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1. Escitalopram Restores Reversal Learning Impairments in Rats with Lesions of Orbital Frontal Cortex

Author: Ellen E. Bowman, Connie Sanchez, David S. Tait, Silke Miller, Verity J. Brown, and Mary Dovlatyan
Subjects: Cognitive model, 0303 health sciences, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Cognitive flexibility, Information processing, Flexibility (personality), Cognition, Serotonergic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Escitalopram, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, medicine.drug
Abstract: The term ‘cognitive structures’ is used to describe the fact that mental models underlie thinking, reasoning and representing. Cognitive structures generally improve the efficiency of information processing by providing a situational framework within which there are parameters governing the nature and timing of information and appropriate responses can be anticipated. Unanticipated events that violate the parameters of the cognitive structure require the cognitive model to be updated, but this comes at an efficiency cost. In reversal learning a response that had been reinforced is no longer reinforced, while an alternative is now reinforced, having previously not been (A+/B− becomes A−/B+). Unanticipated changes of contingencies require that cognitive structures are updated. In this study, we examined the effect of lesions of the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and the effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), escitalopram, on discrimination and reversal learning. Escitalopram was without effect in intact rats. Rats with OFC lesions had selective impairment of reversal learning, which was ameliorated by escitalopram. We conclude that reversal learning in OFC-lesioned rats is an easily administered and sensitive test that can detect effects of serotonergic modulation on cognitive structures that are involved in behavioural flexibility.
Published: 2021
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2. Subproblem learning and reversal of a multidimensional visual cue in a lizard: evidence for behavioural flexibility?

Author: David S. Tait, Richard W. Byrne, Martin J. Whiting, Birgit Szabo, Daniel W. A. Noble, and University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Skink, Visual perception, BF Psychology, QH301 Biology, Egernia striolata, NDAS, BF, Reptile, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, QH301, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, biology.animal, Discrimination learning, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Lizard, Food availability, Cognitive flexibility, biology.organism_classification, Set shifting, 570 Life sciences, 590 Animals (Zoology), ID/ED task, Animal Science and Zoology, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: This project was funded by an ARC Discovery grant (DP130102998) to Martin Whiting and Richard Byrne and by Macquarie University. Behavioural flexibility, the ability to adjust behaviour to environmental change by adapting existing skills to novel situations, is key to coping with, for example, complex social interactions, seasonal changes in food availability or detecting predators. We tested the tree skink, Egernia striolata, a family-living skink from eastern Australia, in a set-shifting paradigm of eight colour/shape discriminations including reversals, an intradimensional acquisition of a new colour/shape and extradimensional shift from colour to shape (and vice versa). Skinks could learn to discriminate between colour/shape pairs and reverse this initial stimulus–reward association; however, they showed no significant decrease in the probability of making a correct choice in the extradimensional shift suggesting that they did not form an attentional set. Subjects appear to have learnt each stage as a new problem instead of generalizing stimuli into specific dimensions (set formation). In conclusion, tree skinks solved a discrimination reversal by focusing their attention towards visual stimuli and flexibly adjusting their choice behaviour accordingly. These lizards learned to use multidimensional visual stimuli to find a food reward but did not generalize stimuli into dimensions. Furthermore, this study is the first to test for set shifting in a lizard species and thereby allows us to extend set-shifting theory to a new taxon for comparison with primates, rodents, a bird and a turtle. Postprint
Published: 2018
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3. Oral dosing of rodents using a palatable tablet

Author: Christoffer Bundgaard, David S. Tait, Shuang Xia, Sandeep S. Dhawan, Verity J. Brown, Ellen E. Bowman, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, and University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
Subjects: Male, Locomotor activity, 0301 basic medicine, BF Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Intraperitoneal injection, NDAS, Administration, Oral, BF, Rodentia, Modafinil, R Medicine (General), Pharmacology, 03 medical and health sciences, Route of administration, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Pharmacokinetics, Oral administration, Animals, Medicine, Oral Administration, Original Investigation, media_common, Gastrointestinal tract, business.industry, Appetite, R1, Rats, Bioavailability, 030104 developmental biology, Taste, Gelatin, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Female, business, Locomotion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tablets, medicine.drug
Abstract: Rationale: Delivering orally bioavailable drugs to rodents is an important component to investigating that route of administration in novel treatments for humans. However, the traditional method of oral gavage requires training, is stressful, and can induce oesophageal damage in rodents. Objectives: To demonstrate a novel administrative technique – palatable gelatine tablets – as a stress-free route of oral delivery. Methods: 24 male Lister hooded rats were sacrificed for brain tissue analysis at varying time-points after jelly administration of 30 mg/kg of the wake-promoting drug modafinil. A second group of 22 female rats were tested on locomotor activity after 30 mg/kg modafinil, or after vehicle jellies, with the locomotor data compared to the brain tissue concentrations at the corresponding times. Results: Modafinil was present in the brain tissue at all time-points, reducing in concentration over time. The pattern of brain tissue modafinil concentration is comparable to previously reported results following oral gavage. Modafinil-treated rats were more active than control rats, with greater activity during the later time-periods – similar to that previously reported following intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg modafinil. Conclusions: Palatable jelly tablets are an effective route of administration of thermally-stable orally-bioavailable compounds, eliminating the stress/discomfort and health risk of oral gavage and presenting as an alternative to previously reported palatable routes of administration where high protein and fat levels may adversely affect appetite for food reward, and uptake rate in the gastrointestinal tract. Publisher PDF
Published: 2018
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4. Precocial juvenile lizards show adult level learning and behavioural flexibility

Author: Daniel W. A. Noble, Richard W. Byrne, Martin J. Whiting, Birgit Szabo, David S. Tait, and University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, BF Psychology, QH301 Biology, NDAS, Zoology, BF, Biology, Stimulus (physiology), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Altricial–precocial, QH301, Cognition, biology.animal, Juvenile, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Lizard, 05 social sciences, Tiliqua scincoides, ID/ED attentional set shifting, Age difference, Squamates, Altricial, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), Animal Science and Zoology, Precocial, Paternal care
Abstract: This project was funded by an ARC Discovery grant (DP130102998) to M.J.W. and R.W.B. and by Macquarie University. In altricial species, young rely on parental care and brain maturation mainly occurs after birth. In precocial species, young are born at a more advanced developmental stage in need of less or no parental care and brain development is mostly completed at the time of birth. We therefore predicted early maturation of learning ability in precocial species. We used a series of visual discrimination and reversal stages to investigate the ability of the precocial eastern blue-tongue lizard, Tiliqua scincoides scincoides, a long-lived Australian lizard species with slow-developing young, to respond to changes in stimulus relevance and test for behavioural flexibility. To test whether age affects learning in this species, we compared juveniles (23–56 days) with adults (sexually mature, at least 2 years). In accordance with our expectations, adults and juveniles performed similarly well in all stages, suggesting that juveniles of this precocial species learn at adult levels from an early age. Both age classes performed well during reversals showing good behavioural flexibility. This is the first study in lizards to directly compare juvenile and adult behavioural flexibility. Importantly, we demonstrate that precocial lizards can begin life with an advanced cognitive ability already in place.In altricial species, young rely on parental care and brain maturation mainly occurs after birth. In precocial species, young are born at a more advanced developmental stage in need of less or no parental care and brain development is mostly completed at the time of birth. We therefore predicted early maturation of learning ability in precocial species. We used a series of visual discrimination and reversal stages to investigate the ability of the precocial eastern blue-tongue lizard, Tiliqua scincoides scincoides, a long-lived Australian lizard species with slow-developing young, to respond to changes in stimulus relevance and test for behavioural flexibility. To test whether age affects learning in this species, we compared juveniles (23–56 days) with adults (sexually mature, at least 2 years). In accordance with our expectations, adults and juveniles performed similarly well in all stages, suggesting that juveniles of this precocial species learn at adult levels from an early age. Both age classes performed well during reversals showing good behavioural flexibility. This is the first study in lizards to directly compare juvenile and adult behavioural flexibility. Importantly, we demonstrate that precocial lizards can begin life with an advanced cognitive ability already in place.In altricial species, young rely on parental care and brain maturation mainly occurs after birth. In precocial species, young are born at a more advanced developmental stage in need of less or no parental care and brain development is mostly completed at the time of birth. We therefore predicted early maturation of learning ability in precocial species. We used a series of visual discrimination and reversal stages to investigate the ability of the precocial eastern blue-tongue lizard, Tiliqua scincoides scincoides, a long-lived Australian lizard species with slow-developing young, to respond to changes in stimulus relevance and test for behavioural flexibility. To test whether age affects learning in this species, we compared juveniles (23–56 days) with adults (sexually mature, at least 2 years). In accordance with our expectations, adults and juveniles performed similarly well in all stages, suggesting that juveniles of this precocial species learn at adult levels from an early age. Both age classes performed well during reversals showing good behavioural flexibility. This is the first study in lizards to directly compare juvenile and adult behavioural flexibility. Importantly, we demonstrate that precocial lizards can begin life with an advanced cognitive ability already in place.In altricial species, young rely on parental care and brain maturation mainly occurs after birth. In precocial species, young are born at a more advanced developmental stage in need of less or no parental care and brain development is mostly completed at the time of birth. We therefore predicted early maturation of learning ability in precocial species. We used a series of visual discrimination and reversal stages to investigate the ability of the precocial eastern blue-tongue lizard, Tiliqua scincoides scincoides, a long-lived Australian lizard species with slow-developing young, to respond to changes in stimulus relevance and test for behavioural flexibility. To test whether age affects learning in this species, we compared juveniles (23–56 days) with adults (sexually mature, at least 2 years). In accordance with our expectations, adults and juveniles performed similarly well in all stages, suggesting that juveniles of this precocial species learn at adult levels from an early age. Both age classes performed well during reversals showing good behavioural flexibility. This is the first study in lizards to directly compare juvenile and adult behavioural flexibility. Importantly, we demonstrate that precocial lizards can begin life with an advanced cognitive ability already in place. Postprint
Published: 2019

