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In the form of a visual essay, this reflection charts a course through eight specific moments in Australian performance design history. Selected by guest editor Tessa Rixon, this essay features contributions from Australia’s most established designers from sound, lighting and costume through to the latest in performance design practice and research. Specially curated for this special edition on Australian scenography, each contributor reflects on a personal experience of a pivotal performance design from their own practice or their experience as an audience member. The resulting contributions present a mix of design forms and focuses, across all forms of live performance – mainstage theatre, independent site-specific performance, queer theatre, Indigenous theatre, Indigenous dance, scenography for performance beyond the stage frame, performance in response to the climate crisis and finally, a few pivotal stepping stones in our national scenographic identity – from the very personal, to the very global. These exemplars of design practice shape what we now could call Australian scenography.

In 2018, the government of Canada legalized cannabis for non-medical use. In addition to safeguarding public health, the main objective was to divert profits from the illicit market and restricting its availability to youth. This dramatic shift in policy direction introduces new challenges for the criminal justice system due to the persistence of unlawful distribution among persons who refuse to abide by the new law. Continuing unlawful distribution is foreseeable, in part, because of stringent measures to reduce availability by targeting participants in the illegal market. Recognizing that the most heavy, frequent, users account for the majority of cannabis consumed—and are the group most likely to keep purchasing from dealers because of lower costs and easy access—the illegal market will continue to provide a substantial (albeit unknown) proportion of the total volume. The recent change in policy in Canada provides new opportunities for research to assess how legalization of cannabis affects its use and distribution patterns. The National Cannabis Survey (NCS), administered at three-month intervals, allows for multi-wave comparison of prevalence statistics and point of purchase information before and after legalization. Drawing on the NCS, this article examines the extent to which the primary supply source has changed across the provinces, controlling for other factors and consumer characteristics. Findings are interpreted with reference to studies of cannabis law reform in North America informing research and policy observers in these and other jurisdictions, undergoing or considering, similar reforms.

The adverse mental health outcomes of youth in-care have been examined from a number of disciplinary perspectives. A sociological approach emphasizes the importance that environmental and social factors play in the development of mental health problems. What remains unknown is the extent to which general strain theory (GST) and self-control theory can explain the mental health outcomes of youth in-care. The sample consists of 1419 youth taken from the 2016 Ontario Looking After Children (OnLAC) project who are between 16 and 17 years of age. Results indicate that having lower levels of self-control, experiencing multiple placement changes, group home placement, and being female are associated with an increase in psychiatric services and lower positive mental health. The findings highlight the importance of recognizing both the direct and indirect relationship of strain and self-control on mental health outcomes of youth in-care.

This article assesses the regulatory steer provided by the Maritime Labour Convention 2006, against the research evidence as to what works in making for effective worker representation and consultation on occupational safety and health. Based on the testimony of seafarers and regulatory agencies, it demonstrates that the Maritime Labour Convention provisions lack the necessary elements for an effective regulatory steer. This is because the conditions shown to support this form of representation are absent from or underdeveloped in the shipboard work environment. The article concludes with some suggested ways to enhance the Convention’s provisions to achieve a more positive effect for seafarers. JEL Codes: J28, J53, J83

