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Flooding due to overflowing rivers affects the construction elements of many buildings. Although significant progress has been made in predicting this damage, there is still a need to continue studying this issue. For this reason, the main goal of this research focuses on finding out if, based on a small dataset of cases of a given area, it is possible to predict at least three degrees of affectation in buildings, considering only three environmental factors (minimum distance from the river, unevenness and possible water communication). To meet this goal, the methodological approach followed considers scientific literature review and collection and analysis of a small dataset from 101 buildings that have been affected by floods in the Guadalquivir River basin (Andalusia. Spain). After analyzing this data, algorithms based on machine learning (ML) are applied to predict the degree of affection. The results, analysis and conclusions indicate that, if the study focuses on a specific area and similar buildings, using a correlation matrix and ML algorithms such as the "Decision Tree" with cross-validation, around 90% can be achieved in the "Recall" and "Precision" of "High-Level-Affection" class, and an “Accuracy” around 80% in general.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms, with an increasing incidence in recent years. Intestinal obstruction is present at the time of diagnosis in 10-30% of patients. The aim of our study is to describe our experience in the use of colonic SEMS in the treatment of colonic stenosing neoplasia. For this purpose, we retrospectively evaluated the 92 patients treated with self-expandable metallic prostheses in our hospital between 2016 and 2021. In 66.3% of patients the prosthesis placement was bridge to curative surgery and in 33.7% with palliative attitude. The stenosis location was differentiated: rectum (2.1%), rectosigmoid junction (20.7%), sigma (58.7%), left colon (8.7%), splenic angle (8.7%) and transverse colon (1.1%); being the size of the self-expandable metallic prostheses used 60x25 mm, 90x25 mm and 120x25 mm. The procedure was technically effective in 92.4% of the cases and clinically effective in 89.1%, with post-procedural perforations being detected in 9 patients (9.8%). Survival 30 days after prosthesis placement was 91.3%. No mortality directly related to the procedure was detected. In our experience, placement of self-expandable metallic prostheses is a safe and effective option in the initial management of neoplastic colon stenosis.

The Covid-19 pandemic has certainly changed behaviour patterns in many aspects of life, such as the management of solid wastes inside residential spaces. The goal of this research work is to study an ozone generator device as a disinfection and sterilization tool for these wastes in dwellings themselves, thus re-establishing the selective collection to take them back to the recycling chain. In addition, an approach to the risk verification is made. The methodology is based on an experimentation with a device designed to be as cheap as possible. A room like a bedroom is used as a test bed to apply the device, but with no people inside the room to avoid risks. The results show that the device is feasible, concluding that risks are acceptable if its use is correct and appropriate equipment is available to be applied and controlled, all without prejudice of the rigorous control by the competent authorities that approve its use. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This research presents the usual types of damages and the causes that occur most frequently in building facades, through the analysis of all judicial complaints in Spain over 6 years. These...

Over time, whether through traditional knowledge or the constructive implementation, the relationship of the built environment with the climate conditions of a certain place has been developed. The control of these symbiotic solutions based on the climate-conscious design and their strategic approach have been improved to keep better welfare levels. Due to climate change, however, design strategies could be modified in a context of global warming. This research considers the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and RCP 8.5) to analyse the effectiveness of the design strategies throughout the 21 st century. A total of 6 countries (France, Portugal, Spain, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile) were selected to assess both thermal comfort levels and the need for using HVAC systems in each climate zone and in all future scenarios, so 1,450 cases were studied. The results showed that the less conservative climate change scenarios will affect thermal comfort, thus significantly reducing comfort hours in warm climates. In addition, passive design strategies could be less effective in the future, predominating the use of cooling systems. As a result of this research, future design strategies should be dynamic and permeable for possible scenarios. © 2021 The Author(s)

