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Objectives Image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures around the hip are widely used in daily clinical practice. The need for clarity concerning the actual added value of imaging guidance and types of medications to be offered led the Ultrasound and the Interventional Subcommittees of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) to promote, with the support of its Research Committee, a collaborative project to review the published literature on image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures in the lower limb in order to derive a list of clinical indications. Methods In this article, we report the results of a Delphi-based consensus of 53 experts who reviewed the published literature for evidence on image-guided interventional procedures offered in the joint and soft tissues around the hip in order of their clinical indications. Results Ten statements concerning image-guided treatment procedures around the hip have been collected by the panel of ESSR experts. Conclusions This work highlighted that there is still low evidence in the existing literature on some of these interventional procedures. Further large prospective randomized trials are essential to better confirm the benefits and objectively clarify the role of imaging to guide musculoskeletal interventional procedures around the hip.

Objectives To perform a Delphi-based consensus on published evidence on image-guided interventional procedures for peripheral nerves of the lower limb (excluding Morton’s neuroma) and provide clinical indications. Methods We report the results of a Delphi-based consensus of 53 experts from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology who reviewed the published literature for evidence on image-guided interventional procedures offered around peripheral nerves in the lower limb (excluding Morton’s neuroma) to derive their clinical indications. Experts drafted a list of statements and graded them according to the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine levels of evidence. Consensus was considered strong when > 95% of experts agreed with the statement or broad when > 80% but < 95% agreed. The results of the Delphi-based consensus were used to write the paper. Results Nine statements on image-guided interventional procedures for peripheral nerves of the lower limb have been drafted. All of them received strong consensus. Image-guided pudendal nerve block is safe, effective, and well tolerated with few complications. US-guided perisciatic injection of anesthetic provides good symptom relief in patients with piriformis syndrome; however, the addition of corticosteroids to local anesthetics still has an unclear role. US-guided lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block can be used to provide effective post-operative regional analgesia. Conclusion Despite the promising results reported by published papers on image-guided interventional procedures for peripheral nerves of the lower limb, there is still a lack of evidence on the efficacy of most procedures.

Objectives Clarity regarding accuracy and effectiveness for interventional procedures around the foot and ankle is lacking. Consequently, a board of 53 members of the Ultrasound and Interventional Subcommittees of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) reviewed the published literature to evaluate the evidence on image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures around this anatomical region. Methods We report the results of a Delphi-based consensus of 53 experts from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology who reviewed the published literature for evidence on image-guided interventional procedures offered around foot and ankle in order to derive their clinical indications. Experts drafted a list of statements and graded them according to the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine levels of evidence. Consensus was considered strong when > 95% of experts agreed with the statement or broad when > 80% but < 95% agreed. The results of the Delphi-based consensus were used to write the paper that was shared with all panel members for final approval. Results A list of 16 evidence-based statements on clinical indications for image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures in the foot and ankle were drafted after a literature review. The highest level of evidence was reported for four statements, all receiving 100% agreement. Conclusion According to this consensus, image-guided interventions should not be considered a first-level approach for treating Achilles tendinopathy, while ultrasonography guidance is strongly recommended to improve the efficacy of interventional procedures for plantar fasciitis and Morton’s neuroma, particularly using platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroids, respectively.

