167 results on '"David J, White"'
Search Results
2. Negative urgency is related to impaired response inhibition during threatening conditions
- Author
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Ariel D. Roxburgh, David J. White, and Brian R. Cornwell
- Subjects
Anxiety ,Stop-signal task ,UPPS ,Sensation seeking ,Negative urgency ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
While it has been argued that impulsivity and inhibition are unrelated, previous evidence suggests that the relationship between the two can only be seen when their characteristics are closely matched. The negative urgency subscale of the UPPS-P describes impulsive action during negative affect. This was predicted to correlate more strongly with stop-signal reaction-time (SSRT) during threatening conditions than non-threatening conditions. Healthy participants (N = 68) completed the stop-signal task in threatening (induced by threat-of-shock) and non-threatening conditions after completing the UPPS-P and Spielberg State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scales. Negative urgency correlated with the difference in SSRT (threat – safe) after controlling for other variables. Conversely, similar correlations were not observed for positive urgency, suggesting threat increases the poorer inhibition seen in those high on negative urgency but not for those high on positive urgency. Additionally, sensation seeking correlated with the difference in SSRT (threat – safe) in the opposite direction, suggesting sensation seeking was related to a reduction in the effect of threat. The findings suggest the relationship between negative urgency and inhibition is facilitated by threatening conditions and that high sensation seekers experience threatening stimuli differently.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. RETRACTED: The Association Between Diet and Cardio-Metabolic Risk on Cognitive Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study of Middle-Aged Australian Adults
- Author
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Sarah Gauci, Lauren M. Young, Lizanne Arnoldy, Andrew Scholey, David J. White, Annie-Claude Lassemillante, Denny Meyer, and Andrew Pipingas
- Subjects
diet ,cognition ,cardio-metabolic risk ,mediterranean diet ,MIND diet ,DASH diet ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Adherence to different dietary patterns has been linked to the development of cognitive decline; yet little is known about whether this relationship is present in middle age. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between different dietary patterns, cognitive performance, and potential cardio-metabolic mechanisms for this relationship. Participants were recruited using a diet screening tool to ensure that the cohort had a range of diet quality ranging from relatively poor to relatively healthy. In a sample of 141 middle-aged adults (age: M = 52.84 years, SD = 6.87 years), multiple 24 h diet recalls were collected and used to score adherence to the Mediterranean diet, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, and Mediterranean–DASH diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet. Metabolic risk was assessed using the metabolic syndrome severity score (MetSSS) and arterial stiffness. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB). Adherence to the MIND diet was significantly related to Stroop Processing domain (β = 0.19, p = 0.035). None of the dietary patterns were significantly related to MetSSS or arterial stiffness. However, adherence to the DASH diet was significantly associated with two cardio-metabolic measures including lower augmentation index (β = −0.17, p = 0.032) and lowered cholesterol (β = −0.18, p = 0.041). Interestingly, two cardio-metabolic risk factors were also associated with better cognitive performance: MetSSS (β = 0.21, p = 0.010) and waist circumference (β = 0.22, p = 0.020). Together these findings suggest that diet in middle age may be important for cognitive functioning and cardio-metabolic risk. However, more research is needed in the form of randomized controlled trials to confirm the direction of these relationships.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Leukotrienes Are Dispensable for Vaginal Neutrophil Recruitment as Part of the Immunopathological Response During Experimental Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
- Author
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Junko Yano, David J. White, Anthony P. Sampson, Floyd L. Wormley, and Paul L. Fidel
- Subjects
vulvovaginal candidiasis ,Candida albicans ,immunopathology ,leukotriene receptor antagonists ,inflammatory responses ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the vaginal lumen is the hallmark of an acute immunopathologic inflammatory response during vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida albicans. Recurrent VVC (RVVC) remains a chronic health burden in affected women worldwide despite the use of antifungal therapy. Based on the role leukotrienes (LTs) play in promoting inflammation, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) targeted for LTB4 (etalocib) or LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 (zafirlukast or montelukast) have been shown to reduce inflammation of epithelial tissues. An open-label pilot study using long-term regimens of zafirlukast in women with RVVC indicated the potential for some relief from recurrent episodes. To investigate this clinical observation further, we evaluated the effects of LT antagonistic agents and LT deficiency on the immunopathogenic response in a mouse model of VVC. Results showed that mice given daily intraperitoneal injections of individual LTRAs, starting 2days prior to vaginal inoculation with C. albicans and continuing through 14days post-inoculation, had no measurable reduction in PMN migration. The LTRAs were also ineffective in reducing levels of the hallmark vaginal inflammatory markers (S100A8, IL-1β) and tissue damage (LDH) associated with the immunopathogenic response. Finally, LT-deficient 5-lipoxygenase knockout mice showed comparable levels of vaginal fungal burden and PMN infiltration to wild-type mice following inoculation with a vaginal (ATCC 96113) or laboratory (SC5314) C. albicans isolate. These results indicate that despite some clinical evidence suggestive of off-target efficacy of LTRAs in RVVC, LTs and associated signaling pathways appear to be dispensable in the immunopathogenesis of VVC.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Investigating the Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Cognition, Mood and Biochemical Markers in Middle-Aged Adults with ‘Optimal’ and ‘Sub-Optimal’ Diets: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial
- Author
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Lauren M. Young, Sarah Gauci, Lizanne Arnoldy, Laura Martin, Naomi Perry, David J. White, Denny Meyer, Annie-Claude Lassemillante, Edward Ogden, Beata Silber, Andrew Scholey, and Andrew Pipingas
- Subjects
B vitamins ,Bacopa monniera ,Ginkgo biloba ,cognition ,mood ,diet quality ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Background: Previous randomized controlled trials examining cognitive and mood effects of combination multivitamin supplements in healthy, non-clinical adults have reported mixed results. One purported explanation for this is that the dietary status of participants at the start of supplement interventions may influence the magnitude of the effect of supplementation. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of a multinutrient formula containing B group vitamins, Bacopa monniera and Ginkgo biloba on memory, attention, mood and biochemical markers of nutrient status in middle-aged adults (M = 52.84 years, n = 141) with ‘optimal’ and ‘sub-optimal’ diets over 12 weeks. We hypothesised that active supplementation would differentially improve memory and attention in those with a ‘sub-optimal’ diet. Results: Mixed model, repeated measures analysis revealed that, in comparison to placebo, active treatment was associated with significant increases in B vitamin status (B1, B6, B12). Regarding behavioural outcomes there was no significant benefit to memory (F(1, 113.51) = 0.53, p = 0.470) nor attention (F(1,113.77) = 1.89, p = 0.171) in the whole cohort. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was a significant beneficial effect of supplementation on attentional performance in individuals with an ‘optimal’ diet prior to supplementation (F(1,57.25) = 4.94, p = 0.030). In the absence of a main effect of supplementation across the entire cohort, there were also a number of significant three-way interactions (treatment by time by diet group) detected in secondary outcomes including lower state anxiety and mental fatigue in those with an ‘optimal’ diet. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the cognitive benefit of B vitamin and herbal supplementation may be dependent on diet quality, supporting the concepts of ‘co-nutrient optimisation’ and interdependency of nutrients. This warrants further investigation. This study advocates characterising the diet of participants prior to supplementation as it may influence the effect of a nutraceutical intervention.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Evaluation of Reclaimed Hydrated Fly Ash as an Aggregate for Sustainable Roadway Base Material
- Author
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Mark H. Wayne, David J. White, Jayhyun Kwon, and Jacek Kawalec
- Subjects
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
This paper summarizes the findings from laboratory and field performance testing of reclaimed hydrated class C fly ash (HFA) stabilized with a triangular aperture geogrid. This phase of testing was performed on HFA laboratory specimens and field test sections. The laboratory test results provided estimates for design input values, while the field testing assessed performance characteristics including the as-constructed modulus of the subgrade reaction, the in situ resilient modulus, and permanent deformation. For the laboratory portion, all results were derived from tests conducted on specimens immediately after sample preparation and after a 7-day cure. The compressive strength of reclaimed hydrated class C fly ash increases with curing. The strength of the HFA material can be further increased when mixed with a chemical stabilizer. For this project, chemical stabilization with lime was not viable because the lime supplier was too far from both HFA source and project site. Based on cyclic plate load tests, the in situ resilient modulus of the HFA and geogrid-stabilized HFA layers were determined on site. This paper reports the findings from the laboratory and field plate load test and highlights the potential use of geogrids in the stabilization of HFA.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Self-Selection Bias: An Essential Design Consideration for Nutrition Trials in Healthy Populations
- Author
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Lauren M. Young, Sarah Gauci, Andrew Scholey, David J. White, and Andrew Pipingas
- Subjects
self-selection bias ,study design ,nutrient status ,randomized controlled trials ,nutrient effects ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Many researchers have identified the issue of self-selection bias hindering the ability to detect nutrient effects in healthy populations. However, it appears that no effort has been made to mitigate this potential design flaw. By recruiting individuals on the basis of pre-trial dietary intake, the Memory and Attention Supplementation Trial aimed to capture a cohort of participants with a wide variety of dietary intake, thus increasing the likelihood of a diverse range of nutrient status. This perspective specifically examines the profile of these trial volunteers and in doing so, we present the first empirical evidence of self-selection bias when recruiting healthy volunteers for a randomized controlled trial of a nutrient-based supplement. These findings support the anecdotal proposal that traditional recruitment methods inherently attract trial volunteers who are vastly unrepresentative of the population and threatens the generalizability of this field of research. Alternative approaches to recruitment, including a-priori screening for baseline diet quality and nutrient status, are discussed as essential design recommendations to ensure accurate interpretation of nutrient effects within the context of baseline participant characteristics.