5. More rapid reversal learning following overtraining in the rat is evidence that behavioural and cognitive flexibility are dissociable

Author: Verity J. Brown, David S. Tait, Sandeep S. Dhawan, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, and University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
Subjects: Task switching, BF Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Overtraining, education, NDAS, Prefrontal Cortex, BF, Reversal Learning, Discrimination Learning, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Reward, Perception, medicine, Animals, Attention, Discrimination learning, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Behavior, Animal, Mechanism (biology), Cognitive flexibility, Flexibility (personality), Rats, Inbred Strains, medicine.disease, ASST, Rats, Schizophrenia, RC0321, Female, Cues, Psychology, RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: The research was undertaken by SSD, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a PhD degree under the joint supervision of VJB and DST and supported by The University of St Andrews (QR Block Grant). Cognitive flexibility is a term used to describe the brain processes underlying the phenomenon of adaptive change in behaviour in response to changed contingencies in the internal or external environment. Cognitive flexibility is often assessed in complex tasks measuring perceptual attentional shifting or response or task switching, but, arguably, reversal learning is a simple assay of cognitive flexibility. Reversal learning requires the detection of a changed outcome, the cessation of a previously-rewarded response and the selection of an alternative, previously-unrewarded, response. This study addressed the issue of the relationship between reversal learning and cognitive flexibility. In a single testing session, rats completed a series of 2-alternative forced-choice discriminations between digging bowls. The bowls differed according to both the medium within the bowl and the odor of the bowl. Having learned which cue (one of the odors or one of the digging media) indicated the food-baited bowl, half the rats were given additional trials of “over-training”. To test reversal learning, the meaning of the cues predictive of reward/non-reward was then switched. There was a robust effect of over-training, with over-trained rats performing reversal learning in fewer trials than rats trained to criterion only. The pattern of errors supported the hypothesis that more rapid reversing results from the formation of an attentional set. This is the same attentional mechanism that results in less rapid shifting or switching. We conclude that the behavioural flexibility demonstrated in reversal learning does not provide a scale on which cognitive flexibility can be measured. Postprint
Published: 2019

6. Exacerbation of the credit assignment problem in rats with lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex is revealed by Bayesian analysis of behavior in the pre-solution period of learning

Author: David S. Tait, Eric M. Bowman, Verity J. Brown, Jiachao Wang, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, and University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
Subjects: Male, Bayes, BF Psychology, education, BF, Prefrontal Cortex, Reversal Learning, Stimulus (physiology), Prefrontal cortex, Choice Behavior, Discrimination Learning, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Reward, Executive function, Learning, Animals, Attention, Discrimination learning, R2C, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Behavior, Animal, Two-alternative forced choice, Shifting attention, Cognitive flexibility, DAS, Bayes Theorem, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rats, Set-shifting, RC0321, Exploratory Behavior, Required Response, Psychology, BDC, RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Funding: JW received a PhD scholarship from the University of St Andrews. Our internal models of the world help us to process information rapidly: in general model-based learning is more rapid than model-free learning. However, the cognitive flexibility required to overcome cognitive predispositions can let us down: it is not fully developed until adulthood; predispositions can be unconscious biases; and cognitive flexibility is impaired in many psychiatric and neurological conditions. To understand these limits to flexibility, we need to know how brain generates predispositions and deploys flexibility. We performed a detailed analysis of the exploratory behavior of rats in the pre-solution period of a two-alternative forced choice discrimination learning task. Rats readily learn in which of two bowls, filled with differentially scented and textured digging materials, there is hidden bait. In a single session, they are presented with a series of discrimination learning and reversal stages. We performed a simple Bayesian analysis on the data from 68 rats, 33 of which had lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex), to examine patterns of responding in the pre-solution period. Control rats rapidly focussed on the relevant stimulus attributes and showed flexibility when required to learn about a different stimulus attribute. Rats with prefrontal cortex damage had reduced sensitivity to negative feedback. They were able to overcome this deficit and solve the credit assignment problem when there were limited alternatives or when attention was appropriately focused and predispositions matched the required response. However, the learning impairment presents as a problem with shifting attention due to the additional difficulty of solving the credit assignment problem when the attentional set is inconsistent with the required response. Postprint
Published: 2019

7. Assessment of intradimensional/extradimensional attentional set-shifting in rats

Author: David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Eric M. Bowman, and Lorenz S. Neuwirth
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Behavior, Animal, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive flexibility, Reproducibility of Results, Cognition, Reversal Learning, Stimulus (physiology), Attentional set, Rats, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Models, Animal, Task Performance and Analysis, Animals, Humans, Attention, Suspect, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: The rat intradimensional/extradimensional (ID/ED) task, first described by Birrell and Brown 18 years ago, has become the predominant means by which attentional set-shifting is investigated in rodents: the use of rats in the task has been described in over 135 publications by researchers from nearly 90 universities and pharmaceutical companies. There is variation in the protocols used by different groups, including differences in apparatus, stimuli (both stimulus dimensions and exemplars within), and also the methodology. Nevertheless, most of these variations seem to be of little consequence: there is remarkable similarity in the profile of published data, with consistency of learning rates and in the size and reliability of the set-shifting and reversal 'costs'. However, we suspect that there may be inconsistent data that is unpublished or perhaps 'failed experiments' that may have been caused by unintended deviations from effective protocols. The purpose of this review is to describe our approach and the rationale behind certain aspects of the protocol, including common pitfalls that are encountered when establishing an effective local protocol.
Published: 2017

8. Effects of lesions of the subthalamic nucleus/zona incerta area and dorsomedial striatum on attentional set-shifting in the rat

