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1. Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination to prevent febrile and respiratory illness in adults (BRACE): secondary outcomes of a randomised controlled phase 3 trialResearch in context

Author: Laure F. Pittet, Nicole L. Messina, Ellie McDonald, Francesca Orsini, Simone Barry, Marc Bonten, John Campbell, Julio Croda, Mariana G. Croda, Margareth Dalcolmo, Kaya Gardiner, Amanda Gwee, Bruno Jardim, Marcus V.G. Lacerda, Michaela Lucas, David J. Lynn, Laurens Manning, Kirsten P. Perrett, Jeffrey J. Post, Cristina Prat-Aymerich, Peter C. Richmond, Jorge L. Rocha, Jesus Rodriguez-Baño, Adilia Warris, Nicholas J. Wood, Andrew Davidson, Nigel Curtis, Tenaya Jamieson, Nicole Messina, Thilanka Morawakage, Susan Perlen, Kirsten Perrett, Laure Pittet, Amber Sastry, Jia Wei Teo, Katherine Lee, Cecilia Moore, Suzanna Vidmar, Rashida Ali, Ross Dunn, Peta Edler, Grace Gell, Casey Goodall, Richard Hall, Ann Krastev, Nathan La, Nick McPhate, Thao Nguyen, Jack Ren, Luke Stevens, Ahmed Alamrousi, Rhian Bonnici, Thanh Dang, Susie Germano, Jenny Hua, Rebecca McElroy, Monica Razmovska, Scott Reddiex, Xiaofang Wang, Jeremy Anderson, Kristy Azzopardi, Vicki Bennett-Wood, Anna Czajko, Nadia Mazarakis, Conor McCafferty, Frances Oppedisano, Belinda Ortika, Casey Pell, Leena Spry, Ryan Toh, Sunitha Velagapudi, Amanda Vlahos, Ashleigh Wee-Hee, Pedro Ramos, Karina De La Cruz, Dinusha Gamage, Anushka Karunanayake, Isabella Mezzetti, Benjamin Ong, Ronita Singh, Enoshini Sooriyarachchi, Suellen Nicholson, Natalie Cain, Rianne Brizuela, Han Huang, Veronica Abruzzo, Morgan Bealing, Patricia Bimboese, Kirsty Bowes, Emma Burrell, Joyce Chan, Jac Cushnahan, Hannah Elborough, Olivia Elkington, Kieran Fahey, Monique Fernandez, Catherine Flynn, Sarah Fowler, Marie Gentile Andrit, Bojana Gladanac, Catherine Hammond, Norine Ma, Sam Macalister, Emmah Milojevic, Jesutofunmi Mojeed, Jill Nguyen, Liz O'Donnell, Nadia Olivier, Isabelle Ooi, Stephanie Reynolds, Lisa Shen, Barb Sherry, Judith Spotswood, Jamie Wedderburn, Angela Younes, Donna Legge, Jason Bell, Jo Cheah, Annie Cobbledick, Kee Lim, Sonja Elia, Lynne Addlem, Anna Bourke, Clare Brophy, Nadine Henare, Narelle Jenkins, Francesca Machingaifa, Skye Miller, Kirsten Mitchell, Sigrid Pitkin, Kate Wall, Paola Villanueva, Nigel Crawford, Wendy Norton, Niki Tan, Thilakavathi Chengodu, Diane Dawson, Victoria Gordon, Tony Korman, Jess O'Bryan, Sophie Agius, Samantha Bannister, Jess Bucholc, Alison Burns, Beatriz Camesella, John Carlin, Marianna Ciaverella, Maxwell Curtis, Stephanie Firth, Christina Guo, Matthew Hannan, Erin Hill, Sri Joshi, Katherine Lieschke, Megan Mathers, Sasha Odoi, Ashleigh Rak, Chris Richards, Leah Steve, Carolyn Stewart, Eva Sudbury, Helen Thomson, Emma Watts, Fiona Williams, Angela Young, Penny Glenn, Andrew Kaynes, Amandine Philippart De Floy, Sandy Buchanan, Thijs Sondag, Ivy Xie, Harriet Edmund, Bridie Byrne, Tom Keeble, Belle Ngien, Fran Noonan, Michelle Wearing-Smith, Alison Clarke, Pemma Davies, Oliver Eastwood, Alric Ellinghaus, Rachid Ghieh, Zahra Hilton, Emma Jennings, Athina Kakkos, Iris Liang, Katie Nicol, Sally O'Callaghan, Helen Osman, Gowri Rajaram, Sophia Ratcliffe, Victoria Rayner, Ashleigh Salmon, Angela Scheppokat, Aimee Stevens, Rebekah Street, Nicholas Toogood, Nicholas Wood, Twinkle Bahaduri, Therese Baulman, Jennifer Byrne, Candace Carter, Mary Corbett, Aiken Dao, Maria Desylva, Andrew Dunn, Evangeline Gardiner, Rosemary Joyce, Rama Kandasamy, Craig Munns, Lisa Pelayo, Ketaki Sharma, Katrina Sterling, Caitlin Uren, Clinton Colaco, Mark Douglas, Kate Hamilton, Adam Bartlett, Brendan McMullan, Pamela Palasanthiran, Phoebe Williams, Justin Beardsley, Nikki Bergant, Renier Lagunday, Kristen Overton, Jeffrey Post, Yasmeen Al-Hindawi, Sarah Barney, Anthony Byrne, Lee Mead, Marshall Plit, David Lynn, Saoirse Benson, Stephen Blake, Rochelle Botten, Tee Yee Chern, Georgina Eden, Liddy Griffith, Jane James, Miriam Lynn, Angela Markow, Domenic Sacca, Natalie Stevens, Steve Wesselingh, Catriona Doran, Alice Sawka, Sue Evans, Louise Goodchild, Christine Heath, Meredith Krieg, Helen Marshall, Mark McMillan, Mary Walker, Peter Richmond, Nelly Amenyogbe, Christina Anthony, Annabelle Arnold, Beth Arrowsmith, Rym Ben-Othman, Sharon Clark, Jemma Dunnill, Nat Eiffler, Krist Ewe, Carolyn Finucane, Lorraine Flynn, Camille Gibson, Lucy Hartnell, Elysia Hollams, Heidi Hutton, Lance Jarvis, Jane Jones, Jan Jones, Karen Jones, Jennifer Kent, Tobias Kollmann, Debbie Lalich, Wenna Lee, Rachel Lim, Sonia McAlister, Fiona McDonald, Andrea Meehan, Asma Minhaj, Lisa Montgomery, Melissa O'Donnell, Jaslyn Ong, Joanne Ong, Kimberley Parkin, Glady Perez, Catherine Power, Shadie Rezazadeh, Holly Richmond, Sally Rogers, Nikki Schultz, Margaret Shave, Patrycja Skut, Lisa Stiglmayer, Alexandra Truelove, Ushma Wadia, Rachael Wallace, Justin Waring, Michelle England, Erin Latkovic, Susan Herrmann, Marcus Lacerda, Paulo Henrique Andrade, Fabiane Bianca Barbosa, Dayanne Barros, Larissa Brasil, Ana Greyce Capella, Ramon Castro, Erlane Costa, Dilcimar de Souza, Maianne Dias, José Dias, Klenilson Ferreira, Paula Figueiredo, Thamires Freitas, Ana Carolina Furtado, Larissa Gama, Vanessa Godinho, Cintia Gouy, Daniele Hinojosa, Tyane Jardim, Joel Junior, Augustto Lima, Bernardo Maia, Adriana Marins, Kelry Mazurega, Tercilene Medeiros, Rosangela Melo, Marinete Moraes, Elizandra Nascimento, Juliana Neves, Maria Gabriela Oliveira, Thais Oliveira, Ingrid Oliveira, Arthur Otsuka, Rayssa Paes, Handerson Pereira, Gabrielle Pereira, Christiane Prado, Evelyn Queiroz, Laleyska Rodrigues, Bebeto Rodrigues, Vanderson Sampaio, Anna Gabriela Santos, Daniel Santos, Tilza Santos, Evelyn Santos, Ariandra Sartim, Ana Beatriz Silva, Juliana Silva, Emanuelle Silva, Mariana Simão, Caroline Soares, Antonny Sousa, Alexandre Trindade, Fernando Val, Adria Vasconcelos, Heline Vasconcelos, Carolinne Abreu, Katya Martinez Almeida, Camila Bitencourt de Andrade, Jhenyfer Thalyta Campos Angelo, Ghislaine Gonçalvez de Araújo Arcanjo, Bianca Maria Silva Menezes Arruda, Wellyngthon Espindola Ayala, Adelita Agripina Refosco Barbosa, Felipe Zampieri Vieira Batista, Fabiani de Morais Batista, Miriam de Jesus Costa, Mariana Garcia Croda, Lais Alves da Cruz, Roberta Carolina Pereira Diogo, Rodrigo Cezar Dutra Escobar, Iara Rodrigues Fernandes, Leticia Ramires Figueiredo, Leandro Galdino Cavalcanti Gonçalves, Sarita Lahdo, Joyce dos Santos Lencina, Guilherme Teodoro de Lima, Bruna Tayara LEOPOLDINA MEIRELES, Debora Quadros Moreira, Lilian Batista Silva Muranaka, Adriely de Oliveira, Karla Regina Warszawski de Oliveira, Matheus Vieira de Oliveira, Roberto Dias de Oliveira, Andrea Antonia Souza de Almeida dos Reis Pereira, Marco Puga, Caroliny Veron Ramos, Thaynara Haynara Souza da Rosa, Karla Lopes dos Santos, Claudinalva Ribeiro dos Santos, Dyenyffer Stéffany Leopoldina dos Santos, Karina Marques Santos, Paulo César Pereira da Silva, Paulo Victor Rocha da Silva, Débora dos Santos Silva, Patricia Vieira da Silva, Bruno Freitas da Rosa Soares, Mariana Gazzoni Sperotto, Mariana Mayumi Tadokoro, Daniel Tsuha, Hugo Miguel Ramos Vieira, Margareth Maria Pretti Dalcolmo, Cíntia Maria Lopes Alves da Paixão, Gabriela Corrêa E Castro, Simone Silva Collopy, Renato da Costa Silva, Samyra Almeida da Silveira, Alda Maria Da-Cruz, Alessandra Maria da Silva Passos de Carvalho, Rita de Cássia Batista, Maria Luciana Silva De Freitas, Aline Gerhardt de Oliveira Ferreira, Ana Paula Conceição de Souza, Paola Cerbino Doblas, Ayla Alcoforado da Silva dos Santos, Vanessa Cristine de Moraes dos Santos, Dayane Alves dos Santos Gomes, Anderson Lage Fortunato, Adriano Gomes-Silva, Monique Pinto Gonçalves, Paulo Leandro Garcia Meireless Junior, Estela Martins da Costa Carvalho, Fernando do Couto Motta, Ligia Maria Olivo de Mendonça, Girlene dos Santos Pandine, Rosa Maria Plácido Pereira, Ivan Ramos Maia, Jorge Luiz da Rocha, João Victor Paiva Romano, Glauce dos Santos, Erica Fernandes da Silva, Marilda Agudo Mendonça Teixeira de Siqueira, Ágatha Cristinne Prudêncio Soares, Sandra Franch Arroyo, Henny Ophorst-den Besten, Anna Boon, Karin M. Brakke, Axel Janssen, Marijke A.H. Koopmans, Toos Lemmens, Titia Leurink, Engelien Septer-Bijleveld, Kimberly Stadhouders, Darren Troeman, Marije van der Waal, Marjoleine van Opdorp, Nicolette van Sluis, Beatrijs Wolters, Jan Kluytmans, Jannie Romme, Wouter van den Bijllaardt, Linda van Mook, M.M.L (Miranda) van Rijen, P.M.G. Filius, Jet Gisolf, Frances Greven, Danique Huijbens, Robert Jan Hassing, R.C. Pon, Lieke Preijers, J.H. van Leusen, Harald Verheij, Wim Boersma, Evelien Brans, Paul Kloeg, Kitty Molenaar-Groot, Nhat Khanh Nguyen, Nienke Paternotte, Anke Rol, Lida Stooper, Helga Dijkstra, Esther Eggenhuizen, Lucas Huijs, Simone Moorlag, Mihai Netea, Eva Pranger, Esther Taks, Jaap ten Oever, Rob ter Heine, Kitty Blauwendraat, Bob Meek, Isil Erkaya, Houda Harbech, Nienke Roescher, Rifka Peeters, Menno te Riele, Carmen Zhou, Esther Calbo, Cristina Badia Marti, Emma Triviño Palomares, Tomás Perez Porcuna, Anabel Barriocanal, Ana Maria Barriocanal, Irma Casas, Jose Dominguez, Maria Esteve, Alicia Lacoma, Irene Latorre, Gemma Molina, Barbara Molina, Antoni Rosell, Sandra Vidal, Lydia Barrera, Natalia Bustos, Ines Portillo Calderón, David Gutierrez Campos, Jose Manuel Carretero, Angel Dominguez Castellano, Renato Compagnone, Encarnacion Ramirez de Arellano, Almudena de la Serna, Maria Dolores del Toro Lopez, Marie-Alix Clement Espindola, Ana Belen Martin Gutierrez, Alvaro Pascual Hernandez, Virginia Palomo Jiménez, Elisa Moreno, Nicolas Navarrete, Teresa Rodriguez Paño, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Enriqueta Tristán, Maria Jose Rios Villegas, Atsegiñe Canga Garces, Erika Castro Amo, Raquel Coya Guerrero, Josune Goikoetxea, Leticia Jorge, Cristina Perez, María Carmen Fariñas Álvarez, Manuel Gutierrez Cuadra, Francisco Arnaiz de las Revillas Almajano, Pilar Bohedo Garcia, Teresa Giménez Poderos, Claudia González Rico, Blanca Sanchez, Olga Valero, Noelia Vega, Anna Barnes, Helen Catterick, Tim Cranston, Phoebe Dawe, Emily Fletcher, Liam Fouracre, Alison Gifford, Neil Gow, John Kirkwood, Christopher Martin, Amy McAnew, Marcus Mitchell, Georgina Newman, Abby O'Connell, Jakob Onysk, Lynne Quinn, Shelley Rhodes, Samuel Stone, Lorrie Symons, Harry Tripp, Darcy Watkins, Bethany Whale, Alex Harding, Gemma Lockhart, Kate Sidaway-Lee, Sam Hilton, Sarah Manton, Daniel Webber-Rookes, Rachel Winder, James Moore, Freya Bateman, Michael Gibbons, Bridget Knight, Julie Moss, Sarah Statton, Josephine Studham, Lydia Hall, Will Moyle, and Tamsin Venton
Subjects: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, Immunity, Heterologous, Health personnel, Randomised controlled trial, Primary prevention, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has off-target (non-specific) effects that are associated with protection against unrelated infections and decreased all-cause mortality in infants. We aimed to determine whether BCG vaccination prevents febrile and respiratory infections in adults. Methods: This randomised controlled phase 3 trial was done in 36 healthcare centres in Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Healthcare workers were randomised to receive BCG-Denmark (single 0.1 ml intradermal injection) or no BCG in a 1:1 ratio using a web-based procedure, stratified by stage, site, age, and presence of co-morbidity. The difference in occurrence of febrile or respiratory illness were measured over 12 months (prespecified secondary outcome) using the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04327206. Findings: Between March 30, 2020, and April 1, 2021, 6828 healthcare workers were randomised to BCG-Denmark (n = 3417) or control (n = 3411; no intervention or placebo) groups. The 12-month adjusted estimated risk of ≥1 episode of febrile or respiratory illness was 66.8% in the BCG group (95% CI 65.3%–68.2%), compared with 63.4% in the control group (95% CI 61.8%–65.0%), a difference of +3.4 percentage points (95% CI +1.3% to +5.5%; p 0.002). The adjusted estimated risk of a severe episode (defined as being incapacitated for ≥3 consecutive days or hospitalised) was 19.4% in the BCG group (95% CI 18.0%–20.7%), compared with 18.8% in the control group (95% CI 17.4%–20.2%) a difference of +0.6 percentage points (95% CI −1.3% to +2.5%; p 0.6). Both groups had a similar number of episodes of illness, pneumonia, and hospitalisation. There were three deaths, all in the control group. There were no safety concerns following BCG vaccination. Interpretation: In contrast to the beneficial off-target effects reported following neonatal BCG in infants, a small increased risk of symptomatic febrile or respiratory illness was observed in the 12 months following BCG vaccination in adults. There was no evidence of a difference in the risk of severe disease. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Minderoo Foundation, Sarah and Lachlan Murdoch, the Royal Children's Hospital Foundation, Health Services Union NSW, the Peter Sowerby Foundation, SA Health, the Insurance Advisernet Foundation, the NAB Foundation, the Calvert-Jones Foundation, the Modara Pines Charitable Foundation, the UHG Foundation Pty Ltd, Epworth Healthcare, the National Health and Medical Research Council, the Swiss National Science Foundation and individual donors.
Published: 2024
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2. Specific and off-target immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines—an exploratory sub-study of the BRACE trialResearch in context

