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Scheint es vielmals, als habe der moderne Antisemitismus den christlichen Antijudaismus abgelöst, zeigt sich im Erstarken evangelikaler Bewegungen, dass die religiös begründete Feindschaft gegen Jüdinnen und Juden keineswegs zum Erliegen gekommen ist, sondern ungleichzeitig mit gegenwärtigeren Formen fortbesteht. Um das antijudaistische Ressentiment verstehen zu können, empfiehlt sich eine Rückkehr zu den Schriften Freuds, der in wenigen Einlassungen zur Thematik eine Konfliktdynamik skizziert, die auch heute noch aktuell ist: Im antijudaistischen Ressentiment gelten Juden als Verkörperung der Kastrationsangst und Repräsentanten des Gesetzes, welches gleichzeitig befolgt und missachtet werden will.

Background and Aims Root restricting layers often hinder crops from accessing the large reservoir of bioavailable mineral nutrients situated in subsoil. This study aims to explore changes in the mean nutrient uptake depth of cereal crops when removing root restricting layers through subsoil management. Methods Subsoil management was performed by deep loosening, cultivation of lucerne as deep-rooting pre-crop, and their combination with compost incorporation. Management effects were evaluated by means of shoot biomass and element concentrations in shoots and soil compartments. The mean nutrient uptake depth was fingerprinted by graphically matching the 87Sr/86Sr ratios in shoots with the 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the exchangeable fraction in soil. Nutrient uplift from depth to topsoil was inferred from element concentrations in the exchangeable fraction in soil. Results Shoot biomass remained constant in management and control plots. The mean nutrient uptake depth changed with subsoil management in the order: deep loosening Conclusion Subsoil management by deep loosening with compost incorporation provides a sustainable use of soil resources because otherwise unused deep geogenic-derived nutrient reservoirs were additionally involved in crop nutrition.

In a small, forested catchment underlain by gneiss (Conventwald, Black Forest, Germany), we found that the magnesium isotope composition (δ26Mg) of creek water did not show seasonal variability, despite variations in dissolved Mg concentrations. To investigate the potential controlling factors on water δ26Mg values, we studied the Mg isotope composition of solid samples (bedrock, bulk soil, clay-sized fraction of soil, separated minerals, the exchangeable fraction of regolith) and water samples comprising time series of creek water, groundwater and subsurface flow. Subsurface flow from 0–15 cm depth (−0.80 ± 0.08‰) and 15–150 cm depth (−0.66 ± 0.17‰), groundwater (−0.55 ± 0.03‰), and creek water (−0.54 ± 0.04‰) are all depleted in heavy Mg isotopes compared to bedrock (−0.21 ± 0.05‰). Subsurface flow samples have similar δ26Mg values to the regolith exchangeable fraction at the respective sampling depths. Also, groundwater and creek water show δ26Mg values that are identical to those of the exchangeable fraction in the deep regolith. We suggest, therefore, that cation-exchange processes in the regolith control Mg concentrations and δ26Mg values of creek water at our study site. This assumption was further verified by batch adsorption-desorption experiments using soil samples from this study, which showed negligible Mg isotope fractionation during adsorption-desorption. We propose that the exchangeable fraction of the regolith buffers dissolved Mg concentrations by adsorbing and storing Mg when soil solutions are high in concentration in the dry season and desorbing Mg when rainfall infiltrates and percolates through the regolith in the wet season. This mechanism may explain the near chemostatic behavior of Mg concentrations and the invariance of δ26Mg values in creek water. In addition, the depth distribution of exchangeable Mg concentration and isotope composition in the regolith reflects mineral dissolution and secondary mineral formation in deep regolith (>3 m) and biological cycling in shallower depth (0–3 m). Magnesium stable isotopes thus provide an accurate snapshot of the geogenic (weathering) and the organic (bio-cycled) nutrient cycle.