Background Lentiviral vectors (LVVs) hold great promise as delivery tools for gene therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy. Their ability to target difficult to transfect cells and deliver genetic payloads that integrate into the host genome makes them ideal delivery candidates. However, several challenges remain to be addressed before LVVs are more widely used as therapeutics including low viral vector concentrations and the absence of suitable scale-up methods for large-scale production. To address these challenges, we have developed a high throughput microscale HEK293 suspension culture platform that enables rapid screening of conditions for improving LVV productivity. Key results High density culture (40 million cells mL-1 ) of HEK293 suspension cells in commercially available media was achieved in microscale 96-deep well plate platform at liquid volumes of 200 μL. Comparable transfection and LVV production efficiencies were observed at the microscale, in conventional shake flasks and a 1-L bioreactor, indicating that significant scale-down does not affect LVV concentrations and predictivity of scale-up. Optimization of production step allowed for final yields of LVVs to reach 1.5 × 107 TU mL-1 . Conclusions The ability to test a large number of conditions simultaneously with minimal reagent use allows for the rapid optimization of LVV production in HEK293 suspension cells. Therefore, such a system may serve as a valuable tool in early stage process development and can be used as a screening tool to improve LVV concentrations for both batch and perfusion based systems.

NHS England, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Picker and NHS Improvement started the work described in this article to strengthen how patients, carers and staff working together in co-design and co-production can make a real difference in improving experience of care. Always Events®, which is an improvement methodology for the co-design and consistent implementation of those aspects of patient experience that matter most to patients in a health care setting, was chosen. The approach has been to first test the methodology with three organizations then to spread to a substantial proportion of acute health care providers, with concurrent scale-up within organizations that were early adopters in single settings, and then spread to other providers including care homes, primary care and integrated care systems. For organizations to be successful in embedding and sustaining Always Events, and to have a significant impact on improving experience, we learnt that health organizations should: a) co-produce with patients/service users from the very start and throughout every phase, b) integrate quality improvement, patient experience and person-centered care, c) identify an Executive Leader champion who can support the team to gain momentum from the beginning, d) keep an open mind and not be tempted to pre-determine what changes need to be made; patients/service users & staff know the challenges and have the best, simplest and most affordable ideas for improvement and finally, e) involving point of care staff from the beginning and co-designing the Always Event with them will support engagement and reduce resistance to change.

Daniel Bensaïd’s meditations on utopia and revolution assume a materialist form in his grasp of the non-linear temporalities of value relations in capitalist society. The result is a dialectical understanding of time as irregular and prone to ruptural transformations. Bensaïd’s unique reflections in this area open up a ‘strategic sense of time’ as the space of revolutionary politics.

This article seeks to dialecticise the debate between the ostensible politics of class and those of identity. It mobilises the Hegelian-Marxian conception of ‘unity of the diverse’ against abstract conceptions of both universality and difference, in order to demonstrate how working classes are constituted in and through (i.e. internally related to) multiple social differences. In contrast to bad essentialism, the dialectical-Marxist concept of working class self-emancipation is thus shown to necessitate conscious struggle and self-organisation against all forms of social oppression.

The Dynamic Weather Routes (DWR) tool continuously and automatically analyzes active flights in en route airspace and finds simple route corrections to achieve more time- and fuel-efficient routes around convective weather. A strong partnership between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), American Airlines (AA), and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has enabled testing of DWR in real-world air traffic operations. NASA and AA have been conducting a trial of DWR at AA’s Integrated Operations Control Center in Fort Worth, Texas since July 2012. This paper describes test results based on AA’s use of DWR for their flights in and around Fort Worth Center (ZFW). Results indicate an actual savings of 3,949 flying minutes for 624 AA revenue flights from January 2013 through December 2014. Of these, 101 flights each indicate a savings of 15 min or more. Potential savings for all flights in ZFW airspace, corrected for savings flights achieve today through normal pilot requests and contro...