Author: Nicole L. Messina, Susie Germano, Rebecca McElroy, Rhian Bonnici, Branka Grubor-Bauk, David J. Lynn, Ellie McDonald, Suellen Nicholson, Kirsten P. Perrett, Laure F. Pittet, Rajeev Rudraraju, Natalie E. Stevens, Kanta Subbarao, Nigel Curtis, Andrew Davidson, Kaya Gardiner, Amanda Gwee, Tenaya Jamieson, Nicole Messina, Thilanka Morawakage, Susan Perlen, Kirsten Perrett, Laure Pittet, Amber Sastry, Jia Wei Teo, Francesca Orsini, Katherine Lee, Cecilia Moore, Suzanna Vidmar, Rashida Ali, Ross Dunn, Peta Edler, Grace Gell, Casey Goodall, Richard Hall, Ann Krastev, Nathan La, Nick McPhate, Thao Nguyen, Jack Ren, Luke Stevens, Ahmed Alamrousi, Thanh Dang, Jenny Hua, Monica Razmovska, Scott Reddiex, Xiaofang Wang, Jeremy Anderson, Kristy Azzopardi, Vicki Bennett-Wood, Anna Czajko, Nadia Mazarakis, Conor McCafferty, Frances Oppedisano, Belinda Ortika, Casey Pell, Leena Spry, Ryan Toh, Sunitha Velagapudi, Amanda Vlahos, Ashleigh Wee-Hee, Pedro Ramos, Karina De La Cruz, Dinusha Gamage, Anushka Karunanayake, Isabella Mezzetti, Benjamin Ong, Ronita Singh, Enoshini Sooriyarachchi, Natalie Cain, Rianne Brizuela, Han Huang, Veronica Abruzzo, Morgan Bealing, Patricia Bimboese, Kirsty Bowes, Emma Burrell, Joyce Chan, Jac Cushnahan, Hannah Elborough, Olivia Elkington, Kieran Fahey, Monique Fernandez, Catherine Flynn, Sarah Fowler, Marie Gentile Andrit, Bojana Gladanac, Catherine Hammond, Norine Ma, Sam Macalister, Emmah Milojevic, Jesutofunmi Mojeed, Jill Nguyen, Liz O’Donnell, Nadia Olivier, Isabelle Ooi, Stephanie Reynolds, Lisa Shen, Barb Sherry, Judith Spotswood, Jamie Wedderburn, Angela Younes, Donna Legge, Jason Bell, Jo Cheah, Annie Cobbledick, Kee Lim, Sonja Elia, Lynne Addlem, Anna Bourke, Clare Brophy, Nadine Henare, Narelle Jenkins, Francesca Machingaifa, Skye Miller, Kirsten Mitchell, Sigrid Pitkin, Kate Wall, Paola Villanueva, Nigel Crawford, Wendy Norton, Niki Tan, Thilakavathi Chengodu, Diane Dawson, Victoria Gordon, Tony Korman, Jess O’Bryan, Sophie Agius, Samantha Bannister, Jess Bucholc, Alison Burns, Beatriz Camesella, John Carlin, Marianna Ciaverella, Maxwell Curtis, Stephanie Firth, Christina Guo, Matthew Hannan, Erin Hill, Sri Joshi, Katherine Lieschke, Megan Mathers, Sasha Odoi, Ashleigh Rak, Chris Richards, Leah Steve, Carolyn Stewart, Eva Sudbury, Helen Thomson, Emma Watts, Fiona Williams, Angela Young, Penny Glenn, Andrew Kaynes, Amandine Philippart De Floy, Sandy Buchanan, Thijs Sondag, Ivy Xie, Harriet Edmund, Bridie Byrne, Tom Keeble, Belle Ngien, Fran Noonan, Michelle Wearing-Smith, Alison Clarke, Pemma Davies, Oliver Eastwood, Alric Ellinghaus, Rachid Ghieh, Zahra Hilton, Emma Jennings, Athina Kakkos, Iris Liang, Katie Nicol, Sally O’Callaghan, Helen Osman, Gowri Rajaram, Sophia Ratcliffe, Victoria Rayner, Ashleigh Salmon, Angela Scheppokat, Aimee Stevens, Rebekah Street, Nicholas Toogood, Nicholas Wood, Twinkle Bahaduri, Therese Baulman, Jennifer Byrne, Candace Carter, Mary Corbett, Aiken Dao, Maria Desylva, Andrew Dunn, Evangeline Gardiner, Rosemary Joyce, Rama Kandasamy, Craig Munns, Lisa Pelayo, Ketaki Sharma, Katrina Sterling, Caitlin Uren, Clinton Colaco, Mark Douglas, Kate Hamilton, Adam Bartlett, Brendan McMullan, Pamela Palasanthiran, Phoebe Williams, Justin Beardsley, Nikki Bergant, Renier Lagunday, Kristen Overton, Jeffrey Post, Yasmeen Al-Hindawi, Sarah Barney, Anthony Byrne, Lee Mead, Marshall Plit, David Lynn, Saoirse Benson, Stephen Blake, Rochelle Botten, Tee Yee Chern, Georgina Eden, Liddy Griffith, Jane James, Miriam Lynn, Angela Markow, Domenic Sacca, Natalie Stevens, Steve Wesselingh, Catriona Doran, Simone Barry, Alice Sawka, Sue Evans, Louise Goodchild, Christine Heath, Meredith Krieg, Helen Marshall, Mark McMillan, Mary Walker, Peter Richmond, Nelly Amenyogbe, Christina Anthony, Annabelle Arnold, Beth Arrowsmith, Rym Ben-Othman, Sharon Clark, Jemma Dunnill, Nat Eiffler, Krist Ewe, Carolyn Finucane, Lorraine Flynn, Camille Gibson, Lucy Hartnell, Elysia Hollams, Heidi Hutton, Lance Jarvis, Jane Jones, Jan Jones, Karen Jones, Jennifer Kent, Tobias Kollmann, Debbie Lalich, Wenna Lee, Rachel Lim, Sonia McAlister, Fiona McDonald, Andrea Meehan, Asma Minhaj, Lisa Montgomery, Melissa O’Donnell, Jaslyn Ong, Joanne Ong, Kimberley Parkin, Glady Perez, Catherine Power, Shadie Rezazadeh, Holly Richmond, Sally Rogers, Nikki Schultz, Margaret Shave, Patrycja Skut, Lisa Stiglmayer, Alexandra Truelove, Ushma Wadia, Rachael Wallace, Justin Waring, Michelle England, Erin Latkovic, Laurens Manning, Susan Herrmann, Michaela Lucas, Marcus Lacerda, Paulo Henrique Andrade, Fabiane Bianca Barbosa, Dayanne Barros, Larissa Brasil, Ana Greyce Capella, Ramon Castro, Erlane Costa, Dilcimar de Souza, Maianne Dias, José Dias, Klenilson Ferreira, Paula Figueiredo, Thamires Freitas, Ana Carolina Furtado, Larissa Gama, Vanessa Godinho, Cintia Gouy, Daniele Hinojosa, Bruno Jardim, Tyane Jardim, Joel Junior, Augustto Lima, Bernardo Maia, Adriana Marins, Kelry Mazurega, Tercilene Medeiros, Rosangela Melo, Marinete Moraes, Elizandra Nascimento, Juliana Neves, Maria Gabriela Oliveira, Thais Oliveira, Ingrid Oliveira, Arthur Otsuka, Rayssa Paes, Handerson Pereira, Gabrielle Pereira, Christiane Prado, Evelyn Queiroz, Laleyska Rodrigues, Bebeto Rodrigues, Vanderson Sampaio, Anna Gabriela Santos, Daniel Santos, Tilza Santos, Evelyn Santos, Ariandra Sartim, Ana Beatriz Silva, Juliana Silva, Emanuelle Silva, Mariana Simão, Caroline Soares, Antonny Sousa, Alexandre Trindade, Fernando Val, Adria Vasconcelos, Heline Vasconcelos, Julio Croda, Carolinne Abreu, Katya Martinez Almeida, Camila Bitencourt de Andrade, Jhenyfer Thalyta Campos Angelo, Ghislaine Gonçalvez de Araújo Arcanjo, Bianca Maria Silva Menezes Arruda, Wellyngthon Espindola Ayala, Adelita Agripina Refosco Barbosa, Felipe Zampieri Vieira Batista, Fabiani de Morais Batista, Miriam de Jesus Costa, Mariana Garcia Croda, Lais Alves da Cruz, Roberta Carolina Pereira Diogo, Rodrigo Cezar Dutra Escobar, Iara Rodrigues Fernandes, Leticia Ramires Figueiredo, Leandro Galdino Cavalcanti Gonçalves, Sarita Lahdo, Joyce dos Santos Lencina, Guilherme Teodoro de Lima, Larissa Santos Matos, Bruna Tayara Leopoldina Meireles, Debora Quadros Moreira, Lilian Batista Silva Muranaka, Adriely de Oliveira, Karla Regina Warszawski de Oliveira, Matheus Vieira de Oliveira, Roberto Dias de Oliveira, Andrea Antonia Souza de Almeida dos Reis Pereira, Marco Puga, Caroliny Veron Ramos, Thaynara Haynara Souza da Rosa, Karla Lopes dos Santos, Claudinalva Ribeiro dos Santos, Dyenyffer Stéffany Leopoldina dos Santos, Karina Marques Santos, Paulo César Pereira da Silva, Paulo Victor Rocha da Silva, Débora dos Santos Silva, Patricia Vieira da Silva, Bruno Freitas da Rosa Soares, Mariana Gazzoni Sperotto, Mariana Mayumi Tadokoro, Daniel Tsuha, Hugo Miguel Ramos Vieira, Margareth Maria Pretti Dalcolmo, Cíntia Maria Lopes Alves da Paixão, Gabriela Corrêa E Castro, Simone Silva Collopy, Renato da Costa Silva, Samyra Almeida da Silveira, Alda Maria Da-Cruz, Alessandra Maria da Silva Passos de Carvalho, Rita de Cássia Batista, Maria Luciana Silva De Freitas, Aline Gerhardt de Oliveira Ferreira, Ana Paula Conceição de Souza, Paola Cerbino Doblas, Ayla Alcoforado da Silva dos Santos, Vanessa Cristine de Moraes dos Santos, Dayane Alves dos Santos Gomes, Anderson Lage Fortunato, Adriano Gomes-Silva, Monique Pinto Gonçalves, Paulo Leandro Garcia Meireless Junior, Estela Martins da Costa Carvalho, Fernando do Couto Motta, Ligia Maria Olivo de Mendonça, Girlene dos Santos Pandine, Rosa Maria Plácido Pereira, Ivan Ramos Maia, Jorge Luiz da Rocha, João Victor Paiva Romano, Glauce dos Santos, Erica Fernandes da Silva, Marilda Agudo Mendonça Teixeira de Siqueira, Ágatha Cristinne Prudêncio Soares, Marc Bonten, Sandra Franch Arroyo, Henny Ophorst-den Besten, Anna Boon, Karin M. Brakke, Axel Janssen, Marijke A.H. Koopmans, Toos Lemmens, Titia Leurink, Cristina Prat-Aymerich, Engelien Septer-Bijleveld, Kimberly Stadhouders, Darren Troeman, Marije van der Waal, Marjoleine van Opdorp, Nicolette van Sluis, Beatrijs Wolters, Jan Kluytmans, Jannie Romme, Wouter van den Bijllaardt, Linda van Mook, M.M.L (Miranda) van Rijen, Margreet Filius, Jet Gisolf, Frances Greven, Danique Huijbens, Robert Jan Hassing, Roos Pon, Lieke Preijers, Joke van Leusen, Harald Verheij, Wim Boersma, Evelien Brans, Paul Kloeg, Kitty Molenaar-Groot, Nhat Khanh Nguyen, Nienke Paternotte, Anke Rol, Lida Stooper, Helga Dijkstra, Esther Eggenhuizen, Lucas Huijs, Simone Moorlag, Mihai Netea, Eva Pranger, Esther Taks, Jaap ten Oever, Rob ter Heine, Kitty Blauwendraat, Bob Meek, Isil Erkaya, Houda Harbech, Nienke Roescher, Rifka Peeters, Menno te Riele, Carmen Zhou, Esther Calbo, Cristina Badia Marti, Emma Triviño Palomares, Tomás Perez Porcuna, Anabel Barriocanal, Ana Maria Barriocanal, Irma Casas, Jose Dominguez, Maria Esteve, Alicia Lacoma, Irene Latorre, Gemma Molina, Barbara Molina, Antoni Rosell, Sandra Vidal, Lydia Barrera, Natalia Bustos, Ines Portillo Calderón, David Gutierrez Campos, Jose Manuel Carretero, Angel Dominguez Castellano, Renato Compagnone, Encarnacion Ramirez de Arellano, Almudena de la Serna, Maria Dolores del Toro Lopez, Marie-Alix Clement Espindola, Ana Belen Martin Gutierrez, Alvaro Pascual Hernandez, Virginia Palomo Jiménez, Elisa Moreno, Nicolas Navarrete, Teresa Rodriguez Paño, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Enriqueta Tristán, Maria Jose Rios Villegas, Atsegiñe Canga Garces, Erika Castro Amo, Raquel Coya Guerrero, Josune Goikoetxea, Leticia Jorge, Cristina Perez, María Carmen Fariñas Álvarez, Manuel Gutierrez Cuadra, Francisco Arnaiz de las Revillas Almajano, Pilar Bohedo Garcia, Teresa Giménez Poderos, Claudia González Rico, Blanca Sanchez, Olga Valero, Noelia Vega, John Campbell, Anna Barnes, Helen Catterick, Tim Cranston, Phoebe Dawe, Emily Fletcher, Liam Fouracre, Alison Gifford, John Kirkwood, Christopher Martin, Amy McAnew, Marcus Mitchell, Georgina Newman, Abby O’Connell, Jakob Onysk, Lynne Quinn, Shelley Rhodes, Samuel Stone, Lorrie Symons, Harry Tripp, Adilia Warris, Darcy Watkins, Bethany Whale, Alex Harding, Gemma Lockhart, Kate Sidaway-Lee, Sam Hilton, Sarah Manton, Daniel Webber-Rookes, Rachel Winder, James Moore, Freya Bateman, Michael Gibbons, Bridget Knight, Julie Moss, Sarah Statton, Josephine Studham, Lydia Hall, Will Moyle, and Tamsin Venton
Subjects: Vaccine, Off-target, Immunoregulation, Cytokine, SARS-CoV-2, Heterologous immunity, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid development and deployment of several highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies suggest that these vaccines may also have off-target effects on the immune system. We sought to determine and compare the off-target effects of the adenovirus vector ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and modified mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines on immune responses to unrelated pathogens. Methods: Prospective sub-study within the BRACE trial. Blood samples were collected from 284 healthcare workers before and 28 days after ChAdOx1-S or BNT162b2 vaccination. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were measured using ELISA, and whole blood cytokine responses to specific (SARS-CoV-2) and unrelated pathogen stimulation were measured by multiplex bead array. Findings: Both vaccines induced robust SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody and cytokine responses. ChAdOx1-S vaccination increased cytokine responses to heat-killed (HK) Candida albicans and HK Staphylococcus aureus and decreased cytokine responses to HK Escherichia coli and BCG. BNT162b2 vaccination decreased cytokine response to HK E. coli and had variable effects on cytokine responses to BCG and resiquimod (R848). After the second vaccine dose, BNT162b2 recipients had greater specific and off-target cytokine responses than ChAdOx1-S recipients. Interpretation: ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines alter cytokine responses to unrelated pathogens, indicative of potential off-target effects. The specific and off-target effects of these vaccines differ in their magnitude and breadth. The clinical relevance of these findings is uncertain and needs further study. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council, Swiss National Science Foundation and the Melbourne Children’s. BRACE trial funding is detailed in acknowledgements.
Published: 2024
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3. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination for protection against recurrent herpes labialis: a nested randomised controlled trialResearch in context