This paper seeks to explore the history of miners’ struggles to represent their interests in health and safety in coalmines in a range of countries in the period between 1870 and 1925. It has two objectives, the first objective being to examine these struggles both in terms of what determined them and how effective they were. The second objective is to assess the significance of these struggles for current understandings of representative participation in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). Starting with late 19th century Australia, the research method involved search, retrieval and analysis of historical sources including newspaper accounts, recorded testimony to Commissions of Inquiry into mining incidents and disasters, records of the debates of the legislature on relevant regulatory reforms and records of trade union meetings, as well as the accounts of contemporary observers and published analysis.Extending its inquiry to other countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, France and Belgium, the methods used for these countries were less focused on newspaper accounts and more reliant on the analysis of published historical records of national and international trade union congresses, and those of the legislatures of these countries, as well as theses and accounts in the research literature. In combination, these sources corroborate one another and provide rich qualitative data, the analysis of which has achieved both research objectives.As well as filling an important gap in the literature on the development of worker involvement in OHS, this paper shows that coalminers’ struggles and strategies for workers to have a say in their health and safety, and the contexts that shaped them are both instructive and important in understanding current experiences., Cet article cherche à cerner l’histoire des luttes des mineurs en matière de santé et de sécurité dans les mines de charbon de divers pays entre 1870 et 1925. Il a deux objectifs, le premier étant d’examiner ces luttes tant en termes de ce qui les a déterminées que de leur efficacité. Le deuxième objectif est d’évaluer l’importance de ces luttes pour la compréhension actuelle de la participation représentative à la santé et la sécurité au travail (SST).À partir du cas de l’Australie de la fin du XIXe siècle, la méthode de recherche a consisté à rechercher, retrouver et analyser des sources historiques, notamment des articles de journaux, des témoignages enregistrés auprès des commissions d’enquête sur les incidents et les catastrophes minières, des comptes-rendus des débats du Parlement sur les réformes réglementaires pertinentes et des procès-verbaux de réunions syndicales, ainsi que les témoignages d’observateurs contemporains et les analyses publiées.Étendant notre enquête à d’autres pays, dont le Royaume-Uni, le Canada, la France et la Belgique, les méthodes utilisées pour ces pays ont été moins axées sur les articles de journaux et davantage tributaires de l’analyse des documents historiques publiés, des rapports de congrès syndicaux internationaux et ceux des assemblées législatives de ces pays, ainsi que des thèses et des rapports de recherche. Combinées, ces sources se corroborent et fournissent des données qualitatives riches, dont l’analyse a permis d’atteindre les deux objectifs de recherche.En plus de combler une lacune importante dans la littérature sur le développement de la participation des travailleurs à la SST, cet article montre que les luttes et les stratégies des mineurs de charbon visant à ce que les travailleurs aient leur mot à dire sur leur santé et leur sécurité au travail, tout comme les contextes qui les ont façonnés, s’avèrent à la fois instructifs et importants pour comprendre les expériences actuelles.

With economic reform, in China, labour turnover of seafarers became more possible. However, little attention has been paid to its consequences. A limited literature indicates that Chinese seafarers may leave state-owned enterprises to become freelance seafarers, working in the global labour market for better wages and employment conditions. There have been predictions of a substantial increase in seafarer export, with China becoming the top labour supplier to the global maritime industry. However, such expectations have been largely unmet. Through 157 qualitative interviews with seafarers and managers in Chinese ship crewing agencies, we explore some reasons why this may be so. The findings suggest that Chinese seafarers are in fact limited in their willingness and ability to leave their companies. This is due to a complex mixture of organisational, regulatory, infrastructural and personal contexts that are their everyday experience of work in China. Analysis further suggests that the underdevelopment of a national regulatory infrastructure and welfare support mechanism for seafarers, along with poor implementation of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006, combine to limit the extent of the reform of the Chinese seafaring labour market. Together, these factors help to explain why China’s seafaring labour export has been far lower than anticipated. JEL Codes: D40, E24, F66, J61, J83

While most doctoral students aspire to become a full-time professor, many graduates with doctoral degrees may instead be employed in temporary positions as university teachers or researchers. The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which these early employment experiences differ for doctoral graduates of various fields of study, using Canada as a case study. Drawing on Statistics Canada’s 2013 National Graduates Survey, our results reveal that doctoral graduates of most fields, especially those with degrees in the sciences, arts, and humanities, are more likely to be in temporary forms of academic employment than they are as full-time professors, 3-to-4 years after graduation. The findings highlight the labor market realities facing doctoral graduates in the Canadian academic labor market. They should also be very informative to researchers and policy analysts in other countries where doctoral graduates experience similar challenges navigating academic job markets.

This article presents an account of corporate strategies for occupational safety and health (OSH) management in container terminals operated by large global companies in four countries, and their delivery in the operation of terminal work activities. It indicates a substantial gap between these aims and approaches, their orientation at corporate and terminal management levels and the workers’ experiences in the terminals. While this gap is evident everywhere, it is considerably more pronounced in the terminals of the low-income country included in the study. The article indicates that in day-to-day practice, OSH is principally addressed through behaviour control strategies that fail to reach many aspects of occupational health and safety that workers perceive as important. It further indicates that contractor workers are hardest hit by such practice and suggests a radical rethinking of corporate approaches to safety and health is required to justify the claim that they represent ‘corporate core values’.