Caracterizar la transmitancia térmica de fachadas es uno de los pasos más importantes en los trabajos de auditoría energética. Para ello, existe una amplia variedad de métodos experimentales. Uno de los métodos de mayor utilización es el método termométrico. Sin embargo, existe una brecha de conocimiento en relación con el planteamiento de análisis de datos. Por este motivo, en este estudio se analizó la viabilidad de utilizar diferentes planteamientos para el método termométrico. Para ello, se analizaron 20 fachadas y se plantearon 9 formulaciones diferentes utilizando aproximaciones para el coeficiente total de transferencia de calor existentes en la literatura científica. Asimismo, se evaluaron dos planteamientos de análisis de datos (media aritmética de las medidas instantáneas, y media del sumatorio del numerador y del denominador), así como el filtrado de datos necesario de aplicar. Los resultados permitieron determinar la configuración de análisis más adecuada para aplicar el método., To assess the thermal transmittance of facades is one of the most important steps in energy audit work. For this, there is a wide variety of experimental methods. One of the most widely used methods is the thermometric method. However, there is a knowledge gap in relation to the data analysis approach. For this reason, in this study the feasibility of using different approaches to the method was analyzed. To do this, 20 façades were analyzed and 9 different formulations were proposed using approximations for the total heat transfer coefficient of the scientific literature. Likewise, two approaches to data analysis were evaluated (arithmetic mean of the instantaneous measurements, and the sum of the numerator and the denominator), as well as the data filtering necessary to apply. The results allowed determining the most suitable analysis configuration to apply the method.

The Spanish Building Technical Code (CTE) sets that all new and restored buildings meeting its requirements have nearly zero energy consumption. This code is based on establishing limit values according to the climate zone. However, previous studies have shown both the existence of energy inequalities among regions and the limitations related to the direct application of these criteria. This work analyses the climate classification included in the CTE and presents a new climate classification methodology based on k-means. For this purpose, the region of Andalusia was chosen, and 8 case studies located in the 779 cities of the region were analysed. The analysis was performed in both the current scenario and future scenarios throughout the 21st century. The results showed the limitations related to the climate classification included in the CTE, greatly coinciding among the various zones and with high interquartile ranges in the energy demand distributions of each zone. By using the climate classification obtained with k-means, the new zones are independent of each other, with low interquartile ranges. Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad (Junta de Andalucía)

The reduction of fuel poverty is among the major challenges of countries, policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers. Many contributions have today emerged; however, two aspects should be widely considered. On the one hand, the use of strategies based on the reduction of energy consumption through the adaptive approach, and on the other hand, the impact of climate change on fuel poverty, particularly considering the recent representative concentration pathways (RCP). This paper addresses both issues in Andalusia, which is among the regions with the highest population ratio under poverty risk. For this purpose, 4 zones with possibilities of applying adaptive strategies were distinguished in the Andalusian geography, and 3 climate change scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5) were projected in each decade (from 2030 to 2100). A total of 6,528 cases of representative social housing, simulated in all scenarios, were parametrically studied. All data were assessed from the point of view of fuel poverty risk. The results showed that the adaptive strategies influence the reduction of fuel poverty, both in annual and monthly values. Moreover, the increase in fuel poverty cases because of global warming could be reduced by this approach in the four zones detected in Andalusia. © 2021 The Author(s)

One of the main modes of transmission and propagation of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is the direct contact with respiratory droplets transmitted among individuals at a certain distance. There are indoor spaces, such as dwellings, in which the transmission risk is high. This research aims to record and analyze risk close contacts in this scope, experimentally assessing the effectiveness of using electronic proximity warning sound devices or systems. For this purpose, the methodology is based on monitoring the location of the occupants of a dwelling. Then, the days in which a proximity warning sound system is installed and activated are compared to the days in which the system is not activated. The results stressed the significant reduction of time and number of close contacts among individuals when the warning was activated. Regarding the relation between the number and the duration of close contacts, together with the reductions mentioned, the possibility of making certain predictions based on the distributions obtained is proved. All this contributes to the progress in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission because of close contacts in dwellings.