Author: David S, Tait, Janice M, Phillips, Andrew D, Blackwell, Verity J, Brown, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, and University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences
Subjects: Male, Parkinson's disease, Dopamine, Neuropsychological Tests, Discrimination Learning, Subthalmic nucleus, PFC, prefrontal cortex, Zona Incerta, Attention, ANOVA, analysis of variance, subthalamic nucleus, attentional set-shifting, 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine, NDMA, N-methyl-d-aspartate, ID, intradimensional, DS, dorsal striatum, i.p., intraperitoneal, SD, simple discrimination, basal ganglia, CD, compound discrimination, Basal ganglia, dopamine, RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, 5CSRTT, five-choice serial reaction time task, BG, basal ganglia, ZI, zona incerta, Neuroscience(all), education, NDAS, Reversal Learning, DLS, dorsolateral striatum, REV, reversal, SEM, standard error of the mean, Article, WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, DMS, dorsomedial striatum, Attentional set-shifting, Animals, Oxidopamine, Ibotenic Acid, PD, Parkinson’s disease, mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex, Corpus Striatum, Rats, ED, extradimensional, RC0321, Parkinson’s disease, DA, dopamine, DBS, deep brain stimulation, STN, subthalamic nucleus
Abstract: Highlights • Reversal learning impaired after dorsomedial striatal dopamine depletion. • No evidence of set-formation after excitotoxic subthalamic nucleus lesions. • No impairments observed after both lesions together., Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) show cognitive impairments, including difficulty in shifting attention between perceptual dimensions of complex stimuli. Inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been shown to be effective in ameliorating the motor abnormalities associated with striatal dopamine (DA) depletion, but it is possible that STN inactivation might result in additional, perhaps attentional, deficits. This study examined the effects of: DA depletion from the dorsomedial striatum (DMS); lesions of the STN area; and the effects of the two lesions together, on the ability to shift attentional set in the rat. In a single session, rats performed the intradimensional/extradimensional (ID/ED) test of attentional set-shifting. This comprises a series of seven, two-choice discriminations, including acquisitions of novel discriminations in which the relevant stimulus is either in the currently attended dimension (ID) or the currently unattended dimension (ED shift) and reversals (REVs) following each acquisition stage. Bilateral lesions were made by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the DMS, resulting in a selective impairment in reversal learning. Large bilateral ibotenic acid lesions centered on the STN resulted in an increase in trials to criterion in the initial stages, but learning rate improved within the session. There was no evidence of a ‘cost’ of set-shifting – the ED stage was completed in fewer trials than the ID stage – and neither was there a cost of reversal learning. Strikingly, combined lesions of both regions did not resemble the effects of either lesion alone and resulted in no apparent deficits.
Published: 2016
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9. Lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex impair the formation of attentional set in rats

Author: David S. Tait, E. Alexander Chase, and Verity J. Brown
Subjects: General Neuroscience, Flexibility (personality), Cognition, Prefrontal cortex, Psychology, Set (psychology), Orbital prefrontal cortex, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology, Task (project management), Attentional set
Abstract: In rats, reversal learning impairments are commonly reported after lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex (OFC), in contrast to the effect of lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex, which impair attentional set-shifting. Comparable dissociations have also been reported in humans, monkeys and mice. However, these two manifestations of behavioural flexibility may share common cognitive processes. The present study tested the hypothesis that lesions of the OFC (an area that integrates expected and actual outcomes to signal which cues in the environment predict reward) would impair the formation of attentional set as well as impairing reversal learning. We compared the performance of lesioned and control rats on two set-shifting tasks. The first task we used, 'the 4ID task', had no reversal stages, but multiple intradimensional acquisitions before the extradimensional shift stage, to assess set-formation as well as set-shifting. The second task was the standard intradimensional/extradimensional '7-stage task', which includes reversal learning stages after each compound acquisition. Compared with controls, lesioned rats were slower to form attentional set on the 4ID task. When they did form a set, they required more trials to complete the extradimensional shift stage. On the 7-stage task, we replicated our previous finding of impaired reversal learning and reduced shift-costs. We interpret these findings as reflecting a single deficit in identifying relevant cues after unexpected outcomes, which supports recent models of OFC function. Our findings challenge the assumption that the contribution of the OFC to behavioural flexibility is limited to reversal learning.
Published: 2012
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10. Lesions of the basal forebrain impair reversal learning but not shifting of attentional set in rats

Author: David S. Tait and Verity J. Brown
Subjects: Male, Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins, Central nervous system, Cell Count, Reversal Learning, Amygdala, Discrimination Learning, Stereotaxic Techniques, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Prosencephalon, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists, medicine, Animals, Attention, Cholinergic neuron, Ibotenic Acid, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Thalamic reticular nucleus, Basal forebrain, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Saporins, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, chemistry, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Odorants, Stereotaxic technique, Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1, Conditioning, Operant, Cholinergic, Cues, Psychology, Neuroscience, Psychomotor Performance, Ibotenic acid
Abstract: The cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain, which project to cortex, the thalamic reticular nucleus and the amygdala, are implicated in many aspects of attentional function, while the intrinsic neurons of the basal forebrain are implicated in learning and memory. This study compared the effects of lesions of the basal forebrain made with either the immunotoxin 192-IgG-saporin (which selectively destroys cholinergic neurons), or the non-selective excitotoxin, ibotenic acid (which destroys both cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons) on a task which measure the acquisition and shifting of attentional set as well as the ability to learn reversals of specific stimulus-reward pairings. Rats learned to obtain food reward by digging in small bowls containing distinctive digging media that were differentially scented with distinct odours. They performed a series of two-choice discriminations, with the bait associated with either the odour or the digging medium. Rats with 192-IgG-saporin lesions of the basal forebrain were not impaired relative to control rats at any stage of the task. Rats with ibotenic acid lesions of the basal forebrain were impaired the first time stimulus-reward contingencies were reversed. They were not impaired in acquisition of new discriminations, even when an attentional-shift was required. These data are consistent with data from marmosets and so highlight the functional similarity of monkey and rodent basal forebrain. They also confirm the likely involvement of non-cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain in reversal learning.
Published: 2008
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11. Attentional Set-Shifting Across Species

Author: Verity J, Brown and David S, Tait
Subjects: Executive Function, Species Specificity, Models, Animal, Set, Psychology, Animals, Humans, Attention, Reversal Learning, Neuropsychological Tests
Abstract: Attentional set-shifting, as a measure of executive flexibility, has been a staple of investigations into human cognition for over six decades. Mediated by the frontal cortex in mammals, the cognitive processes involved in forming, maintaining and shifting an attentional set are vulnerable to dysfunction arising from a number of human neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases) and other neurological disorders (such as schizophrenia, depression, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Our understanding of these diseases and disorders, and the cognitive impairments induced by them, continues to advance, in tandem with an increasing number of tools at our disposal. In this chapter, we review and compare commonly used attentional set-shifting tasks (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and Intradimensional/Extradimensional tasks) and their applicability across species. In addition to humans, attentional set-shifting has been observed in a number of other animals, with a substantial body of literature describing performance in monkeys and rodents. We consider the task designs used to investigate attentional set-shifting in these species and the methods used to model human diseases and disorders, and ultimately the comparisons and differences between species-specific tasks, and between performance across species.
Published: 2016

12. Attentional Set-Shifting Across Species

Author: Verity J. Brown and David S. Tait
Subjects: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Schizophrenia, medicine, Cognitive flexibility, Flexibility (personality), Cognition, medicine.disease, Prefrontal cortex, Set (psychology), Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Task (project management)
Abstract: Attentional set-shifting, as a measure of executive flexibility, has been a staple of investigations into human cognition for over six decades. Mediated by the frontal cortex in mammals, the cognitive processes involved in forming, maintaining and shifting an attentional set are vulnerable to dysfunction arising from a number of human neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases) and other neurological disorders (such as schizophrenia, depression, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Our understanding of these diseases and disorders, and the cognitive impairments induced by them, continues to advance, in tandem with an increasing number of tools at our disposal. In this chapter, we review and compare commonly used attentional set-shifting tasks (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and Intradimensional/Extradimensional tasks) and their applicability across species. In addition to humans, attentional set-shifting has been observed in a number of other animals, with a substantial body of literature describing performance in monkeys and rodents. We consider the task designs used to investigate attentional set-shifting in these species and the methods used to model human diseases and disorders, and ultimately the comparisons and differences between species-specific tasks, and between performance across species.
Published: 2015
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13. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders: Animal Models