Zusammenfassung Wenn Antisemitismus als globales Phänomen betrachtet wird, ist damit häufig auch eine Tendenz zur Universalisierung insbesondere der Shoah verbunden. Es wird nach verallgemeinerbaren Maßstäben gesucht, um Erinnerungen und Ideologien der Menschenverachtung zu vergleichen. In Deutschland dienen solche Ansätze oftmals zu einer Nivellierung der Besonderheit der deutschen Schuld und wirken damit öffentlich entlastend. Am Beispiel der Debatte um Achille Mbembe diskutiert die Probleme eines zur Universalisierung strebenden Erinnerns. Als Kontrast wird die Arbeit der Bildungsstätte Anne Frank vorgestellt, in der mit der Ausstellung „Anne Frank. Morgen mehr“ die Aufmerksamkeit auf die persönliche Beziehung zum historisch Konkreten gerichtet werden soll.

Zusammenfassung Die Deflektometrie analysiert Messproben durch indirekte Beobachtung einer bekannten Referenzszene als Reflexion in der Oberfläche. Sie benötigt jedoch Zusatzwissen, z.B. über mindestens einen Oberflächenpunkt, um sehr präzise Oberflächengradienten zu messen. Lichtfeldkameras als optische 3D-Messgeräte erlauben es bei teilspiegelnden Oberflächen, die Entfernung sowohl zur Oberfläche als auch zur Referenzszene zu messen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz präsentiert, bei dem diese doppelte Tiefenschätzung effektiv mit der Deflektometrie kombiniert wird. Durch Formulieren der Oberflächenrekonstruktion als Variationsproblem wird die Tiefenschätzung mit den deflektometrischen Gradienten fusioniert. Experimente bestätigen die Methode und zeigen, dass hohe Rekonstruktionsgenauigkeiten erreicht werden.

How flowing water and organisms can shape Earth9s surface, the Critical Zone, depends on how fast this layer is turned over by erosion. To quantify the dependence of rock weathering and the cycling of elements through ecosystems on erosion we have used existing and new metrics that quantify the partitioning and cycling of elements between rock, saprolite, soil, plants, and river dissolved and solid loads. We demonstrate their utility at three sites along a global transect of mountain landscapes that differ in erosion rates – an “erodosequence”. These sites are the Swiss Central Alps, a rapidly-eroding, post-glacial mountain belt; the Southern Sierra Nevada, USA, eroding at moderate rates; and the slowly-eroding tropical Highlands of Sri Lanka. The backbone of this analysis is an extensive data set of rock, saprolite, soil, water, and plant geochemical and isotopic data. This set of material properties is converted into process rates by using regolith production and weathering rates from cosmogenic nuclides and river loads, and estimates of biomass growth. Combined, these metrics allow us to derive elemental fluxes through regolith and vegetation. The main findings are: 1) the rates of weathering are set locally in regolith, and not by the rate at which entire landscapes erode; 2) the degree of weathering is mainly controlled by regolith residence time. This results in supply-limited weathering in Sri Lanka where weathering runs to completion in the regolith, and kinetically-limited weathering in the Alps and Sierra Nevada where soluble primary minerals persist; 3) these weathering characteristics are reflected in the sites9 ecosystem processes, namely in that nutritive elements are intensely recycled in the supply-limited setting, and directly taken up from soil and rock in the kinetically settings; 4) the weathering rates are not controlled by biomass growth; 5) at all sites we find a deficit in river solute export when compared to solute production in regolith, the extent of which differs between elements. Plant uptake followed by litter export might explain this deficit for biologically utilized elements of high solubility, and rare, high-discharge flushing events for colloidal-bound elements of low solubility. Our data and new metrics have begun to serve for calibrating metal isotope systems in the weathering zone, the isotope ratios of which depend on the flux partitioning between the compartments of the Critical Zone. We demonstrate this application in several isotope geochemical companion papers.