Author: Laure F. Pittet, Cecilia L. Moore, Ellie McDonald, Simone Barry, Marc Bonten, John Campbell, Julio Croda, Margareth Dalcolmo, Andrew Davidson, Mark W. Douglas, Kaya Gardiner, Amanda Gwee, Bruno Jardim, Marcus V.G. Lacerda, Michaela Lucas, David J. Lynn, Laurens Manning, Roberto D. de Oliveira, Kirsten P. Perrett, Cristina Prat-Aymerich, Peter C. Richmond, Jorge L. Rocha, Jesus Rodriguez-Baño, Adilia Warris, Nicholas J. Wood, Nicole L. Messina, Nigel Curtis, Tenaya Jamieson, Nicole Messina, Thilanka Morawakage, Susan Perlen, Kirsten Perrett, Laure Pittet, Amber Sastry, Jia Wei Teo, Francesca Orsini, Katherine Lee, Cecilia Moore, Suzanna Vidmar, Rashida Ali, Ross Dunn, Peta Edler, Grace Gell, Casey Goodall, Richard Hall, Ann Krastev, Nathan La, Nick McPhate, Thao Nguyen, Jack Ren, Luke Stevens, Ahmed Alamrousi, Rhian Bonnici, Thanh Dang, Susie Germano, Jenny Hua, Rebecca McElroy, Monica Razmovska, Scott Reddiex, Xiaofang Wang, Jeremy Anderson, Kristy Azzopardi, Vicki Bennett-Wood, Anna Czajko, Nadia Mazarakis, Conor McCafferty, Frances Oppedisano, Belinda Ortika, Casey Pell, Leena Spry, Ryan Toh, Sunitha Velagapudi, Amanda Vlahos, Ashleigh Wee-Hee, Pedro Ramos, Karina De La Cruz, Dinusha Gamage, Anushka Karunanayake, Isabella Mezzetti, Benjamin Ong, Ronita Singh, Enoshini Sooriyarachchi, Suellen Nicholson, Natalie Cain, Rianne Brizuela, Han Huang, Veronica Abruzzo, Morgan Bealing, Patricia Bimboese, Kirsty Bowes, Emma Burrell, Joyce Chan, Jac Cushnahan, Hannah Elborough, Olivia Elkington, Kieran Fahey, Monique Fernandez, Catherine Flynn, Sarah Fowler, Marie Gentile Andrit, Bojana Gladanac, Catherine Hammond, Norine Ma, Sam Macalister, Emmah Milojevic, Jesutofunmi Mojeed, Jill Nguyen, Liz O'Donnell, Nadia Olivier, Isabelle Ooi, Stephanie Reynolds, Lisa Shen, Barb Sherry, Judith Spotswood, Jamie Wedderburn, Angela Younes, Donna Legge, Jason Bell, Jo Cheah, Annie Cobbledick, Kee Lim, Sonja Elia, Lynne Addlem, Anna Bourke, Clare Brophy, Nadine Henare, Narelle Jenkins, Francesca Machingaifa, Skye Miller, Kirsten Mitchell, Sigrid Pitkin, Kate Wall, Paola Villanueva, Nigel Crawford, Wendy Norton, Niki Tan, Thilakavathi Chengodu, Diane Dawson, Victoria Gordon, Tony Korman, Jess O'Bryan, Sophie Agius, Samantha Bannister, Jess Bucholc, Alison Burns, Beatriz Camesella, John Carlin, Marianna Ciaverella, Maxwell Curtis, Stephanie Firth, Christina Guo, Matthew Hannan, Erin Hill, Sri Joshi, Katherine Lieschke, Megan Mathers, Sasha Odoi, Ashleigh Rak, Chris Richards, Leah Steve, Carolyn Stewart, Eva Sudbury, Helen Thomson, Emma Watts, Fiona Williams, Angela Young, Penny Glenn, Andrew Kaynes, Amandine Philippart De Floy, Sandy Buchanan, Thijs Sondag, Ivy Xie, Harriet Edmund, Bridie Byrne, Tom Keeble, Belle Ngien, Fran Noonan, Michelle Wearing-Smith, Alison Clarke, Pemma Davies, Oliver Eastwood, Alric Ellinghaus, Rachid Ghieh, Zahra Hilton, Emma Jennings, Athina Kakkos, Iris Liang, Katie Nicol, Sally O'Callaghan, Helen Osman, Gowri Rajaram, Sophia Ratcliffe, Victoria Rayner, Ashleigh Salmon, Angela Scheppokat, Aimee Stevens, Rebekah Street, Nicholas Toogood, Nicholas Wood, Twinkle Bahaduri, Therese Baulman, Jennifer Byrne, Candace Carter, Mary Corbett, Aiken Dao, Maria Desylva, Andrew Dunn, Evangeline Gardiner, Rosemary Joyce, Rama Kandasamy, Craig Munns, Lisa Pelayo, Ketaki Sharma, Katrina Sterling, Caitlin Uren, Clinton Colaco, Mark Douglas, Kate Hamilton, Adam Bartlett, Brendan McMullan, Pamela Palasanthiran, Phoebe Williams, Justin Beardsley, Nikki Bergant, Renier Lagunday, Kristen Overton, Jeffrey Post, Yasmeen Al-Hindawi, Sarah Barney, Anthony Byrne, Lee Mead, Marshall Plit, David Lynn, Saoirse Benson, Stephen Blake, Rochelle Botten, Tee Yee Chern, Georgina Eden, Liddy Griffith, Jane James, Miriam Lynn, Angela Markow, Domenic Sacca, Natalie Stevens, Steve Wesselingh, Catriona Doran, Alice Sawka, Sue Evans, Louise Goodchild, Christine Heath, Meredith Krieg, Helen Marshall, Mark McMillan, Mary Walker, Peter Richmond, Nelly Amenyogbe, Christina Anthony, Annabelle Arnold, Beth Arrowsmith, Rym Ben-Othman, Sharon Clark, Jemma Dunnill, Nat Eiffler, Krist Ewe, Carolyn Finucane, Lorraine Flynn, Camille Gibson, Lucy Hartnell, Elysia Hollams, Heidi Hutton, Lance Jarvis, Jane Jones, Jan Jones, Karen Jones, Jennifer Kent, Tobias Kollmann, Debbie Lalich, Wenna Lee, Rachel Lim, Sonia McAlister, Fiona McDonald, Andrea Meehan, Asma Minhaj, Lisa Montgomery, Melissa O'Donnell, Jaslyn Ong, Joanne Ong, Kimberley Parkin, Glady Perez, Catherine Power, Shadie Rezazadeh, Holly Richmond, Sally Rogers, Nikki Schultz, Margaret Shave, Patrycja Skut, Lisa Stiglmayer, Alexandra Truelove, Ushma Wadia, Rachael Wallace, Justin Waring, Michelle England, Erin Latkovic, Susan Herrmann, Marcus Lacerda, Paulo Henrique Andrade, Fabiane Bianca Barbosa, Dayanne Barros, Larissa Brasil, Ana Greyce Capella, Ramon Castro, Erlane Costa, Dilcimar de Souza, Maianne Dias, José Dias, Klenilson Ferreira, Paula Figueiredo, Thamires Freitas, Ana Carolina Furtado, Larissa Gama, Vanessa Godinho, Cintia Gouy, Daniele Hinojosa, Tyane Jardim, Joel Junior, Augustto Lima, Bernardo Maia, Adriana Marins, Kelry Mazurega, Tercilene Medeiros, Rosangela Melo, Marinete Moraes, Elizandra Nascimento, Juliana Neves, Maria Gabriela Oliveira, Thais Oliveira, Ingrid Oliveira, Arthur Otsuka, Rayssa Paes, Handerson Pereira, Gabrielle Pereira, Christiane Prado, Evelyn Queiroz, Laleyska Rodrigues, Bebeto Rodrigues, Vanderson Sampaio, Anna Gabriela Santos, Daniel Santos, Tilza Santos, Evelyn Santos, Ariandra Sartim, Ana Beatriz Silva, Juliana Silva, Emanuelle Silva, Mariana Simão, Caroline Soares, Antonny Sousa, Alexandre Trindade, Fernando Val, Adria Vasconcelos, Heline Vasconcelos, Carolinne Abreu, Katya Martinez Almeida, Camila Bitencourt de Andrade, Jhenyfer Thalyta Campos Angelo, Ghislaine Gonçalvez de Araújo Arcanjo, Bianca Maria Silva Menezes Arruda, Wellyngthon Espindola Ayala, Adelita Agripina Refosco Barbosa, Felipe Zampieri Vieira Batista, Fabiani de Morais Batista, Miriam de Jesus Costa, Mariana Garcia Croda, Lais Alves da Cruz, Roberta Carolina Pereira Diogo, Rodrigo Cezar Dutra Escobar, Iara Rodrigues Fernandes, Leticia Ramires Figueiredo, Leandro Galdino Cavalcanti Gonçalves, Sarita Lahdo, Joyce dos Santos Lencina, Guilherme Teodoro de Lima, Larissa Santos Matos, Bruna Tayara Leopoldina Meireles, Debora Quadros Moreira, Lilian Batista Silva Muranaka, Adriely de Oliveira, Karla Regina Warszawski de Oliveira, Matheus Vieira de Oliveira, Roberto Dias de Oliveira, Andrea Antonia Souza de Almeida dos Reis Pereira, Marco Puga, Caroliny Veron Ramos, Thaynara Haynara Souza da Rosa, Karla Lopes dos Santos, Claudinalva Ribeiro dos Santos, Dyenyffer Stéffany Leopoldina dos Santos, Karina Marques Santos, Paulo César Pereira da Silva, Paulo Victor Rocha da Silva, Débora dos Santos Silva, Patricia Vieira da Silva, Bruno Freitas da Rosa Soares, Mariana Gazzoni Sperotto, Mariana Mayumi Tadokoro, Daniel Tsuha, Hugo Miguel Ramos Vieira, Margareth Maria Pretti Dalcolmo, Cíntia Maria Lopes Alves da Paixão, Gabriela Corrêa E Castro, Simone Silva Collopy, Renato da Costa Silva, Samyra Almeida da Silveira, Alda Maria Da-Cruz, Alessandra Maria da Silva Passos de Carvalho, Rita de Cássia Batista, Maria Luciana Silva De Freitas, Aline Gerhardt de Oliveira Ferreira, Ana Paula Conceição de Souza, Paola Cerbino Doblas, Ayla Alcoforado da Silva dos Santos, Vanessa Cristine de Moraes dos Santos, Dayane Alves dos Santos Gomes, Anderson Lage Fortunato, Adriano Gomes-Silva, Monique Pinto Gonçalves, Paulo Leandro Garcia Meireless Junior, Estela Martins da Costa Carvalho, Fernando do Couto Motta, Ligia Maria Olivo de Mendonça, Girlene dos Santos Pandine, Rosa Maria Plácido Pereira, Ivan Ramos Maia, Jorge Luiz da Rocha, João Victor Paiva Romano, Glauce dos Santos, Erica Fernandes da Silva, Marilda Agudo Mendonça Teixeira de Siqueira, Ágatha Cristinne Prudêncio Soares, Sandra Franch Arroyo, Henny Ophorst-den Besten, Anna Boon, Karin M. Brakke, Axel Janssen, Marijke A.H. Koopmans, Toos Lemmens, Titia Leurink, Engelien Septer-Bijleveld, Kimberly Stadhouders, Darren Troeman, Marije van der Waal, Marjoleine van Opdorp, Nicolette van Sluis, Beatrijs Wolters, Jan Kluytmans, Jannie Romme, Wouter van den Bijllaardt, Linda van Mook, M.M.L (Miranda) van Rijen, P.M.G. Filius, Jet Gisolf, Frances Greven, Danique Huijbens, Robert Jan Hassing, R.C. Pon, Lieke Preijers, J.H. van Leusen, Harald Verheij, Wim Boersma, Evelien Brans, Paul Kloeg, Kitty Molenaar-Groot, Nhat Khanh Nguyen, Nienke Paternotte, Anke Rol, Lida Stooper, Helga Dijkstra, Esther Eggenhuizen, Lucas Huijs, Simone Moorlag, Mihai Netea, Eva Pranger, Esther Taks, Jaap ten Oever, Rob ter Heine, Kitty Blauwendraat, Bob Meek, Isil Erkaya, Houda Harbech, Nienke Roescher, Rifka Peeters, Menno te Riele, Carmen Zhou, Esther Calbo, Cristina Badia Marti, Emma Triviño Palomares, Tomás Perez Porcuna, Anabel Barriocanal, Ana Maria Barriocanal, Irma Casas, Jose Dominguez, Maria Esteve, Alicia Lacoma, Irene Latorre, Gemma Molina, Barbara Molina, Antoni Rosell, Sandra Vidal, Lydia Barrera, Natalia Bustos, Ines Portillo Calderón, David Gutierrez Campos, Jose Manuel Carretero, Angel Dominguez Castellano, Renato Compagnone, Encarnacion Ramirez de Arellano, Almudena de la Serna, Maria Dolores del Toro Lopez, Marie-Alix Clement Espindola, Ana Belen Martin Gutierrez, Alvaro Pascual Hernandez, Virginia Palomo Jiménez, Elisa Moreno, Nicolas Navarrete, Teresa Rodriguez Paño, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Enriqueta Tristán, Maria Jose Rios Villegas, Atsegiñe Canga Garces, Erika Castro Amo, Raquel Coya Guerrero, Josune Goikoetxea, Leticia Jorge, Cristina Perez, María Carmen Fariñas Álvarez, Manuel Gutierrez Cuadra, Francisco Arnaiz de las Revillas Almajano, Pilar Bohedo Garcia, Teresa Giménez Poderos, Claudia González Rico, Blanca Sanchez, Olga Valero, Noelia Vega, Anna Barnes, Helen Catterick, Tim Cranston, Phoebe Dawe, Emily Fletcher, Liam Fouracre, Alison Gifford, John Kirkwood, Christopher Martin, Amy McAnew, Marcus Mitchell, Georgina Newman, Abby O'Connell, Jakob Onysk, Lynne Quinn, Shelley Rhodes, Samuel Stone, Lorrie Symons, Harry Tripp, Darcy Watkins, Bethany Whale, Alex Harding, Gemma Lockhart, Kate Sidaway-Lee, Sam Hilton, Sarah Manton, Daniel Webber-Rookes, Rachel Winder, James Moore, Freya Bateman, Michael Gibbons, Bridget Knight, Julie Moss, Sarah Statton, Josephine Studham, Lydia Hall, Will Moyle, and Tamsin Venton
Subjects: Herpes simplex virus, Cold sore, Herpes labialis, Bacille Calmette-Guérin, Mycobacterium bovis, Prevention, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: Recurrences of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the orofacial region (herpes labialis or cold sores) impact quality-of-life. We aimed to study whether the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can attenuate cold sore recurrences through off-target immunomodulatory effects. Methods: In this nested randomised controlled trial within the multicentre, phase 3 BRACE trial, 6828 healthcare workers were randomised in 36 sites in Australia, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Brazil, to receive BCG-Denmark or no BCG (1:1 ratio using a web-based procedure) and followed for 12 months with 3-monthly questionnaires. Exclusion criteria included contraindication to BCG vaccine or previous vaccination with BCG within the past year, any other live-attenuated vaccine within the last month, or any COVID-specific vaccine. The intervention group received one intradermal dose of 0.1 mL of BCG-Denmark corresponding to 2−8 x 105 colony forming units of Mycobacterium bovis, Danish strain 1331. The primary outcome was the difference in restricted mean survival time (i.e., time to first cold-sore recurrence), in participants with frequent recurrent herpes labialis (≥4 recurrences/year), analysed by intention-to-treat. Secondary outcomes addressed additional questions, including analyses in other sub-populations. Adverse events were monitored closely during the first 3 months and were reported in all participants who received one dose of study drug according to intervention received. The BRACE trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04327206. Findings: Between March 30, 2020 and February 18, 2021, 84 individuals with frequent recurrent cold sores were randomly assigned to BCG (n = 38) or control (n = 46). The average time to first cold-sore recurrence was 1.55 months longer in the BCG group (95% CI 0.27–2.82, p = 0.02) than the control group (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.32–0.91; intention-to-treat). The beneficial effect of BCG was greater in the as-treated population (difference 1.91 months, 95% CI 0.69–3.12, p = 0.003; hazard ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.26–0.76). In prespecified subgroup analyses, only sex modified the treatment effect (interaction p = 0.007), with benefit restricted to males. Over 12 months, a greater proportion of participants in the BCG group compared with the control group reported a decrease in duration (61% vs 21%), severity (74% vs 21%), frequency (55% vs 21%), and impact on quality of life (42% vs 15%) of cold sore recurrences. In participants who had ever had a cold sore, there was also a decrease in self-reported burden of recurrences in the BCG group. In participants who had never had a cold sore, there was an increased risk of a first episode in the BCG group (risk difference 1.4%; 95% CI 0.3–2.6%, p = 0.02). There were no safety concerns. Interpretation: BCG-Denmark vaccination had a beneficial effect on herpes labialis, particularly in males with frequent recurrences, but may increase the risk of a first cold sore. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Minderoo Foundation, Sarah and Lachlan Murdoch, the Royal Children's Hospital Foundation, Health Services Union NSW, the Peter Sowerby Foundation, SA Health, the Insurance Advisernet Foundation, the NAB Foundation, the Calvert-Jones Foundation, the Modara Pines Charitable Foundation, the UHG Foundation Pty Ltd, Epworth Healthcare, and individual donors.
Published: 2023
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4. BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in healthcare workers: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial (BRACE trial)

Author: Donna Legge, Katherine J Lee, Rachel Dixon, Amanda Gwee, Nigel Curtis, Helen Marshall, Fiona McDonald, Nick Evans, Adam Finn, Mark McMillan, Peter Richmond, Joyce Chan, John Carlin, Anthony Byrne, Helen Thomson, Richard Hall, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Robert Harrison, Kirsten P Perrett, Michaela Lucas, Sue Evans, Melissa O’Donnell, Justin Waring, Andrew Davidson, Heidi Hutton, Laure F Pittet, Jan Kluytmans, Ana Maria Barriocanal, Emily Fletcher, James Moore, John Campbell, Kate Sidaway-Lee, Alex Harding, Katherine Lee, David Paterson, Juliana Silva, Michael Gibbons, Denise Faustman, Nicole L Messina, Kaya Gardiner, Frank Shann, Veronica Abruzzo, Susie Germano, Laurens Manning, Justin Beardsley, Jason Bell, Francesca Orsini, Jeremy Anderson, Kim Mulholland, Andrew Dunn, Jeffrey Post, Catherine Flynn, Clare Seamark, Andrew Steer, Sigrid Pitkin, Emma Watts, Carlos Garcia, Kristen Overton, Daniel Santos, Christina Guo, Antoni Rosell, Sarah Fowler, Richard Malley, Nicholas J Wood, Wim Boersma, Kanta Subbarao, Karen Jones, Chris Richards, Nigel Crawford, Adilia Warris, Mary Corbett, Pamela Palasanthiran, Cristina Pérez, Esther Calbo, Shelley Rhodes, Brendan McMullan, Jane Jones, Wendy Norton, Luke Stevens, Craig F Munns, Louise Goodchild, Mary Walker, Bridget Knight, Thilanka Morawakage, Josune Goikoetxea, Teresa Rodrigues, Nienke Roescher, David Seamark, Jorge Rocha, Stephanie Reynolds, Lynne Quinn, Harry Tripp, Tobias R Kollmann, Marc Bonten, Steve Wesselingh, Irene Latorre, Maria Esteve, Kate Hamilton, Angela Young, Cristina Prat-Aymerich, NICK WOOD, RAMÓN CASTRO, Ruth Warren, Christopher Martin, Diane Dawson, Lorrie Symons, Ann Krastev, Ellie McDonald, Claudia González Rico, Ester Valls, Julio Croda, Tobias Kollmann, Victoria Gordon, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda, Jennifer Kent, Samantha Bannister, Margareth Dalcolmo, Sonja Elia, Casey Goodall, Tenaya Jamieson, Bruno Jardim, David J Lynn, Cristina Prat Aymerich, Eva Sudbury, Paola Villanueva, Katherine Lieschke, Carolinne Abreu, Lynne Addlem, Sophie Agius, Adelita Agripina Barbosa, Ahmed Alamrousi, Ayla Alcoforado Santos, Yasmeen Al-Hindawi, Samyra Almeida Da Silveira, Lais Alves Cruz, Christina Anthony, Andrea Antonia Pereira, Francisco Arnaiz Almajano, Annabelle Arnold, Beth Arrowsmith, Kristy Azzopardi, Cristina Badia Marti, Twinkle Bahaduri, Sarah Barney, Lydia Barrera, Anabel Barriocanal, Dayanne Barros, Adam Bartlett, Lilian Muranaka, Therese Baulman, Morgan Bealing, Ana Belen Gutierrez, Vicki Bennett-Wood, Nikki Bergant, Fabiane Bianca Barbosa, Wouter Bijllaardt, Patricia Bimboese, Camila Bitencourt Andrade, Kitty Blauwendraat, Pilar Bohedo Garcia, Rhian Bonnici, Anne Boon, Anna Bourke, Kirsty Bowes, Larissa Brasil, Clare Brophy, Sandy Buchanan, Jess Bucholc, Alison Burns, Emma Burrell, Natalia Bustos, Bridie Byrne, Jorge Calvo Montes, Beatriz Camesella, Atsegiñe Cangas, Maria Carmen Roque, Roberta Carolina Diogo, Estela Carvalho, Irma Casas, Erika Castro, Helen Catterick, Rodrigo Cezar Escobar, Jo Cheah, Thilakavathi Chengodu, Marianna Ciaverella, Sharon Clark, Marie-Alix Clement Espindola, Annie Cobbledick, Clinton Colaco, Simone Collopy, Patricia Comella, Gabriela Correa Castro, Erlane Costa, Raquel Coya, Alda Cruz, Jac Cushnahan, Anna Czajko, Renato da Silva, Bouchra Daitiri, Karen Dalton, Aiken Dao, Phoebe Dawe, Miriam Jesus Costa, Karina De La Cruz, Almudena de Serna, Fabiani de Morais Batista, Adriely de Oliveira, Rocio del Rey Morillo, Maria Desylva, Helga Dijkstra, Maria Dolores Lopez, Jose Dominguez, Angel Dominguez Castellano, Glauce Dos Santos, Joyce Santos Lencina, Débora Santos Silva, Mark Douglas, Ross Dunn, Jemma Dunnill, Harriet Edmund, Nat Eiffler, Hannah Elborough, Olivia Elkington, Michelle England, Wellyngthon Espindola Ayala, Krist Ewe, María Carmen Álvarez, Kieran Fahey, Jill Fairweather, Erica Fernandes Silva, Monique Fernandez, Galina Fidler, P.M.G. Filius, Carolyn Finucane, Stephanie Firth, Lorraine Flynn, Liam Fouracre, Thamires Freitas, Ana Carolina Furtado, Maria Gabriela Oliveira, Anna Gabriela Santos, Leandro Galdino Gonçalves, Laura Galletta, Larissa Gama, Dinusha Gamage, Radhika Ganpat, Mariana Garcia Croda, Evangeline Gardiner, Grace Gell, Aline Gerhardt Oliveira, Camille Gibson, Alison Gifford, Teresa Giménez Poderos, Ann Ginsberg, Jet Gisolf, Bojana Gladanac, Penny Glenn, Vanessa Godinho, Mayara Góes Santos, Telma Goldenberg, Adriano Gomes, Susana Gonzalez Marcos, Frances Greven, Ana Greyce Capella, David Gutierrez Campos, Manuel Gutierrez Cuadra, Lydia Hall, Matthew Hannan, Houda Harbech, Neil Haker, Robert Jan Hassing, Thaynara Haynara Rosa, Zaheerah Haywood, Nadine Henare, Paulo Henrique Andrade, Susan Herrmann, Erin Hill, Sam Hilton, Danique Huijbens, Axel Janssen, Tyane Jardim, Lance Jarvis, Narelle Jenkins, Jan Jones, Leticia Jorge, Maria Jose Vilegas, Sri Joshi, Rosemary Joyce, Joel Junior, Rama Kandasamy, Anushka Karunanayake, Hana Karuppasamy, Tom Keeble, Paul Kloeg, Tony Korman, Nathan La, Marcus Lacerda, Alicia Lacoma, Renier Lagunday, Debbie Lalich, Erin Latkovic, Paulo Leandro Junior, Toos Lemmers, Titia Leurink, Kee Lim, Gemma Lockhart, Cíntia Lopes Bogéa, Karla Lopes Santos, Reyes Lopez Marques, Maria Luciana Freitas, Norine Ma, Sam Macalister, Cristiane Machado, Matheus Machado Ramos, Francesca Machingaifa, Ivan Maia, Bernardo Maia, Sarah Manton, Jose Manuel Carrerero, Cíntia Maria Alves, Rosa Maria Pereira, Bianca Maria Arruda, Adriana Marins, Katya Martinez Almeida, Wayne Mather, Megan Mathers, Fábio Mauricio Gomes, Mariana Mayumi Tadokoro, Nadia Mazarakis, Kelry Mazurega, Sonia McAlister, Amy McAndrews, Rebecca McElroy, Nick McPhate, Lee Mead, Andrea Meehan, Bob Meek, Rosangela Melo, Guillermo Mena, Daniella Mesquita, Nicole Messina, Isabella Mezzetti, Hugo Miguel Vieira, Skye Miller, Kirsten Mitchell, Marcus Mitchell, Jesutofunmi Mojeed, Kitty Molenaar, Gemma Molina, Barbara Molina, Lisa Montgomery, Cecilia Moore, Simone Moorlag, Julie Moss, Will Moyle, Craig Munns, Elizandra Nascimento, Nicolas Navarrette, Mihai Netea, Juliana Neves, Georgina Newman, Belle Ngien, Jill Nguyen, Khanh Nguyen, Fran Noonan, Jess O’Bryan, Abby O’Connell, Sasha Odoi, Liz O’Donnell, Roberto Oliveira, Marilena Oliveira, Thais Oliveira, Ingrid Oliveira, Nadia Olivier, Ligia Olivio, Benjamin Ong, Jaslyn Ong, Joanne Ong, Jakob Onysk, Isabelle Ooi, Frances Oppedisano, Belinda Ortika, Orygen Group, Arthur Otsuka, Rosie Owens, Rayssa Paes, Virginia Palomo Jiménez, Girlene Pandine, Kimberley Parkin, Alvaro Pascual Hernandez, Nienke Paternotte, Ana Paula Souza, Lisa Pelayo, Casey Pell, Sille Pelser, Handerson Pereira, Gabrielle Pereira, Glady Perez, Tomás Perez Porcuna, Susan Perlen, Kirsten Perrett, Amandine Philippart Floy, Laure Pittet, R.C. Pon, Ines Portillo Calderón, Catherine Power, Christiane Prado, Endriaen Prajitno, Lieke Preijers, Marco Puga, Evelyn Queiroz, Ashleigh Rak, Leticia Ramires Figueiredo, Encarnacion Ramirez de Arellano, Pedro Ramos, Karla Regina Oliveira, Jack Ren, Claudinalva Ribeiro Santos, Holly Richmond, Ana Rita Souza, Laleyska Rodrigues, Bebeto Rodrigues, Iara Rodrigues Fernandes, Sally Rogers, Anke Rol, Jannie Romme, Maria Roser Font, Sonia Sallent, Vanderson Sampaio, Nuria Sanchez, Blanca Sanchez, Tilza Santos, Ariandra Sartim, Amber Sastry, Alice Sawka, Nikki Schultz, Engelien Septer-Bijleveld, Raquel Serrano, Ketaki Sharma, Margaret Shave, Lisa Shen, Adrian Siles Baena, Rafaela Silva, Emanuelle Silva, Mariana Simão, Ronita Singh, Marilda Siqueira, Marciléia Soares Chaves, Thijs Sondag, Enoshini Sooriyarachchi, Antonny Sousa, Leena Spry, Sarah Statton, Dyenyffer Stéffany Santos, Katrina Sterling, Leah Steve, Carolyn Stewart, Lisa Stiglmayer, Lida Stooper, Josephine Studham, Astrid Suiker, Esther Taks, Niki Tan, Bruna Tayara Meireles, Menno te Riele, Jaap ten Oever, Guilherme Teodoro Lima, Jhenyfer Thalyta Angelo, Ryan Toh, Alexandre Trindade, Enriqueta Tristán, Darren Troeman, Alexandra Truelove, Daniel Tsuha, Marlot Uffing, Fernando Val, Olga Valero, Chantal van Ven, Leo Van Heuvel, Sigrid van Veen, Marije van Waal, J.H. van Leusen, Linda van Mook, H. van Onzenoort, Marjoleine van Opdorp, Miranda van Rijen, Nicolette van Sluis, Adria Vasconcelos, Noelia Vega, Sunitha Velagapudi, Louise Vennells, Tamsin Venton, Harald Verheij, P.M. Verhoeven, Caroliny Veron Ramos, Paulo Victor Silva, Sandra Vidal, Patricia Vieira, Matheus Vieira Oliveira, Rosario Vigo Ortega, Raquel Villar, Amanda Vlahos, Ushma Wadia, Kate Wall, Rachael Wallace, Michelle Wearing-Smith, Daniel Webber-Rookes, Jamie Wedderburn, Ashleigh Wee-Hee, Jia Wei Teo, Bethany Whale, Phoebe Williams, Beatrijs Wolters, Ivy Xie, Angela Younes, Felipe Zampieri Batista, Carmen Zhou, Vivian Zwart, Simone Barry, Saoirse Benson, Stephen Blake, Rochelle Botten, Tee Yee Chern, Catriona Doran, Georgina Eden, Liddy Griffith, Christine Heath, Jane James, Meredith Krieg, David Lynn, Miriam Lynn, Angela Markow, Domenic Sacca, Natalie Stevens, and Rob ter Heine
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Introduction BCG vaccination modulates immune responses to unrelated pathogens. This off-target effect could reduce the impact of emerging pathogens. As a readily available, inexpensive intervention that has a well-established safety profile, BCG is a good candidate for protecting healthcare workers (HCWs) and other vulnerable groups against COVID-19.Methods and analysis This international multicentre phase III randomised controlled trial aims to determine if BCG vaccination reduces the incidence of symptomatic and severe COVID-19 at 6 months (co-primary outcomes) compared with no BCG vaccination. We plan to randomise 10 078 HCWs from Australia, The Netherlands, Spain, the UK and Brazil in a 1:1 ratio to BCG vaccination or no BCG (control group). The participants will be followed for 1 year with questionnaires and collection of blood samples. For any episode of illness, clinical details will be collected daily, and the participant will be tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The secondary objectives are to determine if BCG vaccination reduces the rate, incidence, and severity of any febrile or respiratory illness (including SARS-CoV-2), as well as work absenteeism. The safety of BCG vaccination in HCWs will also be evaluated. Immunological analyses will assess changes in the immune system following vaccination, and identify factors associated with susceptibility to or protection against SARS-CoV-2 and other infections.Ethics and dissemination Ethical and governance approval will be obtained from participating sites. Results will be published in peer-reviewed open-access journals. The final cleaned and locked database will be deposited in a data sharing repository archiving system.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04327206
Published: 2021
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5. Skin Deep