In March 2016 the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), formally known as ISO/IEC SC29 WG1, issued a call for proposals soliciting compression technologies for a low-latency, lightweight and visually transparent video compression scheme. Within the JPEG family of standards, this scheme was denominated JPEG XS for ”JPEG Xtra Small”. The subjective evaluation of visually lossless compressed video sequences at high resolutions and bit depths poses particular challenges. This paper describes the adopted procedures, the subjective evaluation setup, the evaluation process and summarizes the obtained results which were achieved in the context of the JPEG XS standardization process.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. It is increasingly acknowledged that service-user satisfaction and experience are fundamental to the achievement of high quality care delivery worldwide. Research in this area identifies a need to capture the experience of care providers, to expand methodological approaches beyond the survey instrument and to develop patient-centred approaches that include effective partnerships between professionals, patients and their carers or family members. Evidence highlights the coercive potential of admission in adult acute mental health, and the increased complexity associated with enhancing patient satisfaction and experience in these environments. This study aimed to explore the experiences of staff, service-users, and carers with admission in two adult acute inpatient mental health wards. A grounded theory (GT) approach was adopted such that theory was developed inductively through data collection and analysis. A total of twenty-two participants were interviewed, this included: 9 (40%) service-users, 10 (46%) members of staff and 3 (14%) carers. The substantive theory of admission produced was organised across three major categories, namely: a person-centred beginning; building relationships along the way and barriers to the service received. These interrelated factors determine the meaningfulness of the admission and have the power to hinder or facilitate improvement to a service-user’s wellbeing and their evaluation of being admitted to an inpatient mental health ward. The process of admission in an acute inpatient mental health environment can pre-determine satisfaction and experience with services. It is essential that person-centred ideals are maintained from the outset in order to maximise the quality of care received. This includes the implementation of strategies that facilitate involvement approaches and nurturing positive relationships to improve communication, concordance, shared decision-making and participation with care delivery.

Insisting on the status of money as a creature of both the market and the state, this article challenges dualistic understandings of capitalist imperialism as entailing two fundamentally distinct logics, one capitalist, the other territorial. In opposition to the dual-logics position, the article argues for the distinctiveness of capitalist money in terms of a complex butunitarysocio-economic logic. The social dynamism of this logic involves the spatial-territorial extension of the domain of modern value relations, embodied in fully-capitalist money. Departing from the development of coinage in ancient Greece, the article proceeds to identify the 1690s in Britain as the decisive moment in the emergence of a new and distinctively capitalist form of (world) money, institutionally based upon the Bank of England, in which state debt was thoroughly integrated with private financial markets. The crucial role of the Bank of England in this new monetary system is shown to have pivoted on its capacities to finance Britain’s inter-colonial wars. Colonialism, war, slavery and dispossession underline the omnipresence of ‘blood and dirt’ (Marx) in the development and reproduction of capitalist impersonal power as expressed in world money. Undoing the impersonal power characteristic of bourgeois money thus entails undoing the economic dispossession of the labouring poor, which forms the basis of their ‘possession’ by capital.

The Dynamic Weather Routes (DWR) tool is a ground-based trajectory automation system that continuously and automatically analyzes active in-flight aircraft in en route airspace to find simple modifications to flight plan routes that can save significant flying time, while avoiding weather and considering traffic conflicts, airspace sector congestion, special use airspace, and FAA routing restrictions. Trials of the DWR system have shown that significant delay savings are possible. However, some DWR advised routes are also rejected by dispatchers or modified before being accepted. Similarly, of those sent by dispatchers to flight crews as proposed route change requests, many are not accepted by air traffic control, or are modified before implementation as Center route amendments. Such actions suggest that the operational acceptability of DWR advised route corrections could be improved, which may reduce workload and increase delay savings. This paper analyzes the historical usage of different flight routings, varying from simple waypoint pairs to lengthy strings of waypoints incorporating jet routes, in order to improve DWR route acceptability. An approach is developed that can be incorporated into DWR, advising routings with high historical usage and savings potential similar to that of the nominal DWR advisory. It is hypothesized that modifying a nominal DWR routing to one that is commonly used, and nearby, will result in more actual savings since common routings are generally familiar and operationally acceptable to air traffic control. The approach allows routing segments with high historical usage to be concatenated to form routes that meet all DWR constraints. The relevance of a route's historical usage to its acceptance by dispatchers and air traffic control is quantified by analyzing historical DWR data. Results indicate that while historical usage may be less of a concern to flight dispatchers accepting or rejecting DWR advised route corrections, it may be important to air traffic control acceptance of DWR routes.