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- 2020
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8. Ovationes Anni Salutis MMXXII
- Author
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David J. White
- Published
- 2022
9. Avian Egg Timers: Female Cowbirds Judge Past, Present, and Future When Making Nest Parasitism Decisions
- Author
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David J. White
- Subjects
cowbird ,cognition ,timing ,nest parasitism ,egg laying ,Evolution ,QH359-425 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
The cognitive demands associated with brood parasitism are substantial. Not only must female parasites locate nests and assess their suitability for parasitism, they must also time parasitism to correspond with the breeding behavior of the host. Keeping track of the reproductive state of hosts for a variety of nests allows the parasite to select a nest where their egg can be incubated successfully. Thus, nest selection decisions are integral to obligate brood parasites’ reproductive success. In captive breeding flocks of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), I provided females access to mock nests that varied in the number of eggs present. By changing the number of eggs added to nests across days, I studied (1) females’ abilities to time a host nest’s readiness for parasitism and (2) the timing of females’ nest selection decisions. I found that cowbirds can attend to the amount of time that elapsed since a host egg was added to a nest and can use that information to choose a nest for parasitism. Females made their choice of nest during prospecting the day before they laid, and, once decided, they did not update their decisions on the day of laying. Taken together, the results reveal that female cowbirds process substantial amounts of information about location, time, number, and rate in order to plan for future parasitism. This research program reveals that species-typical decisions integrate a variety of general and specialized cognitive abilities to allow females to behave adaptively and maximize reproductive success.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Functional Connectivity of the Anterior and Posterior Hippocampus: Differential Effects of Glucose in Younger and Older Adults
- Author
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Riccarda Peters, David J. White, Brian R. Cornwell, and Andrew Scholey
- Subjects
resting-state fMRI ,glucose ,spatial navigation ,hippocampus ,aging ,cognition ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The hippocampus features structurally and functionally distinct anterior and posterior segments. Relatively few studies have examined how these change during aging or in response to pharmacological interventions. Alterations in hippocampal connectivity and changes in glucose regulation have each been associated with cognitive decline in aging. A distinct line of research suggests that administration of glucose can lead to a transient improvement in hippocampus-dependent memory. Here, we probe age, glucose and human cognition with a special emphasis on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the hippocampus along its longitudinal axis to the rest of the brain. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design 32 healthy adults (16 young and 16 older) ingested a drink containing 25 g glucose or placebo across two counter balanced sessions. They then underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and cognitive testing. There was a clear dissociation in the effects of glucose by age. Magnitude change in rsFC from posterior hippocampus (pHPC) to medial frontal cortex (mPFC) was correlated with individual glucose regulation and gains in performance on a spatial navigation task. Our results demonstrate that glucose administration can attenuate cognitive performance deficits in older adults with impaired glucose regulation and suggest that increases in pHPC-mPFC rsFC are beneficial for navigation task performance in older participants.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. GABA and Glutamate response to social processing; a functional MRS study
- Author
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Duanghathai Pasanta, David J. White, Jason L. He, Talitha C. Ford, and Nicolaas A. Puts
- Abstract
Several studies have suggested that atypical social processing in multiple psychiatric conditions (e.g., autism) is associated with differences in excitation and inhibition, through changes in the levels of glutamate and GABA levels. While associations between baseline metabolite levels and behaviours can be insightful, assessing the neurometabolic response of GABA and Glutamate during social processing may inform altered neurochemical function in more depth. Thus far, there have been no attempts to determine whether changes in metabolite levels are detectable using functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) during social processing in a control population. We performed MEGA-PRESS edited fMRS to measure the dynamic response of GABA and glutamate in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and visual cortex (V1) while viewing social stimuli, using a design that allows for analysis in both block and event-related approaches. Sliding window analyses were used to investigate GABA and glutamate dynamics at higher temporal resolution. A small decrease in GABA levels was observed during social stimulus presentation in V1, but no change was observed in STS. Conversely, non-social stimulus elicited changes in both GABA and glutamate levels in both regions. We discuss the feasibility of using fMRS analysis approaches to assess changes in metabolite response during social processing.
- Published
- 2023
12. Corrigendum: The association between diet and cardio-metabolic risk on cognitive performance: A cross-sectional study of middle-aged Australian adults
- Author
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Sarah Gauci, Lauren M. Young, Lizanne Arnoldy, Andrew Scholey, David J. White, Annie-Claude Lassemillante, Denny Meyer, and Andrew Pipingas
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Food Science - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Wavelet Filter Design for Pavement Roughness Analysis.
- Author
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Ahmad Alhasan, David J. White, and Kris De Brabanter
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Diet May Moderate the Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults
- Author
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Andrew Scholey, Andrew Pipingas, David J. White, Jeffery M. Reddan, Lauren M. Young, Denny Meyer, Annie-Claude M. Lassemillante, and Sarah Gauci
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Pulse Wave Analysis ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Vascular Stiffness ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Cognitive Aging ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Arterial stiffness ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Female ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Aged - Abstract
Background: Cognitive decline is influenced by various factors including diet, cardiovascular disease, and glucose control. However, the combined effect of these risk factors on cognitive performance is yet to be fully understood. Objective: The current study aimed to explore the inter-relationship between these risk factors and cognitive performance in older adults at risk of future cognitive decline. Methods: The sample comprised 163 (Age: M = 65.23 years, SD = 6.50) participants. Food Frequency Questionnaire data was used to score diet quality and adherence to the Western Style Diet (WSD) and Prudent Style Diet (PSD). Glucose control was gauged by serum levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and arterial stiffness was measured using carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity. Cognitive performance was assessed using two subtests of the Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB) and Rey’s Verbal Learning Test (RVLT). Results: Diet quality, adherence to the WSD or PSD, and glucose control were not significantly related to cognitive outcomes. However, a significant negative association was found between arterial stiffness and the spatial working memory subtest of SUCCAB (β= –0.21, p
- Published
- 2022
15. Cognition and reproductive success in cowbirds
- Author
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David J, White, J, Arthur, H B, Davies, and M F, Guigueno
- Subjects
Male ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Cognition ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Animals ,Brain ,Humans ,Female ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Passeriformes ,Biological Evolution - Abstract
Understanding the relationships between cognitive abilities and fitness is integral to an evolutionary study of brain and behavior. However, these relationships are often difficult to measure and detect. Here we draw upon an opportunistic sample of brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) subjects that had two separate research experiences: First, they engaged in a large series of cognitive tests in David Sherry’s Lab in the Advanced Facility for Avian Research (AFAR) at Western University, then subsequently moved to the Field Avian Research Megalab (FARM) at Wilfrid Laurier University where they lived in large breeding flocks in aviaries with other wild-caught cowbirds. Thus, we had extensive measures of cognitive abilities, breeding behavior, and reproductive success for these birds. We report here, for the fist time, the surprisingly strong connections we found among these different measures. Female cowbirds’ spatial cognitive abilities correlated positively with how intensely they were courted by males, and with their overall egg production. Males’ spatial cognition correlated positively with their ability to engage in singing contests (“countersinging”) with other males. In addition, a separate non-spatial cognitive ability correlated positively with the attractiveness of the songs they sung. In sum, these results suggest the cognitive skills assessed in the lab were strongly connected to breeding behavior and reproductive success. Moreover, since certain cognitive abilities related to different aspects of breeding success, it suggests that cognitive modules may have specialized adaptive value, but also that these specialized skills may interact and influence fitness in surprising ways.