Author: Painter, David Lynn, primary, Vierrether, Tanja, additional, and Guimaraes, Camilla L., additional
Published: 2024
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6. Selection in molecular evolution

Author: Abel, David Lynn
Published: 2024
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7. Setback distances as a conservation tool in wildlife-human interactions: testing their efficacy for birds affected by vehicles on open-coast sandy beaches.

Author: Thomas A Schlacher, Michael A Weston, David Lynn, and Rod M Connolly
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In some wilderness areas, wildlife encounter vehicles disrupt their behaviour and habitat use. Changing driver behaviour has been proposed where bans on vehicle use are politically unpalatable, but the efficacy of vehicle setbacks and reduced speeds remains largely untested. We characterised bird-vehicle encounters in terms of driver behaviour and the disturbance caused to birds, and tested whether spatial buffers or lower speeds reduced bird escape responses on open beaches. Focal observations showed that: i) most drivers did not create sizeable buffers between their vehicles and birds; ii) bird disturbance was frequent; and iii) predictors of probability of flushing (escape) were setback distance and vehicle type (buses flushed birds at higher rates than cars). Experiments demonstrated that substantial reductions in bird escape responses required buffers to be wide (> 25 m) and vehicle speeds to be slow (< 30 km h⁻¹). Setback distances can reduce impacts on wildlife, provided that they are carefully designed and derived from empirical evidence. No speed or distance combination we tested, however, eliminated bird responses. Thus, while buffers reduce response rates, they are likely to be much less effective than vehicle-free zones (i.e. beach closures), and rely on changes to current driver behaviour.
Published: 2013
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8. Looking for landmarks: the role of expert review and bibliometric analysis in evaluating scientific publication outputs.

Author: Liz Allen, Ceri Jones, Kevin Dolby, David Lynn, and Mark Walport
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare expert assessment with bibliometric indicators as tools to assess the quality and importance of scientific research papers. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Shortly after their publication in 2005, the quality and importance of a cohort of nearly 700 Wellcome Trust (WT) associated research papers were assessed by expert reviewers; each paper was reviewed by two WT expert reviewers. After 3 years, we compared this initial assessment with other measures of paper impact. RESULTS: Shortly after publication, 62 (9%) of the 687 research papers were determined to describe at least a 'major addition to knowledge' -6 were thought to be 'landmark' papers. At an aggregate level, after 3 years, there was a strong positive association between expert assessment and impact as measured by number of citations and F1000 rating. However, there were some important exceptions indicating that bibliometric measures may not be sufficient in isolation as measures of research quality and importance, and especially not for assessing single papers or small groups of research publications. CONCLUSION: When attempting to assess the quality and importance of research papers, we found that sole reliance on bibliometric indicators would have led us to miss papers containing important results as judged by expert review. In particular, some papers that were highly rated by experts were not highly cited during the first three years after publication. Tools that link expert peer reviews of research paper quality and importance to more quantitative indicators, such as citation analysis would be valuable additions to the field of research assessment and evaluation.
Published: 2009
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9. Framing esports' JEDI issues: a case study in media irresponsibility

Author: Painter, David Lynn and Sahm, Brittani
Published: 2023
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10. Community Engagement in the Liberal Arts: How Service Hours and Reflections Influence Course Value

Author: Painter, David Lynn and Howell, Courtney
Abstract: Background: In response to critics' charges that the liberal arts lack practical value, most colleges have incorporated service-learning in their curricula. Ideally, these service-learning activities not only benefit the community but also enhance the course's (a) pedagogical effectiveness as well as the students' (b) civic engagement and (c) professional development. Purpose: This investigation uses a survey to measure the extent to which service-learning in community engagement courses at a liberal arts college achieved these three outcomes. Methodology/Approach: Specifically, we parsed the influence of service hours and reflection activities on 740 students' ratings of pedagogical effectiveness, civic engagement, and professional development. Findings/Conclusions: The results suggest students in community engagement courses that included at least 15 service hours and three different types of reflections reported significantly greater outcome achievement than those with fewer hours or reflections. Moreover, class discussions and individual conversations were rated the most effective types of reflection activities. Implications: Based on these findings, we provide some best practice suggestions for service hours and reflection activities in liberal arts community engagement courses.
Published: 2020
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11. Framing sports' corporate social responsibility: US women's vs men's soccer leagues

Author: Painter, David Lynn, Sahm, Brittani, and Schattschneider, Paul
Published: 2022
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12. Managing the Message, from Fake News to Filter Bubbles

Author: Painter, David Lynn, primary and Pratap, Raghabendra KC, additional
Published: 2022
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13. "The Big Lie": How Fact Checking Influences Support for Insurrection.

Author: Painter, David Lynn and Fernandes, Juliana
Subjects: *UNITED States presidential election, 2020, *FACT checking, *CORRUPT practices in elections, *UNITED States Capitol Insurrection, 2021, UNITED States presidential elections
Abstract: This experimental investigation explores the influence of election fraud fact-checking and cognitive processing styles on participants' confidence in the 2020 U.S. presidential election's legitimacy and characterizations of the January Sixth Capitol Hill Attack. The results indicate fact-checking, accuracy motivated reasoning, and systematic processing exerted positive effects on participants' legitimacy levels, especially among Republicans. We also found that participants' systematic processing, affiliation with the Democratic Party, and negative attitudes toward Donald Trump were associated with their characterizations of the January Sixth Capitol Hill Attack as violent and extreme. Overall, these results support both motivated reasoning and dual process models, but partisan motivated reasoning exerted the greatest effects. Further, these findings suggest Republican and pro-Trump participants who rely on heuristic processing may find violent, extra-political actions acceptable means of attempting to achieve their goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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14. Instagram

Author: Gilliard, Debora, primary, Baalbaki-Yassine, Sally, additional, and Hoffman, David Lynn, additional
Published: 2023
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15. Why is Abiogenesis Such a Tough Nut to Crack?

Author: Abel, David Lynn, primary
Published: 2023
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16. External Validation of the Radiographic Investigation of the Distal Extension of Fractures into the Articular Surface of the Tibia (RIDEFAST Study)

Author: Rane, Ajinkya, Jacobson, Lance Glen, Kellam, Patrick, Marchand, Lucas Scott, Working, Zachary, Steimle, Jerrod A, Higgins, Thomas F, Rothberg, David Lynn, Weber, Timothy G, and Haller, Justin
Published: 2021
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17. Framing esports' JEDI issues: a case study in media irresponsibility

Author: David Lynn Painter and Brittani Sahm
Subjects: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Industrial relations
Abstract: PurposeThis investigation analyzes Asian, European and North American coverage of esports' justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) issues as a case study of media organizations' communications on these topics.Design/methodology/approachThis quantitative content analysis describes coverage of esports' race, gender, age and social class issues to draw inferences about media organizations' abilities to meet the organizations' social responsibilities when reporting on organizational JEDI issues.FindingsThere were significant differences across continents; however, most stories only mentioned gender and age, seldom noting esports' race or social class issues.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough all stories analyzed were published in English, the findings extend research suggesting culture may shape the tones, frames and salience of social justice issues in the media.Practical implicationsJEDI issues were not the most prominent topic in at least 80% of the coverage, indicating the normative framework guiding professional journalism since the Cold War fails to guide responsible engagement with contemporary social justice issues.Originality/valueAs one of the first studies analyzing media coverage of organizational JEDI issues, the results of this content analysis (N = 763) provide a quantitative basis for a critique of media organizations' social responsibility when reporting on these issues.
Published: 2023

18. Campaign Advertising in Florida’s 2014 Gubernatorial Election: Candidate Images, Voter Enthusiasm, and Partisanship

Author: Painter, David Lynn, Vizcarrondo, Tom, Hendricks, John Allen, editor, and Schill, Dan, editor
Published: 2016
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19. Great Britain: Revolution or Gradualism for the CPGB?

Author: Price, David Lynn, primary
Published: 2019
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20. Arm-ECG Bipolar Leads Signal Recovery Methods for Wearable Long-term Heart Rate and Rhythm Monitoring.

Author: William David Lynn, Omar Escalona, Pedro R. Vizcaya, and David J. McEneaney
Published: 2017
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21. From disaster to resilience: Managing the reconstruction of Queensland's regional road network (1047)

Author: Mastering Complex Projects Conference (2014 : Melbourne, Vic.), Jacobs, David Mathlin, and Jacobs, David Lynn
Published: 2014

22. Online political public relations and trust: Source and interactivity effects in the 2012 U.S. presidential campaign

Author: Painter, David Lynn
Published: 2015
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23. The Verbal Tone of the 2016 Presidential Primaries

Author: Painter, David Lynn, primary and Rizzo, Katherine, additional
Published: 2017
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24. Decoding Optical Responses of Contact-Printed Arrays of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals Using Machine Learning: Detection and Reporting of Aqueous Amphiphiles with Enhanced Sensitivity and Selectivity

Author: Fengrui Wang, Shiyi Qin, Claribel Acevedo-Velez, Reid Van Lehn, Victor Zavala, and David Lynn
Abstract: Surfactants and other amphiphilic molecules are used extensively in household products, industrial processes, and biological applications, and are also common environmental contaminants; as such, methods that can detect, sense, or quantify them are of great practical relevance. Aqueous emulsions of thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs) can exhibit distinctive optical responses in the presence of surfactants and have thus emerged as sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive sensors or reporters of environmental amphiphiles. However, many existing LC-in-water emulsions require the use of complicated or expensive instrumentation for quantitative characterization, owing to variations in optical responses among individual LC droplets. In many cases, the responses of LC droplets are also analyzed by human inspection, which can miss subtle color or topological changes encoded in LC birefringence patterns. Here, we report an LC-based surfactant sensing platform that takes a step toward addressing several of these issues and can reliably predict concentrations and types of model surfactants in aqueous solutions. Our approach uses surface-immobilized, microcontact printed arrays of micrometer-scale droplets of thermotropic LCs and hierarchical convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automatically extract and decode rich information about topological defects and color patterns available in optical micrographs of LC droplets to classify and quantify adsorbed surfactants. In addition, we report computational capabilities to determine relevant optical features extracted by the CNN from LC micrographs, which can provide insights on surfactant adsorption phenomena at LC-water interfaces. Overall, the combination of microcontact-printed LC arrays and machine learning provides a convenient and robust platform that could prove useful for developing high-throughput sensors for on-site testing of environmentally or biologically relevant amphiphiles.
Published: 2023

25. They’re Not Just Words: The Verbal Style of U.S. Presidential Debate Rhetoric

Author: David Lynn Painter and Juliana Fernandes
Subjects: Politics, Primary election, Presidential system, Communication, Political science, media_common.quotation_subject, General election, Rhetoric, Media studies, Diction, Style (sociolinguistics), media_common
Abstract: Televised U.S. presidential debates are the most-watched, if not the most-researched, political events in history. While prior studies have largely focused on general election contests, this longit...
Published: 2021

26. External Validation of the Radiographic Investigation of the Distal Extension of Fractures Into the Articular Surface of the Tibia (RIDEFAST Study)

Author: Ajinkya Rane, Lance Glen Jacobson, Patrick Kellam, Lucas Scott Marchand, Zachary M. Working, Jerrod A. Steimle, Thomas F. Higgins, David Lynn Rothberg, Timothy G. Weber, and Justin Haller
Subjects: Intra-Articular Fractures, Tibia, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Radiography, Trauma center, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Confidence interval, Tibial Fractures, External validity, Fracture Fixation, Internal, Cohort, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, business, Nuclear medicine, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To test the external validity of the fracture to plafond (FTP-length of fracture/distance to plafond) ratio to rule out distal intra-articular fractures (DIA) in distal tibial shaft fractures at an independent tertiary trauma center. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Two Level 1 trauma centers. PATIENTS Two hundred seventeen patients with a distal tibial shaft fracture in the model cohort and 146 patients in the validation cohort. INTERVENTION Radiographic measurements to calculate FTP ratio. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Calibration plots, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and decision curve analyses to evaluate the external validity of FTP ratio to determine DIA. RESULTS The AUC for the anteroposterior (AP) FTP ratio was 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-0.88] in the model data set and 0.86 (95% CI 0.80-0.91) in the validation data set. The AUC for the lateral FTP ratio was 0.82 (95% CI 0.77-0.87) in the model data set and 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.88) in the validation data set. The previously established AP FTP cutoff ratio of 0.61 had a 94% negative predictive value in the model cohort and a 100% negative predictive value in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION The FTP ratio is an effective and externally validated screening tool to rule out DIA in distal tibia shaft fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Published: 2021

27. Framing sports' corporate social responsibility: US women's vs men's soccer leagues

Author: Brittani Sahm, David Lynn Painter, and Paul Schattschneider
Subjects: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 0508 media and communications, Framing (social sciences), 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, Industrial relations, Corporate social responsibility, 050801 communication & media studies, Gender studies, Sociology, League, 050212 sport, leisure & tourism
Abstract: PurposeThis investigation's purpose is to compare coverage of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) behaviors of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) and Major League Soccer (MLS). The goals are (1) to extend CSR analyses beyond organizational reports and (2) to compare coverage of professional sports teams' CSR behaviors across genders.Design/methodology/approachSpecifically, this quantitative content analysis compared local newspaper coverage of the socially responsible behaviors of the three NWSL and MLS teams owned and operated by the same organizations in Portland, Houston and Orlando.FindingsThe NWSL teams received significantly less and more negative coverage than the MLS teams. Moreover, the NWSL coverage was more individualistic, more focused on ethics and quoted individual team players more frequently, while the MLS coverage was more collective, focused on philanthropy and quoted team organization members more frequently.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough intentionally based on a sample of six teams, this study's results suggest the biases in coverage of women's sports teams extend beyond the playing field to their corporate social responsibility behaviors, reporting and news coverage.Originality/valueAs one of the first studies to analyze media coverage of professional sports team's CSR activities and to compare their socially responsible behaviors across genders, the results provide compelling implications for CSR scholars and practitioners, especially in the sports industry.
Published: 2021

28. Uses and Gratifications of Online Information Sources: Political Information Efficacy and the Effects of Interactivity

Author: Painter, David Lynn
Abstract: There are two distinct purposes to this investigation: to develop the predictive power of the theory of political information efficacy and to determine how exposure to political information formats on the Internet under distinctly different interactive conditions affects cognitive and affective processes. Examined in the first section of this inquiry, then, are the relationships among information efficacy and political interest, knowledge, participation, and party affiliation. Second, the differential effects of exposure to news websites or social network sites and three levels of interactivity on young adults' political attitudes and learning levels in the context of the 2010 gubernatorial campaign in Florida are explored. Grounded in the uses and gratifications theoretical framework, the results suggest that political information efficacy predicts levels of political interest, knowledge, and party affiliation. Further, exposure to online political information sources also has significant effects on young adults' levels of political information efficacy, issue and image learning, and candidate evaluations. Specifically, exposure to both online political information sources results in significantly higher levels of political information efficacy; exposure to news web sites results in differentially significant issue learning; exposure to social network sites results in both differentially significant candidate image learning and evaluations. The implications of young citizens' social orientation toward news consumption and preference for using social network sites as portals for political information seeking are also explored. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
Published: 2011

29. “The Big Lie”: How Fact Checking Influences Support for Insurrection

Author: Painter, David Lynn, primary and Fernandes, Juliana, additional
Published: 2022
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30. Community Engagement in the Liberal Arts: How Service Hours and Reflections Influence Course Value