The recent arrival ofFrom Economics Imperialism to Freakonomicsby Fine and Milonakis is especially propitious given the context of the Great Recession of 2008 – and the associated decline of public faith in the verities of mainstream economics. Fine and Milonakis provide a magisterial critical survey of contemporary economics and demonstrate the need for a ‘new and truly interdisciplinary political economy’ capable of ‘incorporating the social and historical from the outset’. But their cause requires the explicit development of value analysis within the framework of dialectical social theory. This requires foregrounding the ways in which Marx’s categories inCapitalare from the start historical precipitates that acknowledge their own inherent historicity.

We report on recently developed solid state photomultipliers (SSPMs) based on the Metal Resistive Silicon Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiode architecture (MRS-APD). SSPMs implementing a n+ p p+ doping structure now reach up to 50% peak photon detection efficiency in the green and red parts of the visible spectrum. They operate at high gain (>3×10 5 ) and have exceptionally low temperature coefficient ( 2 sensitive areas have been manufactured. Special surface treatment techniques allow for an increase of UV and blue light sensitivity for these green–red sensitive devices. We also report on SSPMs employing a p+ p n+ doping structure which exhibit high sensitivity for blue and UV light with photon detection efficiency reaching up to 30% at 420 nm.

Of the tetracyclines, minocycline is unique in causing a significant incidence of a lupus-like syndrome and autoimmune hepatitis. It is also unique among the tetracyclines in having a para - N , N -dimethylaminophenol ring. Many drugs that cause autoimmune reactions are oxidized to reactive metabolites by the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system of macrophages. In this study, we showed that minocycline is oxidized to reactive intermediates by MPO/H 2 O 2 /Cl – , HOCl, horseradish peroxidase/H 2 O 2 , or hepatic microsomes. When trapped with N -acetylcysteine (NAC), two adducts with protonated molecular ions at m / z 619 were isolated and analyzed by NMR. One represents attack of the aromatic D ring by NAC meta to the N , N -dimethylamino group, which implies that the reactive intermediate was a quinone iminium ion. The NMR of the other adduct, which was not observed when minocycline was oxidized by hepatic microsomes, indicates that the NAC is attached at the junction of the B and C rings. In the oxidation by HOCl, we found an intermediate with a protonated molecular ion of m / z 510 that represents the addition of HOCl to minocycline. The HOCl presumably adds across the double bond of the B ring, and reaction of this intermediate with NAC led to the second NAC adduct. We were surprised to find that the same NAC adduct was not observed after oxidation of tetracycline with HOCl, even though this part of the tetracycline structure is the same as for minocycline. We propose that one or more of these reactive metabolites are responsible for the idiosyncratic drug reactions that are specific to this tetracycline.

This paper assesses the current world economic crisis in terms of crucial transformations in global capitalism throughout the neoliberal period. It argues that intense social and spatial restructuring after the crises of 1973–82 produced a new wave of capitalist expansion (centred on East Asia) that began to exhaust itself in the late-1990s. Since that time, new problems of overaccumulation and declining profitability have plagued global capitalism. Interconnected with these problems are contradictions related to a mutation in the form of world-money, as a result of its complete de-linking from gold after 1971, which stimulated a fantastic growth in financial instruments and transactions, and generated a proliferation of esoteric 'fictitious capitals' whose collapse is wreaking havoc across world financial markets. The intersection between general conditions of overaccumulation and a crisis in financial structures specific to neoliberalism has now produced a deep world-slump. Inherent in this crisis is a breakdown in forms of value-measurement that is throwing up intense struggles between the capitalist value-form and popular life-values, the latter of which comprise the grounds for any real renewal of the socialist Left.