Author: Luis de Lecea, Richard W. Foltin, Harriet de Wit, Verity J. Brown, David C. S. Roberts, Hans Rollema, Husseini K. Manji, David J. Posey, Paul B. S. Clarke, David S. Baldwin, James J. Strain, Megan M. Dahmen, Peter Paul De Deyn, Michael E. Ragozzino, Samuel G. Siris, David S. Tait, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Andrew Young, Jana Lincoln, Seiya Miyamoto, Mei-Chuan Ko, Brian E. Leonard, F. Xavier Castellanos, Linda P. Spear, Bankole A. Johnson, Martin Cammarota, Lisiane Bizarro, Shitij Kapur, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Klaus A. Miczek, Jason C. G. Halford, Andrew Holt, Paul Willner, Gregory D. Stewart, Meghan M. Grady, Tony Dickenson, Charles J. Heyser, Kim Wolff, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Heleen B. M. Boos, J. Craig Nelson, Peter A. Santi, Wiepke Cahn, Karl Mann, Shuang Yu, Samuel B. Hutton, Joseph H. Friedman, Yogita Chudasama, Jelena Nesic, Martina de Zwaan, Jill B. Becker, Amee B. Patel, Theodora Duka, Darrell D. Mousseau, Helen J. Cassaday, Charles B. Nemeroff, Patrick M. Sexton, Heather Wilkins, Yesne Alici, Ennio Esposito, Holden D. Brown, Helio Zangrossi, Emil F. Coccaro, Edoardo Spina, Elizabeth C. Warburton, Craig A. Erickson, Falk Kiefer, Michael M. Morgan, Michel Le Moal, A. Richard Green, Andrea Bari, Chase H. Bourke, Matt Field, Michael J. Owens, Christopher L. Cunningham, Joachim D. Uys, William Breitbart, Martin Sarter, Oliver Stiedl, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Hiroyuki Uchida, Tomasz Schneider, James H. Woods, Anne Jackson, Marc N. Potenza, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, Inga D. Neumann, Daniel Hoyer, Kim Fromme, Marilyn E. Carroll, R. H. De Rijk, Becky Kinkead, Daniel Bertrand, Steve Kohut, Michael J. Kuhar, Paul Newhouse, Susan Napier, Peter W. Kalivas, Iván Izquierdo, Micaela Morelli, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Mark Slifstein, E. R. de Kloet, Malcolm Lader, John Atack, Maria Isabel Colado, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Naheed Mirza, Robert L. Balster, Ronald F. Mucha, Peter J. Flor, Warren H. Meck, Debby Van Dam, Glen B. Baker, Stephen M. Stahl, Christine A. Franco, Kieran O’Malley, Sven Ove Ögren, James Winslow, Andreas Marneros, Linda Dykstra, Alfonso Abizaid, Catalin V. Buhusi, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Pedro L. Delgado, Kelly Blankenship, Sharon L. Walsh, Nicola Simola, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Nuno Sousa, Lucy C. Guillory, H. D. Postma, Lawrence H. Price, Shimon Amir, Philip J. Cowen, Alyson J. Bond, Mitul A. Mehta, Anthony L. Riley, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Jorge A. Quiroz, Raymond S. Hurst, Subhash C. Pandey, Sakire Pogun, Fiona Thomson, Francisco Aboitiz, Christoph Hiemke, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Gorkem Yararbas, Christopher J. McDougle, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Gail Winger, Barbara J. Mason, Kimberly A. Stigler, Hilde Lavreysen, Barbara J. Sahakian, Sheldon Preskorn, R. Andrew Chambers, Victoria L. Harvey, Roberto William Invernizzi, Arthur Christopoulos, Ximena Carrasco, MacDonald J. Christie, Cecilia J. Hillard, and Tayfun Uzbay
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Attention deficit, medicine, Psychiatry, business
Published: 2014
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14. Behavioral Flexibility: Attentional Shifting, Rule Switching, and Response Reversal

Author: Verity J. Brown and David S. Tait
Published: 2014
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15. Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Author: F. Xavier Castellanos, Tim C. Kirkham, Karl Mann, Wiepke Cahn, Theodora Duka, David S. Baldwin, James J. Strain, Ennio Esposito, Megan M. Dahmen, David C. S. Roberts, Falk Kiefer, Heleen B. M. Boos, Sheldon Preskorn, Andrew Young, Emil F. Coccaro, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Micaela Morelli, Helio Zangrossi, Shuang Yu, Peter A. Santi, Michael M. Morgan, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, Paul B. S. Clarke, Darrell D. Mousseau, Christine A. Franco, Kieran O’Malley, Susan Napier, Glen B. Baker, Gorkem Yararbas, Samuel G. Siris, Martin Sarter, Christopher L. Cunningham, Malcolm Lader, Daniel Hoyer, Verity J. Brown, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Raymond S. Hurst, Paul Newhouse, Kim Fromme, Jana Lincoln, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, R. H. De Rijk, Marc N. Potenza, Subhash C. Pandey, Joachim D. Uys, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Linda P. Spear, Michael E. Ragozzino, Warren H. Meck, Mei-Chuan Ko, Andrea Bari, Marilyn E. Carroll, Andrew Holt, Sakire Pogun, Edoardo Spina, Jason C. G. Halford, R. Andrew Chambers, Debby Van Dam, Michel Le Moal, Gregory D. Stewart, MacDonald J. Christie, Tony Dickenson, Tomasz Schneider, Elizabeth C. Warburton, Martina de Zwaan, Harriet de Wit, Jill B. Becker, Lawrence H. Price, Jelena Nesic, Cecilia J. Hillard, Heather Wilkins, Yesne Alici, Becky Kinkead, Charles J. Heyser, Paul Willner, Daniel Bertrand, Lisiane Bizarro, Yogita Chudasama, David J. Posey, Tayfun Uzbay, Philip J. Cowen, Alyson J. Bond, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Patrick M. Sexton, J. Craig Nelson, Helen J. Cassaday, Bankole A. Johnson, Martin Cammarota, Mitul A. Mehta, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Amee B. Patel, Chase H. Bourke, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel B. Hutton, Michael J. Owens, Christopher J. McDougle, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Charles B. Nemeroff, Oliver Stiedl, Luis de Lecea, Klaus A. Miczek, Matt Field, Inga D. Neumann, Victoria L. Harvey, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Michael J. Kuhar, John Atack, Shitij Kapur, Sven Ove Ögren, Roberto William Invernizzi, Arthur Christopoulos, Ximena Carrasco, Hiroyuki Uchida, Meghan M. Grady, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Hans Rollema, Robert L. Balster, Husseini K. Manji, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Ronald F. Mucha, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Fiona Thomson, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Peter J. Flor, Gail Winger, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Naheed Mirza, Peter W. Kalivas, Francisco Aboitiz, William Breitbart, Steve Kohut, Anne Jackson, Christoph Hiemke, Mark Slifstein, Barbara J. Mason, E. R. de Kloet, Maria Isabel Colado, Kimberly A. Stigler, Hilde Lavreysen, Barbara J. Sahakian, Richard W. Foltin, David S. Tait, H. D. Postma, Anthony L. Riley, Seiya Miyamoto, Holden D. Brown, Jorge A. Quiroz, Craig A. Erickson, Linda Dykstra, Kim Wolff, Alfonso Abizaid, James H. Woods, Catalin V. Buhusi, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Pedro L. Delgado, Nuno Sousa, Lucy C. Guillory, Iván Izquierdo, A. Richard Green, Kelly Blankenship, Sharon L. Walsh, Nicola Simola, Stephen M. Stahl, James Winslow, Andreas Marneros, and Brian E. Leonard
Subjects: Disruptive behavior, Attention deficit, Psychology, Humanities
Abstract: Francisco Aboitiz*, F. Xavier Castellanos and Ximena Carrasco Departamento de Psiquiatria, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile New York University Child Study Center, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, NY, USA Servicio de Neurologia y Psiquiatria infantil, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Published: 2014
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16. Lesions of the dorsomedial striatum impair formation of attentional set in rats