A sustainable use of soil resources is urgently required to cope with the increasing demand for agricultural products during climate change. To inspire farmers on new soil cultivation methods like subsoil management requires not only yield measurements but also nutrient use efficiency measurements for which analytical tools are still missing. Stable isotopes of the macronutrient magnesium (Mg) are a potential novel subsoil management evaluation tool in agronomy and soil/plant sciences because its isotope ratios shift considerably during Mg uptake by crops. The feasibility of Mg stable isotopes was first demonstrated conceptually by simulating subsoil management on soils with low, middle, and high inventories of bioavailable Mg and crop plants typically cultivated in Germany. This simulation showed that the magnitude of Mg isotope shifts among crops and the exchangeable fraction of Mg in soil is resolvable from the long-term external precision of Mg isotope analyses only if three conditions are met. First, the crop uptake-related Mg isotope fractionation factor should be at the upper end of hitherto published fractionation factors. Second, a high Mg uptake flux of crop plants (e.g., sugar beets) is matched by a low Mg supply from the exchangeable fraction in soil (e.g., sandy soils). Third, subsoil management causes a considerable deepening of the rooting system (e.g., flipping the topsoil root cluster below 30 cm depth). If these conditions are met, Mg stable isotopes can be used in a qualitative manner to identify the main Mg uptake depth, and in a quantitative manner by calculating the Mg use efficiency, defined here as the ratio of Mg uptake versus Mg supply, solely from Mg isotope ratios. This concept was tested for Alfisols on field trials by conducting deep loosening with and without the incorporation of compost. Magnesium isotope shifts in crops and the exchangeable fraction of Mg in soil were mostly unresolvable from the long-term external precision of Mg isotope analyses, which positively tested the Mg isotope concept for well nurtured soils. However, systematic Mg isotope shifts among bulk crops cultivated on and beside a melioration strip were found and attributed to the uplift of isotopically distinct compost-derived Mg on the melioration strip and root restricting layers beside the melioration strip. Given that the Mg isotope composition of the exchangeable fraction barely varies with depth, field-based crop uptake-related ‘apparent’ Mg isotope fractionation factors of winter wheat and spring barley could be determined, which differed from one another (D26Mgwheat-rem.exch. = 0.63 ± 0.05‰, D26Mgbarley-rem.exch. = 0.37 ± 0.12‰). Nonetheless, the quantitative approach of Mg isotopes was violated when calcareous fertilizer was applied to the field as differences in the isotope-derived Mg use efficiency could be attributed to the uneven distribution of lime-derived Mg with depth. Using Mg stable isotopes as a new geochemical routine for agronomy and soil/plant sciences requires future work focussing on isotope fractionation factors related to crop uptake and intra-plant translocation of Mg – which may depend on species, environmental conditions, and nutrient status – to allow minimally invasive sampling of the soil-plant system and to reduce sample sets.

The developments in optical metrology and computer vision require more and more advanced camera models. Their geometric calibration is of essential importance. Usually, low-dimensional models are used, which however often have insufficient accuracy for the respective applications. A more sophisticated approach uses the generalized camera model. Here, each pixel is described individually by its geometric ray properties. Our efforts in this article strive to improve this model. Hence, we propose a new approach for calibration. Moreover, we show how the immense number of parameters can be efficiently calculated and how the measurement uncertainties of reference features can be effectively utilized. We demonstrate the benefits of our method through an extensive evaluation of different cameras, namely a standard webcam and a microlens-based light field camera.

Anspruchsvolle und hochspezialisierte optische Messgerate werden fur die hochprazise Fertigung und Umfelderkennung immer wichtiger. Insbesondere Lichtfeldkameras erfahren ein immer groseres Interesse in Forschung und Industrie, da sie eine Vielzahl von neuen Messmethoden ermoglichen. Leider ist ihre Kalibrierung aufgrund ihres komplexen Aufbaus sehr schwierig und meist genau auf den jeweiligen Lichtfeldkamera-Typ zugeschnitten. Um diese Schwierigkeiten zu uberwinden, stellen wir eine Methode vor, die ein Lichtfeld aus den Rohdaten eines beliebigen Lichtfeldaufnahmesystem decodiert, ohne die internen optischen Elemente zu kennen und zu modellieren. Wir kalibrieren die Kamera mit einer prazisen generischen Kalibrierungsmethode und transformieren das erhaltene Strahlenset in eine aquivalente Lichtfelddarstellung. Schlieslich rekonstruieren wir ein rektifiziertes Lichtfeld aus den unregelmasig abgetasteten Daten und leiten daruber hinaus die geometrischen Eigenschaften der Strahlen als intrinsische Kameraparameter ab. Experimentelle Ergebnisse validieren die Methode, indem sie zeigen, dass sowohl die Informationen der beobachteten Szene als auch die geometrische Struktur des Lichtfeldes durch eine adaquate Rektifizierung und Kalibrierung erhalten bleiben.