An operating concept and a laboratory analysis methodology were developed and tested to examine how four-dimensional trajectory analysis methods could support higher levels of automation for separation assurance in the National Airspace System. Real-time simulations were conducted in which a human controller generated conflict resolution trajectories using an automated trial planning resolution function, but only in response to conflicts detected and displayed by an automatic conflict detection function. Objective metrics were developed to compare aircraft separation characteristics and flying time efficiency under automated operations to that of today’s operations using common airspace and traffic scenarios. Simulations were based on recorded air traffic data from Fort Worth and Cleveland Centers and conducted using today’s and nearly two-times today’s traffic levels. Results suggest that a single controller using trajectory-based automation and data link communication of control clearances to aircraft could manage substantially more traffic than they do now with improved route efficiency while maintaining separation. The simulation and analysis capability provides a basis for further analysis of semi-automated, or fully automated, separation assurance concepts.

The Dynamic Weather Routes (DWR) tool continuously and automatically analyzes airborne flights in en route airspace to identify flights where a route correction could save significant flight time and still avoid weather. A partnership between NASA, American Airlines (AA), and the FAA has enabled testing of DWR in real-world air traffic operations. En route Data Communications (Data Comm) could significantly reduce the controller and pilot workload needed to communicate DWR route changes under today's voice-based operations and thereby enable more timely and frequent high-value corrections to weather avoidance routes. Sample data from the DWR trial at AA illustrate how Data Comm could improve DWR operations. Two operating concepts that integrate DWR with Data Comm are described: (1) route corrections are initiated by air traffic control and implemented using Airborne Reroutes and Data Comm, and (2) route corrections are initiated by the dispatcher and pilot and implemented via Data Comm. Both concepts align with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) plans for implementation of Data Comm in en route airspace.

Each summer from 1901 to 1918, and intermittently thereafter through 1965, Odawa and Ojibwe actors in Northern Ontario and Michigan took part in operatic Native language performances of Longfellow's Song of Hiawatha financed by area railroads and captured on silent film. While audiences and reviewers understood the pageants to validate the reality of Longfellow's representations of vanished noble savages and while Native actors performed this script for pay in lean times, a closer look at their offstage lives, their onstage improvisations, and especially their humor reveals that these were also Indians playing Indian for Indian reasons. In an era of assimilation policies that outlawed drumming, dancing, and ceremony in public, and on stages designed to render them absent as twentieth century Native people, the actors insinuated their presence in heavily ramified, if subtle, ways. Crucially, performances enabled them to embody and thereby maintain a musical and dance repertoire associated with peoplehood and power, that could be rekindled with greater sovereignty by subsequent generations.

Frances Abele, George Comninel, and David McNally have written about the life of Neal Wood who founded the Graduate Program of Social and Political Thought at York University and influenced generations of scholars with his commitment to socialism and his intellectual rigour. Wood applied a social-historical approach to the study of political thought, especially the study of liberalism, acknowledging its achievements while probing its limitations, particularly its class blindness and callousness toward the poor. He, too, was concerned with "the practice of political theory and the analysis of the most urgent political matters of our time."

This article considers the potential for single assessment to overcome longstanding difficulties with care management, looks at initial progress in one SHA area and identifies some key priorities for the next stages of local implementation. We conclude that, not only is much more work required in localities, but additional national guidance and resources may also be required.

The National Service Framework for Older People (DoH, 2001) is a ten‐year plan which aims radically to improve health services for older people. Central to the plan is the belief that older people should be involved as ‘genuine partners’ in the implementation process. In this article we describe how regional and local implementation teams in the North West of England are working in partnership to develop a coherent and sustainable strategy for engaging with older people.