Author: Hanna S. Lindgren, Stephen B. Dunnett, Robin Wickens, Verity J. Brown, and David S. Tait
Subjects: Striatum, Lesion, Discrimination Learning, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reward, Basal ganglia, medicine, Animals, Learning, Attention, Set (psychology), Prefrontal cortex, Pharmacology, Neurons, Behavior, Animal, Learning Disabilities, fungi, Cognitive flexibility, Rats, Inbred Strains, Quinolinic Acid, Corpus Striatum, Rats, Disease Models, Animal, Frontal lobe, chemistry, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Neuroscience, Quinolinic acid
Abstract: Behavioural flexibility refers to the ability to rapidly adapt to novel situations and it has been suggested that the frontal lobe and basal ganglia are implicated in various components of adjusting to changes in environmental contingencies. Behavioural flexibility can be assessed using attentional set-shifting tasks, in which performance is impaired after damage to the prefrontal cortex. The present study explores the downstream contribution of the prefrontal projection zone in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) to attentional set shifting. Rats were tested in two set-shifting tasks following quinolinic acid injections bilaterally into the DMS. When tested in a rodent version of the set-shifting task, rats with a DMS lesion displayed a greater number of errors during the reversal stages of the task than sham lesion controls but the nature of the errors did not differ between the two groups. Interestingly, when the rats were tested in a modified version of the set-shifting task, directly designed for measuring the formation of an attentional set, sham lesion controls displayed a pronounced shift-cost, evident of successful set-formation. In contrast, rats with DMS lesions failed to form an attentional set, showing no performance cost when a shift of attention was required. These results support previous reports of the importance of the DMS in behavioural flexibility but also suggest that this region is vital for the formation of set, possibly by extrapolating different perceptions into a unified representation of a dimension.
Published: 2012

17. Tacrine improves reversal learning in older rats

Author: David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, and E. Alexander Chase
Subjects: Male, Aging, Reversal Learning, Striatum, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Animals, Attention, Cognitive decline, Neurotransmitter, Cholinesterase, Pharmacology, biology, Cognition, Rats, chemistry, Tacrine, biology.protein, Cholinergic, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Psychology, Neuroscience, Acetylcholine, medicine.drug
Abstract: Age-related decline has been reported in most cognitive domains, including executive function: in particular, attentional set-shifting and reversal learning, as measures of executive control, are impaired in aged populations of both humans and rats. Despite the importance of the cholinergic system in age-related cognitive decline, no data are available on the effects of cholinergic enhancement on age-related performance deficits in tests of attentional set-shifting. We investigated the effects of the cholinesterase inhibitor tetrahydroacridin-9-amine (tacrine) on reversal learning and attentional set-shifting in older rats (aged 16–21 months) using the rodent version of the intradimensional/extradimensional attentional set-shifting task in a repeated-measures design. Discrimination acquisition was not impaired, but age-related impairments in reversal learning were persistent between tests, and ameliorated by the 3 mg/kg dose of tacrine. No age-related impairments in set-shifting were seen, but there was a tendency for tacrine to reduce the cost of shifting set. Given the lack of previous evidence for a role of cortical acetylcholine in attentional set-shifting tasks, it is likely that altered neurotransmitter interactions in striatum underlie this improvement.
Published: 2012

18. Lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex impair the formation of attentional set in rats

Author: E Alexander, Chase, David S, Tait, and Verity J, Brown
Subjects: Male, Reward, Set, Psychology, Animals, Prefrontal Cortex, Attention, Rats, Inbred Strains, Reversal Learning, Cues, Neuropsychological Tests, Rats
Abstract: In rats, reversal learning impairments are commonly reported after lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex (OFC), in contrast to the effect of lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex, which impair attentional set-shifting. Comparable dissociations have also been reported in humans, monkeys and mice. However, these two manifestations of behavioural flexibility may share common cognitive processes. The present study tested the hypothesis that lesions of the OFC (an area that integrates expected and actual outcomes to signal which cues in the environment predict reward) would impair the formation of attentional set as well as impairing reversal learning. We compared the performance of lesioned and control rats on two set-shifting tasks. The first task we used, 'the 4ID task', had no reversal stages, but multiple intradimensional acquisitions before the extradimensional shift stage, to assess set-formation as well as set-shifting. The second task was the standard intradimensional/extradimensional '7-stage task', which includes reversal learning stages after each compound acquisition. Compared with controls, lesioned rats were slower to form attentional set on the 4ID task. When they did form a set, they required more trials to complete the extradimensional shift stage. On the 7-stage task, we replicated our previous finding of impaired reversal learning and reduced shift-costs. We interpret these findings as reflecting a single deficit in identifying relevant cues after unexpected outcomes, which supports recent models of OFC function. Our findings challenge the assumption that the contribution of the OFC to behavioural flexibility is limited to reversal learning.
Published: 2012

19. Measuring the construct of executive control in schizophrenia: defining and validating translational animal paradigms for discovery research

Author: Gary Gilmour, David S. Tait, Andrea Bari, Trevor W. Robbins, Verity J. Brown, Alexander Arguello, Stan B. Floresco, Jared W. Young, Cameron S. Carter, and David J. Jentsch
Subjects: Predictive validity, Elementary cognitive task, Cognitive Neuroscience, Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming), Cognitive neuroscience, Developmental psychology, Task (project management), Translational Research, Biomedical, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Executive Function, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Humans, Cognitive flexibility, Reproducibility of Results, Cognition, 030227 psychiatry, Disease Models, Animal, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Schizophrenia, Psychology, Construct (philosophy), Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Executive control is an aspect of cognitive function known to be impaired in schizophrenia. Previous meetings of the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS) group have more precisely defined executive control in terms of two constructs: "rule generation and selection", and "dynamic adjustments of control". Next, human cognitive tasks that may effectively measure performance with regard to these constructs were identified to be developed into practical and reliable measures for use in treatment development. The aim of this round of CNTRICS meetings was to define animal paradigms that have sufficient promise to warrant further investigation for their utility in measuring these constructs. Accordingly, "reversal learning" and the "attentional set-shifting task" were nominated to assess the construct of rule generation and selection, and the "stop signal task" for the construct of dynamic adjustments of control. These tasks are described in more detail here, with a particular focus on their utility for drug discovery efforts. Presently, each assay has strengths and weaknesses with regard to this point and increased emphasis on improving practical aspects of testing, understanding predictive validity, and defining biomarkers of performance represent important objectives in attaining confidence in translational validity here.
Published: 2011

20. Post-Translational Amino Acid Modification

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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21. Doxepin

Author: Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Tooru Mizuno, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, H. Valerie Curran, Celia J. A. Morgan, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R Sage, Stephanie A Carmack, Lawrence H. Price, Grasielle C Kincheski, Leandro J Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Andrea Bari, Roshan Cools, Yogita Chudasama, Stefan Leucht, William Breitbart, Yesne Alici, Karl Mann, Falk Kiefer, Michael M Morgan, M J Christie, Istvan Bitter, Eileen M. Joyce, Jonathan P Roiser, Darren R Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Kenneth J. Rhodes, Peter Paul De Deyn, Debby Van Dam, Darrel J. Pemberton, Johannes Mosbacher, Thomas Steckler, Alyson J Bond, Alex Hofer, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S Hurst, Irwin Lucki, Fadi T. Maalouf, David A. Brent, Fadi Maalouf, Huaiyu Yang, George I. Papakostas, Andrew Young, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Linda P Spear, Mohammed Shoaib, Emma Childs, Britta Hahn, Peter Boeijinga, Martine Cador, David S Tait, Verity J. Brown, David Baldwin, Yavin Shaham, Sunila G Nair, Matthew I Palmatier, Rick A Bevins, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Mark Geyer, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Joseph Zohar, Stephen C Fowler, James Winslow, Kim Wolff, Bankole A. Johnson, Martina de Zwaan, Angela Roberts, Anthony R Isles, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, Rosa M M de Almeida, Klaus A. Miczek, Eric Nestler, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Bankole A Johnson, Joseph H Friedman, István Bitter, Michael Minzenberg, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, MacDonald J. Christie, Joris C. Verster, Bernard Le Foll, Marilyn E Carroll, Peter A Santi, Ronald F Mucha, Ian P. Stolerman, Richard W Foltin, Christoph Hiemke, Luis Stinus, Stéphanie Caillé, John R Mantsch, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Brian E. Leonard, R. Andrew Chambers, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H Woods, Seiya Miyamoto, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Kieran O’Malley, and David J. Hellerstein
Published: 2010
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22. Adverse Effect