Primary productivity of forest ecosystems depends on the availability of plant‐essential mineral nutrients. Because nutrient demand of trees often exceeds nutrient supply from rock, tree nutrition is sustained by efficient reutilization of organic‐bound nutrients. These nutrients are continuously returned from trees to the forest floor in litterfall. However, over millennia nutrient limitation may develop in landscapes from which nutrients are permanently lost by drainage and erosion. Such a deficit is prevented if advection of unweathered bedrock toward the surface as driven by erosion continuously supplies fresh nutrients. Yet the mechanisms and the depth range over which this deep nutrient resource is accessed are poorly known. We show that in two montane temperate forest ecosystems in the Black Forest and Bavarian Forest the geogenic source of nutrients was found within a depth zone of several meters. This deep zone contains a large pool of biologically available nutrients. We applied isotope ratios as proxies for nutrient uptake depth, and we tracked the regolith depth at which the isotope ratios of 87Sr/86Sr and 10Be(meteoric)/9Be match the respective values in plant tissue. We mapped the depth distribution of the biologically available calcium‐bound form of the most plant‐essential mineral nutrient phosphorus and found that the depth of phosphorus availability is as deep or even deeper as the range defined by the isotope ratios. We conclude that nutrient supply from a regolith depth of several meters is critical for forest ecosystem function in landscapes of moderate hillslopes and rainfall that are affected by permanent nutrient loss., Key Points: Combined 87Sr(radiogenic)/86Sr and 10Be(cosmogenic)/9Be isotope ratios were applied as proxies for mineral nutrient uptake depth. These systems suggest mineral nutrient uptake by Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica of 2 to >10 m depth. Potentially biologically available calcium phosphate is not available at a depth shallower than 3 m. Loss of mineral nutrients from the nutrient‐rich forest floor is balanced by mineral nutrient uptake from the deep saprolite., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Biogeochemical changes of whole catchments may, at least in part, be deduced from changes in stream water composition. We hypothesized that there are seasonal variations of natural nanoparticles (NNP; 1–100 nm) and fine colloids (

Die Psychiatrie ist ein Ort der Refamiliarisierung, wo Sozialisationsaufgaben der Familie an einen institutionellen Rahmen delegiert werden. Es gilt, die psychiatrisierten Subjekte in ein Netz aus Verbindlichkeiten und Pflichten einzuhegen. In den Ergebnissen meiner ethnografischen Studie wird nahegelegt, dass dieses Ziel sich über eine szenische Reinszenierung von Familialität zu realisieren versucht. Der von Klient_innen wie Mitarbeiter_innen geteilte Alltag – unter anderem die Teilnahme am Unterleben der Institution, die Summe kleinerer Regelübertretungen sowie ein spezifischer Arbeitsbegriff – stellt eine Nähe her, die es erlaubt, beschädigte Familialität neu zu verhandeln. Gleichzeitig wird diese Nähe als störend erlebt, als Einbruch in die Logik der Institution. Diese widersprüchlichen Anforderungen werden offenbar von der Institution selbst gestellt, was ich im Folgenden nachvollziehbar machen möchte.

In the emerging field of computational imaging, rapid prototyping of new camera concepts becomes increasingly difficult since the signal processing is intertwined with the physical design of a camera. As novel computational cameras capture information other than the traditional two-dimensional information, ground truth data, which can be used to thoroughly benchmark a new system design, is also hard to acquire. We propose to bridge this gap by using simulation. In this article, we present a raytracing framework tailored for the design and evaluation of computational imaging systems. We show that, depending on the application, the image formation on a sensor and phenomena like image noise have to be simulated accurately in order to achieve meaningful results while other aspects, such as photorealistic scene modeling, can be omitted. Therefore, we focus on accurately simulating the mandatory components of computational cameras, namely apertures, lenses, spectral filters and sensors. Besides the simulation of the imaging process, the framework is capable of generating various ground truth data, which can be used to evaluate and optimize the performance of a particular imaging system. Due to its modularity, it is easy to further extend the framework to the needs of other fields of application. We make the source code of our simulation framework publicly available and encourage other researchers to use it to design and evaluate their own camera designs.1

