons la variabilite genetique et phenotypique sur trois generations dans une population d'ecloserie de saumons cohos (Oncorhynchus kisutch) de genealogie connue, en examinant sept caracteres relies a l'aptitude. Le nombre de retours d'adultes de 3 ans varie par un facteur de plus de cinq et le nombre de males furtifs (de 2 ans) varie par un facteur de treize. La taille du corps des saumons cohos d'Inch Creek a diminue de maniere soutenue, de sorte que, en 2015, la masse des poissons n'etait que de 40,7 % de celle de 2006, et des caracteres associes a la reproduction des femelles ont egalement diminue. Durant la periode d'etude, la majorite des familles ont produit une progeniture comptant des adultes de retour, et la taille effective de la population etait relativement constante. Des estimations de l'heritabilite pour des caracteres phenotypiques sont significativement superieures a zero, sauf pour le facteur d'embonpoint, et l'heritabilite estimee de la maturation sexuelle des males est de 0,42. La population de saumons cohos d'Inch Creek presente une heritabilite considerable en ce qui concerne des caracteres associes a l'aptitude et a la reproduction et conserve donc probablement une capacite significative d'adaptation, malgre des annees de propagation en ecloserie. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Many organisms are facing rapid environmental changes that may require adjustments of basic life history phenotypes to maintain high levels of fitness (Crozier et al. 2008). Before extreme conditions [...]

Michigan State University's Adolescent Project (MSUAP) was founded in the mid-1970s to create university-community collaboration through which innovative educational experiences would be offered, best practice intervention practices employed, and sound scientific methodology used to address the pressing social issue of juvenile delinquency. The project sought to create a more effective alternative to the juvenile justice system through the use of highly trained and supervised mentors (MSU undergraduate students); to scientifically examine the efficacy of this mentoring program, the relative efficacy of multiple intervention models, and the impact of the project on students, the university, and the local community; and, contingent upon success, to create a long-term collaboration between MSU and the local community. Through a series of longitudinal field experiments the project has demonstrated that youth who participated engaged in repeat offenses at significantly lower rates than those youth randomly assigned to a control group. (Contains 4 tables.)

Latinas are more likely to exhibit late stage breast cancers at the time of diagnosis and have lower survival rates compared to white women. A contributing factor may be that Latinas have lower rates of mammography screening. This study was guided by the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use to examine factors associated with mammography screening utilization among middle-aged Latinas. An academic-community health center partnership collected data from community-based sample of 208 Latinas 40 years and older in the San Diego County who completed measures assessing psychosocial factors, health care access, and recent mammography screening. Results showed that 84.6 % had ever had a mammogram and 76.2 % of women had received a mammogram in the past 2 years. Characteristics associated with mammography screening adherence included a lower acculturation (OR 3.663) a recent physician visit in the past year (OR 6.304), and a greater confidence in filling out medical forms (OR 1.743), adjusting for covariates. Results demonstrate that an annual physical examination was the strongest predictor of recent breast cancer screening. Findings suggest that in this community, improving access to care among English-speaking Latinas and addressing health literacy issues are essential for promoting breast cancer screening utilization.

Prisoner reentry programs continue to be developed and implemented to ease the process of transition into the community and to curtail fiscal pressures. This study describes and provides relapse and recidivism outcome findings related to a randomized trial evaluating a multimodal, community-based reentry program that prioritized substance abuse treatment. Results from analyses suggest negligible effects for participants of the program across multiple outcome indicators. Avenues for further exploration are provided, with a cautionary emphasis on the continued expansion of multimodal community-based reentry programs. (Contains 4 tables, 2 figures and 4 footnotes.)

Examined level of faculty support and professional development reported by African-American students (n=182). Mentoring was found to be a significant predictor of student development. One-third of the sample reported receiving no help from faculty and staff at the university or from professionals in the community. (Author/NB)

Intimate partner violence (IPV) increases risk for depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Most studies use a dose-response approach to examine the impact of IPV on mental health, but they often fail to explain mental health outcome specificity as well as to assess the impact of women's subjective appraisals. The present research examined women's IPV stressfulness appraisals and their psychological functioning (depressive and PTSD symptoms). Results indicate that IPV stressfulness appraisals are associated with depressive symptoms over and above frequency and severity of IPV. PTSD symptoms were associated with frequent and stressful IPV. Women who experienced highly frequent and highly stressful IPV were most likely to display comorbid depressive and PTSD symptoms. Results underscore the importance of women's subjective experiences and the heterogeneity of women's responses to IPV. Keywords: domestic violence; intimate partner violence; stressfulness appraisals; mental health; PTSD; depression DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.24.6.707

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.09.002 Byline: G. Anne Bogat, Erika DeJonghe, Alytia A. Levendosky, William S. Davidson, Alexander von Eye Keywords: Trauma; Intimate partner violence; Domestic violence; Infants; Person orientation Abstract: To determine whether infants have a traumatic response to intimate partner violence (male violence toward their female partner; IPV) experienced by their mothers, two questions were explored: (1) Is the number of infant trauma symptoms related to the infant's temperament and the mother's mental health? (2) Does severity of violence moderate those relationships? Author Affiliation: Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 107E Psychology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA Article History: Received 3 October 2003; Revised 25 July 2005; Accepted 30 September 2005 Article Note: (footnote) [star] This study was supported, in part, by grants from the National Institute of Justice (#8-7958-MI-IJ) and Centers for Disease Control (R49/CCR518519-03-1). Portions of this paper were presented at the Society for Research in Child Development conference in Tampa, FL, April 2003.

The relationships among women's experiences of domestic violence, community violence, and their mental health functioning were explored (N = 94). Social contagion theory was used to argue for the link between community violence and family violence. Results revealed that women's experiences of domestic violence were not related to community violence. Furthermore, women's mental health functioning was solely associated with their experiences of domestic violence, not with community violence. Results are discussed in terms of an ecological model of domestic violence and future directions for exploring linkages between neighborhood characteristics and individual experiences. KEY WORDS: domestic violence; community violence; social contagion theory; women's mental health.