Author: Courtney Howell and David Lynn Painter
Subjects: Value (ethics), Service (business), Liberal arts education, Community engagement, Value judgment, Professional development, Pedagogy, Service-learning, Sociology, Curriculum, Education
Abstract: Background: In response to critics’ charges that the liberal arts lack practical value, most colleges have incorporated service-learning in their curricula. Ideally, these service-learning activities not only benefit the community but also enhance the course’s (a) pedagogical effectiveness as well as the students’ (b) civic engagement and (c) professional development. Purpose: This investigation uses a survey to measure the extent to which service-learning in community engagement courses at a liberal arts college achieved these three outcomes. Methodology/Approach: Specifically, we parsed the influence of service hours and reflection activities on 740 students’ ratings of pedagogical effectiveness, civic engagement, and professional development. Findings/Conclusions: The results suggest students in community engagement courses that included at least 15 service hours and three different types of reflections reported significantly greater outcome achievement than those with fewer hours or reflections. Moreover, class discussions and individual conversations were rated the most effective types of reflection activities. Implications: Based on these findings, we provide some best practice suggestions for service hours and reflection activities in liberal arts community engagement courses.
Published: 2020

31. Erratum to: Search for diboson resonances in hadronic final states in 139 fb−1 of pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author: M. Franklin, Philippe Calfayan, Ioannis Manthos, P. van Gemmeren, Martin Sykora, Gabriel John Facini, Michel Janus, Francesco Giuseppe Gravili, Valerio Bortolotto, Dirk Duschinger, Nico Giangiacomi, Laurent Serin, Edgar Kellermann, Andrew Chisholm, Kaushik De, Damir Duvnjak, Georgios Iakovidis, Daniela Boerner, Albert Olariu, Mikhail Demichev, Samuel Dysch, Valerio D'Amico, Marcelo Vogel, A. Ezhilov, Libor Nozka, A. Onofre, Jan Stark, Ingo Bloch, L. A. M. Wiik-Fuchs, Henry Lubatti, Marta Maria Perego, E. Yu. Soldatov, Raquel Pezoa, Louis D'eramo, Niklaus Lehmann, K. O. H. Vadla, Lidia Smirnova, Laurent Chevalier, Tetiana Hryn'ova, Louie Corpe, Kerstin Jon-And, Yanjun Tu, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Daniel Guest, Tairan Xu, Giuseppe Lerner, Michael Ughetto, Milos Lokajicek, Mariusz Przybycien, Michael Andrew Parker, Tyler James Burch, Y. Kulchitsky, Liang Guan, Elias Michael Ruttinger, Calin Alexa, Fabrizio Napolitano, Y. Zhang, Stephanie Majewski, Ulrich Parzefall, M. Ziolkowski, Scott Snyder, Brian Moser, Carlos Lacasta, Masaya Ishino, R. Goncalves Gama, Amanda Steinhebel, Vincent Garonne, Sandro Palestini, Robert Les, Oleg Brandt, Didier Alexandre, J. Llorente Merino, Tingting Cao, Remi Lafaye, N. L. Abraham, Radim Slovak, B. R. Mellado Garcia, Johannes Erdmann, Sara Ghasemi, Naim Bora Atlay, H. Zhang, Philippe Mermod, Alexander Sakharov, Joseph Haley, Thorben Swirski, F. Wang, Michel Vetterli, Heidi Sandaker, Sten Hellman, Steve Muanza, Alexis Roger Louis Vallier, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, Dimitrios Sampsonidis, R. Teixeira De Lima, Imma Riu, Rebecca Anne Linck, J. Manjarres Ramos, W. K. Di Clemente, Daniil Ponomarenko, Krzysztof Ciesla, Tomas Sykora, Valery Schegelsky, Sabrina Groh, Filip Nechansky, J. Chudoba, Fabian Wilk, Kevin Hildebrand, Bostjan Macek, L. Pedraza Diaz, A. Cueto, Y. Amaral Coutinho, Francesco Guescini, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, Michela Paganini, Sergey Burdin, Dmitry Emeliyanov, Yasuhiro Makida, D. Vazquez Furelos, Jorge Andres Lopez Lopez, Baptiste Ravina, C. Schmitt, Bing Zhou, Martin Kocian, M. Garcia-Sciveres, Yu Nakahama, L. F. Flores, M. I. Gostkin, Sally Seidel, Steve McMahon, U. Soldevila, Laurent Schoeffel, Robert Gardner, Joaquin Hoya, Jack Henry Lindon, Stefano Manzoni, A. Sanchez Pineda, G. Rahal, Massimo Lazzaroni, Simen Hellesund, W. Y. Chan, Nabila Wahab Shaikh, Gianluca Introzzi, Y. W. Liu, Eva Hansen, Ryan Christopher Edgar, Martina Laura Ojeda, Zoya Karpova, Ki Lie, Helge Christoph Beck, Andrea Sansoni, Francesco Cirotto, Kyungeon Choi, Nicola Semprini-Cesari, Andrew Ferrante, Zachary Michael Schillaci, Kira Abeling, Martin Spousta, Fumihiko Ukegawa, Andrea Formica, Kentaro Kawade, Kerstin Lantzsch, Milene Calvetti, Oldrich Kepka, Oxana Smirnova, Christoph Falk Anders, Atanu Pathak, Akihiro Higashida, Daniel Lellouch, Wei Wang, Martine Bosman, Venetios Polychronakos, Sergio Gonzalez-Sevilla, Giulio Tiziano Forcolin, Pamela Ferrari, Dominique Pallin, Christos Bakalis, Armin Michael Nairz, Marzieh Bahmani, Konstantinos Bachas, Maike Christina Hansen, Michael Pitt, Laurent Vacavant, Sw. Banerjee, Suyog Shrestha, Steffen Maeland, S. Chen, Jovan Mitrevski, Luigi Longo, S. De Cecco, E. K. U. Gross, Göran Jarlskog, Sebastian Heer, Jannik Geisen, Marco Schioppa, Nikolaos Konstantinidis, Sebastian Mergelmeyer, R. D. Schamberger, Hanna Maria Borecka-Bielska, Giancarlo Spigo, Kathleen Whalen, John Kenneth Anders, S. Marti-Garcia, Vasiliki A Mitsou, Hongfang Liu, Ondrej Hladik, Athina Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi, Tomas Jakoubek, Krisztian Peters, Pascal Pralavorio, T. R. V. Billoud, Daniele Zanzi, Gonzalo Enrique Orellana, Lamberto Luminari, Simon Holm Stark, Shuwei Ye, Branislav Ristic, Y. W. Y. Ng, C. Garcia-Argos, Andrey Ryzhov, Andrea Bocci, Per Edvin Sidebo, Alberto Aloisio, Isabel Nitsche, Maciej Trzebinski, Vladimir Zhulanov, P. S. Wells, Alix Fell, Brian Le, Tetiana Moskalets, Loic Valery, Ryszard Stroynowski, Emily Marie Duffield, Valerio Ippolito, Agnieszka Ewa Ogrodnik, Polina Nechaeva, Esra Mohammed Shrif, Marco Valente, I. P. J. Shipsey, Deepak Kar, M. A. Pleier, Ji Zhu, Stuart Derek Walker, Gabriella Sciolla, A. Polini, Qiang Li, Bakar Chargeishvili, Jianming Qian, Andrew Hard, Markus Cristinziani, Nadav Michael Tamir, Efstathios Karentzos, Ivan Sykora, Abraham Seiden, Daniel Lawrence Briglin, Dave Charlton, Rachel Hyneman, Hulin Wang, Monique A. M. Gignac, Emmanuel Sauvan, Nedaa Asbah, S. De Castro, Thomas Meideck, Konstantin Beloborodov, Alexey Anisenkov, Nikita Belyaev, Ann Miao Wang, G. Duckeck, Vaclav Vacek, V. Andrei, Federica Legger, Elizaveta Shabalina, Harry James Moss, Sanmay Ganguly, P. Gadow, Sergey Karpov, Johannes Josef Junggeburth, Kenji Hamano, Corinne Goy, Shyam Balaji, Ahmed Hasib, Gabriella Gaudio, Cecilia Tosciri, Stanislav Pospisil, Louis Fayard, Thorwald Klapdor-kleingrothaus, Savanna Marie Shaw, A. Mirto, Stephen Albert Weber, Magdalena Slawinska, Shaojun Sun, Marc Escalier, Victor Solovyev, Clara Troncon, Sabrina Sacerdoti, I. M. Gregor, Tetsuro Mashimo, Hassane Hamdaoui, Luka Kanjir, Peter Charles Mcnamara, Stefania Xella, Fr Pastore, Jeanette Lorenz, David Milstead, Jia Jian Teoh, Ahmed Bassalat, Kevin Einsweiler, Fabian Becherer, Victor Maleev, Karl Jakobs, Ambrosius Thomas Vermeulen, Garabed Halladjian, Andreas Honle, Alyssa Montalbano, John Baines, S. Ketabchi Haghighat, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, Timothy Andeen, Adam Maxwell Azoulay, E. Petit, Andrey Minaenko, Ariel Schwartzman, Stefania Spagnolo, Peter Johannes Falke, Klaus Hamacher, Tatiana Klioutchnikova, Terry Richard Wyatt, A. T. Watson, James Boyd, J. A. Wilson, Carlo Enrico Pandini, M. De Santis, Daniel Muenstermann, Nicolas Morange, Chung-Yau Lo, Andrey Soukharev, A. Nag Nag, Sergei Chekanov, Ourania Sidiropoulou, Sinem Simsek, Jonathan Butterworth, Julia Hrdinka, P. J. Clark, P. H. Sales De Bruin, Anum Qureshi, David DeMarco, J. M. P. Pasner, C. Young, Nurcan Ozturk, Nacim Haddad, Emre Celebi, Olivier Arnaez, Alexandra Tudorache, C. A. Solans Sanchez, Matthew Berg Epland, Giulia Gonella, Jelena Jovicevic, Kohei Yorita, Nansi Andari, Lianyou Shan, Richard Nisius, Cristinel Diaconu, O. Cakir, Virginia Ruth Bailey, Mario Campanelli, Joseph Reichert, Markus Schumacher, Elliot Lipeles, Saleh Sultansoy, Antonio Salvucci, S. Timoshenko, Russell James Turner, Laurie Iain McClymont, Haiping Peng, Borut Paul Kerševan, Anjishnu Bandyopadhyay, Janet Dietrich, Gustaaf Brooijmans, Lesya Anna Horyn, Tom McCarthy, Y. Li, Kilian Rosbach, Ehud Duchovni, Alexander Zaitsev, Koki Maekawa, Takahiro Fusayasu, Anjali Krishnan, Helena Santos, Gabriela Navarro, Veronica Fabiani, Melissa Ridel, Deshan Kavishka Abhayasinghe, Aranzazu Ruiz-Martinez, Giovandomenico Carducci, G. A. Chelkov, Sebastien Rettie, Amal Vaidya, Andre Schoening, Laura Jean Bergsten, S. V. Zeißner, Shi Che, Zihao Jiang, Yoav Afik, Timon Heim, J. Machado Miguens, A. Lanza, P. J. Hsu, Shogo Kido, Michael David Werner, Ioannis Nomidis, Francesco Lanni, Nikolai Fomin, Kristin Lohwasser, Sigve Haug, Mattias Birman, Joern Grosse-Knetter, E. Torró Pastor, Sergio Grancagnolo, Archil Durglishvili, Hella Leonie Snoek, Jean-Francois Grivaz, G. Otero, Ralf P. Richter, D. Rodriguez Rodriguez, Bertrand Laforge, M. El Kacimi, Akira Yamamoto, J. C. Rivera Vergara, Claudia Merlassino, Balthasar Maria Schachtner, Miriam Watson, Anastasia Kurova, A. T. H. Arce, Dirk Sammel, M. U. F. Martensson, Sven Menke, Bijan Haney, Ilya Korolkov, M. G. Alviggi, Mogens Dam, Daniel Christopher Kelsey, Andrea Sciandra, Kotaro Wakamiya, L. Bellagamba, Mazin Khader, Else Lytken, Trine Poulsen, P. de Jong, Matthias Saimpert, James Catmore, Artur Trofymov, D. Di Valentino, Tulin Varol, Hannes Mildner, Allison Mccarn Deiana, J. Jimenez Pena, M. J. Oreglia, Jean-Francois Laporte, Balazs Konya, Ina Carli, Andrew Blue, Peter Schacht, Geoffrey Gilles, Martin Spangenberg, Shigeru Odaka, Giuseppe Avolio, Givi Sekhniaidze, Juraj Smiesko, Roberto Spighi, Christopher Meyer, Sylvain Tisserant, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Jennet Dickinson, Christopher Deutsch, Christopher Samuel Pollard, Claudio Luci, Patrawan Pasuwan, Driss Benchekroun, Kunihiro Nagano, Shensheng Han, Trygve Buanes, J. Tanaka, F. A. Di Bello, Lidia Dell'Asta, Xuanhong Lou, Kathryn Grimm, Nikolai Marcel Hartmann, M. Morii, Uli Schäfer, Evangelos Gkougkousis, Sofia Adorni, Clement Camincher, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, J. Albert, Masao Saito, V. Dao, H. Ten Kate, Simona Serena Bocchetta, A. Ventura, Y. Hernández Jiménez, Masahiro Yamatani, T. Ženiš, Fabrizio Trovato, Francesco Ragusa, Dimitris Varouchas, I. Lopez Paz, Yury Ryabov, Oleg Kuprash, V. Castillo Gimenez, Fabrice Hubaut, Ben Carlson, M. Wittgen, Petr Sicho, R. S. P. Mueller, Auriane Canesse, Carlos Escobar, E. D. Mendes Gouveia, Speranza Falciano, Geoffrey Mullier, Fabrice Balli, Tobias Kupfer, Georgios Zacharis, Alexander Gavrilyuk, Apostolos Tsirigotis, D. Levin, Bianca Monica Ciungu, C. A. Johnson, Jyoti Prakash Biswal, Karsten Köneke, E. von Toerne, Henrik Oppen, Jing Wang, Julien Caudron, Juraj Bracinik, Vit Vorobel, N. D. Dann, Petr Jacka, Manfredi Ronzani, Zineb Idrissi, John Rutherfoord, Dwayne Patrick Spiteri, Xiaohu Sun, Douglas Davis, Toshi Sumida, Diane Cinca, Fabien Jeanneau, Luca Fiorini, Jianqiao Ye, Marco Lavorgna, Frederic Deliot, J. J. Lozano Bahilo, Jacob Henry Rawling, Jing Guo, Patrick Scholer, Asma Hadef, Rachid Mazini, Joyful Elma Mdhluli, Tomoya Iizawa, Lydia Brenner, Emily Nurse, Merve Sahinsoy, D. Pohl, J. K. K. Liu, Elizabeth Gallas, Antonio Boveia, Gabriel Palacino, Arthur Rene Chomont, Jonathan Shlomi, W. Fedorko, Victor Sorin Martoiu, Bmm Allbrooke, Takanori Kono, Petr Balek, A. T. Doyle, Gregorio Bernardi, Johannes Balz, C. Di Donato, Xing Long Li, Francesco Spanò, Z. Liang, Edoardo Maria Farina, Takuto Kunigo, Zvi Hirsh Citron, Oleg Meshkov, Benedetto Giacobbe, O. M. Kind, Paul Gessinger-Befurt, Fernando Barreiro, O. E. Vickey Boeriu, Giuseppe Salamanna, Ines Ochoa, Helmut Wolters, Y-H. Chen, Gavin Pownall, Robert J. Bielski, Tomas Kosek, S. Yang, Sara Caroline Alderweireldt, Douglas Benjamin, Zuzana Rurikova, Francesco Maria Follega, Wouter Verkerke, V. Araujo Ferraz, Sergey Kuleshov, Nataliia Zakharchuk, Revital Kopeliansky, Harshna Jivan, Milena Bajic, Takashi Kubota, Raphael Vuillermet, Martina Javurkova, Hadar Yosef Cohen, F. J. Munoz Sanchez, Emma Sian Kuwertz, C. Adam Bourdarios, Ren-You Zhang, Mikhail Mineev, M. C. N. Fiolhais, Georges Aad, Antoine Marzin, Peter Tornambe, D. M. Strom, David William Thomas, Nikola Makovec, Jelena Krstic, Adam Trzupek, Anamika Aggarwal, Priscilla Pani, Rhys Edward Owen, Duc Ta, Alexey Boldyrev, Claudia Glasman, Simon Berlendis, Yoshiji Yasu, A. 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Carlino, Peter Berta, Yong’an Liu, Paolo Massarotti, Sascha Mehlhase, Sergii Raspopov, Ankita Mehta, Cyril Becot, Steven Schramm, Michela Biglietti, Emanuele Cavallaro, Julia Lynne Gonski, Miroslav Havranek, Pere Rados, S. Díez Cornell, Kirill Grevtsov, Tobias Bisanz, Tadej Novak, Remco Castelijn, D. P. C. Sankey, Alexandre Vaniachine, S. Jones, Maria-evanthia Tsopoulou, Tsz Yu Ng, Aviv Ruben Cukierman, Arno Straessner, Nikolai Zimine, Dominik Krauss, Monica D'Onofrio, Michael Begel, Xiaoguang Yue, A. Bruni, Bojan Hiti, Yasushi Nagasaka, R. J. Hawkings, D. V. Dedovich, S. H. Robertson, W. Buttinger, Samuel Webb, Frederik Rühr, S. Shimizu, Roman Lysak, C. J. S. Young, Masato Aoki, Matt Zhang, P. Johansson, William Trischuk, Alexander Leopold, Minoru Hirose, Zara Jane Grout, Ewa Stanecka, Enrico Tassi, Chiara Rizzi, D. Amidei, H. El Jarrari, Viktor Kramarenko, Abhishek Sharma, Gregor Kramberger, Kun Liu, Claire David, H. T. 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Di Sipio, Michael James Fenton, Chase Owen Shimmin, Kristina Anne Looper, Deywis Moreno, B. Di Micco, Oleg Solovyanov, Ulrike Schnoor, S. Malyukov, Jan Schaeffer, B. Safarzadeh Samani, Christian Gutschow, Kurt Brendlinger, S. P. Y. Yuen, Valeria Nikolaenko, Serban Constantinescu, Adele Rimoldi, A. P. Colijn, Terutaro Nakamura, Kristof Schmieden, Margherita Spalla, G. A. Cowan, Martin Nagel, Paul Dervan, I. van Vulpen, Rui Zou, Giulio Aielli, T. Lari, Johannes Frederic Damp, Alexander Bogdanchikov, C. Zeitnitz, Paolo Sabatini, Arnulf Quadt, Mikhail Levchenko, J. Urban, Gabriel Gallardo, D. Paredes Hernandez, Jiangyong Jia, Stefano Terzo, Kevin Kroeninger, Helen Hayward, Takashi Yamanaka, Elemer Nagy, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, M. Mikuž, Shunsuke Honda, Marie Christine Lanfermann, Peter Jenni, V. S. Bobrovnikov, Alexey Maslennikov, F. Anulli, Ben William Whitmore, Akanksha Vishwakarma, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, Zekeriya Uysal, Brian Cole, Arka Santra, Andrej Filipcic, R. F. Naranjo Garcia, Adam Jinaru, C. N. P. Gee, Artem Basalaev, Kamil Augsten, Serkant Ali Cetin, Gerhard Ferdinand Rzehorz, R. P. Middleton, Rhys Thomas Roberts, Shan Jin, Sandra Leone, Marek Palka, A. M. Henriques Correia, Joseph Stanford Ennis, Christos Lampoudis, Lydia Roos, Yi-Tao Wang, Kazuya Mochizuki, Peter Love, Maximilian Georg Herrmann, H. S. Chen, Benjamin William Allen, David Dodsworth, Stefanie Todt, Kenneth Wraight, Yu-Ting Shen, Ivor Fleck, Sofiia Hyrych, V. Kartvelishvili, Santiago Juan Batista, Raymond Brock, G. Mikenberg, Giovanni Crosetti, Stefania Antonia Stucci, Giovanna Bruni, Klaus Mönig, A. M. Rodríguez Vera, Florian Bauer, S. Yu. Smirnov, Sebastian Artz, J. Proudfoot, Patrick Czodrowski, James Andrew Kendrick, Kayla Dawn McLean, M. Faucci Giannelli, Jonathan Crane, Karol Krizka, Stefan Gadatsch, M. A. L. Leite, Evangelos Gazis, Mathis Kolb, Eftychia Tzovara, Johannes Donatus Mellenthin, Matej Melo, Lorenzo Feligioni, Joleen Pater, Filomena Sopkova, N. Viaux Maira, Adomas Jelinskas, Kazuki Motohashi, Karel Cerny, Alessandro Gabrielli, Y. Jiang, Matthew Peter Heath, Chris Hays, Tord Ekelof, Monica Verducci, Stephen Sekula, Arthur Schaffer, Xifeng Ruan, Vladimir Tikhomirov, Ioulian Budagov, Makoto Tomoto, Lewis Joseph Wilkins, Yahya Tayalati, Ph. Schune, W-M. Yao, S. J. Lee, Claude Guyot, Gabriele Chiodini, Sinead Farrington, Georg Zobernig, E. Sideras Haddad, Wade Cameron Fisher, David Reikher, Takuya Tashiro, D. della Volpe, Thomas Peiffer, Christopher Hayes, Mario Grandi, P. A. Delsart, C. P. A. Roland, Mario Spina, Yoji Hasegawa, Matei Eugen Vasile, Juan Pedro Araque, Eduard Kladiva, Mjr Olsson, L. Aperio Bella, A. Farilla, Pedro Teixeira-Dias, Nicoletta Garelli, Michael R. Wessels, K. J. C. Leney, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, Giacinto Piacquadio, Florian Hinterkeuser, L. L. Ma, Kalliopi Iordanidou, Aaron Liblong, Nadezda Proklova, Yun Sang Chow, Declan Andrew Millar, J.-H. Arling, Andrzej Smykiewicz, Stefano Camarda, Simona Gargiulo, Syed Haider Abidi, Ketevi Assamagan, Theodor Christian Herwig, Leonardo Paolo Rossi, Marzio Nessi, Jeremy Love, Rachael Ann Creager, Fudong He, Andrea Negri, Alberto Valero, Stefano Giagu, Alessandro Cerri, Jennifer Kathryn Roloff, Rinat Fakhrutdinov, A. Juste Rozas, Nicolo Vladi Biesuz, Kendall Reeves, Paul Jackson, S. R. Paredes Saenz, Philip Bechtle, A. Glazov, Filipe Veloso, Christos Vergis, Nenad Vranjes, R. M. D. Carney, Elena Rocco, Oliver Ricken, Jan Jongmanns, Monika Mittal, Dewen Zhong, Thomas James Stevenson, Jens Janssen, Pavel Staroba, Minyu Feng, Jemal Khubua, Merve Nazlim Agaras, Alexander Mann, Qipeng Hu, S. Campana, Annabelle Julia Chuinard, Yang Qin, Sophie Trincaz-Duvoid, Kazuhiko Hara, Irina Antonela Cioara, Matthew James Sullivan, Mariel Nelson Pettee, Sarah Demers, Johann Collot, Giordon Holtsberg Stark, Daniela Salvatore, Katsuo Tokushuku, Christophe Clement, Arnaud Dubreuil, Gaetano Barone, F. Rauscher, P. Skubic, Emery Nibigira, M. Del Gaudio, Dominik Derendarz, Johan Sebastian Bonilla, J. Beringer, J. Griffiths, Marco Scodeggio, Antonio Giannini, Audrey Katherine Kvam, Michel Lefebvre, Miroslav Myska, Elliot Reynolds, Rosy Nicolaidou, Francesco Gonnella, Mark Neubauer, Giorgi Arabidze, Kosuke Takeda, Darren Price, Fedor Prokoshin, Pierre Savard, Paul Fraser Harrison, Takuya Honda, D. Oliveira Damazio, Janusz Chwastowski, Sharka Todorova-Nova, Matthew Craig Mondragon, Frued Erik Braren, P. U. E. Onyisi, A. Di Girolamo, Edson Carquin, Fumiya Yamane, Christian Grefe, Robert Johannes Langenberg, L. Di Ciaccio, Mohammad Jawad Kareem, Pavel Murin, S. Willocq, Matthew Glenn Kurth, Vincenzo Canale, Vakhtang Tsulaia, Pavel Podberezko, Stewart Patrick Swift, Sarah Louise Barnes, David Cameron, John Stupak, Tomas Blazek, Giulia Ripellino, Julian Constantin Schmoeckel, Tomasz Bold, Yuta Okazaki, Yann Coadou, Faig Ahmadov, Blake Burghgrave, Karishma Sekhon, Salah-eddine Dahbi, Monica Dobre, Felix Fidelio Klitzner, Thibault Guillemin, Caterina Marcon, Umar Gul, Siegfried Bethke, Caterina Doglioni, Stanislav Tokár, J. Ocariz, Arnaud Duperrin, Heather Gray, Steven Williams, Andrey Karyukhin, M. Reale, R. M. Barnett, S. Y. Suzuki, Riccardo Vari, Maria Pilar Casado, Dennis Perepelitsa, Emma Tolley, Michaela Mlynarikova, Ian Brock, G. Eigen, Hicham Atmani, Mirta Dumancic, S. J. Chen, F. Safai Tehrani, Adrian Buzatu, R. Kowalewski, Andrei Alexandru Geanta, Albert Francis Casha, Robert Stanek, J. Huston, Souad Batlamous, Vanja Morisbak, T. R. Van Daalen, Tobias Flick, Gabriele D'amen, Lukasz Zwalinski, Andreas Reiss, Masahiro Morinaga, Sheena Schier, D. Camarero Munoz, Chrysostomos Valderanis, Yohei Yamaguchi, Peter Kodys, Venugopal Ellajosyula, Val O'Shea, T. Vazquez Schroeder, Aishik Ghosh, Paolo Morettini, Silvia Biondi, Alessia Murrone, Peter Buchholz, George Dyckes, K. F. Di Petrillo, Zdenek Dolezal, Mark Sutton, Abdeslam Hoummada, Laura Jeanty, Luca Pizzimento, Krystsina Petukhova, Alexandros Marantis, R. R. M. Fletcher, R. de Asmundis, Marek Tasevsky, Matthias Danninger, Dylan Perry Kisliuk, Uladzimir Kruchonak, R. W. L. Jones, Ovsat Abdinov, Oleg Zenin, Ismet Siral, J. Rothberg, Dimitrios Iliadis, Goetz Gaycken, Steven Worm, Sabine Crépé-Renaudin, Stavros Maltezos, Carsten Daniel Burgard, Bernd Stelzer, Maria Florencia Daneri, Kingman Cheung, Josu Cantero, N. B. Sinev, Hiroyuki Iwasaki, John-Bjarne Hansen, Bogdan Malaescu, Christopher John Mcnicol, J-Y. Hostachy, A. Baroncelli, Baojia Tong, Alec Swenson Drobac, E. Le Guirriec, Clement Helsens, Lorenzo Pezzotti, S. Tapia Araya, Yasuyuki Okumura, Dmitry Golubkov, Katharina Schleicher, W. D. Breaden Madden, Nihal Brahimi, Fabian Alexander Förster, J. A. Aparisi Pozo, Alexander Emerman, D. P. J. Lack, Tohru Takeshita, Luca Colasurdo, S. Calvente Lopez, Gordon Watts, Andrea Coccaro, Sergey Senkin, Bo Liu, Veysi Erkcan Ozcan, Stefanie Morgenstern, Iskander Ibragimov, Wen Guan, Shreya Saha, Tomas Komarek, Florian Christoph Fischer, Moritz Backes, Nikolaos Tsirintanis, Artur Cardoso Coimbra, Sofia Chouridou, Maria-Teresa Dova, Alexander Sydorenko, Patrick Fassnacht, P. D. Thompson, Herjuno Rah Nindhito, Uta Klein, Kate Shaw, Maria Smizanska, Lorne Levinson, M. Li, A. V. Akimov, Michel Raymond, Bruce Schumm, Jonathan Long, K. J. R. Cormier, Efe Yigitbasi, S. A. Olivares Pino, Jolanta Olszowska, Trevor Vickey, Phillip Gutierrez, Charles Delporte, Leonardo Merola, K. Nakamura, Aytul Adiguzel, Dmitri Tsybychev, Chiara Grieco, Georges Azuelos, Thomas James Neep, Matthew Thomas Anthony, G. R. Gonzalvo Rodriguez, Kim Katrin Heidegger, Josh Mcfayden, M. Stegler, Dalila Salamani, Thomas LeCompte, Andrew Pilkington, Vitaliano Chiarella, Bobby Samir Acharya, H. A. Neal, Barry King, S. C. Lee, Hannah Herde, C. M. Hawkes, Pavol Bartos, Marina Cobal, Michael Edward Nelson, B. Martin dit Latour, Chikuma Kato, Song-Ming Wang, Jana Schaarschmidt, Matous Vozak, Dennis Sperlich, Jiri Masik, Oleg Fedin, C. P. Ward, Yohei Noguchi, Ewan Hill, Tim Scanlon, Stanislav Suchek, Christos Leonidopoulos, V. M. M. Cairo, Stamatios Gkaitatzis, Isabel Marian Trigger, F. Lo Sterzo, Mauro Villa, James Frost, Pier-Olivier Deviveiros, Jonas Strandberg, David Malon, Anna Kaczmarska, Gilberto Giugliarelli, Christian Weber, Guillaume Unal, Amir Farbin, A. Artamonov, Daniela Bortoletto, Shigeki Hirose, D. Bakshi Gupta, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, T. Kuhl, Janina Anna Krzysiak, Dimitrii Krasnopevtsev, Andrey Kiryunin, Peter Nemethy, Siarhei Harkusha, Mario Sannino, M. A. Nomura, L. Masetti, J. C. Hill, Julien-christopher Beyer, R. Piegaia, Elmar Ritsch, Verena Herget, Nello Bruscino, Philipp Stolte, Flavia De Almeida Dias, Robert Adam Vallance, Iacopo Vivarelli, Reda Tafirout, Klaus Kurt Desch, Richard Nickerson, Francisco Alonso, Arnaud Lucotte, Georgios Stavropoulos, Y. A. Kurochkin, Liza Mijović, E. Torrence, Viktor Sinetckii, Ben Smart, Augusto Santiago Cerqueira, Dmytro Hohov, Alexander Kupco, Edoardo Gorini, Evgeny Starchenko, C. Padilla Aranda, Koji Sato, D. Álvarez Piqueras, S. Yu. Sivoklokov, H. Duran Yildiz, J. Montejo Berlingen, Giuseppe Callea, Pierre-Francois Giraud, Ian Dawson, Mathieu Benoit, Saskia Falke, Xuan Yang, Mihail Chizhov, Yuji Yamazaki, Lewis James Armitage, Jinhong Yu, Veronika Magerl, Bruno Mansoulie, Paul Newman, D. Xu, Alexei Klimentov, Alexander Undrus, Anton Wolf, D. Berge, Calum Michael Macdonald, Steven Patrick Alkire, Simon Henry Connell, Tatsuya Masubuchi, Oliver Keith Baker, Jiri Kvita, Iain Alexander Bertram, Elisa Fumagalli, Francesco Crescioli, Victoria Jane Martin, Cecile Deterre, John Alison, Sara Valentinetti, Tobias Klingl, Michael Rijssenbeek, Frank Winklmeier, L. R. Flores Castillo, Emily Charlotte Graham, A. Abed Abud, Andre Rummler, Jad Zahreddine, Christine Kourkoumelis, Pedro Jorge, Juan Terron, Frederic Schroeder, Xiaocong Ai, Fang-ying Tsai, Simone Monzani, Olaf Nackenhorst, Chiara Debenedetti, H. J. Cheng, Mauro Iodice, Ruggero Turra, Maia Mosidze, S. González de la Hoz, Bernard Brickwedde, M. Beretta, Thomas Naumann, Saminder Dhaliwal, Riccardo-Maria Bianchi, K. H. Hiller, Dale Charles Abbott, R. C. W. Henderson, Joseph Izen, R. Gupta, M. J. Shochet, Aimilianos Koulouris, Alexandre Rozanov, T. Kobayashi, Yakov Petrovich Kulinich, D. Gillberg, Rupert Leitner, Chloe Gray, Luigi Vigani, Edward Diehl, Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, Devin James Mahon, Puja Saha, Daniel Stefaniak Nielsen, Claudio Santoni, Stephen Jiggins, Ruslan Mashinistov, Quentin Buat, Alessandra Ciocio, Pavel Shatalov, K. Sliwa, Kurt Keys Hill, Stephanie Zimmermann, Marcel Michael Stanitzki, Junji Tojo, Y. C. Zhu, Paolo Camarri, Stefan Tapprogge, Stephen Burns Menary, Jochen Dingfelder, Alex Kastanas, Alaettin Serhan Mete, Chaowaroj Wanotayaroj, Massimo Corradi, Mario Lassnig, A. Maio, Cheng Chen, Eric Drechsler, Bibhuti Parida, A. Di Ciaccio, Cong Geng, R. F. H. Hunter, Nathan Rogers Bernard, Driss Goujdami, Pepijn Johannes Bakker, Nima Sherafati, David Calvet, Gregory David Hallewell, Jiri Dolejsi, Alastair Dewhurst, Heinz Pernegger, Alexander Oh, Hisaya Kurashige, Martin Klassen, R. El Kosseifi, H. L. Zhu, Cesare Bini, Zhen Yan, Michael Kagan, Rodney Walker, Ke Li, David Robert Wardrope, Didier Ferrere, Marcus Morgenstern, Trisha Farooque, and Alexander Paramonov
Subjects: transverse momentum: high, Atlas detector, 13000 GeV-cms, Hadron, mass [jet], 01 natural sciences, high [transverse momentum], W: pair production, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), scattering [p p], Z0: pair production, skin and connective tissue diseases, Z0: hadronic decay, vector boson: associated production, Physics, hadronic decay [Z0], new physics, mass [gauge boson], ATLAS, channel cross section: branching ratio: upper limit, pair production [Z0], CERN LHC Coll, pair production [W], final state: hadronic, lower limit [mass], gauge boson: mass, colliding beams [p p], narrow resonance, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, p p: scattering, mass: lower limit, boosted particle, hadronic [final state], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, High Energy Physics, structure, 010306 general physics, S056ZOT, hadronic decay [W], W: hadronic decay, branching ratio: upper limit [channel cross section], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background, S056W1C, jet: mass, Experimental High Energy Physics, lcsh:QC770-798, S071RSG, associated production [vector boson], sense organs, p p: colliding beams, experimental results
Abstract: Journal of high energy physics 2020(6), 42 (1-19) (2020). doi:10.1007/JHEP06(2020)042, Published by SISSA, [Trieste]
Published: 2020