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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23. Dissociated Learning

Author: Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Tooru Mizuno, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, H. Valerie Curran, Celia J. A. Morgan, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R Sage, Stephanie A Carmack, Lawrence H. Price, Grasielle C Kincheski, Leandro J Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Andrea Bari, Roshan Cools, Yogita Chudasama, Stefan Leucht, William Breitbart, Yesne Alici, Karl Mann, Falk Kiefer, Michael M Morgan, M J Christie, Istvan Bitter, Eileen M. Joyce, Jonathan P Roiser, Darren R Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Kenneth J. Rhodes, Peter Paul De Deyn, Debby Van Dam, Darrel J. Pemberton, Johannes Mosbacher, Thomas Steckler, Alyson J Bond, Alex Hofer, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S Hurst, Irwin Lucki, Fadi T. Maalouf, David A. Brent, Fadi Maalouf, Huaiyu Yang, George I. Papakostas, Andrew Young, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Linda P Spear, Mohammed Shoaib, Emma Childs, Britta Hahn, Peter Boeijinga, Martine Cador, David S Tait, Verity J. Brown, David Baldwin, Yavin Shaham, Sunila G Nair, Matthew I Palmatier, Rick A Bevins, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Mark Geyer, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Joseph Zohar, Stephen C Fowler, James Winslow, Kim Wolff, Bankole A. Johnson, Martina de Zwaan, Angela Roberts, Anthony R Isles, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, Rosa M M de Almeida, Klaus A. Miczek, Eric Nestler, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Bankole A Johnson, Joseph H Friedman, István Bitter, Michael Minzenberg, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, MacDonald J. Christie, Joris C. Verster, Bernard Le Foll, Marilyn E Carroll, Peter A Santi, Ronald F Mucha, Ian P. Stolerman, Richard W Foltin, Christoph Hiemke, Luis Stinus, Stéphanie Caillé, John R Mantsch, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Brian E. Leonard, R. Andrew Chambers, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H Woods, Seiya Miyamoto, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Kieran O’Malley, and David J. Hellerstein
Published: 2010
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24. Presynaptic Bouton

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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25. Adolescent Neurodevelopmental Vulnerability

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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26. Labeled Ligand Concentration Binding Isotherm

Author: Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Cécile Viollet, Jacques Epelbaum, Daniel Hoyer, Ina Weiner, Ian Hindmarch, Martina de Zwaan, Joseph H. Friedman, David A. Brent, Fadi T. Maalouf, Paul Willner, Francis C. Colpaert, Eric J. Nestler, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Malcolm Lader, Tooru M. Mizuno, Paolo Nencini, Michele S. Milella, Stephen B. Dunnett, Paul Newhouse, Heather Wilkins, Kim Wolff, Alyson J. Bond, Angus Mackay, Sarah Morgan, James Winslow, Jason C. G. Halford, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Martine Cador, Roshan Cools, Dietrich van Calker, Anne Berghöfer, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Lawrence H. Price, Ian P. Stolerman, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Andreas Marneros, Helen E. Gibson, Susan Jones, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Elizabeth C. Warburton, and Lance R. McMahon
Published: 2010
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27. Allosteric Site

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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28. Delta-Receptor

Author: Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Tooru Mizuno, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, H. Valerie Curran, Celia J. A. Morgan, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R Sage, Stephanie A Carmack, Lawrence H. Price, Grasielle C Kincheski, Leandro J Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Andrea Bari, Roshan Cools, Yogita Chudasama, Stefan Leucht, William Breitbart, Yesne Alici, Karl Mann, Falk Kiefer, Michael M Morgan, M J Christie, Istvan Bitter, Eileen M. Joyce, Jonathan P Roiser, Darren R Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Kenneth J. Rhodes, Peter Paul De Deyn, Debby Van Dam, Darrel J. Pemberton, Johannes Mosbacher, Thomas Steckler, Alyson J Bond, Alex Hofer, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S Hurst, Irwin Lucki, Fadi T. Maalouf, David A. Brent, Fadi Maalouf, Huaiyu Yang, George I. Papakostas, Andrew Young, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Linda P Spear, Mohammed Shoaib, Emma Childs, Britta Hahn, Peter Boeijinga, Martine Cador, David S Tait, Verity J. Brown, David Baldwin, Yavin Shaham, Sunila G Nair, Matthew I Palmatier, Rick A Bevins, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Mark Geyer, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Joseph Zohar, Stephen C Fowler, James Winslow, Kim Wolff, Bankole A. Johnson, Martina de Zwaan, Angela Roberts, Anthony R Isles, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, Rosa M M de Almeida, Klaus A. Miczek, Eric Nestler, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Bankole A Johnson, Joseph H Friedman, István Bitter, Michael Minzenberg, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, MacDonald J. Christie, Joris C. Verster, Bernard Le Foll, Marilyn E Carroll, Peter A Santi, Ronald F Mucha, Ian P. Stolerman, Richard W Foltin, Christoph Hiemke, Luis Stinus, Stéphanie Caillé, John R Mantsch, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Brian E. Leonard, R. Andrew Chambers, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H Woods, Seiya Miyamoto, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Kieran O’Malley, and David J. Hellerstein
Published: 2010
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29. DHC

Author: Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Tooru Mizuno, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, H. Valerie Curran, Celia J. A. Morgan, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R Sage, Stephanie A Carmack, Lawrence H. Price, Grasielle C Kincheski, Leandro J Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Andrea Bari, Roshan Cools, Yogita Chudasama, Stefan Leucht, William Breitbart, Yesne Alici, Karl Mann, Falk Kiefer, Michael M Morgan, M J Christie, Istvan Bitter, Eileen M. Joyce, Jonathan P Roiser, Darren R Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Kenneth J. Rhodes, Peter Paul De Deyn, Debby Van Dam, Darrel J. Pemberton, Johannes Mosbacher, Thomas Steckler, Alyson J Bond, Alex Hofer, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S Hurst, Irwin Lucki, Fadi T. Maalouf, David A. Brent, Fadi Maalouf, Huaiyu Yang, George I. Papakostas, Andrew Young, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Linda P Spear, Mohammed Shoaib, Emma Childs, Britta Hahn, Peter Boeijinga, Martine Cador, David S Tait, Verity J. Brown, David Baldwin, Yavin Shaham, Sunila G Nair, Matthew I Palmatier, Rick A Bevins, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Mark Geyer, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Joseph Zohar, Stephen C Fowler, James Winslow, Kim Wolff, Bankole A. Johnson, Martina de Zwaan, Angela Roberts, Anthony R Isles, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, Rosa M M de Almeida, Klaus A. Miczek, Eric Nestler, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Bankole A Johnson, Joseph H Friedman, István Bitter, Michael Minzenberg, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, MacDonald J. Christie, Joris C. Verster, Bernard Le Foll, Marilyn E Carroll, Peter A Santi, Ronald F Mucha, Ian P. Stolerman, Richard W Foltin, Christoph Hiemke, Luis Stinus, Stéphanie Caillé, John R Mantsch, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Brian E. Leonard, R. Andrew Chambers, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H Woods, Seiya Miyamoto, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Kieran O’Malley, and David J. Hellerstein
Published: 2010
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30. Detector