This paper presents a study showing the benefits of the EfficientNet models compared with heavier Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in the Document Classification task, essential problem in the digitalization process of institutions. We show in the RVL-CDIP dataset that we can improve previous results with a much lighter model and present its transfer learning capabilities on a smaller in-domain dataset such as Tobacco3482. Moreover, we present an ensemble pipeline which is able to boost solely image input by combining image model predictions with the ones generated by BERT model on extracted text by OCR. We also show that the batch size can be effectively increased without hindering its accuracy so that the training process can be sped up by parallelizing throughout multiple GPUs, decreasing the computational time needed. Lastly, we expose the training performance differences between PyTorch and Tensorflow Deep Learning frameworks. This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund under contract TIN2015- 65316-P, by the BSC-CNS Severo Ochoa program SEV-2015-0493, and grant 2017-SGR-1414 by Generalitat de Catalunya and by the research agreement CaixaBank-BSC 2016-2021.

Maintaining the structure and ornaments of historical buildings is essential to preserve cultural heritage in any society. Thus, dating the state and the evolution of the elements requires a special treatment, including the application of both advanced numerical analysis and non-invasive data acquisition techniques. In the latter, making digital copies of geometries through 3D reconstruction models is of great interest to compare and analyse structural evolutionary data accurately. For this purpose, appropriate software with containers of information correlated to the parametric elements in a BIM environment should be used. However, it is imperative to advance from static to dynamic models to collect the structural transformations caused by both the pass of time and other factors. The methodology followed in this paper is based on the experimentation by creating digital twins. The portico of a courtyard in a historical building from the 18th century was used as test bed. Based on the bibliographical recommendations, the terrestrial laser scanner is applied as a technique to acquire accurate data. The point cloud is used as a referential auxiliary to survey the model in the BIM platform with the Revit software. To assess the quality of the model built and to analyse the structural deviations between the parametric model and the actual geometry, the Dynamo script is used. To validate the experimentation, structural deviations are measured using both the parametric model and the point cloud with CloudCompare, a software for data treatment. The results were very positive because the deviation between the data obtained by Dynamo© and CloudCompare in the most unfavourable construction unit was between 0.5 and 1.17 cm, so these techniques are highly appropriate to review visual records and to analyse structural deviations. This new approach presents a new gap in the 3D reconstruction to date and control architectural structures , particularly in historical buildings.

When an infrared thermography camera is used inside buildings, the characteristics of the place where the camera is used should be considered since results could be affected. For this reason, the development of methodologies is of great interest to know, as accurate as possible, whether these spaces have the appropriate conditions to use those cameras. The goal of this research is to establish the possibility of applying quality management methodologies, such as the Quality Function Deployment, very known and usually used in other scopes. Thus, the characteristics of enclosures belonging to medical emergency units in Spain were used as the object of experimentation given the importance of these services for society and the possibility of using directly useful technologies for diagnosis. After collecting the starting information based on references, the consultation to 21 experts, and the characteristics of these enclosures included in regulations, standards and recommendations in Spain, and also after applying the methodology mentioned above, the results showed that air conditioning (13.6/100), the thermal insulation of the room (11.9/100), windows (10.5/100), dimensions of spaces (10.2/100), and humidity (10.1/100) are the most influential factors. Within the scope of medical emergency services, those triage, consultation, examination, treatment, and observation rooms fulfilling what is specified by Spanish regulations, standards and recommendations obtained positive assessments (≥3/5) in most cases. It was therefore concluded that this methodology is of great interest to assess generally the suitability of indoor enclosures to use infrared thermography cameras, and regarding the specific case of the main enclosures of medical emergency services fulfilling with Spanish standards and recommendations, their characteristics make them suitable for using infrared thermography cameras, at least in relation to the fulfilment of basic conditions. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Residential buildings have considerable potential in terms of improving energy efficiency and the energy of HVAC systems. The European Commission has recognized this aspect since 2003, and has required countries to prepare specific regulations and legislation. In order to contribute to the thermal energy efficiency of typical residential buildings located on southern Spain and Portugal, a research team composed with members of Seville and Algarve Universities, is developing work to meet the 2020 targets and provide almost null energy consumption buildings. To do so, the use of HVAC systems should be minimized and preferably eliminated from the building. Both countries have to apply and respect their national regulations regarding energy efficiency, however, the scope goes far behind and it aims to produce real requirements to reduce the demand of energy on this type of buildings. Some solutions are presented hereby.