32. The Impact of the Small Business Institute® (SBI) on Students, Faculty, Clients, and Other Stakeholders: Personal Reflections From Metropolitan State University of Denver

Author: David Bechtold, David Lynn Hoffman, Andrew Holt, Adam Melnick, Ann Murphy, and Rebecca Prater
Abstract: Higher education is increasingly criticized for its expense, decline in student performance, lack of accountability and transparency, and declines in student performance and learning. The Small Business Institute’s ® (SBI) Programs can meet some of these criticisms with its conferences, journals, and experiential learning. Research has found that SBI students build much needed interpersonal skills (soft skills) and retain information longer than other traditional teaching techniques such as lectures. The benefits of experiential learning include team skills, interpersonal relationships, economic development, and evidence of an institution’s social impact. This article explains Metropolitan State University of Denver’s SBI program and how it led to a Center for Entrepreneurship, a Major in Entrepreneurship, and a Minor in Entrepreneurship. In addition, it has provided several MSU Denver faculty and students with many of their career needs including research, service, and teaching.
Published: 2022

33. Managing the Message, from Fake News to Filter Bubbles

Author: David Lynn Painter and Raghabendra KC Pratap
Published: 2022

34. The Impact of the Small Business Institute® (SBI) on Students, Faculty, Clients, and Other Stakeholders: Personal Reflections From Metropolitan State University of Denver

Author: Bechtold, David, primary, Hoffman, David Lynn, additional, Holt, Andrew, additional, Melnick, Adam, additional, Murphy, Ann, additional, and Prater, Rebecca, additional
Published: 2022
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35. Influence of Recent Developments in Computer Technology on Professional Development in Vocational Education. Final Report.

Author: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Div. of Occupational and Vocational Studies. and Passmore, David Lynn
Abstract: Intended for developers of vocational education professionals and for educators making decisions about the usefulness of personal computers in education, this report deals with the effects of the personal computing revolution on professional development of vocational educators. The two major papers and published opinion pieces that make up this document result from the analysis of the state-of-the-art, projected advances, and current applications of personal computing technology. "Educating for Work in a High Tech Society" (Daun M. Anderson) considers the role of computer literacy in vocational education. It advocates teaching computer literacy as a basic skill, examines some existing assumptions about education for technology, considers the implications of attitudes toward technology and work, describes a noninstrumental orientation to education in high technology work, and discusses preparing vocational teachers from a noninstrumental perspective. "The Role of Personal Computers in Vocational Education: A Critical View" (David Lynn Passmore, Daun M. Anderson, Chi-Yin Yuen) is an analytical look at the opportunities and problems personal computers pose for vocational education. Four general uses are discussed: the personal computer as instructional content, for program administration, for instruction, and for communication. Three expected developments are reviewed: artificial intelligence, networking, and portability. Finally, three problems that limit the infusion of personal computers in vocational education are considered: lack of suitable professional orientation of vocational educators, poor quality of instructional software, and the validity of the "Law of Hammer" (the law states that if a hammer is available, something will be found that needs pounding). (YLB)
Published: 1983

36. Validation of Learning Hierarchies for Objective-Based Instructional Systems.

Author: Passmore, David Lynn
Abstract: The need for an empirically defensible means of sequencing instruction appears to have been the primary motivator for research into learning hierarchies. Also, valid learning hierarchies could act as congealing forces in individualizing instructional systems by providing psychological roadmaps for diagnosing students' preinstructional skills and monitoring students' progress through instructional systems. Four methods for generating candidates for learning hierarchies are available: introspection, formal analysis, observation, and statistical "fishing." Experimental transfer of training studies and statistical studies have been used to evaluate posited hierarchies. White recently made significant modifications of these standard evaluation methods to improve the internal validity of research into learning hierarchies. Several external validity issues remain to be resolved before scarce resources should continue to be allocated for additional learning hierarchy research. (Author)
Published: 1974

37. Policy Implications of 'Inequality' for Career Education. Monograph No. 2.

Author: Bowling Green State Univ., OH. Career and Technology Education Graduate Faculty., Passmore, David Lynn, Passmore, David Lynn, and Bowling Green State Univ., OH. Career and Technology Education Graduate Faculty.
Abstract: The conclusions presented in a book entitled Inequality, written by Jencks, et al., call for a critical analysis of the popular beliefs regarding schools and schooling as a means to achieve the social, economic, and cultural goals of the American Dream. This meritocratic system offers equal opportunities but may yield unequal results. In the Jencks study, educational opportunities, educational attainment, occupational status, income, and job satisfaction were all found to be unequally distributed among individuals. These inequalities are real, even though their causes may be questioned, and they have implications for career education, which is, like faith in schooling, presented as a facilitator of the meritocratic ideal. Because it can exert no influence over the working world, it is likely that career education will act as a conservative force to maintain the very societal inequalities it was designed to overcome. The achievement of equality will require more radical social and economic changes than mere school reforms offered by career education. (Author/EC)
Published: 1976