Author: Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Tooru Mizuno, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, H. Valerie Curran, Celia J. A. Morgan, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R Sage, Stephanie A Carmack, Lawrence H. Price, Grasielle C Kincheski, Leandro J Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Andrea Bari, Roshan Cools, Yogita Chudasama, Stefan Leucht, William Breitbart, Yesne Alici, Karl Mann, Falk Kiefer, Michael M Morgan, M J Christie, Istvan Bitter, Eileen M. Joyce, Jonathan P Roiser, Darren R Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Kenneth J. Rhodes, Peter Paul De Deyn, Debby Van Dam, Darrel J. Pemberton, Johannes Mosbacher, Thomas Steckler, Alyson J Bond, Alex Hofer, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S Hurst, Irwin Lucki, Fadi T. Maalouf, David A. Brent, Fadi Maalouf, Huaiyu Yang, George I. Papakostas, Andrew Young, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Linda P Spear, Mohammed Shoaib, Emma Childs, Britta Hahn, Peter Boeijinga, Martine Cador, David S Tait, Verity J. Brown, David Baldwin, Yavin Shaham, Sunila G Nair, Matthew I Palmatier, Rick A Bevins, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Mark Geyer, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Joseph Zohar, Stephen C Fowler, James Winslow, Kim Wolff, Bankole A. Johnson, Martina de Zwaan, Angela Roberts, Anthony R Isles, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, Rosa M M de Almeida, Klaus A. Miczek, Eric Nestler, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Bankole A Johnson, Joseph H Friedman, István Bitter, Michael Minzenberg, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, MacDonald J. Christie, Joris C. Verster, Bernard Le Foll, Marilyn E Carroll, Peter A Santi, Ronald F Mucha, Ian P. Stolerman, Richard W Foltin, Christoph Hiemke, Luis Stinus, Stéphanie Caillé, John R Mantsch, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Brian E. Leonard, R. Andrew Chambers, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H Woods, Seiya Miyamoto, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Kieran O’Malley, and David J. Hellerstein
Published: 2010
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31. Postsynaptic Proteins

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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32. Oxazepam

Author: Tooru M. Mizuno, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, Naomi A. Fineberg, Michael H. Bloch, James F. Leckman, Rick A. Bevins, Matthew I. Palmatier, Cécile Viollet, Jacques Epelbaum, Daniel Hoyer, Istvan Bitter, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Andrea Bari, Catherine Belzung, Brian L. Odlaug, Jon E. Grant, Marc N. Branch, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, David C. S. Roberts, Luis Stinus, Stéphanie Caillé, Martine Cador, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Linda Dykstra, Annemarie Unger, Gabriele Fischer, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Luis de Lecea, Jason C. G. Halford, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Helen J. Cassaday, Trevor W. Robbins, Lance R. McMahon, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Paul D. Callaghan, Iain S. McGregor, and Murray R. Thompson
Published: 2010
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33. Action Inhibition

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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34. Avoidance

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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35. Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Author: Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Joseph Zohar, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per E. Andrén, Lawrence H. Price, Johannes Wancata, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, Anthony R. Isles, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, Jon E. Grant, Brian L. Odlaug, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Klaus A. Miczek, Suzanne H. Mitchell, de Harriet Wit, Alyson J. Bond, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Harriet de Wit, Stephen C. Fowler, Pedro L. Delgado, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Maria-Inés López-Ibor, Juan J. López-Ibor, Robert L. Balster, Celia J. A. Morgan, Valerie H. Curran, Hans Möhler, Malcolm Lader, Anthony Dickinson, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Josee E. Leysen, Jos Prickaerts, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Rodrigo Andrade, Peter Shizgal, Giovanni Hernandez, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Peter J. Tyrer, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Arthur Christopoulos, Mischa De Rover, Sander Nieuwenhuis, Trevor W. Robbins, Mark Slifstein, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Bart Ellenbroek, and Bankole A. Johnson
Published: 2010
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36. Allosteric Modulators

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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37. E

Author: Bart Ellenbroek, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Martina de Zwaan, Sarah Parylak, Pietro Cottone, Eric P. Zorrilla, Lawrence H. Price, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Ian P. Stolerman, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Michael H. Bloch, Sarah Morgan, Angus Mackay, Gary Remington, Sidney H. Kennedy, Sakina J. Rizvi, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Mitul A. Mehta, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Lynette C. Daws, Anne M. Andrews, Greg A. Gerhardt, Mischa de Rover, Sander Nieuwenhuis, Peter H. Boeijinga, Victoria L. Harvey, Anthony H. Dickenson, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per E. Andrén, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Kim Wolff, Iván Izquierdo, Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, David H. Zald, Oliver Stiedl, Sven Ove Ögren, Joseph Zohar, Alan J. Budney, Cecilia J. Hillard, Josee E. Leysen, Samuel B. Hutton, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Paul Willner, Jason C. G. Halford, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Francis C. Colpaert, Daniel Hoyer, Paul D. Callaghan, Iain S. McGregor, Murray R. Thompson, Mary E. Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Christoph Hiemke, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, Anthony R. Isles, Celia J. A. Morgan, Valerie H. Curran, Mark Slifstein, Jos Prickaerts, David E. Nichols, Marc N. Branch, Mohammed Shoaib, Jill B. Becker, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Juan J. López-Ibor, Maria-Inés López-Ibor, Berend Olivier, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Seiya Miyamoto, Bernard Le Foll, Cyril Höschl, David S. Baldwin, Thomas Steckler, Michel Billiard, Linda Lundström, Will Spooren, Silvia Gatti McArthur, Darrel J. Pemberton, Andrea Bari, Amee B. Patel, Kim Fromme, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, and W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker
Published: 2010
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38. Perseveration

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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39. LY139603

Author: Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Cécile Viollet, Jacques Epelbaum, Daniel Hoyer, Ina Weiner, Ian Hindmarch, Martina de Zwaan, Joseph H. Friedman, David A. Brent, Fadi T. Maalouf, Paul Willner, Francis C. Colpaert, Eric J. Nestler, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Malcolm Lader, Tooru M. Mizuno, Paolo Nencini, Michele S. Milella, Stephen B. Dunnett, Paul Newhouse, Heather Wilkins, Kim Wolff, Alyson J. Bond, Angus Mackay, Sarah Morgan, James Winslow, Jason C. G. Halford, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Martine Cador, Roshan Cools, Dietrich van Calker, Anne Berghöfer, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Lawrence H. Price, Ian P. Stolerman, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Andreas Marneros, Helen E. Gibson, Susan Jones, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Elizabeth C. Warburton, and Lance R. McMahon
Published: 2010
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40. Acetaldehyde

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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41. Pseudo-Parkinsonism

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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42. Prazosin

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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43. DLB

Author: Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Tooru Mizuno, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, H. Valerie Curran, Celia J. A. Morgan, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R Sage, Stephanie A Carmack, Lawrence H. Price, Grasielle C Kincheski, Leandro J Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Andrea Bari, Roshan Cools, Yogita Chudasama, Stefan Leucht, William Breitbart, Yesne Alici, Karl Mann, Falk Kiefer, Michael M Morgan, M J Christie, Istvan Bitter, Eileen M. Joyce, Jonathan P Roiser, Darren R Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Kenneth J. Rhodes, Peter Paul De Deyn, Debby Van Dam, Darrel J. Pemberton, Johannes Mosbacher, Thomas Steckler, Alyson J Bond, Alex Hofer, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S Hurst, Irwin Lucki, Fadi T. Maalouf, David A. Brent, Fadi Maalouf, Huaiyu Yang, George I. Papakostas, Andrew Young, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Linda P Spear, Mohammed Shoaib, Emma Childs, Britta Hahn, Peter Boeijinga, Martine Cador, David S Tait, Verity J. Brown, David Baldwin, Yavin Shaham, Sunila G Nair, Matthew I Palmatier, Rick A Bevins, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Mark Geyer, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Joseph Zohar, Stephen C Fowler, James Winslow, Kim Wolff, Bankole A. Johnson, Martina de Zwaan, Angela Roberts, Anthony R Isles, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, Rosa M M de Almeida, Klaus A. Miczek, Eric Nestler, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Bankole A Johnson, Joseph H Friedman, István Bitter, Michael Minzenberg, Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, MacDonald J. Christie, Joris C. Verster, Bernard Le Foll, Marilyn E Carroll, Peter A Santi, Ronald F Mucha, Ian P. Stolerman, Richard W Foltin, Christoph Hiemke, Luis Stinus, Stéphanie Caillé, John R Mantsch, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Brian E. Leonard, R. Andrew Chambers, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H Woods, Seiya Miyamoto, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Kieran O’Malley, and David J. Hellerstein
Published: 2010
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44. Inhibitory Amino Acids and Their Receptor Ligands