Barquín, J.,Alvarez-Martínez, J.M.,Jiménez-Alfaro, B.,García, D.I.,Vieites, D.,Serrano, E.,González-Díez, A.,Tejón, S.,De Luis Calabuig, E.,Taboada, Á.,Purroy, F.J.,Del Jesus, M.,Naves, J.,Fernández-Gil, A.,Serdio, Á.,Javier Lucio, A.,Suárez, R.,Araujo, J.

The main factor in energy savings is the thermal envelope of buildings, where energy losses or gains with the exterior occur. This work proposes a new methodology to detect the most significant sectors in energy transmission through infrared thermography and the thermal intensity assessment of each opaque area, building element or thermal bridge, taking into account different values of wind speed. Thermal intensity values are then compared with the corresponding thermal transmittance threshold given in the regulations for each country, depending on the climate area. This method provides a specific view of the building elements and of the overall envelope in terms of energy loss using thermal intensity instead of the traditional heat transfer analysis. It thus results in quantitative energy loss through the shell. The main goal of this work is to select building elements or zones of a thermal envelope according to their energy losses in order to avoid an indiscriminate intervention on the opaque parts of envelopes. This research is significant as few studies have analysed global energy losses in buildings, quantitatively evaluating the thermal intensity of all the components of the opaque parts of facades. This study also advances in analysing the influence of different wind speeds in facades in order to assess the thermal behaviour of buildings when quasi-steady condition is lost.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an infrequent, recurrent, and potentially lethal disorder caused by a deficiency of C(1) inhibitor or its activity. Abdominal pain secondary to bowel edema is common in these patients. However, a thorough literature search yielded only six previously reported cases of pancreatitis associated with this entity.

Colorectal lymphoma is an extremely infrequent entity, representing less than 0.5% of all primary colorectal neoplasms. Colorectal localization accounts for 15-20% of all gastrointestinal lymphomas, after the stomach and small intestine. Because the symptoms are non-specific, this disease is usually diagnosed in the advanced stages. Dawson's criteria are highly useful in the differential diagnosis between primary colorectal involvement and gastrointestinal tract involvement secondary to systemic lymphoma, which is important due to the distinct prognosis and treatment of these entities. We report the case of a B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that was difficult to diagnose and was treated with R-CHOP polychemotherapy. Outcome was poor.

Resumen Introduccion El objetivo principal de este estudio ha sido evaluar la eficacia de tacrolimus oral en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) moderada-grave luminal, principalmente corticorrefractaria. Los objetivos secundarios fueron evaluar los requerimientos de cirugia en el periodo de seguimiento, el porcentaje de pacientes en que se consiguio la suspension de la terapia corticoidea y analizar la seguridad del tratamiento. Pacientes y metodo Se incluyo a 19 pacientes. La indicacion mayoritaria fue la corticorrefractariedad. La duracion media del tratamiento con tacrolimus fue de 11 meses (rango, 3-13) y 15 meses (rango, 4-44) en pacientes con colitis ulcerosa y enfermedad de Crohn, respectivamente. Para evaluar los resultados se considero el porcentaje de pacientes que se encontraban en remision a las 4, 8 y 24 semanas desde el inicio del tratamiento, utilizando para ello indices de actividad clinicos (Truelove modificado y Harvey-Bradshaw) apoyados por reactantes de fase aguda (PCR Y VSG). Tambien se analizo la posibilidad de suspension de corticoides y la necesidad de cirugia. A su vez, se consideraron las medicaciones previas y concomitantes que habian sido utilizadas. Resultados De forma global, un 47, un 66 y un 41% de los pacientes presentan remision a las semanas 4, 8 y 24, respectivamente. Se consiguio retirar los esteroides en un 50% de los pacientes. Entre los pacientes a los que no se pudo retirar por completo el tratamiento esteroideo, se pudo reducir la dosificacion con una media de 12,5 mg de prednisona/dia (rango, 10-15). Preciso cirugia el 16% de los pacientes en un seguimiento medio de 38 meses. Presento efectos adversos el 63% de los pacientes, que no obligaron a la suspension del tratamiento en ningun caso, y mejoraron con la reduccion de la dosis. Conclusiones Tacrolimus oral puede ser una opcion util, de facil manejo, efectiva y segura en los pacientes con EII refractaria.