The role of the family, parenting behaviors, and parent-child relations continue to be a focal point for explaining deviant behavior. An area of research within this field that has been garnering i...

Objective: To examine the screening–treatment–mortality pathway among women with invasive breast cancer in 2006–2014 using linked data. Methods: BreastScreen histories of South Australian women diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 8453) were investigated. Treatments recorded within 12 months from diagnosis were obtained from linked registry and administrative data. Associations of screening history with treatment were investigated using logistic regression and with cancer mortality outcomes using competing risk analyses, adjusting for sociodemographic, cancer and comorbidity characteristics. Results and conclusion: For screening ages of 50–69 years, 70% had participated in BreastScreen SA ≤ 5 years and 53% ≤ 2 years of diagnosis. Five-year disease-specific survival post-diagnosis was 90%. Compared with those not screened ≤5 years, women screened ≤2 years had higher odds, adjusted for socio-demographic, cancer and comorbidity characteristics, and diagnostic period, of breast-conserving surgery (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.9–3.2) and radiotherapy (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3). These women had a lower unadjusted risk of post-diagnostic cancer mortality (SHR 0.33, 95% CI 0.27–0.41), partly mediated by stage (aSHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51–0.81), and less breast surgery (aSHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.99). Screening ≤2 years and conserving surgery appeared to have a greater than additive association with lower post-diagnostic mortality (interaction term SHR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23–0.78). The screening–treatment– mortality pathway was investigated using linked data. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This paper reviews recent literature on prevention services for occupational safety and health (OSH) in the changing world of work found in the Member States of the European Union. Based on the findings of a wider review of the literature on support for securing compliance on OSH undertaken for EU-OSHA, it defines what is understood by ‘prevention services’, identifies various historical and current approaches to their operation and explores the regulatory and policy contexts in which they function in the EU. The review identifies a number of serious concerns about the coverage of these services, and their contribution to supporting prevention practice. It finds their marketisation in recent decades has contributed little to their development in these respects. The paper discusses the challenges confronting their future of role in support for good practice in OSH and concludes with a number of questions for policy and future research.

Background The incidence of detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) continues to increase and now accounts for 14% of all breast cancer, and 20%-25% of screen-detected cases. Treatment trends of DCIS are important in order to inform the ongoing debate about possible overdiagnosis and overtreatment, but have not been investigated for over a decade in Australia and New Zealand. Against this background, we aimed to describe the temporal trends in management of DCIS in Australian and New Zealander women. Methods Using the BreastSurgANZ Quality Audit (BQA) database, we conducted a descriptive study of the trends of management of DCIS in Australia and New Zealand from 2007 to 2016. We assessed the frequency of surgical treatments, adjuvant therapies, and axillary surgery conducted in women with pure DCIS. Results There were 17 883 cases of pure DCIS in 2007-2016 in Australia and New Zealand recorded in the BQA database. The treatment patterns were consistent with no changes over time. The most common surgical treatment was breast-conserving surgery (66%), followed by mastectomy (37%), and 36% of women with DCIS received sentinel node biopsy (SNB). Conclusion The clinical management of women diagnosed with DCIS in Australia and New Zealand, appears stable over time. A substantial proportion of women with DCIS receive SNB and this aspect of surgical care warrants further exploration to determine whether it represents appropriate care. These results, alongside the outcomes of the ongoing clinical trials on the management of DCIS, will help inform if any changes to best practice treatment are required.

Level of postsecondary schooling and field of study remain significant markers of social stratification. However, the extent to which these various types of postsecondary schooling influence the labor market outcomes of recent male and female graduates is unknown. Drawing on data from Statistics Canada’s 2013 National Graduates Survey, we examine the employment status and gender gap in earnings among recent Canadian male and female graduates at different levels of postsecondary education and various fields of study, three years after graduation. The findings indicate substantial gender disparities in employment status across all types of postsecondary education. The gender gap in earnings is highest among trades and community college graduates, but effectively disappears for graduates with earned doctorate degrees. With respect to field of study, the gender wage gap is smallest among liberal arts graduates and largest among graduates with math-, computer science-, or engineering-related credentials. The policy implications associated with these findings should be of interest to international researchers as pay equity among men and women in the workforce remains a priority for all OECD countries.