- Published
- 2021
16. Neurodesk: An accessible, flexible, and portable data analysis environment for reproducible neuroimaging
- Author
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Angela I. Renton, Thanh Thuy Dao, David F. Abbott, Toluwani J Amos, Saskia Bollmann, Andy Botting, Megan E. J. Campbell, Jeryn Chang, Oren Civier, Thomas G. Close, Korbinian Eckstein, Gary F. Egan, Stefanie Evas, Guillaume Flandin, Kelly G. Garner, Marta I. Garrido, Satrajit S Ghosh, Martin Grignard, Anthony J. Hannan, Renzo Huber, Matthew E Hughes, Tom Johnstone, Jakub R. Kaczmarzyk, Lars Kasper, Levin Kuhlmann, Kexin Lou, Paris Lyons, Yorguin-Jose Mantilla-Ramos, Jason B. Mattingley, Jo Morris, Akshaiy Narayanan, Franco Pestilli, Aina Puce, Fernanda L. Ribeiro, Nigel C. Rogasch, Chris Rorden, Mark Schira, Thomas B. Shaw, Benjamin M Slade, Gershon Spitz, Ashley Stewart, Ryan P. Sullivan, David J. White, Xincheng Ye, Judy D. Zhu, Aswin Narayanan, and Steffen Bollmann
- Abstract
Neuroimaging data analysis often requires purpose-built software, which can be challenging to install and may produce different results across computing environments. Beyond being a roadblock to neuroscientists, these issues of accessibility and portability can hamper the reproducibility of neuroimaging data analysis pipelines. Here, we introduce the Neurodesk platform, which harnesses software containers to support a comprehensive and growing suite of neuroimaging software (https://www.neurodesk.org/). Neurodesk includes a browser-accessible virtual desktop environment and a command line interface, mediating access to containerized neuroimaging software libraries on various computing platforms, including personal and high-performance computers, cloud computing and Jupyter Notebooks. This community-oriented, open-source platform enables a paradigm shift for neuroimaging data analysis, allowing for accessible, flexible, fully reproducible, and portable data analysis pipelines.
- Published
- 2022
17. Investigating the Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Cognition, Mood and Biochemical Markers in Middle-Aged Adults with ‘Optimal’ and ‘Sub-Optimal’ Diets: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial
- Author
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Pipingas, Lauren M. Young, Sarah Gauci, Lizanne Arnoldy, Laura Martin, Naomi Perry, David J. White, Denny Meyer, Annie-Claude Lassemillante, Edward Ogden, Beata Silber, Andrew Scholey, and Andrew
- Subjects
B vitamins ,Bacopa monniera ,Ginkgo biloba ,cognition ,mood ,diet quality - Abstract
Background: Previous randomized controlled trials examining cognitive and mood effects of combination multivitamin supplements in healthy, non-clinical adults have reported mixed results. One purported explanation for this is that the dietary status of participants at the start of supplement interventions may influence the magnitude of the effect of supplementation. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of a multinutrient formula containing B group vitamins, Bacopa monniera and Ginkgo biloba on memory, attention, mood and biochemical markers of nutrient status in middle-aged adults (M = 52.84 years, n = 141) with ‘optimal’ and ‘sub-optimal’ diets over 12 weeks. We hypothesised that active supplementation would differentially improve memory and attention in those with a ‘sub-optimal’ diet. Results: Mixed model, repeated measures analysis revealed that, in comparison to placebo, active treatment was associated with significant increases in B vitamin status (B1, B6, B12). Regarding behavioural outcomes there was no significant benefit to memory (F(1, 113.51) = 0.53, p = 0.470) nor attention (F(1,113.77) = 1.89, p = 0.171) in the whole cohort. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was a significant beneficial effect of supplementation on attentional performance in individuals with an ‘optimal’ diet prior to supplementation (F(1,57.25) = 4.94, p = 0.030). In the absence of a main effect of supplementation across the entire cohort, there were also a number of significant three-way interactions (treatment by time by diet group) detected in secondary outcomes including lower state anxiety and mental fatigue in those with an ‘optimal’ diet. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the cognitive benefit of B vitamin and herbal supplementation may be dependent on diet quality, supporting the concepts of ‘co-nutrient optimisation’ and interdependency of nutrients. This warrants further investigation. This study advocates characterising the diet of participants prior to supplementation as it may influence the effect of a nutraceutical intervention.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Self-Reported Diet Quality Differentiates Nutrient Intake, Blood Nutrient Status, Mood, and Cognition: Implications for Identifying Nutritional Neurocognitive Risk Factors in Middle Age
- Author
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Lauren M. Young, Sarah Gauci, Andrew Scholey, David J. White, Annie-Claude Lassemillante, Denny Meyer, and Andrew Pipingas
- Subjects
diet quality ,nutritional risk ,nutrient intake ,nutrient status ,cognition ,mood ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Evidence for diet quality representing a modifiable risk factor for age-related cognitive decline and mood disturbances has typically come from retrospective, cross-sectional analyses. Here a diet screening tool (DST) was used to categorize healthy middle-aged volunteers (n = 141, 40–65 years) into “optimal” or “sub-optimal” diet groups to investigate cross-sectional associations between diet quality, cognitive function, and mood. The DST distinguished levels of nutrient intake as assessed by Automated Self-Administered 24-h dietary recall and nutrient status, as assessed by blood biomarker measures. Compared with the “sub-optimal” group, the “optimal” diet group showed significantly higher intake of vitamin E (p = 0.007), magnesium (p = 0.001), zinc (p = 0.043) and fiber (p = 0.015), higher circulating levels of vitamin B6 (p = 0.030) and red blood cell folate (p = 0.026) and lower saturated fatty acids (p = 0.012). Regarding psychological outcomes, the “optimal” diet group had significantly better Stroop processing than those with a “sub-optimal” diet (p = 0.013). Regression analysis revealed that higher DST scores were associated with fewer mood disturbances (p = 0.002) and lower perceived stress (p = 0.031), although these differences were not significant when comparing “optimal” versus “sub-optimal” as discrete groups. This study demonstrates the potential of a 20-item diet screen to identify both nutritional and psychological status in an Australian setting.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Further Evidence of Benefits to Mood and Working Memory from Lipidated Curcumin in Healthy Older People: A 12-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Partial Replication Study
- Author
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Katherine H. M. Cox, David J. White, Andrew Pipingas, Kaylass Poorun, and Andrew Scholey
- Subjects
curcumin ,working memory ,mood ,cognition ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Curcumin (a flavonoid isolated from turmeric) affects several processes involved in neurocognitive aging. We have previously reported that short term (4-weeks) administration of a highly bioavailable curcumin preparation (Longvida©) improved working memory and reduced fatigue and stress reactivity in a healthy older cohort. The present trial (ACTRN12616000484448) was a partial replication study, evaluating similar effects at 4 and 12-weeks Longvida© supplementation. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groups trial was conducted. Eighty participants aged 50–80 years (mean = 68.1, SD = 6.34) were randomised to receive Longvida© (400 mg daily containing 80 mg curcumin) or a matching placebo. Assessment took place at baseline then following 4 and 12 weeks treatment. Outcome measures included cognitive performance, mood and biomarkers. Compared with placebo, curcumin was associated with several significant effects. These included better working memory performance at 12-weeks (Serial Threes, Serial Sevens and performance on a virtual Morris Water Maze), and lower fatigue scores on the Profile of Mood States (POMS) at both 4 and 12-weeks, and of tension, anger, confusion and total mood disturbance at 4-weeks only. The curcumin group had significantly elevated blood glucose. These results confirm that Longvida© improves aspects of mood and working memory in a healthy older cohort. The pattern of results is consistent with improvements in hippocampal function and may hold promise for alleviating cognitive decline in some populations.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Glycerophospholipid Supplementation as a Potential Intervention for Supporting Cerebral Structure in Older Adults
- Author
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Jeffery M. Reddan, David J. White, Helen Macpherson, Andrew Scholey, and Andrew Pipingas
- Subjects
glycerophospholipid ,supplementation ,intervention ,cerebral structure ,older adults ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Modifying nutritional intake through supplementation may be efficacious for altering the trajectory of cerebral structural decline evident with increasing age. To date, there have been a number of clinical trials in older adults whereby chronic supplementation with B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, or resveratrol, has been observed to either slow the rate of decline or repair cerebral tissue. There is also some evidence from animal studies indicating that supplementation with glycerophospholipids (GPL) may benefit cerebral structure, though these effects have not yet been investigated in adult humans. Despite this paucity of research, there are a number of factors predicting poorer cerebral structure in older humans, which GPL supplementation appears to beneficially modify or protect against. These include elevated concentrations of homocysteine, unbalanced activity of reactive oxygen species both increasing the risk of oxidative stress, increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory messengers, as well as poorer cardio- and cerebrovascular function. As such, it is hypothesized that GPL supplementation will support cerebral structure in older adults. These cerebral effects may influence cognitive function. The current review aims to provide a theoretical basis for future clinical trials investigating the effects of GPL supplementation on cerebral structural integrity in older adults.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Effects of Four-Week Supplementation with a Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Preparation on Mood and Blood Biomarkers in Young Adults: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- Author
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David J. White, Katherine H. M. Cox, Riccarda Peters, Andrew Pipingas, and Andrew B. Scholey
- Subjects
multivitamin ,mineral ,B-vitamins ,micronutrient ,mood ,homocysteine ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
This study explored the effects of four-week multi-vitamin and mineral (MVM) supplementation on mood and neurocognitive function in healthy, young adults. Fifty-eight healthy adults, 18–40 years of age (M = 25.82 years, SD = 4.87) participated in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in which mood and blood biomarkers were assessed at baseline and after four weeks of supplementation. Compared to placebo, MVM supplementation was associated with significantly lowered homocysteine and increased blood B-vitamin levels (p < 0.01). MVM treatment was also associated with significantly improved mood, as measured by reduced scores on the “depression-dejection” subscale of the Profile of Mood States (p = 0.018). These findings suggest that the four weeks of MVM supplementation may have beneficial effects on mood, underpinned by elevated B-vitamins and lowered homocysteine in healthy young adults.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The association of dietary and nutrient patterns on neurocognitive decline: A systematic review of MRI and PET studies
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Lizanne Arnoldy, Sarah Gauci, Lauren M. Young, Wolfgang Marx, Helen Macpherson, Andrew Pipingas, Oren Civier, and David J. White
- Subjects
Aging ,Neurology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2023
23. A Numerical Macro Model to Simulate the Whole Life Response of Anchors for Floating Offshore Renewable Energy Systems
- Author
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Katherine A. Kwa, Nallathamby Sivasithamparam, Andrew Deeks, and David J. White
- Abstract
The offshore renewable energy (ORE) industry is developing new solutions to enable floating facilities that can operate further from shore where more ocean space is available and stronger wind resources can be harnessed. Future ORE facilities will involve arrays of devices that connect and will transmit loads to the seafloor via mooring and anchoring systems. Therefore, it is essential to have a reliable estimation of the capacity that the anchoring system can provide for the variety of loads that are transmitted via the mooring lines. This paper provides a model for soft soils (i.e. soft clays, loose-medium silts and sand), where the capacity can evolve with time due to the sustained loads and variable components of the cyclic loads, which vary due to environmental conditions and the characteristics of the floating system. The model is referred to as a ‘macro-model’, meaning that the response of all soil elements around the anchor are defined by a representative value of strength and other properties at a single node. The model captures ‘hidden’ anchor capacity enhancements from (i) ‘whole-life’ changing soil strength, (ii) viscous effects on soil strength and (iii) added soil mass effects, which are usually absent in geotechnical foundation design. It is shown that these effects can be efficiently modelled and integrated into existing numerical analysis packages to provide a new basis for assessing through-life changes in geotechnical anchor capacity. This enables a better understanding of the fully coupled soil-anchoring-mooring behaviour of floating infrastructure over its operational lifetime.
- Published
- 2022
24. Functional brain activity changes after four weeks supplementation with a multi-vitamin/mineral combination: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial exploring functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials during working memory
- Author
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David J White, Katherine H.M. Cox, Matthew Edward Hughes, Andrew Pipingas, Riccarda Peters, and Andrew B Scholey
- Subjects
nutrient ,working memory ,functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ,multivitamin ,Steady-state visual evoked potentials ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
This study explored the neurocognitive effects of four weeks daily supplementation with a multivitamin and mineral combination (MVM) in healthy adults (aged 18-40 years). Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, participants underwent assessments of brain activity using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI; n=32, 16 females) and Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential recordings (SSVEP; n=39, 20 females) during working memory and continuous performance tasks at baseline and following four weeks of active MVM treatment or placebo. There were several treatment-related effects suggestive of changes in functional brain activity associated with MVM administration. SSVEP data showed latency reductions across centro-parietal regions during the encoding period of a spatial working memory task following four weeks of active MVM treatment. Complementary results were observed with the fMRI data, in which a subset of those completing fMRI assessment after SSVEP assessment (n=16) demonstrated increased BOLD response during completion of the Rapid Visual Information Processing task (RVIP) within regions of interest including bilateral parietal lobes. No treatment-related changes in fMRI data were observed in those who had not first undergone SSVEP assessment, suggesting these results may be most evident under conditions of fatigue. Performance on the working memory and continuous performance tasks did not significantly differ between treatment groups at follow-up. In addition, within the fatigued fMRI sample, increased RVIP BOLD response was correlated with the change in number of target detections as part of the RVIP task. This study provides preliminary evidence of changes in functional brain activity during working memory associated with four weeks of daily treatment with a multivitamin and mineral combination in healthy adults, using two distinct but complementary measures of functional brain activity.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Female signal jamming in a socially monogamous brood parasite
- Author
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Ammon Perkes, H. Luke Anderson, David J. White, Hayden B. Davies, Julian S. Gottfried, and Marc F. Schmidt
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Brood parasite ,Cowbird ,Communication ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Radio jamming ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Pair bond ,Article ,Courtship ,Sexual conflict ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Seasonal breeder ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Animal Science and Zoology ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Laboratory experiment ,business ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common - Abstract
Acoustic signalling is vital to courtship in many animals, yet the role of female vocalizations is understudied. Here, we combine observational and experimental methods to assess the courtship function of the female chatter call in brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater. While the chatter call is likely multifunctional, it is frequently used in social interactions and overlapping duets with males during the breeding season. Based on a combination of focal- and scan-sampling data from large naturalistic aviaries, we did not find support for the hypothesis that the chatter call elicits male attention or encourages continued courtship. However, we did find evidence that the chatter call plays a role in pair bond formation, as females preferentially chattered in response to songs from pair-bond males in the 2 weeks leading up to the median date of first copulation. Females were less selective in male-directed chatter use after copulations began. We also found support for the hypothesis that chatter is used to signal-jam male songs. Frame-by-frame video analysis revealed that the majority of female chatter calls were tightly time-locked to song, occurring less than 500 ms after male vocal onset. To test the effect of signal jamming on male song potency, we designed a laboratory experiment in which male song playbacks were jammed by various recorded stimuli. Natural chatter calls more effectively reduced female copulatory responses to song than high-pass filtered chatter calls, suggesting that the low frequencies in natural chatter (2–4 kHz) are important for interfering with male song and reducing its potency. Our results suggest that sexual conflict is operating in cowbird courtship, with signal jamming serving as a mechanism by which females guard, resist or select their mates. We also discuss ways in which cowbird vocal interactions may function cooperatively to coordinate reproduction or transition females into breeding condition.
- Published
- 2021
26. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of B Vitamin Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Stress: Effects on Healthy and ‘At-Risk’ Individuals
- Author
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Lauren M Young, Andrew Pipingas, David J White, Sarah Gauci, and Andrew Scholey
- Subjects
B-vitamins ,mood ,meta-analysis ,review ,mental health ,stress ,anxiety ,depression ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to examine and quantify the effects of B vitamin supplementation on mood in both healthy and ‘at-risk’ populations. A systematic search identified all available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of daily supplementation with ≥3 B group vitamins with an intervention period of at least four weeks. Random effects models for a standardized mean difference were used to test for overall effect. Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 statistic. Eighteen articles (16 trials, 2015 participants) were included, of which 12 were eligible for meta-analysis. Eleven of the 18 articles reported a positive effect for B vitamins over a placebo for overall mood or a facet of mood. Of the eight studies in ‘at-risk’ cohorts, five found a significant benefit to mood. Regarding individual facets of mood, B vitamin supplementation benefited stress (n = 958, SMD = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.45, p = 0.03). A benefit to depressive symptoms did not reach significance (n = 568, SMD = 0.15, 95% CI = −0.01, 0.32, p = 0.07), and there was no effect on anxiety (n = 562, SMD = 0.03, 95% CI = −0.13, 0.20, p = 0.71). The review provides evidence for the benefit of B vitamin supplementation in healthy and at-risk populations for stress, but not for depressive symptoms or anxiety. B vitamin supplementation may particularly benefit populations who are at risk due to (1) poor nutrient status or (2) poor mood status.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Effects of Multivitamin Supplementation on Diurnal Cortisol Secretion and Perceived Stress
- Author
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Con Stough, Marni Kras, Jerome Sarris, David J. White, Katherine H. M. Cox, Erin Fogg, Andrew B. Scholey, Mark A. Wetherell, David A. Camfield, Avni Sali, and Andrew Pipingas
- Subjects
cortisol awakening response ,perceived stress ,multivitamins ,B vitamins ,homocysteine ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that dietary intake of vitamins, in particular the B-vitamins including B6, B9 and B12 may have a number of positive effects on mood and stress. Given the effects of stress on a range of biological mechanisms including the endocrine system, it could be reasonably expected that multivitamin supplementation may also affect markers of these mechanisms such as diurnal cortisol secretion. In the current double-blind placebo-controlled study 138 adults (aged 20 to 50 years) were administered a multivitamin containing B-vitamins versus placebo over a 16-week period. Salivary cortisol measurements were taken at waking, 15-min, 30-min and at bedtime, at baseline, 8-weeks and 16-weeks. Perceived Stress (PSS) was measured at baseline, 8-weeks and 16-weeks, while blood serum measures of B6, B12 and homocysteine (HCy) as well as red cell folate (B9) were also collected at these time points. A significant interaction was found between treatment group and study visit for the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). Compared to placebo, at 16-weeks multivitamin supplementation was found to be associated with a near-significant trend towards an increased CAR. No significant differences in PSS were found between groups, with PSS increasing in both groups across the course of the study. Red cell folate was found to be significantly correlated with the CAR response at 16-weeks while HCy levels were not found to be associated with the CAR response, although HCy significantly correlated with waking cortisol levels at 8-weeks. A possible interpretation of the elevation in CAR associated with multivitamin supplementation is that this represents an adaptive response to everyday demands in healthy participants.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Ovationes Anni Salutis MMXXI
- Author
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David J. White
- Published
- 2021
29. Engineering Control Technologies to Protect Operators in Agricultural All-Terrain Vehicle Rollovers
- Author
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Farzaneh Khorsandi, Paul D. Ayers, Stephen Oesch, Melvin L. Myers, and David J. White
- Subjects
Tractor ,Farms ,business.product_category ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Accidents, Traffic ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Agriculture ,Crash ,Rollover ,Crash test ,All terrain vehicle ,Engineering ,Operator (computer programming) ,Aeronautics ,Humans ,Wounds and Injuries ,Crashworthiness ,Off-Road Motor Vehicles ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,business - Abstract
Highlights Rollovers are the leading cause of injury and fatality in farm all-terrain vehicle (ATV) incidents. Engineering technologies to prevent rollovers or protect the operator in ATV crashes were reviewed in this study. The advances in safety for ATVs are correlated with improvements in stability, handling, and crashworthiness. Operator protection devices and crash notification systems can protect the operator in ATV rollover incidents. Abstract . All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are the second most common source of injury, following tractors, in U.S. agriculture. Rollovers are the leading cause of death in farm ATV incidents, constituting about 85% of ATV-related deaths. There is neither a significant practical solution for ATV rollover crashes in the U.S. nor standards and rules for implementing such a solution. Behavior-based control methods have been used for several decades but have reached their limit of success. Hence, engineering controls are needed to significantly decrease the severity of injuries in ATV rollover incidents (as in tractor incidents). In this study, engineering technologies to protect the operator in agricultural ATV crashes were reviewed. The discussion includes improving crash testing and stability ratings, evaluating static stability of ATVs, dynamic handling tests of ATVs, using automatic systems to notify first responders of a crash, and testing and applying operator protection devices. The available standards, rules, and recommendations related to these technologies around the world are also discussed. Keywords: . Agriculture, All-terrain vehicle, ATV, CPD, Crush protection device, OPD, Quad bike, Safety.
- Published
- 2021
30. The Association Between Diet and Cardio-Metabolic Risk on Cognitive Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study of Middle-Aged Australian Adults
- Author
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Sarah Gauci, Lauren M. Young, Lizanne Arnoldy, Andrew Scholey, David J. White, Annie-Claude Lassemillante, Denny Meyer, and Andrew Pipingas
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Food Science - Abstract
Adherence to different dietary patterns has been linked to the development of cognitive decline; yet little is known about whether this relationship is present in middle age. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between different dietary patterns, cognitive performance, and potential cardio-metabolic mechanisms for this relationship. Participants were recruited using a diet screening tool to ensure that the cohort had a range of diet quality ranging from relatively poor to relatively healthy. In a sample of 141 middle-aged adults (age: M = 52.84 years, SD = 6.87 years), multiple 24 h diet recalls were collected and used to score adherence to the Mediterranean diet, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, and Mediterranean–DASH diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet. Metabolic risk was assessed using the metabolic syndrome severity score (MetSSS) and arterial stiffness. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB). Adherence to the MIND diet was significantly related to Stroop Processing domain (β = 0.19, p = 0.035). None of the dietary patterns were significantly related to MetSSS or arterial stiffness. However, adherence to the DASH diet was significantly associated with two cardio-metabolic measures including lower augmentation index (β = −0.17, p = 0.032) and lowered cholesterol (β = −0.18, p = 0.041). Interestingly, two cardio-metabolic risk factors were also associated with better cognitive performance: MetSSS (β = 0.21, p = 0.010) and waist circumference (β = 0.22, p = 0.020). Together these findings suggest that diet in middle age may be important for cognitive functioning and cardio-metabolic risk. However, more research is needed in the form of randomized controlled trials to confirm the direction of these relationships.
- Published
- 2022
31. Brain Oscillatory Activity during Spatial Navigation: Theta and Gamma Activity Link Medial Temporal and Parietal Regions.
- Author
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David J. White, Marco Congedo, Joseph Ciorciari, and Richard B. Silberstein
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Context-Dependent Egr1 Expression in the Avian Hippocampus.
- Author
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Stephanie L Grella, Mélanie F Guigueno, David J White, David F Sherry, and Diano F Marrone
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
In mammals, episodic memory and spatial cognition involve context-specific recruitment of unique ensembles in the hippocampal formation (HF). Despite their capacity for sophisticated spatial (e.g., for migration) and episodic-like (e.g., for food-caching) memory, the mechanisms underlying contextual representation in birds is not well understood. Here we demonstrate environment-specific Egr1 expression as male brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) navigate environments for food reward, showing that the avian HF, like its mammalian counterpart, recruits distinct neuronal ensembles to represent different contexts.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Effects of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) on the steady state visually evoked potential during cognitive performance
- Author
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David A. Camfield, David J. White, Pascale Fança-Berthon, Romain Le Cozannet, Andrew Scholey, Karen Savage, and Anastasia Ossoukhova
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Steady state (electronics) ,genetic structures ,Panax ,Panax quinquefolius ,steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Audiology ,Placebo ,Spatial memory ,working memory ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Acute dose ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,American ginseng ,Cross-Over Studies ,biology ,Plant Extracts ,business.industry ,Working memory ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Steady state visually evoked potential ,Memory, Short-Term ,Neurology ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of acute Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) administration on steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) during completion of working memory and continuous performance tasks. Methods A randomised, double‐blind, placebo controlled, balanced, cross‐over trial was conducted in middle‐aged volunteers aged between 40 and 60 years. Participants were administered 200 mg P. quinquefolius and placebo on two separate testing sessions. Six‐h post‐dose participants completed spatial working memory (SWM) and continuous performance (CP) tasks while SSVEP from a diffuse task‐irrelevant 13 Hz flicker was recorded. Results During SWM retrieval, P. quinquefolius was associated with significantly reduced prefrontal SSVEP latency. There were no significant treatment effects on CP nor behavioural performance of either task. Conclusions These findings provide preliminary evidence of increased recruitment of prefrontal brain regions during working memory processing following a single acute dose of P. quinquefolius.
- Published
- 2020
34. Fuel for Thought? A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies into Glucose Enhancement of Cognitive Performance
- Author
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David J. White, Carlee Cleeland, Riccarda Peters, and Andrew Scholey
- Subjects
Male ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Memory, Episodic ,Neurophysiology ,Neuroimaging ,fNIRS ,Review ,Electroencephalography ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Memory ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,EEG ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Episodic memory ,0303 health sciences ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,fMRI ,Neuropsychology ,Brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Glucose ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Female ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Neurocognitive ,Neuroscience ,ERP ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
A transient improvement in cognitive performance can be observed following the ingestion of a glucose drink, a phenomenon known as the ‘glucose facilitation effect’. The effect has been studied thoroughly in the last three decades, but its neural underpinnings remain a matter of speculation. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the current evidence from studies applying neuroimaging or neurophysiological methods to investigate the glucose enhancement effect. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria of using neuroimaging in conjunction with cognitive outcomes. Six studies employed electroencephalography (EEG), four used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and one employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). All but one study reported modulation of neurophysiology or neuroimaging markers following glucose, while only five studies reported significant changes in cognitive outcomes. The evidence suggests that glucose administration enhances neurocognitive markers of episodic memory and attentional processes underpinned by medial temporal and frontal activation, sometimes in the absence of measurable behavioural effects. Further exploration of glucose facilitation using neuroimaging measures with increased sample sizes is warranted to replicate these findings.
- Published
- 2020
35. Ovationes Anni Salutis MMXX
- Author
-
David J. White
- Published
- 2020
36. Cohesion in male singing behavior predicts group reproductive output in a social songbird
- Author
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J. Gros-Louis, Ammon Perkes, Marc F. Schmidt, H. L. A. Anderson, and David J. White
- Subjects
Social group ,Cohesion (linguistics) ,Dominance (ethology) ,Group cohesiveness ,Reproductive success ,Social system ,Cheating ,Social evolution ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Abstract
SummaryAll social groups require organization to function optimally. Group organization is often shaped by social ‘rules’, which function to manage conflict, discourage cheating, or promote cooperation1–5. If social rules promote effective social living, then the ability to learn and follow these rules may be expected to influence individual and group-level fitness. However, such links can rarely be tested, due to the complexity of the factors mediating social systems and the difficulty of gathering data across multiple groups. Songbirds offer an opportunity to investigate the link between social rules and reproductive output because most of their social interactions are mediated by song, a well-studied and readily quantifiable behavior6,7. Using observations from 19 groups of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) studied across 15 years, we find evidence for a previously undocumented social rule: cohesive group transitions between dominance- and courtship-related singing. Comparing across groups, the degree of cohesion in male singing behavior predicts the reproductive output of their group. Experimental manipulation of group structure via the introduction of juvenile males to captive flocks reduced group cohesion and adult male reproductive success. Taken together, these results demonstrate that cohesion in group behavioral states can affect both individual and group-level reproductive success, suggesting that selection can act not only on individual-level traits, but also on an individual’s ability and opportunity to participate effectively in organized social interactions. Social cohesion could therefore be an unappreciated force affecting social evolution in many diverse systems.
- Published
- 2021
37. Measurement of modulus of subgrade reaction for geogrid stabilized roadways
- Author
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David J. White, Garrett Fountain, Mark H. Wayne, Pavana Vennapusa, and Prajwol Tamrakar
- Subjects
Subgrade reaction ,Materials science ,Modulus ,Geotechnical engineering ,Geogrid - Published
- 2021
38. Leukotrienes Are Dispensable for Vaginal Neutrophil Recruitment as Part of the Immunopathological Response During Experimental Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
- Author
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Paul L. Fidel, Floyd L. Wormley, Junko Yano, David J. White, and Anthony P. Sampson
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,biology ,business.industry ,Inflammation ,leukotriene receptor antagonists ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Corpus albicans ,QR1-502 ,S100A8 ,inflammatory responses ,Immunopathology ,Immunology ,Knockout mouse ,Candida albicans ,medicine ,vulvovaginal candidiasis ,immunopathology ,Zafirlukast ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Montelukast ,Original Research ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the vaginal lumen is the hallmark of an acute immunopathologic inflammatory response during vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida albicans. Recurrent VVC (RVVC) remains a chronic health burden in affected women worldwide despite the use of antifungal therapy. Based on the role leukotrienes (LTs) play in promoting inflammation, leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) targeted for LTB4 (etalocib) or LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 (zafirlukast or montelukast) have been shown to reduce inflammation of epithelial tissues. An open-label pilot study using long-term regimens of zafirlukast in women with RVVC indicated the potential for some relief from recurrent episodes. To investigate this clinical observation further, we evaluated the effects of LT antagonistic agents and LT deficiency on the immunopathogenic response in a mouse model of VVC. Results showed that mice given daily intraperitoneal injections of individual LTRAs, starting 2days prior to vaginal inoculation with C. albicans and continuing through 14days post-inoculation, had no measurable reduction in PMN migration. The LTRAs were also ineffective in reducing levels of the hallmark vaginal inflammatory markers (S100A8, IL-1β) and tissue damage (LDH) associated with the immunopathogenic response. Finally, LT-deficient 5-lipoxygenase knockout mice showed comparable levels of vaginal fungal burden and PMN infiltration to wild-type mice following inoculation with a vaginal (ATCC 96113) or laboratory (SC5314) C. albicans isolate. These results indicate that despite some clinical evidence suggestive of off-target efficacy of LTRAs in RVVC, LTs and associated signaling pathways appear to be dispensable in the immunopathogenesis of VVC.
- Published
- 2021
39. Effect of Nitrogen and Seeding Rate on β-Glucan, Protein, and Grain Yield of Naked Food Barley in No-Till Cropping Systems in the Palouse Region of the Pacific Northwest
- Author
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Kurtis L. Schroeder, Kevin Murphy, Cedric Habiyaremye, John P. Reganold, David J. White, and Daniel Packer
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,no-till ,Animal feed ,β-glucan ,seeding rate ,Horticulture ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,nitrogen ,Food processing and manufacture ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,No-till farming ,Human fertilization ,Temperate climate ,TX341-641 ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,food and beverages ,TP368-456 ,Test weight ,030104 developmental biology ,Agronomy ,Seeding ,naked barley ,Hordeum vulgare ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Food Science - Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has a storied history as a food crop, and it has long been a dietary staple of peoples in temperate climates. Contemporary research studies have focused mostly on hulled barley for malt and animal feed. As such, nitrogen (N) and seeding rate agronomic data for naked food barley are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the effects of N on ß-glucan and protein content, and N and seeding rate on phenotypic characteristics of naked food barley, including grain yield, emergence, plant height, days to heading, days to maturity, test weight, percent plump kernels, and percent thin kernels. Experiments were conducted at two no-till farms, located in Almota, WA, and Genesee, ID, in the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest from 2016 to 2018. The experiment comprised two varieties (“Havener” and “Julie”), employed N rates of 0, 62, 95, 129, and 162 kg N ha−1, and seeding rates of 250, 310, and 375 seeds/m−2. Increased N fertilization rate was shown to significantly increase all response variables, except β-glucan content of the variety Julie, days to heading, test weight, and percent plump and thin kernels. Increased N fertilization resulted in higher mean grain yield of Havener and Julie in both Almota and Genesee up to 95 kg N ha−1. Havener had higher yields (3,908 kg N ha−1) than Julie (3,099 kg N ha−1) across locations and years. Julie had higher β-glucan (8.2%) and protein (12.6%) content compared to Havener (β-glucan = 6.6%; protein = 9.1%). Our results indicate that β-glucan content is associated with genotype, environmental, and agronomic factors in dryland cropping systems of the Palouse.
- Published
- 2021
40. Variation in female songbird state determines signal strength needed to evoke copulation
- Author
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David J. White, Bernd G. Pfrommer, Kostas Daniilidis, Ammon Perkes, and Marc F. Schmidt
- Subjects
Courtship ,Variation (linguistics) ,Signal strength ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Direct response ,Behavioral state ,Biology ,Latency (engineering) ,biology.organism_classification ,Neuroscience ,Mating preferences ,Songbird ,media_common - Abstract
It is the female response to male signals that determines courtship success. In most songbirds, females control reproduction via the copulation solicitation display (CSD), an innate, stereotyped posture produced in direct response to male displays. Because CSD can be elicited in the absence of males by the presentation of recorded song, CSD production enables investigations into the effects of underlying signal features and behavioral state on female mating preferences. Using computer vision to quantify CSD trajectory in female brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), we show that both song quality and a female’s internal state predict CSD production, as well as the onset latency and duration of the display. We also show that CSD can be produced in a graded fashion based on both signal strength and internal state. These results emphasize the importance of underlying receiver state in determining behavioral responses and suggest that female responsiveness acts in conjunction with male signal strength to determine the efficacy of male courtship.
- Published
- 2021
41. Female Songbirds: The unsung drivers of courtship behavior and its neural substrates
- Author
-
Marc F. Schmidt, Ammon Perkes, J. Martin Wild, and David J. White
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,animal structures ,Vocal communication ,media_common.quotation_subject ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Songbirds ,Courtship ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Neural control ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Social Behavior ,media_common ,Social network ,Courtship display ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,Brain ,General Medicine ,nervous system ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Vocalization, Animal ,Singing ,Psychology ,business ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Songbirds hold a prominent role in the fields of neurobiology, evolution, and social behavior. Many of these fields have assumed that females lacked the ability to produce song and have therefore treated song as a male-specific behavior. Consequently, much of our understanding regarding the evolution and neural control of song behavior has been driven by these assumptions. Here we review literature from diverse fields to provide a broader perspective of the role of females in vocal communication and courtship. Recent evidence indicates that song evolved in both males and females and instances of female song are still common. The specialized neural circuit known as the "song system," which is necessary for singing in males, is also present in females, including those that do not sing, implying broader functions that include evaluating male song and controlling courtship behavior. In addition to having flexible, individualized preferences, females actively shape their social network through their interactions with males, females, and juveniles. We suggest that by developing more accurate hypotheses concerning the role of females we may better understand the evolution and neural mechanisms of song production and courtship behavior.
- Published
- 2019
42. Assessment Of Designed And Measured Mechanistic Parameters Of Concrete Pavement Foundation
- Author
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Yang Zhang, Pavana K. R. Vennapusa, and David J. White
- Subjects
lcsh:TE1-450 ,various quality control/quality assurance (qa/qc) test ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Modulus ,02 engineering and technology ,law.invention ,stiffness ,lcsh:TG1-470 ,lcsh:Bridge engineering ,law ,Deflection (engineering) ,021105 building & construction ,0502 economics and business ,medicine ,Geotechnical engineering ,pavement design ,lcsh:Highway engineering. Roads and pavements ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Mathematics ,050210 logistics & transportation ,05 social sciences ,Stiffness ,Building and Construction ,Subgrade ,California bearing ratio ,Penetrometer ,Falling weight deflectometer ,Subgrade reaction ,support condition ,modulus of subgrade reaction ,medicine.symptom ,pavement foundation ,Modulus of subgrade reaction ,Various Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QA/QC) test - Abstract
There are plenty of in situ tests available to examine pavement foundation performance regarding stiffness and support conditions. This study evaluates several in situ tests of the stiffness and support conditions of concrete pavement foundation layers. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the outputs from Dynamic Cone Penetrometer tests and Falling Weight Deflectometer tests. The California Bearing Ratio from Dynamic Cone Penetrometer tests and the deflection data from Falling Weight Deflectometer tests were correlated to the design parameter – modulus of subgrade reaction k through correlations employed in pavement design manuals. Three methods for obtaining the k values were conducted, with the intent to evaluate which method provides the results most similar to the target value and whether the studied correlations are reliable. The back-calculated k values from Falling Weight Deflectometer deflections and the weak layer California Bearing Ratio correlated k values based on the Portland Cement Association method were close to the target value, while the California Bearing Ratio empirically correlated k based on the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials method presented values significantly higher than the target value. Those previously reported correlations were likely to overestimate the k values based on subgrade California Bearing Ratio values.
- Published
- 2019
43. Ovationes Anni Salutis MMXIX
- Author
-
David J. White
- Published
- 2019
44. Assessing the contribution of ethaboxam in seed treatment cocktails for the management of metalaxyl-resistant Pythium ultimum var. ultimum in Pacific Northwest spring wheat production
- Author
-
Weidong Chen, David J. White, and Kurtis L. Schroeder
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Pythium ultimum var. ultimum ,biology ,Population ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Crop ,010602 entomology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Seedling ,Seed treatment ,Root rot ,Pythium ,education ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Metalaxyl ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Hard red spring wheat is an important crop in the Pacific Northwest and is a component of a 3-year crop rotation involving soft white winter wheat; cool season pulse crops such as pea, lentil and chickpea; and canola. Pythium root rot and damping-off have long been observed as an annual problem, particularly in spring planted crops. As such, a seed treatment that includes metalaxyl is very common. Recently, an increase in the incidence of Pythium damping-off highlighted that there is an emerging population of Pythium spp. that are resistant to traditional seed treatments containing metalaxyl. The use of alternative chemistries to manage Pythium root rot and damping-off has gained regional interest to increase crop health and improve yields. The effectiveness of ethaboxam was evaluated along with two other seed treatment cocktails in controlling metalaxyl-resistant Pythium in replicated field experiments of spring wheat over three growing seasons in northern Idaho. Emergence, seedling characteristics, plant height, yield and test weight were assessed. The addition of ethaboxam to metalaxyl-containing seed treatment blends consistently increased emergence and yield of spring wheat compared to seed treatment blends containing metalaxyl only. First leaf length, an indirect measure of early season Pythium damage, was longest in seed treatments containing ethaboxam and the average number of tillers was lower, likely due to increased emergence, than non-treated seed. These results indicate that ethaboxam can improve disease control in spring wheat production when applied as a seed treatment in combination with metalaxyl, specifically in the presence of metalaxyl-resistant Pythium spp.
- Published
- 2019
45. Hydrodynamic forces on subsea cables immersed in wave boundary layers
- Author
-
Yunfei Teng, Terry Griffiths, Hongwei An, Scott Draper, Guoqiang Tang, Henning Mohr, David J. White, Antonino Fogliani, and Liang Cheng
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Ocean Engineering - Published
- 2022
46. Vanadium: environmental hazard or environmental opportunity? A perspective on some key research needs
- Author
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David J White and Leonard S. Levy
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Vanadium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Medicine ,Research needs ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Metallurgical industry ,01 natural sciences ,Environmental hazard ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Key (cryptography) ,Environmental Chemistry ,Business ,Element (criminal law) ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Vanadium remains an important microalloying element in the metallurgical industry and has more recently become important in energy storage. Such applications provide important opportunities in carbon reduction initiatives. They must be exploited safely and therefore understanding the toxicological profile of vanadium and its compounds, and ensuring ongoing regulatory efforts are appropriate is vital. This perspective details some of the technical challenges and common misconceptions in vanadium chemistry and toxicology and outlines knowledge gaps and areas of research that the authors believe must be addressed to achieve full benefit within a scientifically sound regulatory framework.
- Published
- 2021
47. APOE ε4 alters associations between docosahexaenoic acid and preclinical markers of Alzheimer’s disease
- Author
-
Cristina Legido-Quigley, Michael Hornberger, Min Kim, David J. White, Andrew Scholey, Ryan J. Larsen, Rachel Gillings, Anne Marie Minihane, Gillian Coughlan, Neal J. Cohen, and Michael Irvine
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Apolipoprotein E ,medicine.medical_specialty ,APOE genotype ,hippocampus ,Population ,spatial navigation ,Hippocampus ,Spatial memory ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cognitive decline ,education ,education.field_of_study ,entorhinal cortex ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01870 ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,food and beverages ,docosahexaenoic acid ,Entorhinal cortex ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Docosahexaenoic acid ,Brain size ,Original Article ,AcademicSubjects/MED00310 ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid is the main long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain and accounts for 30−40% of fatty acids in the grey matter of the human cortex. Although the influence of docosahexaenoic acid on memory function is widely researched, its association with brain volumes is under investigated and its association with spatial navigation is virtually unknown. This is despite the fact that spatial navigation deficits are a new cognitive fingerprint for symptomatic and asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between docosahexaenoic acid levels and the major structural and cognitive markers of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, namely hippocampal volume, entorhinal volume and spatial navigation ability. Fifty-three cognitively normal adults underwent volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, measurements of serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, including lysophosphatidylcholine DHA) and APOE ε4 genotyping. Relative regional brain volumes were calculated and linear regression models were fitted to examine DHA associations with brain volume. APOE genotype modulated serum DHA associations with entorhinal cortex volume and hippocampal volume. Linear models showed that greater serum DHA was associated with increased entorhinal cortex volume, but not hippocampal volume, in non APOΕ ε4 carriers. APOE also interacted with serum lysophosphatidylcholine DHA to predict hippocampal volume. After testing interactions between DHA and APOE on brain volume, we investigated whether DHA and APOE interact to predict spatial navigation performance on a novel virtual reality diagnostic test for Alzheimer’s disease in an independent population of APOE genotyped adults (n = 46). APOE genotype modulated DHA associations with spatial navigation performance, showing that DHA was inversely associated with path integration in APOE ε4 carriers only. This exploratory analysis suggests that interventions aiming to increase DHA blood levels to protect against cognitive decline should consider APOE ε4 carrier status. Future work should focus on replicating our initial findings and establishing whether a specific dose of supplementary DHA, at a particular time in the preclinical disease course can have a positive impact on Alzheimer’s disease progression in APOE ε4 carriers., Docosahexaenoic acid’s neuroprotective effect may be concentrated in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Here, we show that docosahexaenoic acid’s association with entorhinal volume and spatial navigation ability is modulated by the APOE genotype, with non-significant or inverse associations found in APOE ε4 carriers who are genetically-at-risk of Alzheimer’s disease., Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2021
48. Contributors
- Author
-
Emad A.S. Al-Dujaili, Augustine Amalraj, Edward A. Armstrong, Zahra Ayati, Vladimir Badmaev, Arun Balakrishnan, Sharmistha Banerjee, Sarah Benson, Bharathi Bethapudi, Yves Bureau, Autumn Carriere, Brendan Casola, Zack Cernovsky, Nehru Sai Suresh Chalichem, Divya Chandradhara, Dennis Chang, Kaustubh S. Chaudhari, Simon S. Chiu, John Copen, Dezső Csupor, Hema Sharma Datta, Anwar Siraj Daud, Preeticia Dkhar, Sayanta Dutta, Seyed Ahmad Emami, Neha Garg, Sarah Gauci, Dilip Ghosh, Rohit Ghosh, Souvik Ghosh, Sumit Ghosh, Sreeraj Gopi, Gilles J. Guillemin, Swati Haldar, Marina Henein, Christine A. Houghton, Mariwan Husni, Satyajyoti Kanjilal, Diana Karamacoska, Chandra Kant Katiyar, Mostafa Khairy, Zahra Khazaeipool, Kamil Kuca, Viney Kumar, Zeenat Ladak, Debrupa Lahiri, Ed Lui, Helen Macpherson, Laura Martin, Bradley J. McEwen, Abhijeet Morde, Javad Mottaghipisheh, Deepak Mundkinajeddu, Sasikumar Murugan, Avinash Narwaria, Ruchong Ou, Muralidhara Padigaru, Bhushan Patwardhan, Naomi Perry, Andrew Pipingas, Pradeep Kumar Prajapati, Divya Purusothaman, Hana Raheb, Preeti Rathi, Frank Rosenfeldt, Renee Rowsell, Partha Roy, Saakshi Saini, Nidhi Prakash Sapkal, Frank Schoenlau, Andrew Scholey, Mujeeb Shad, Ramesh Sharma, Rohit Sharma, Vineet Sharma, Siddhansh Shrivastava, Weam Sieffien, Parames C. Sil, Ruby Sound, Angela V.E. Stockton, Con Stough, Ramesh Teegala, Kristen Terpstra, Prasad Arvind Thakurdesai, Barbara Tóth, Josh Varghese, Deepanshu Verma, Nikhil Verma, W.A.L. Chandrasiri Waliwita, David J. White, Michel Woodbury-Farina, Jay Kant Yadav, Jerome Y. Yager, Lauren M. Young, and Andrea Zangara
- Published
- 2021
49. Mediterranean diet and its components
- Author
-
Sarah Gauci, Sarah Benson, Andrew Pipingas, Andrew Scholey, Lauren M. Young, Helen Macpherson, and David J. White
- Subjects
Mediterranean climate ,Nutrient ,Mediterranean diet ,Seven Countries Study ,Environmental health ,medicine ,food and beverages ,Dementia ,Disease ,Biology ,Cognitive decline ,Lower risk ,medicine.disease - Abstract
It is well established that what certain nutrients benefit our physical health. More recently there has been growing interest in the relationship between diet and brain health. The dietary pattern that has received the most interest is the Mediterranean diet. Many years have passed since the original Seven Countries study, which indicated that individuals living in the Mediterranean region had lower rates of death due to coronary heart disease compared to those from Northern Europe and the United States. This finding was ascribed to the dietary pattern that is commonly adhered to in that region. A diet high in fresh fruits, vegetables, breads, cereals, nuts, olive oil, legumes, fish, moderate consumption of dairy, poultry, red wine, and low consumption of red meat—the Mediterranean diet. Since then, adherence to this dietary pattern has been repeatedly linked to lower risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease, and the risk of developing dementia. This chapter explores the evidence for Mediterranean diet and its components in improving cognitive function and protecting against age-related cognitive decline.
- Published
- 2021
50. Agricultural All-Terrain Vehicle Safety: Hazard Control Methods Using the Haddon Matrix
- Author
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Paul D. Ayers, Dee Jepsen, Melvin L. Myers, Charles A. Jennissen, Michael L. Pate, Farzaneh Khorsandi, Stephen Oesch, David J. White, and Gerene M. Denning
- Subjects
Safety Management ,Farms ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Accidents, Traffic ,Crash ,Hierarchy of hazard control ,Agriculture ,United States ,Empirical research ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Wounds and Injuries ,Operations management ,Haddon Matrix ,Off-Road Motor Vehicles ,Business ,Rural area ,human activities ,Personal protective equipment - Abstract
All-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes are one of the leading causes of death and injury in agriculture across the United States. Use of ATVs is highly prevalent in rural areas and has seen an increase in their application for a variety of agricultural work tasks. Empirical research on the use of these vehicles for agricultural tasks and associated injuries is limited, especially in the United States. Moreover, little is known about the risk factors associated with ATV-related injuries while doing farm work. A comprehensive review was conducted to evaluate the current injury burden of ATV use in agriculture, the need for future research, and possible solutions related to agricultural ATV safety. Potential injury prevention approaches are evaluated based on the hierarchy of control, including elimination or substitution (using side-by-side vehicles instead of ATVs or modifying ATV design), engineering control (operator protection devices), administrative authority (regulations and standards in the United States and around the world), training, and use of personal protective equipment. In addition, vehicle nomenclature, risk factors, and crash mechanisms are reviewed. Recommendations to decrease the likelihood of ATV crashes and injuries are provided.
- Published
- 2020
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