Un curso más, en la asignatura de Dibujo de Detalles Arquitectónicos de la Escuela Universitaria de Arquitectura Técnica de Sevilla, se ha pretendido trabajar sobre edificios y construcciones de última innovación y tecnología constructiva que se vienen realizando en el campo de la arquitectura e ingeniería.

Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressive drug that began to be used in the last few years. This drug was initially used in renal transplantation but its use in other solid organ transplantations such as liver, heart, lung and pancreas, has been increasing. Sirolimus is indicated in rescue therapies and to reduce the secondary toxic effects of calcineurin inhibitors. However, this drug has been associated with infrequent but severe pulmonary toxicity and cases of interstitial pneumonitis, bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, and alveolar proteinosis have been described. We present the case of a male liver transplant recipient who developed interstitial pneumonitis associated with sirolimus use.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an infrequent, recurrent, and potentially lethal disorder caused by a deficiency of C(1) inhibitor or its activity. Abdominal pain secondary to bowel edema is common in these patients. However, a thorough literature search yielded only six previously reported cases of pancreatitis associated with this entity.

Colorectal lymphoma is an extremely infrequent entity, representing less than 0.5% of all primary colorectal neoplasms. Colorectal localization accounts for 15-20% of all gastrointestinal lymphomas, after the stomach and small intestine. Because the symptoms are non-specific, this disease is usually diagnosed in the advanced stages. Dawson's criteria are highly useful in the differential diagnosis between primary colorectal involvement and gastrointestinal tract involvement secondary to systemic lymphoma, which is important due to the distinct prognosis and treatment of these entities. We report the case of a B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that was difficult to diagnose and was treated with R-CHOP polychemotherapy. Outcome was poor.

Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressive drug that began to be used in the last few years. This drug was initially used in renal transplantation but its use in other solid organ transplantations such as liver, heart, lung and pancreas, has been increasing. Sirolimus is indicated in rescue therapies and to reduce the secondary toxic effects of calcineurin inhibitors. However, this drug has been associated with infrequent but severe pulmonary toxicity and cases of interstitial pneumonitis, bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, and alveolar proteinosis have been described. We present the case of a male liver transplant recipient who developed interstitial pneumonitis associated with sirolimus use.

The primary endpoint of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral tacrolimus in patients with active moderate-to-severe luminal IBD, mainly those refractory to steroids. Secondary endpoints were surgery requirements during follow-up, the percentage of patients achieving steroid withdrawal, and treatment safety.Nineteen patients were included. The main indication for tacrolimus therapy was steroid resistance. The mean duration of treatment was 11 (range 3- 13) and 15 (range 4-44) months in patients with UC and CD, respectively. Remission was evaluated at weeks 4, 8 and 24 from the start of treatment, using the Harvey-Bradshaw index and the Truelove-Witts criteria for CD and UC patients, respectively, and acute- phase reactants (Serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein). Steroid withdrawal, need for surgery, and previous and concomitant medication were also evaluated.Overall, 47%, 66% and 41% of the patients were in complete remission at weeks 4, 8 and 24, respectively. Steroid withdrawal was achieved in 50% of the patients. Among patients who could not undergo complete steroid withdrawal, steroid therapy was reduced to a mean prednisone dose of 12.5 mg /day (range 10-15 mg). Surgery was required in 16% (mean follow-up of 38 months). Adverse effects occurred in 63% patients, who improved with dose reduction; none of the patients required tacrolimus withdrawal.Oral tacrolimus could be a safe, effective and useful option in patients with refractory IBD.

El ocasiones alumnos de Escuelas Universitarias de Arquitectura Técnica manifiestan su interés en desarrollar actividades docentes en la universidad.