Understanding and quantification of phosphorus (P) fluxes are key requirements for predictions of future forest ecosystems changes as well as for transferring lessons learned from natural ecosystems to croplands and plantations. This review summarizes and evaluates the recent knowledge on mechanisms, magnitude, and relevance by which dissolved and colloidal inorganic and organic P forms can be translocated within or exported from forest ecosystems. Attention is paid to hydrological pathways of P losses at the soil profile and landscape scales, and the subsequent influence of P on aquatic ecosystems. New (unpublished) data from the German Priority Program 1685 ‘‘Ecosystem Nutrition: Forest Strategies for limited Phosphorus Resources’’ were added to provide up-to-date flux-based information. Nitrogen (N) additions increase the release of water-transportable P forms. Most P found in percolates and pore waters belongs to the so-called dissolved organic P (DOP) fractions, rich in orthophosphate- monoesters and also containing some orthophosphate-diesters. Total solution P concentrations range from ca. 1 to 400 mg P L–1, with large variations among forest stands. Recent sophisticated analyses revealed that large portions of the DOP in forest stream water can comprise natural nanoparticles and fine colloids which under extreme conditions may account for 40–100% of the P losses. Their translocation within preferential flow passes may be rapid, mediated by storm events. The potential total P loss through leaching into subsoils and with streamswas found to be less than 50mgPm–2 a–1, suggesting effects on ecosystems at centennial to millennium scale. All current data are based on selected snapshots only. Quantitative measurements of P fluxes in temperate forest systems are nearly absent in the literature, probably due to main research focus on the C and N cycles. Therefore, we lack complete ecosystem-based assessments of dissolved and colloidalP fluxeswithin and fromtemperate forest systems. peerReviewed

Forest ecosystem nutrition and rock weathering are intimately linked through the supply of mineral nutrients and recycling (re-utilisation of nutrients released from plant litter during mineralisation). Here, we report on novel applications of Mg stable isotopes in combination with mass balance calculations to quantify nutrient supply (from bedrock, atmospheric wet and dry deposition) and recycling in a tropical ecosystem, characterised by a supply-limited weathering regime in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka. We measured Mg stable isotopes, radiogenic Sr isotope ratios, and element concentrations in the different compartments of the Earth's Critical Zone (bedrock, saprolite, soil, soil pore water, stream water and vegetation) as tracers for element mass fluxes and pathways. We find that in the clay-rich saprolite Mg isotopes are fractionated towards isotopically heavy Mg during secondary mineral formation. Soil pore water and stream water are the complementary isotopically light reservoirs. The Mg isotope composition of above-ground vegetation is on average identical to soil pore water. Based on these observations we suggest that a tight near-surface mineral nutrient loop between plants and soil sustains the tropical forest ecosystem. This loop is disconnected from the rock weathering nutrient source in the saprolite beneath soil. External atmospheric wet and dry inputs (mainly Mg and Ca) strongly contribute to the plant-available nutrient budget that the nutrient depleted regolith does not supply. These findings, based on Mg stable isotopes, agree with independently-obtained information on bio-element (P, K, Ca, Mg, Si) recycling. This nutrient supply setting contrasts with that reported for the Southern Sierra Nevada (USA), where a kinetically limited weathering regime prevails. Our study illustrates the application of new flux estimators based on elemental and metal stable isotope measurements across a range of climate and weathering regimes.

Raume pragen sinnlich vermittelt die unbewussten Lebens- und Handlungsentwurfe der in ihnen Lebenden. Um den Machtanspruch von unterhalb der sprachlichen Ebene organisierten Symbolen zu entziffern, ist zunachst die Entschlusselung ihres Bedeutungsgehalts fur das subjektive Erleben und Handeln erforderlich. Mit Hilfe der Tiefenhermeneutik geht Tom David Uhlig den latenten architektonischen Sinngehalten eines Neubaus der Goethe Universitat Frankfurt nach. Die Umdeutung der Raume, in welchen die morderischen Buna-Werke nahe der polnischen Stadt Monowitz (genannt Auschwitz III) geplant wurden, zum »schonsten Campus Europas«, korreliert mit dem architektonischen Problem, dass die Neubauten auf dem Gelande die architektonische Formsprache des Hauptgebaudes bruchlos ubernehmen. Die tiefenhermeneutische Gruppeninterpretation offenbart, dass sich der monumentale Selbstanspruch des Gebaudes, das einst den Anspruchen nationalsozialistischer »Grosartigkeit« entsprach, in einer modernen Architektur reproduziert, die durch die Reinszenierung von Macht und Grose auf Studierende einschuchternd wirkt. Der Umstand, dass man sich in der Gruppe uber das architektonisch vermittelte Streben nach Grose lustig machte, es karikierte und scharf kritisierte, machte auf den uberhohten Selbstanspruch aufmerksam: Das Gebaude wird nach den gleichen Kriterien beurteilt, die es an sich selbst anzulegen scheint.