38. Applicability of the SIGI Occupational Data Base to NTID's Curriculum Research and Career Counseling Needs.

Author: National Technical Inst. for the Deaf, Rochester, NY., Martin, Kathleen McCluskey, and Passmore, David Lynn
Abstract: The National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) established a committee to study the applicability of SIGI's (System of Interactive Guidance and Information) occupational data base to NTID's curriculum research and career counseling needs. (SIGI is an Educational Testing Service--ETS--system which applies computer technology to assist hearing clients in the career decisionmaking process.) To evaluate SIGI's potential usefulness to NTID, answers to the following questions were sought: What sources and methods are used within SIGI to obtain occupational information? How often, and in what way, is this data base updated? Does SIGI portray more information than is currently available through standard sources? Is SIGI an effective means of collating current labor market information? To answer these questions, ETS literature on SIGI was reviewed, ETS personnel concerned with the SIGI occupational data base were questioned, and local directors of a nationally dispersed set of SIGI field demonstration sites were contacted by telephone. Because of the low percentage of occupations in SIGI that related to NTID training programs, and since the SIGI data base did not seem to add to the prepared career counselor's arsenal of occupational information, it was recommended that plans for application of the data base to the NTID program should not be pursued. (SH)
Published: 1976

39. Characteristics of Unemployed Youth. Final Report.

Author: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Div. of Occupational and Vocational Studies. and Passmore, David Lynn
Abstract: Described in the report are the social, demographic, experiential, educational, and ascriptive characteristics of sixteen- to nineteen-year-old jobless youth in the United States. Population sampling, data collection, organization, and reporting methods applied in the Current Population Survey (CPS) of 1979 (the major source of data) are reviewed. The issues of measurement, labor market shifts, and unemployment/out-of-the-labor force flows are discussed. In the section on the scope of youth joblessness labor force participation, unemployment, and non-participation are presented graphically on the basis of sex, marital status, and race. Difficulties for determining the prospects for youth unemployment are discussed. It is suggested that because a wide array of social, economic, and legal factors interact to affect youth joblessness, vocational education can contribute only indirectly to the alleviation of youth unemployment through improving the employability skills of youth. Suggestions for further research include (1) clarification of whether the reduction of youth unemployment is a goal of vocational education; (2) determination of barriers to youth employment beyond skill deficits constraining what vocational education could do to alleviate youth joblessness; and (3) determination of what vocational education should do in this area. (MN)
Published: 1980

40. Starting Expected Employment Outcomes of Occupational Programs: A Case Study.

Author: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park., Passmore, David Lynn, and Marron, Michael
Abstract: Studying the employment outcomes expected from educational programs at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) can aid planners of other occupational programs. The main barriers to planning education for work are the inaccessibility or unavailability of information, the arbitrary nature of occupational classification, and insensitivity to planning problems. To overcome these barriers, NTID specified expected employment outcomes of their programs in terms of the "Dictionary of Occupational Titles" (DOT) occupational names and codes. NTID program managers met to revise these names and codes and to match DOTs to U.S. Census occupational classifications. A total of 211 DOTs were identified for NTID's 14 programs. The list has a number of implications for practice. For instance, the NTID catalog could be updated without reference to worker age or sex, and the public internal and external to NTID would find it easier to use the catalog. This use of DOT classifications has also facilitated research and development efforts in the areas of data collection, data analysis, and comparative analysis. Although this procedure for specifying employment outcomes could be adopted in planning other occupational programs, caution is suggested due to the vagueness of the occupational classifications system applied. (MN)
Published: 1980

41. Ethnographic Methods for Exploring the Education/Work Nexus.

Author: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Div. of Occupational and Vocational Studies. and Passmore, David Lynn
Abstract: Ethnographic methods have been proposed as one alternative to research based heavily on statistics and experimental design. Ethnography essentially means "a way of systematically learning reality from the point of view of the participant." Four features distinguish ethnographic research from other research methods: (1) the research is considered as an instrument of the research; (2) research is guided by an inductive, serendipitous, holistic perspective of the research problem and process; (3) research methods are designed to be used "in situ," that is, in the natural setting in which the human behavior of interest to the researcher is occurring; and(4) the results of ethnographic research often lack the capacity to startle their consumers because these results frequently take on a commonplace character and tone. Ethnographic methods might provide a fruitful alternative to common research methodology for studying problems of the education/work connection, such as studies of job skill acquisition and adaptability, employer preferences in hiring youth, youth employability problems, reasons for student enrollment in vocational education, and effects of vocational education on youth's ability to acquire and progress in jobs. The ethnographic approach should not become just a fad, however. Many approaches to research problems will be needed to create the knowledge we need to improve the transition of youth from school to work. (KC)
Published: 1981

42. Relationship Between Preference for Part-Time Work and the Characteristics of Unemployed Youth.

Author: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Div. of Occupational and Vocational Studies., Passmore, David Lynn, and Welch, Frederick G.
Abstract: A study examined the relationship between preferences for part-time work and the characteristics of unemployed youth. Using data from the March 1979 Current Population Survey, the relationship was examined between preferences for part-time work and the characteristics of 2,087 unemployed 16- thorugh 24-year-olds in the civilian, noninstitutional population of the United States. Age and school enrollment were found to be the strongest correlates of desire for part-time work. Gender, race, veteran status, marital status, and educational attainment were related only slightly to part-time job preference. While these data were found to support the notion that most unemployed youths searching for part-time work are 16- to 19-year-olds and enrolled in school, they were not found to indicate anything about the economic significance of youth unemployment. Recommendations were made calling for additional research on the consequences of teenage labor market problems on subsequent adult well-being. (MN)
Published: 1981

43. Relationship Between Accreditation Status and Hourly Wages of Medical Record Technicians.

Author: Passmore, David Lynn and Marron, Michael
Abstract: A study examined the relationship between accreditation status and hourly wages of medical record technicians (MRTs) in four major metropolitan areas (Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, and Atlanta) during August 1975. Multiple regression analysis of the hourly wages of 590 female, full-time MRTs collected through a government hospital wage survey revealed a $0.62 per hour advantage for accredited record technicians over those not accredited. Also related to the MRT hourly wage were job location and hospital funding source. Based upon these data, conclusions were drawn concerning the importance of accreditation to employing hospitals and to individual MRTs. (Author/MN)
Published: 1981

44. Chances of Job Loss Among Teenagers and Young Adults: Implications for Vocational Education Training.

Author: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Div. of Occupational and Vocational Studies. and Passmore, David Lynn
Abstract: About 2.7 of every 10 16- through 24-year-olds unemployed during March, 1979, were discharged from their last jobs. Regression analysis of data from the March, 1979, Current Population Survey revealed that 16- and 17 year-olds were more than twice as likely as 20- through 24-year-olds to have lost their last job; veterans were about 1.5 times as likely as non-veterans to have been job losers. Gender, race, marital status, and educational attainment were related only slightly to job loss. As long as it is believed or known that job loss among teenagers and young adults has negative consequences for individuals and society, then several alternative plans can be listed for reducing the incident of job loss. First, teenagers and young adults can be encouraged to prepare for and to seek employment in industries and occupations that provide stable employment in spite of economic fluctuations. Second, technical, communications, and personal/social skills of teenagers and young adults can be improved on the condition that job loss among youth is caused, for the most part, by their skill deficits and not by the condition of the economy. (Author/KC)
Published: 1981

45. Barriers to Youth Employment. Final Report, 7/1/80-6/30/81. Vocational-Technical Education Research Report.

Author: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Vocational Education. and Passmore, David Lynn
Abstract: Provided in this report are a number of empirical and conceptual papers dealing with barriers to youth employment. The first paper, "Barriers to Youth Employment: A Review," contains a summary of more than 100 reports on causes of youth employability problems and poses several alternative strategies for formulation of youth labor market policy. The second paper, "Ethnographic Methods for Exploring the Education/Work Nexus," describes methods in applied anthropology that could be useful in studying youth employability problems. Then three empirical papers follow: "Chances of Previous Work Experience among Unemployed Youth,""Chances of Job Loss among Teenagers and Young Adults: Implications for Part Time Work," and "Characteristics of Unemployed Youths." These papers, using data from the 1979 Current Population Survey, found that age and school enrollment status are among the strongest correlates of desire for part-time versus full-time work, of previous work experience, and of chances of job loss among 16- through 24-year-olds in the civilian, non-institutional population of the United States during March, 1979. The papers are intended for planners and policy makers in vocational education as well as for students of the youth labor market. (Author/KC)
Published: 1981

46. Search for New Phenomena in Final States with Two Leptons and One or No b -Tagged Jets at s=13 TeV Using the ATLAS Detector