Author: Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Joseph Zohar, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per E. Andrén, Lawrence H. Price, Johannes Wancata, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, Anthony R. Isles, Lawrence S. Wilkinson, Jon E. Grant, Brian L. Odlaug, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Klaus A. Miczek, Suzanne H. Mitchell, de Harriet Wit, Alyson J. Bond, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Harriet de Wit, Stephen C. Fowler, Pedro L. Delgado, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Maria-Inés López-Ibor, Juan J. López-Ibor, Robert L. Balster, Celia J. A. Morgan, Valerie H. Curran, Hans Möhler, Malcolm Lader, Anthony Dickinson, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Josee E. Leysen, Jos Prickaerts, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Rodrigo Andrade, Peter Shizgal, Giovanni Hernandez, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Peter J. Tyrer, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Arthur Christopoulos, Mischa De Rover, Sander Nieuwenhuis, Trevor W. Robbins, Mark Slifstein, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Bart Ellenbroek, and Bankole A. Johnson
Published: 2010
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45. Antidepressants: Recent Developments

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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46. Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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47. Atypical Autism

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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48. PKU

Author: R. Hamish McAllister-Williams, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, Delphine Capdevielle, Jean-Philippe Boulenger, Cyril Höschl, Martine Cador, Ben J. Harrison, Christos Pantelis, Anthony Riley, Steve Kohut, Alex Hofer, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, D. Warren Spence, Shelby Freedman Harris, Michael J. Thorpy, Milton Kramer, Ian Stolerman, Holden D. Brown, Michael Ragozzino, Klaus A. Miczek, Anne Jackson, Sven Ove Ögren, Oliver Stiedl, Paul R. Pentel, Mark LeSage, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Gail Winger, Mei-Chuan Ko, James H. Woods, Matthew I. Palmatier, Rick A. Bevins, Stephan G. Anagnostaras, Jennifer R. Sage, Stephanie A. Carmack, Jos Prickaerts, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhushi, Christoph U. Correll, Mohammed Shoaib, Trevor Robbins, Daniel Hoyer, Luzio Tremolizzo, Gessica Sala, Carlo Ferrarese, Seiya Miyamoto, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Richard A. Depue, Tara L. White, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, S. Stevens Negus, Dana E. Selley, Laura J. Sim-Selley, Christoph Hiemke, Sophie Tambour, John C. Crabbe, Pierre Baumann, Kim Wolff, Christof Baltes, Thomas Mueggler, Markus Rudin, Alan J. Budney, Robert L. Balster, Sharon Walsh, Andrea Bari, Johannes Mosbacher, Paul Willner, Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Etienne Sibille, Nicole Edgar, Sabine M. Hölter, John F. Cryan, Michel Le Moal, Marco Leyton, Sara Tomlinson, Glen Baker, Bernard Le Foll, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Tomasz Schneider, Yogita Chudasama, Stan Floresco, Marc Potenza, Fabrizio Benedetti, Peter Riederer, Siegfried Hoyer, Lucio Tremolizzo, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Malcolm Lader, Stefan Leucht, Mark Slifstein, Samuel G. Siris, Susan Jones, Peter Verheart, Per Svenningsson, Per Andrén, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Stephen C. Fowler, Harriet de Wit, Britta Hahn, Helen Cassaday, Darren R. Christensen, Warren K. Bickel, Michael Minzenberg, David Baldwin, C. Neill Epperson, Lawrence Scahill, I. T. Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, Bart Ellenbroek, Patrick D. McGorry, Alison R. Yung, Mark A. Geyer, Angela Roberts, Celia Morgan, Valerie Curran, Jill B. Becker, Mary Cain, Michael T. Bardo, Theodora Duka, Sam Hutton, Martin Cammarota, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Iván Izquierdo, Husseini Manji, Jorge Quiroz, Per E. Andrén, Peter Verhaert, Joji Suzuki, Torsten Passie, Pedro E. Huertas, John Halpern, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Giovanni Hernandez, Peter Shizgal, Ian Hindmarch, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Padua Carobrez, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, Gabriele Fischer, Annemarie Unger, Marcy J. Bubar, Kathryn A. Cunningham, Marie-Louise Wadenberg, Marc N. Branch, Jeffrey M. Witkin, James E. Barrett, Ivan Izquierdo, and Lia Rejane M. Bevilaqua
Published: 2010
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49. Area Under the Curve

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
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50. Amentia

Author: Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Kim Wolff, Christine A. Franco, Marc N. Potenza, Tayfun Uzbay, Lisiane Bizarro, David C. S. Roberts, Robert L. Balster, Sharon L. Walsh, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Anthony L. Riley, Steve Kohut, Marie-Louise G. Wadenberg, Heather Wilkins, Paul Newhouse, Anne Jackson, Joachim D. Uys, Peter W. Kalivas, Victoria L. Harvey, Tony Dickenson, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Gorkem Yararbas, Sakire Pogun, Debby Van Dam, Peter Paul De Deyn, Samuel G. Siris, Richard W. Foltin, Michael J. Kuhar, Michel Le Moal, Christoph Hiemke, Nicola Simola, Micaela Morelli, Alyson J. Bond, James J. Strain, R. Andrew Chambers, R. H. De Rijk, E. R. de Kloet, Bankole A. Johnson, Andreas Marneros, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, Mark Slifstein, Klaus A. Miczek, Rosa M. M. de Almeida, Emil F. Coccaro, David S. Baldwin, John Atack, Hilde Lavreysen, Alfonso Abizaid, Shimon Amir, Joseph H. Friedman, Theodora Duka, Jelena Nesic, Falk Kiefer, Karl Mann, Christopher L. Cunningham, Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, Subhash C. Pandey, Kieran O’Malley, Mitul A. Mehta, Linda Dykstra, Holden D. Brown, Michael E. Ragozzino, Brian E. Leonard, Malcolm Lader, Peter J. Flor, Inga D. Neumann, Linda P. Spear, Daniel Hoyer, Martina de Zwaan, Michael J. Owens, Chase H. Bourke, Philip J. Cowen, Pedro L. Delgado, Hiroyuki Uchida, Shitij Kapur, Lawrence H. Price, Husseini K. Manji, Jorge A. Quiroz, Seiya Miyamoto, Francisco Aboitiz, Ximena Carrasco, F. Xavier Castellanos, Elizabeth C. Warburton, James H. Woods, Mei-Chuan Ko, Gail Winger, Andrew Young, Jill B. Becker, Helen J. Cassaday, Paul Willner, Maria Isabel Colado, A. Richard Green, Marilyn E. Carroll, Peter A. Santi, Iván Izquierdo, Lia R. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota, Jason C. G. Halford, Arthur Christopoulos, Gregory D. Stewart, Patrick M. Sexton, Sheldon Preskorn, Megan M. Dahmen, Jana Lincoln, Edoardo Spina, J. Craig Nelson, Meghan M. Grady, Stephen M. Stahl, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Wiepke Cahn, Heleen B. M. Boos, H. D. Postma, W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker, Samuel B. Hutton, Grasielle C. Kincheski, Leandro J. Bertoglio, Antonio Pádua Carobrez, Helio Zangrossi, Frederico Guilherme Graeff, James Winslow, Yogita Chudasama, Naheed (Max) Mirza, Shuang Yu, Nuno Sousa, Osborne F. X. Almeida, Tim C. Kirkham, Ronald F. Mucha, Cecilia J. Hillard, Fiona Thomson, Susan Napier, Craig A. Erickson, David J. Posey, Kelly Blankenship, Kimberly A. Stigler, Christopher J. McDougle, Paul B. S. Clarke, Luis de Lecea, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Barbara J. Sahakian, Martin Sarter, Andrea Bari, Matt Field, Ingmar H. A. Franken, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, Kim Fromme, Amee B. Patel, David S. Tait, Verity J. Brown, Darrell D. Mousseau, Andrew Holt, Glen B. Baker, Tomasz Schneider, Becky Kinkead, Charles B. Nemeroff, Lucy C. Guillory, Ennio Esposito, Roberto William Invernizzi, Oliver Stiedl, and Sven Ove Ögren
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

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