The decade from 1970 witnessed major reforms of occupational health and safety (OSH) laws in Western Europe, North America and Australasia. The establishment of worker representation in OSH was one of their most significant features. Largely overlooked in commentary then or since however was the fact that worker representation in safety had a far longer history, having operated in coal mining from a century earlier in some countries. The purpose of this paper is not so much to fill this historical gap as to examine this earlier development in terms of its contribution to better understand worker representation in OSH at the present time.

Pro-charging policies were implemented in Canada in the 1980s to denounce intimate partner violence (IPV). Since pro-charging policies were implemented, the proportion of men charged remains higher than women charged; however, the proportion of women charged increased dramatically. Little is known about the gendered differences in charging decisions in IPV cases. Utilizing a sample of 1,708 accused charged in IPV cases, logistic regression was employed to examine the influence of accused gender on the number of charges laid and the type of primary offence accused were charged with. The findings reveal there are differences between male- and female-perpetrated violence or responses to their violence, requiring more investigation.

We discuss experience of worker representation in occupational health and safety in the European Union, using findings from a large qualitative study of practices in 143 establishments in seven Member States. This study was a follow-up to the second EU-OSHA European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks. We focus on the experience of the operation of the institutional forms of representation of workers in safety and health and draw attention to the extent to which statutory provisions largely conceived in pluralist industrial relations contexts are currently operationalized in more unitary ones. We discuss the consequences for the model of representation that previous studies have identified to be most effective.

Background: We investigated treatment and survival by clinical and sociodemographic characteristics in South Australia for service evaluation using linked data.Method: Data on invasive female breast cancers (n=13494) from the South Australian Cancer Registry (2000-2014 diagnoses) were linked to hospital inpatient, radiotherapy, and universal health insurance data. Treatments <12 months from diagnosis and survival were analysed, using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) from logistic regression, and adjusted sub-hazard ratios (aSHRs) from competing risk regression. Results: Five-year disease-specific survival increased to 91% for 2010-2014. Survival was lower for: ages 70+ years, and lowest for 80+ years (aSHR 2.04, 95%CI 1.69-2.47), compared with ages Conclusions: High survival from breast cancer in South Australia was comparable to the Australia-wide rate and did not differ by residential remoteness and country of birth. Surgical treatment within 12 months after cancer diagnosis increased during the study period and strongly predicted higher survival. Patients aged 70+ years had lower survival and less treatment, and more trial evidence is needed to optimize trade-offs between benefits and harms in this older age range. Systemic therapy was less for residents from most disadvantaged areas, while radiotherapy was less for residents of outer regional and remote areas.

Container terminals are critical nodes in the globalisation of trade. Many are operated by global companies with strong corporate rhetoric espousing zero tolerance of injury and ill-health. Yet operational practices often contribute to the intensification of work and outsourcing of labour; conditions associated with poor safety and health. Serious and fatal injuries and ill-health continue to occur in these terminals. With reference to the findings of a study of occupational safety and health (OSH) arrangements in terminals operated by four of the largest operators, key contextual determinants in the terminals’ labour relations and regulatory environments that influence practice and outcomes are identified. The influences are compared in different national settings and, the paper finds, like multinational companies generally, global operators are obliged to adapt and reflect local contexts. In relation to OSH best practice, a critical influence is the way that local context acts to constrain and challenge business logics and interests. This acts to make 'best practice' more likely where companies are constrained in this way, regardless of the claims of their corporate rhetoric.

This paper discusses fi review of recent literature on support for securing compliance and better practice in occupational safety and health (OSH) in the changing world of work in advanced market economies. It explores innovative responses of regulators and private actors to the challenges created by these changes, as well as considering their impact on further forms of support for good practice, such as provided by prevention services and OSH professionals. Although the review is based on a wide-ranging search of the literature in English, its discussion is focused on implications for prevention policies in the European Union. In particular, it considers the extent to which the literature suggests that the current strategic framework for supporting compliance — via EU policies over the past two decades, with a new Strategic Framework anticipated in 2021 — can be said to address these challenges effectively. Not surprisingly, it finds that the literature reveals some gaps between the policy rhetoric and the practice at both EU and Member State levels.