Author: John-Bjarne Hansen, Maheyer Jamshed Shroff, Clement Helsens, Lorenzo Pezzotti, Otmar Biebel, Peilong Wang, Takuya Nobe, Shahzad Ali, Joseph Mullin, Guy Rosin, Wing Sheung Chan, Jeffrey David Shahinian, Gerjan Bobbink, Simon Berlendis, Dmitry Golubkov, Katharina Schleicher, W. D. Breaden Madden, Kirill Grevtsov, Karel Smolek, Werner Wiedenmann, M. J. Alconada Verzini, Shunichi Akatsuka, Attila Krasznahorkay, Ilija Vukotic, Lukas Ehrke, Petter Nilsson, Panagiotis Gkountoumis, Xiangke Zhang, Rui Yuan, Anna Goussiou, Marco Sessa, Marisilvia Donadelli, Elisabetta Pianori, Blair Daniel Seidlitz, A. V. Kotwal, Daniel Hayden, R. J. Teuscher, Christopher Andrew Garner, Julia Lynne Gonski, S. Pagan Griso, Federico Sforza, Maria-evanthia Tsopoulou, Nikolai Zimine, D. Amidei, Jackson Carl Burzynski, Fabian Alexander Förster, D. Gillberg, Rupert Leitner, Edward Diehl, J. A. Aparisi Pozo, Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, Devin James Mahon, Evgeniy Khramov, Hideyuki Oide, Dugan O'Neil, Andy Chen, Robert Astalos, Emmanuel Monnier, R. S. Orr, R. Hyneman, Roman Lysak, Christian Wiel, Matthieu Robin, S. Calvente Lopez, Gordon Watts, W. Y. Chan, T. S. Lau, J. W. S. Carter, Kevin Nicholas Barends, Rafal Staszewski, Gabija Zemaityte, M. R. Sutton, Li Xu, Kun Liu, Nicholas Adam Styles, R. W. Wölker, Federico Meloni, V. Izzo, Mark Owen, Didier Ferrere, Simone Francescato, Lorenzo Marcoccia, Christos Vergis, Nuno Filipe Castro, Michael James Fenton, Haifeng Li, Luigi Marchese, Dario Barberis, A. G. Clark, Igor Gavrilenko, Matteo Bauce, Puja Saha, Marcel Michael Stanitzki, Evelin Bakos, Junji Tojo, Y. C. Zhu, Paolo Camarri, Stefan Tapprogge, Y. Kulchitsky, Fabrizio Alfonsi, Artur Cardoso Coimbra, Kate Shaw, Lorne Levinson, Adam Jinaru, S. H. Tlou, P. Conde Muiño, Giancarlo Spigo, Kathleen Whalen, Athina Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi, Barbara Wosiek, Trevor Vickey, Olga Zormpa, Phillip Gutierrez, Darij Markian Starko, M. Della Pietra, Xiaohu Sun, Y. S. Ng, Jafar Shojaii, Sarah Whitney Ferguson, Andrea Catinaccio, S. Li, A. Rocchi, Arnaud Ferrari, Lingxin Meng, Marcia Begalli, Ilaria Luise, Sebastian Andreas Merkt, Gideon Bella, Massimo Corradi, Mario Lassnig, A. Maio, Marc Geisen, Teresa Barillari, Marcus Morgenstern, M. K. Ayoub, Matthew Thomas Anthony, Dewen Zhong, G. R. Gonzalvo Rodriguez, Judith Hofer, R. Di Nardo, Shangfeng Yang, Callum Jacob Birch-Sykes, Ljiljana Morvaj, Chikuma Kato, Norbert Wermes, Marjorie Shapiro, Song-Ming Wang, Thomas James Stevenson, H. Herde, Pavol Strizenec, J. Salt, K. Graham, Siegfried Wenig, Raymond Brock, M. N. Agaras, Diptaparna Biswas, A. Rodriguez Rodriguez, Cheng Chen, Yusong Tian, Eric Drechsler, A. Di Ciaccio, Osamu Sasaki, S. George, K. Al Khoury, Abner Soffer, Jana Schaarschmidt, M. Valente, D. Fassouliotis, Trisha Farooque, Alexander Paramonov, Peter Berta, Jacqueline Batley, Sophie Trincaz-Duvoid, Kazuhiko Hara, Thomas Mathisen, Emmanuel Sauvan, Nedaa Asbah, G. Mikenberg, Giovanni Crosetti, Stefania Antonia Stucci, Giovanna Bruni, Klaus Mönig, S. De Castro, Stephen Albert Weber, Magdalena Slawinska, Shaojun Sun, Mark Kruse, Matous Vozak, A. Sbrizzi, Dennis Sperlich, Gareth Adam Bird, Filomena Sopkova, Lewis Joseph Wilkins, Ph. Schune, W-M. Yao, Alison Lister, Sebastien Rettie, K. H. Hiller, Bryan Kortman, Dale Charles Abbott, R. C. W. Henderson, Marija Glisic, Irina Antonela Cioara, Are Sivertsen Traeet, G. Lehmann Miotto, Jason Lea Oliver, Marine Kuna, Soshi Tsuno, S. L. Wu, Hamish Edward Teagle, Sara Strandberg, Tomomi Kawaguchi, Babar Ali, R.-J. Wang, Tracey Berry, Eric Schanet, Abdualazem Fadol Mohammed, Matthias Saimpert, Fabio Cerutti, R. Gupta, James David Shinner, Candice Ruth Basson, Giordon Holtsberg Stark, Daniela Salvatore, Marco Aurelio Diaz, Yumeng Cao, Tim Martin, Bernhard Matthias Flierl, Kerstin Tackmann, Olga Novgorodova, Marlon Barbero, Sicong Lu, Julien Donini, P. A. Delsart, Monika Wielers, C. F. Feng, Adam Edward Barton, D. Su, Gregory Barbour, Lars Henkelmann, Rena Wakasa, A. Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed, Paul Tipton, Allen Mincer, Anatoly Kozhin, Ryan Justin Atkin, David Francis, Marcello Fanti, A. C. Abusleme Hoffman, Pepijn Johannes Bakker, J. Beringer, J. Walder, Jun Yan, R. F. Coelho Barrue, Jiri Hejbal, Vincent Hedberg, Vadim Bednyakov, Stefan Simion, Angelos Tsiamis, Lily Asquith, Marco Aparo, Eric Ballabene, Garabed Halladjian, Shalu Solomon, Iacopo Longarini, Victor Kukhtin, Stefan Richter, Reiyo Oishi, A. De Maria, Eric Lancon, J. Boudreau, M. Franklin, Mohamed Ouchrif, Michael R. Wessels, Aaron Joseph Kilgallon, Philippe Calfayan, Ioannis Manthos, Heiko Lacker, P. van Gemmeren, Martin Sykora, Francesco Giuli, J. A. Parsons, Yuta Miyazaki, Ester Ricci, Lennart Adam, Tony Kwan, Renat Sadykov, Stefan Koperny, Julie Kirk, Craig Sawyer, Susanne Kersten, Aidan Grummer, Sebastian Grinstein, Silvia Franchino, Yang Yang, Maksim Penzin, Mohamed Belfkir, Marco Vanadia, Koichi Nagai, Theo Jean Megy, P. Sinervo, Wolfgang Mader, Rachael Ann Creager, Paul Jackson, A. Hadef, Benedikt Bergmann, Grigore Tarna, S. R. Paredes Saenz, Sally Seidel, T. Ingebretsen Carlson, C. Diez Pardos, Alberto Annovi, Kosuke Takeda, Darren Price, Fedor Prokoshin, Stephen Hillier, Ivan Gnesi, M.A. Haleem, Noemi Calace, C. Young, Bengt Lund-Jensen, Alexander Melzer, Pierre Savard, Paul Fraser Harrison, M. J. Shochet, Alexandre Rozanov, Daniel Stefaniak Nielsen, Jonas Wuerzinger, Claudio Santoni, Laurelle Maria Veloce, D. Oliveira Damazio, Stephen Jiggins, Todd Seiss, Dj. Sijacki, Max Maerker, Tatiana Klioutchnikova, Claudia Gemme, Francesco Giuseppe Gravili, Ioannis Gkialas, Diana Pyatiizbyantseva, S. Perrella, E. Perez Codina, C. Lacasta, Virginia Ruth Bailey, Miroslav Myska, R. K. Keeler, Luis Hervas, Aaron White, Xiaowen Su, Filip Backman, D. Boscherini, Louis-Guillaume Gagnon, Michele Renda, Yicheng Guo, Andrea Matic, Konstantin Lehmann, Alexandre Lebedev, Zainab Soumaimi, David Cameron, Giulia Ripellino, Liang Li, Tomasz Bold, D. Pietreanu, Sandra Kortner, Susumu Oda, P. Kodys, J. S. Keller, Aaron Foley Webb, Ava Anne Myers, P. Morettini, A. Di Luca, Laurent Serin, M. I. Martínez, R. M. Barnett, Federica Piazza, Francois Vazeille, Jay Ajitbhai Sandesara, Jana Faltova, Alexey Kharlamov, Vadim Kostyukhin, Shixiang Su, Tomas Sykora, Kaushik De, Saverio D'Auria, Valery Schegelsky, Sabrina Groh, Filip Nechansky, A. Di Girolamo, Pavel Shatalov, Mario Campanelli, Jochen Dingfelder, Ryuichi Takashima, Ettore Zaffaroni, Alexander Armstrong, Gabriela Navarro, Veronica Fabiani, J. M. Clavijo Columbie, Damir Duvnjak, D. Sampsonidou, Vakhtang Tsulaia, Shreya Saha, Yuzhan Zhao, Badr-Eddine Ngair, Luigi Sabetta, Philip Phillips, Samuel Silverstein, Chav Chhiv Chau, Philipp Thomas Koenig, Jens Weingarten, A. Koulouris, S. D. Worm, Christian Kahra, K. E. Kennedy, Iza Veliscek, Massimo Lazzaroni, Alexi Gongadze, Giovanni Darbo, Oliver Stelzer-Chilton, L. Martinelli, Marianna Testa, Holly Ann Pacey, Simen Hellesund, Graeme Stewart, S. J. Chen, Yongsun Kim, Pavel Podberezko, Tomoki Saito, Mattias Ellert, Janet Dietrich, Lesya Anna Horyn, Borut Paul Kerševan, Inga Katarzyna Lakomiec, Kamal Saoucha, Francesco Costanza, I. Dawson, Stanislava Sevova, Dongshuo Du, Ioannis Xiotidis, Tom McCarthy, Y. Li, Friedemann Neuhaus, A. J. Beddall, Hajime Nanjo, Alexander Basan, Jannicke Andree Pearkes, Yulin Gao, S. V. Zeißner, H. H. Williams, Giada Mancini, Tomas Komarek, Georgios Iakovidis, C. Wanotayaroj, Jemal Khubua, Andrei Alexandru Geanta, C. Zhu, Y. El Ghazali, M. Moreno Llácer, Bastian Schlag, Hannes Mildner, S. Todorova-Nova, Allison Mccarn Deiana, Hiroaki Hibi, Nicolas Scharmberg, Jun Gao, D. Shaked Renous, Giulia Gonella, Tony Liss, R. Gonçalo, Leonardo Paolo Rossi, Albert Francis Casha, J. Huston, Federica Pasquali, Souad Batlamous, Vanja Morisbak, T. R. Van Daalen, Katsuo Tokushuku, Malik Aliev, Giovandomenico Carducci, K. K. Gan, Maria Giovanna Foti, P. M. Tuts, J. Geisen, Albert Olariu, Andre Schoening, A. Lanza, H. Ten Kate, D. De Pedis, Alberto Stabile, Iwona Grabowska-Bold, Alaettin Serhan Mete, Constantine Papadatos, Huan Yu Meng, Silvia Resconi, Tim Adye, P. J. Hsu, Sigve Haug, Maria-Teresa Dova, Mattias Birman, Joern Grosse-Knetter, Uta Klein, Maria Smizanska, Siegfried Bethke, Caterina Doglioni, Manisha Manisha, Polyneikis Tzanis, Oldrich Kepka, Christof Sauer, Verena Maria Walbrecht, Zdenek Hubacek, Adam Jackson Parker, A. Ventura, Armin Michael Nairz, Stanislav Tokár, J. Ocariz, Petr Sicho, Chrysostomos Valderanis, Yohei Yamaguchi, Gianluca Alimonti, Rainer Stamen, Sergey Barsov, Sergio Grancagnolo, Miriam Watson, Anastasia Kurova, A. T. H. Arce, Damir Fabrice Rassloff, Jacob Julian Kempster, Christos Anastopoulos, Joseph Haley, Thorben Swirski, Y. Amaral Coutinho, Laurent Schoeffel, Brian Petersen, T. Lari, Johannes Frederic Damp, C. Zeitnitz, Paolo Sabatini, Mikhail Demichev, Gianantonio Pezzullo, Auriane Canesse, Namig Javadov, Xiangyu Xie, Arnulf Quadt, Samuel Dysch, Valerio D'Amico, Marcelo Vogel, A. Ezhilov, Tamar Djobava, Luca Clissa, Corentin Allaire, Vadim Gratchev, Tatiana Lyubushkina, Yunyun Fan, Jianqiao Ye, Marco Lavorgna, Marcello Bindi, Alexander Held, Peter Loch, Giorgio Chiarelli, Mihail Chizhov, Eleanor Jones, Bruno Mansoulie, Paul Newman, Carl Gwilliam, Tristan Andrew Ruggeri, Paolo Calafiura, Sinan Kuday, Masahiro Morinaga, R. Camacho Toro, Michel Raymond, Alessia Renardi, Bruce Schumm, Leonardo Merola, Andrea Coccaro, Leonid Kurchaninov, M. J. Kobel, J. P. Mc Gowan, Shoji Asai, Claire Malone, Thomas Lohse, Michele Michetti, Waleed Syed Ahmed, N. E. Pettersson, Guido Gagliardi, Givi Sekhniaidze, D. R. Shope, Adam Elliott Jaspan, Guennadi Borissov, Chuan-Feng Li, D. Xu, Alexei Klimentov, M. J. Oreglia, Geoffrey Gilles, Y. W. Liu, Aliaksei Hrynevich, Arif Bayirli, K. Nakamura, Aytul Adiguzel, Dmitri Tsybychev, Andrea Sansoni, Shigeru Odaka, Kim Katrin Heidegger, Jiangyong Jia, Stefano Terzo, K. Potamianos, L. F. Oleiro Seabra, Ondrej Hladik, Michael Glenn Eggleston, Krisztian Peters, Adrian Chitan, Yoav Afik, Archil Durglishvili, Ralf P. Richter, Ludovico Pontecorvo, Sven Menke, Claudia Seitz, Kevin Kroeninger, Helen Hayward, Elemer Nagy, Benjamin Wynne, Anton Wolf, Nicole Michelle Hartman, Yi Fei Han, Antonio Giannini, Audrey Katherine Kvam, Martine Bosman, B. J. Liu, J. K. R. Meshreki, Stylianos Angelidakis, Janusz Chwastowski, Frederic Deliot, C. Di Donato, Xing Long Li, Sergio Gonzalez-Sevilla, Francesco Spanò, V. S. Lang, S. Falke, Christian Grefe, L. Di Ciaccio, Mohammad Jawad Kareem, Vladislavs Plesanovs, Daniel John Wilbern, Uli Schäfer, Iain Alexander Bertram, Panagiotis Bellos, C. Gonzalez Renteria, J.C. Wang, B. Parida, Petr Tas, A. De Salvo, Radek Novotny, Koji Terashi, Tobias Flick, Gabriele D'amen, Laura Gonella, David Calvet, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, J. Albert, Luca Franco, J. L. Nagle, P. Martinez Agullo, T. R. V. Billoud, Y. W. Y. Ng, Andrey Ryzhov, Francesco Lacava, Thomas Beermann, Ivan Yeletskikh, J. T. P. Burr, Vladimir Zhulanov, Mogens Dam, Sean Joseph Gasiorowski, Yee Chinn Yap, Giuseppe Salamanna, Ines Ochoa, K. Becker, Zuzana Rurikova, V. Araujo Ferraz, Hadar Yosef Cohen, F. J. Munoz Sanchez, Emma Sian Kuwertz, Tobias Klingl, Michael Rijssenbeek, Fabrizio Trovato, Marian Benedikt Rendel, Oleg Kuprash, Val O'Shea, T. Vazquez Schroeder, Arunika Sahu, Jan Kretzschmar, Yanhui Ma, G. A. Vasquez, Didier Lacour, Ondrej Penc, Margherita Primavera, Matthias Mentink, Gonzalo Enrique Orellana, Josh Moss, Enrique Kajomovitz, M. V. Silva Oliveira, Daniel Lawrence Briglin, Dave Charlton, Aaron Paul O'Neill, Andre Rummler, Craig Buttar, M-S. Barisits, Francesco Ragusa, Vit Vorobel, M. E. Nelson, Lawrence Davou Christopher, Yuta Okazaki, Joseph Patton, Jakob Novak, Omer Ogul Oncel, Yann Coadou, Faig Ahmadov, Blake Burghgrave, Lerothodi Leonard Leeuw, Xuai Zhuang, Samira Hassani, C. Da Via, Maximilian Paul Rinnagel, Ole Røhne, Frank Siegert, Wenkai Zou, Judith Katzy, Kla Karava, Libor Nozka, Syed Haider Abidi, M. Madugoda Ralalage Don, M. Wittgen, A. Onofre, Bianca Monica Ciungu, L. A. M. Wiik-Fuchs, Henry Lubatti, Marta Maria Perego, E. Yu. Soldatov, Raquel Pezoa, Niklaus Lehmann, Greg Myers, Juan Terron, Frederic Schroeder, C. A. Johnson, Xiaocong Ai, Fang-ying Tsai, C. Pitman Donaldson, Aishik Ghosh, Jan Cedric Honig, Hulin Wang, Monique A. M. Gignac, Alexander Solodkov, Yun-Ju Lu, Lauren Tompkins, Mikael Chala, Irena Nikolic-Audit, G. Otero y Garzon, Jesal Mandalia, N. Lorenzo Martinez, Konstantin Vorobev, Petr Jacka, Manfredi Ronzani, Lukas Heinrich, Riccardo Longo, Fabien Jeanneau, P. S. Wells, Martina Javurkova, Luca Fiorini, M. A. Pleier, Qiang Li, Michele Livan, Alexios Stampekis, Ken Matthias Kreul, Corinne Goy, Victor Maleev, Karl Jakobs, Dalila Salamani, Thomas LeCompte, B. Martin dit Latour, C. P. Ward, Yohei Noguchi, Enrico Junior Schioppa, Tim Scanlon, Stefano Veneziano, Jens Roggel, M. Miralles Lopez, Olaf Nackenhorst, S. González de la Hoz, G. Khoriauli, Gilberto Giugliarelli, Christian Weber, Laurynas Mince, Luca Pizzimento, B. Stanislaus, Annick Lleres, Vincent Kitali, Laura Franconi, K. O. H. Vadla, Hayden Alexander Smith, Daniel Mauricio Rauch, M. P. Giordani, Tomoya Iizawa, David South, Abdellah Tnourji, Raimund Ströhmer, Bernard Brickwedde, Pablo Rivadeneira, M. Beretta, Hong-Liang Cui, Evgenii Baldin, A. Roy, Louis Helary, Michele Pinamonti, Sabine Lammers, Volker Büscher, Luca Ambroz, Alexandros Marantis, R. de Asmundis, Felix Fidelio Klitzner, Marek Tasevsky, A. T. Goshaw, E. Rossi, Smita Darmora, Hernan Wahlberg, L. D. Corpe, Maria Teresa Camerlingo, Falk Bartels, Andrey Kamenshchikov, Alexander Lory, Yaquan Fang, Patrick Rieck, Kirill Prokofiev, Stefanie Todt, J. Von Ahnen, Anna Mastroberardino, Kenneth Wraight, David Kirchmeier, N. De Groot, J. A. Kremer, Benedetto Giacobbe, S. Yu. Smirnov, Lidia Smirnova, Dimitrii Krasnopevtsev, Laurent Chevalier, Tetiana Hryn'ova, Thomas Naumann, Rabia Shaheen, Riccardo-Maria Bianchi, Gregory David Hallewell, Jianming Qian, Jiri Dolejsi, L. Pascual Dominguez, James Boyd, Carlo Enrico Pandini, Jordy Degens, Andrey Kiryunin, Ioannis Maznas, K. A. Johns, Pingchuan Zhao, Joseph Izen, Nathan Lalloue, Catrin Bernius, P. Gadow, Sergey Karpov, Oleg Zenin, Goetz Gaycken, Alessandra Ciocio, K. Sliwa, Nikolai Rusakovich, Kevin Varvell, D. J. Lewis, Arnaud Duperrin, Heather Gray, Hao Zhou, Steven Williams, Gabriella Gaudio, Cecilia Tosciri, Dominik Babal, Timothy Barklow, Daria Zieminska, T. A. du Pree, S. Prell, Kurt Keys Hill, Stephanie Zimmermann, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, Zekeriya Uysal, Nicolas Morange, Andrey Karyukhin, Buddhadeb Mondal, Jie Zhang, Terry Richard Wyatt, James H Cochran, Markus Schumacher, Marcela Mikestikova, Matthew Feickert, Raphael Vuillermet, Claudia Glasman, Tae Min Hong, Daniel Mori, Yanjun Tu, Blake Christopher Forland, Riccardo Vari, Maria Pilar Casado, J. Proudfoot, James Andrew Kendrick, Christian Scharf, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, Stavros Maltezos, Ryu Sawada, Anne-Sophie Berthold, Juansher Jejelava, Carsten Daniel Burgard, Shyam Balaji, Lorenzo Feligioni, Maximilian Hils, Heinz Pernegger, Alexander Oh, Andrej Filipcic, Alexey Buzykaev, William Keaton Balunas, Bernd Stelzer, Maria Florencia Daneri, Kingman Cheung, Josu Cantero, A. Andreazza, Yoram Rozen, F. Luehring, Lydia Roos, Yi-Tao Wang, Kazuya Mochizuki, Minori Fujimoto, Peter Love, Maximilian Georg Herrmann, Thomas Malte Spieker, Jan Thomas Kuechler, Andreas Lokken Heggelund, Jesse Heilman, G. A. Chelkov, Bogdan Malaescu, David Dodsworth, Dennis Perepelitsa, Emma Tolley, Shogo Kido, Andrei Snesarev, Elena Murielle Freundlich, Ahmimed Ouraou, Akanksha Vishwakarma, Hajar Imam, Teresa Lenz, Yuan Xu, Emily Anne Thompson, Adam Kaluza, Veronique Boisvert, Zhaorong Wang, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann, A. R. Weidberg, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, Nobuo Matsuzawa, Janna Katharina Behr, Yury Smirnov, Alexander Cheplakov, Robin Hayes, Matthew Peter Heath, Chris Hays, Tord Ekelof, Monica Verducci, S. Ketabchi Haghighat, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, A. Baroncelli, O. Estrada Pastor, Alec Swenson Drobac, Ioannis Nomidis, A. T. Watson, V. Kartvelishvili, Benoit Lefebvre, S. P. Mc Kee, Arisa Kubota, Lorenzo Paolozzi, Alessandro Ambler, Heberth Torres, S. Tapia Araya, Izaac Sanderswood, Nurcan Ozturk, S. Heim, Kayla Dawn McLean, Mieczyslaw Witold Krasny, C. Beirão Da Cruz E Silva, R. Bartoldus, M. A. L. Leite, J. S. Lange, Giancarlo Panizzo, Chen Zhou, Evangelos Gazis, Milos Lokajicek, Karel Cerny, Alessandro Gabrielli, Savannah Clawson, Sean Dean Lawlor, Hisaya Kurashige, Martin Klassen, Bo Li, M. Kuze, Evgueni Ladygin, Laura Fabbri, Mariusz Przybycien, Konstantin Zhukov, Miha Zgubic, Cherifa Sabrina Amrouche, S. R. Hou, A. Lösle, Antonio Ereditato, Jörgen Sjölin, Andre Sopczak, Kazuki Todome, Natasha Hehir, Michael Andrew Parker, Dominique Godin, Mossadek Talby, E. Sideras Haddad, Wade Cameron Fisher, Davide Malito, Russell James Turner, James Baker Beacham, Zhi Zheng, W. J. Murray, S. Sharma, Nico Madysa, George Redlinger, Yasuyuki Okumura, Daniel Froidevaux, Tyler James Burch, Giovanni Bartolini, Nihal Brahimi, Jacopo Magro, Y. Jiang, Benjamin Rottler, Claude Guyot, Sinead Farrington, Reisaburo Tanaka, Liang Guan, Alexander Emerman, David Reikher, Ovidiu Miu, T. Lagouri, J. L. Munoz Martinez, Luc Goossens, Natalia Korotkova, C. P. A. Roland, L. K. 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Liu, Xin Wu, Abdenour Lounis, Yi Fan Hu, Rong Zhang, Jahred Adelman, Alain Bellerive, Takashi Mitani, Harry Cooke, Christian Nass, G. N. Taylor, Marco Bomben, C. L. Cheng, Nansi Andari, Lianyou Shan, Richard Nisius, Simone Sottocornola, Stergios Kazakos, Shuaiyan Kang, Melissa Ridel, Deshan Kavishka Abhayasinghe, Michael Dührssen, Henso Abreu, Arabinda Behera, Troels Petersen, Francesco Lanni, Nikolai Fomin, Benjamin Brau, Zihang Jia, Nazim Huseynov, Jaroslava Schovancova, Wenge Wang, E. Thomson, Matteo Negrini, L. Zhang, S. Rodriguez Bosca, Seppe Kuehn, R. E. Long, Christian Ohm, Nandish Arjan Gorasia, Q. Ouyang, Alice Polyxeni Morris, Xiaoxiong Wang, Ilya Korolkov, M. G. Alviggi, Peiliang Liu, Zhiqing Zhang, Balazs Konya, Xiaoguang Yue, Ben Bruers, Alicia Wongel, J. A. Valls Ferrer, Sascha Mehlhase, Marco Cristoforetti, L. Aperio Bella, Nikolaos Rompotis, Ruth Poettgen, Gregor Kramberger, Cigdem Issever, Peter Steinberg, Anatoli Romaniouk, Horst Severini, Cyril Becot, C. M. Gee, Trygve Buanes, Kevin Sedlaczek, S. Ozturk, Christopher Don Milke, J. Tanaka, Y. Hernández Jiménez, Wen-Xu Wang, Vladimir Smakhtin, J. O. Nielsen, Aviv Ruben Cukierman, Paolo Bagnaia, Apostolos Tsirigotis, Guang-Ming Zhang, D. Levin, Karsten Köneke, E. von Toerne, Rachid Mazini, Joyful Elma Mdhluli, R. J. Hawkings, J. Chen, D. Pohl, L. F. Gutierrez Zagazeta, Gabriel Alexandru Popeneciu, Marcel Vos, S. Gonzalez Fernandez, Gavin Pownall, M. C. N. Fiolhais, Chuanshun Wei, Georges Aad, Leonid Serkin, Hubert Kroha, Hong Ma, Lara Katharina Schildgen, Cheng Guang Zhu, Matt Zhang, Peter Tornambe, Jennifer Kathryn Roloff, P. J. Clark, M. Rezaei Estabragh, F. G. Diaz Capriles, J. Kroll, A. Pacheco Pages, Hidetoshi Otono, Alexandre Laurier, P. Johansson, William Trischuk, Alexandra Tudorache, Carmen Maidantchik, L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho, A. P. 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Bjørke, K. Zhang, Shaun Roe, S. Tzamarias, Farid Ould-Saada, Harry John Lyons, R. Iuppa, Evan Michael Carlson, Olga Rezanova, Samuel Calvet, Bryn Arthur Roberts, Charles Leggett, Fabian Huegging, N. Nishu, Alex Martyniuk, Wolfgang Wagner, Simonetta Gentile, Marie-Hélène Genest, Minghui Liu, Ivan Pogrebnyak, Matteo Franchini, Igor Aleksandrov, Ruth Magdalena Jacobs, Alessandro Lapertosa, Chen Peng, Rute Pedro, Miha Muskinja, J. B. Liu, Patrick Bauer, Benjamin John Rosser, Andrea Doria, Monica Dunford, Daniel Williams, Y. Wu, Atsuhiko Ochi, E. Fullana Torregrosa, M. E. Pozo Astigarraga, Armin Fehr, Laura Perini, Andreas Salzburger, Zachary Pollock, Martin Errenst, Stephen Haywood, S. Van Stroud, Walter Lampl, Shuangxi Wang, William Dale Heidorn, Lorenzo Rinaldi, F. Parodi, M. LeBlanc, Chris Malena Delitzsch, Thomas Paul Charman, Krzysztof Woźniak, Henri Bachacou, Daniel Fournier, David Miller, Eric Edward Corrigan, Nikiforos Nikiforou, Leonardo Carminati, Francesca Ungaro, Christopher Potter, Gabriel Stoicea, Philip Patrick Allport, Christoph Rembser, Gabriel Facini, Etienne Dreyer, Alexander Lincoln Read, Jessica Levêque, Brendon Bullard, Radu Hobincu, R. Gamboa Goni, S. Passaggio, Luiz Caloba, Henric George Wilkens, Sabina Czekierda, Michael A. Strauss, Joel Hengwei Foo, M. Kaneda, Maximiliano Sioli, Marco Delmastro, Fridolin Dittus, Yan Ke, Miao Liu, H. Arnold, G. H. A. Viehhauser, Tomas Davidek, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic, Melissa Yexley, Michael Düren, Danping Huang, Tobias Golling, Adam Bailey, Eleni Myrto Asimakopoulou, Vangelis Vladimirov, Xiaotong Chu, Peter Sherwood, Pavel Starovoitov, Bernhard Meirose, Cristiano David Sebastiani, Marianna Liberatore, Rahul Balasubramanian, M. A. B. do Vale, A. A. Affolder, Lukas Adamek, Antonio Sidoti, Ian Hinchliffe, Emily Ann Smith, Shikma Bressler, Mariya Shiyakova, Feng Lyu, and Danilo Giugni
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, ATLAS experiment, General Physics and Astronomy, Lambda, Coupling (probability), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Invariant mass, 010306 general physics, Lepton
Abstract: A search for new phenomena is presented in final states with two leptons and one or no $b$-tagged jets. The event selection requires the two leptons to have opposite charge, the same flavor (electrons or muons), and a large invariant mass. The analysis is based on the full Run-2 proton-proton collision dataset recorded at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. No significant deviation from the expected background is observed in the data. A four-fermion contact interaction between two quarks ($b,s$) and two leptons ($ee$ or $\mu\mu$), inspired by the $B$-meson decay anomalies, is used as a benchmark signal model. This model is characterized by the energy scale and coupling, $\Lambda$ and $g_*$ respectively. Contact interactions with $\Lambda / g_*$ lower than 2.0 (2.4) TeV are excluded for electrons (muons) at the 95% confidence level, still far below the value which is favored by the $B$-meson decay anomalies. In addition, model-independent limits are set as a function of the selection on the dilepton invariant mass, which allows the results to be reinterpreted in other signal scenarios.
Published: 2021