Plants and soil microbiota play an active role in rock weathering and potentially couple weathering at depth with erosion at the soil surface. The nature of this coupling is still unresolved because we lacked means to quantify the passage of chemical elements from rock through higher plants. In a temperate forested landscape characterised by relatively fast (∼ 220 t km−2 yr−1) denudation and a kinetically limited weathering regime of the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (SSCZO), California, we measured magnesium (Mg) stable isotopes that are sensitive indicators of Mg utilisation by biota. We find that Mg is highly bio-utilised: 50–100 % of the Mg released by chemical weathering is taken up by forest trees. To estimate the tree uptake of other bio-utilised elements (K, Ca, P and Si) we compared the dissolved fluxes of these elements and Mg in rivers with their solubilisation fluxes from rock (rock dissolution flux minus secondary mineral formation flux). We find a deficit in the dissolved fluxes throughout, which we attribute to the nutrient uptake by forest trees. Therefore both the Mg isotopes and the flux comparison suggest that a substantial part of the major element weathering flux is consumed by the tree biomass. The enrichment of 26Mg over 24Mg in tree trunks relative to leaves suggests that tree trunks account for a substantial fraction of the net uptake of Mg. This isotopic and elemental compartment separation is prevented from obliteration (which would occur by Mg redissolution) by two potential effects. Either the mineral nutrients accumulate today in regrowing forest biomass after clear cutting, or they are exported in litter and coarse woody debris (CWD) such that they remain in solid biomass. Over pre-forest-management weathering timescales, this removal flux might have been in operation in the form of natural erosion of CWD. Regardless of the removal mechanism, our approach provides entirely novel means towards the direct quantification of biogenic uptake following weathering. We find that Mg and other nutrients and the plant-beneficial element Si (bio-elements) are taken up by trees at up to 6 m depth, and surface recycling of all bio-elements but P is minimal. Thus, in the watersheds of the SSCZO, the coupling between erosion and weathering might be established by bio-elements that are taken up by trees, are not recycled and are missing in the dissolved river flux due to erosion as CWD and as leaf-derived bio-opal for Si. We suggest that the partitioning of a biogenic weathering flux into eroded plant debris might represent a significant global contribution to element export after weathering in eroding mountain catchments that are characterised by a continuous supply of fresh mineral nutrients.

Ausgehend von der Diagnose einer fortschreitenden Psychologisierung der Gesellschaft werden zunachst der Erfolg der Psychologie als akademische Disziplin und deren sozio-politische Verstrickungen kritisch reflektiert. Theorie- und Forschungsansatze, die diese Verstrickungen bereits in der zweiten Halfte des 20. Jahrhunderts zum Gegenstand der Kritik gemacht hatten und nach Moglichkeiten einer nicht technisch-instrumentellen, sondern emanzipatorisch-kritischen Psychologie gefragt hatten, seien inzwischen wieder aus dem akademischen Betrieb verschwunden. Die Autor*innen pladieren fur eine Wiederaneignung und Weiterentwicklung dieser kritischen Psychologien. Die Einleitung endet mit einer Vorstellung der Beitrage dieses Sammelbandes.

Den Abschluss des Sammelbandes bildet eine transkribierte und leicht editierte Podiumsdiskussion zwischen Morus Markard, Gunter Mey, Julia Scholz und Stefan Thomas. Gegenstand der Diskussion ist zum einen der gegenwartige Stand qualitativer Methoden in der psychologischen Lehre und Forschung an deutschen Hochschulen und zum anderen das Verhaltnis von qualitativer Forschung und kritischen Psychologien.