Dynamic weather routes are flight plan corrections that can provide airborne flights more than user-specified minutes of flying-time savings, compared to their current flight plan. These routes are computed from the aircraft's current location to a flight plan fix downstream (within a predefined limit region), while avoiding forecasted convective weather regions. The Dynamic Weather Routes automation has been continuously running with live air traffic data for a field evaluation at the American Airlines Integrated Operations Center in Fort Worth, TX since July 31, 2012, where flights within the Fort Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center are evaluated for time savings. This paper extends the methodology to all Centers in United States and presents benefits analysis of Dynamic Weather Routes automation, if it was implemented in multiple airspace Centers individually and concurrently. The current computation of dynamic weather routes requires a limit rectangle so that a downstream capture fix can be selected, preventing very large route changes spanning several Centers. In this paper, first, a method of computing a limit polygon (as opposed to a rectangle used for Fort Worth Center) is described for each of the 20 Centers in the National Airspace System. The Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool, a nationwide simulation and analysis tool, is used for this purpose. After a comparison of results with the Center-based Dynamic Weather Routes automation in Fort Worth Center, results are presented for 11 Centers in the contiguous United States. These Centers are generally most impacted by convective weather. A breakdown of individual Center and airline savings is presented and the results indicate an overall average savings of about 10 minutes of flying time are obtained per flight.

This article describes efforts to develop a joint health and social services strategy for rehabilitation in one local authority area in response to national policy. It notes the effects of competing policy initiatives, of the shift in hospital provision to providing only acute care, and of failure to agree joint responsibility for the future development of such services.

The novel concept of nadir energy planes has been used to illuminate the principles governing the preferred orientation of rings A–C in PPh3 1, coordinated to achiral octahedral metal complexes of the type [M(PPh3)L1–5] 2a–d, and prochiral octahedral metal complexes of the type [M(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)L2] 3, and [M(η6-C6H6)(PPh3)L2] 4. An achiral arrangement of complex-bound 1 (reminiscent of the transition state for the one-ring flip stereoisomerisation process) orients all three ring apices proximal to three of the four orthogonal nadir energy planes associated with an octahedral metal centre. From this achiral arrangement, the favoured, degenerate conformations of complex-bound 1 may be subsequently derived by applying the following principles (in descending order of priority), (i) superimpose the vertical ring A of the achiral conformer onto the least encumbered nadir plane, (ii) allowring B to tilt onto the least encumbered nadir plane orthogonal to the vertical ring A, and (iii) tilt ring B in a manner which orients the flatter ring C beneath the smallest ligand. These principles are wholly consistent with 60 X-ray crystal structures, and detailed conformational analyses. The phenomenon of PPh3 ligand tilting, consistent with intramolecular steric strain, is characterised.

This chapter investigates key sites of mass social struggle in recent years – Cochabamba, Bolivia; Oaxaca, Mexico; Tunisia; and Egypt – in order to develop a preliminary analysis of key movements of mass resistance and class formation in our age. The object is to demonstrate the ways in which class-dynamics decisively shape their direction, modes of struggle, cultures of resistance and forms of organisation. More than this, the analysis does not presume that there is an entity called ‘class’ that persists in a singular form across historical time. For this reason, the author’s analysis disavows the building of theoretical models that are then ‘tested’ in relation to the facts. In contrast, it cleaves to the dialectical approach in which theory and practice (like mind and body) refer to different aspects of a unity, and thus treats these categories as merely different registers of a singular flow of experience. Keywords:Bolivia; Cairo; Cochabamba; mass social struggle; working-class formations; working-class resistance

This paper describes how differential GPS (DGPS) and miniature, low-cost Integrity Beacon pseudolites were used to carry out 110 successful automatic landings of a United Airlines Boeing 737 aircraft. These autopilot-in-the-loop flight tests using GPS Integrity Beacons (low-power, ground-based marker beacon pseudolites placed under the approach path) furnished evidence that GPS can provide the full performance necessary to meet the stringent specifications of Category III. The built-in geometrical redundancy provided by Integrity Beacon ranging is coupled with centimeter-level accuracy to provide the system integrity. This integrity-calculated to be better than one part in a billion probability of missed detection-is achieved independently from ground-based monitors using receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM).