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Ordovician strata in Greenland are extensively exposed in North Greenland and northern East Greenland; additional small traces (loose blocks) are recorded from the craton of West Greenland. The western North Greenland succession is nearly identical to that of the Franklinian Basin exposed on Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada; the eastern North Greenland represents the (present) northeastern corner of Laurentia and provides the connection to the East Greenland Caledonian platform. The northern East Greenland succession is the natural northern extension of the Caledonian platform of northern Europe and the Appalachian platform of eastern North America. During the Ordovician Greenland occupied a palaeogeographical subtropical to tropical position with a faunal assemblage typical of Laurentia. A prominent faunal peak of diversification occurred in the Late Ordovician. The stratigraphical succession of Greenland is summarized and age relationships are discussed with reference to the fossil faunas and breaks in the successions and correlation between the locations and regions are provided.

Directors, consultants and specialists in public mental health play a major role in developing and implementing local and national mental health policy. This study focuses on what academic training they receive about mental health via Master of Public Health (MPH) programmes. If you are a clinical psychologist involved in teaching on a MPH course we would be interested in hearing about your experiences.

Fossils in the mountains: Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and geography during the Early Palaeozoic The eminent Alpine geologist, Rudolf Trümpy once stated, ‘One bad fossil is worth a good working hypothesis’. Although characterized by poor preservation, fossils have for many decades provided age and geographic constraints on the evolution of the World’s mountain belts. Palaeontological data helped expose horizontal and lateral crustal movements and signalled the importance of continental drift as a planetary-scale process. In Europe and North America the bioregionality of many fossil groups has provided key data for the definition of continents, microcontinents and volcanic arcs and their movements during the Early Palaeozoic. Moreover, identification of species pumps and refugia in the island terranes of the Iapetus and related oceans, now exposed along the length of the Caledonian-Appalachian orogenic belt, has enhanced our knowledge of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event and the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction. Mechanisms for the diversification and extinction of taxa can be hypothesized and many terranes hold key evidence on the early evolution and phylogeny of marine animal groups. The movement of most crustal units towards lower latitudes and their carbonate environments during the later Ordovician is correlated with the highest species richness of the period terminated by the intense, short-lived Hirnantian ice age.

Ponds in rural ecosystems may provide valuable habitat for a variety of cosmopolitan species, including those that are either fully aquatic or pond associated species in riparian habitats of mixed agricultural/wooded areas. We assessed the diversity of three rural ponds on private property (Southern 8’s Farm; Chesterfield, South Carolina), with different management histories using rapid species assessments. Surveys included aquatic dip-netting, sweep netting, acoustic surveys, camera trapping, and visual encounters. Identifications of organisms were performed using iNaturalist. In total, we compiled 240 unique taxonomic observations of different taxa across all ponds, representing 165 fully identified species (68.8% of observations). This consisted of 166 animal observations (largely arthropods, with some chordates), and 70 plant observations (mostly dicot flowering plants) and only 4 fungi observations. We found that iNaturalist provided a reliable method for identification of flora and fauna pond-associated species and should be considered for bioblitz surveys and rapid biological inventories to document species presence in riparian zones of agricultural ecosystems.

Background A growing volume of research suggests that religion protects against late-life suicide, but it remains unclear whether effects are relevant to clinical samples, which facets of religion are most relevant, and variations over the course of mood disorders (e.g. during periods of euthymia, depression, and/or heightened suicidality). Method Eighty adults aged 55–85 years with mood disorders completed assessments of religion (affiliation, service attendance, importance of religion, belief and faith in God), depression, and suicidality over time (M = 7.31 measurements over M = 727 days). We computed metrics to identify mean and maximum levels of depression and suicidality, and the number of episodes of significant depression and suicidality experienced by each participant. Results Religious affiliation and importance of religion, but not service attendance, belief, or faith in God, were associated with lower mean and maximum depression. Conversely, all facets of religion predicted significantly lower mean and maximum levels of suicidality (rs ranging from −0.24 to −0.39), and substantially less likelihood of experiencing significant suicidality during the study (ORs ranging from 0.19 to 0.33). Service attendance, belief, and faith in God predicted less suicidality even among individuals who did not affiliate with a religious group. Conclusions Religious factors, particularly faith in God, are associated with substantially less suicidality over time among older adults with mood disorders, irrespective of religious affiliation.

The Fezouata Biota (Morocco) is a unique Early Ordovician fossil assemblage. The discovery of this biota revolutionized our understanding of Earth’s early animal diversifications—the Cambrian Explosion and the Ordovician Radiation—by suggesting an evolutionary continuum between both events. Herein, we describe Taichoute, a new fossil locality from the Fezouata Shale. This locality extends the temporal distribution of fossil preservation from this formation into the upper Floian, while also expanding the range of depositional environments to more distal parts of the shelf. In Taichoute, most animals were transported by density flows, unlike the in-situ preservation of animals recovered in previously investigated Fezouata sites. Taichoute is dominated by three-dimensionally preserved, and heavily sclerotized fragments of large euarthropods—possibly representing nektobenthic/nektic bivalved taxa and/or hurdiid radiodonts. Resolving whether this dominance reflects a legitimate aspect of the original ecosystem or a preservational bias requires an in-depth assessment of the environmental conditions at this site. Nevertheless, Taichoute provides novel preservational and palaeontological insights during a key evolutionary transition in the history of life on Earth.

English learners (ELs) in K–12 schools must acquire English while simultaneously mastering content knowledge. Educational technology may support students’ learning through the affordance of individualized language practice. The current randomized controlled trial intervention study examined the effects of Rosetta Stone Foundations software on English learning among middle school ELs. The study took place in Grades 6 to 8 of an urban U.S. school district ( N = 221). Predictors of interest included time of testing (pretest vs. posttest) and software usage, and covariates included grade level, sex, and attendance. Additionally, socioeconomic status and home language were accounted for due to sample homogeneity. Multilevel models indicated that treatment group students showed larger gains than control group students on oral/aural outcomes. These results indicate that the software intervention enables individualized practice that can produce proficiency-related gains over and above the typical classroom curriculum.

Objective Talented junior tennis players are exposed to high training loads and congested competition schedules. Understanding the demands of training and competition is important to prescribe training and recovery programmes that optimise performance. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and appraise the literature available on training and match-play demands in an elite and highly trained junior tennis population to inform practice and future research opportunities. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Scopus databases was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines in November 2021. The following keywords were used: ‘tennis’, ‘match-play’, ‘match’, ‘training’, ‘drill’, ‘practice’, ‘coaching’, ‘session’, ‘competition’ and ‘tournament’. Filters were applied to retrieve articles conducted on junior tennis players. Results The search returned an initial 879 articles. Following the screening process, 21 articles were accepted for analysis. Articles were organised into four themes: training demands, match-play, court surface and recovery. Results highlighted that training sessions failed to induce the same physiological and perceptual demands imposed by tournament match-play. Rallies were 22% longer on clay courts, and associated with increased playing time, heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion compared with hard court surfaces. Competing in multiple matches per day negatively impacted performance indices including jumping, sprinting and change of direction. Increased ratings of muscle soreness, fatigue and pain were also reported. Conclusion Additional work is warranted to substantiate these findings and determine the efficacy of current training strategies and competition demands imposed on elite and highly trained junior tennis players.

We study the critical case of first-passage percolation in two dimensions. Letting (te) be i.i.d. nonnegative weights assigned to the edges of \(\mathbb {Z}^2\) with \(\mathbb {P}(t_e=0)=1/2\), consider the induced pseudometric (passage time) T(x, y) for vertices x, y. It was shown in [4] that the growth of the sequence \(\mathbb {E}T(0,\partial B(n))\) (where B(n) = [−n, n]2) has the same order (up to a constant factor) as the sequence \(\mathbb {E}T^{\text{inv}}(0,\partial B(n))\). This second passage time is the minimal total weight of any path from 0 to ∂B(n) that resides in a certain embedded invasion percolation cluster. In this paper, we show that this constant factor cannot be taken to be 1. That is, there exists c > 0 such that for all n, $$\displaystyle \mathbb {E}T^{\text{inv}}(0,\partial B(n)) \geq (1+c) \mathbb {E}T(0,\partial B(n)). $$ This result implies that the time constant for the model is different than that for the related invasion model, and that geodesics in the two models have different structure.

(±) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a recreationally abused psychostimulant that impairs memory performance. This effect is often attributed to a working memory impairment resulting from compromised serotonin systems. However, recent evidence from non-human animal experimental studies suggests that acute MDMA may indirectly impair memory performance through overstimulation of dopamine (DA) D1 receptors, which increases perseverative responding during memory tasks. This hypothesis was explored using DA D1 mutant (DAD1-/-) rats which possess a selective down-regulation in functional D1 receptors. Adult male Wistar DAD1-/- rats and wild type controls were trained over 25 sessions on a spatial working memory T-maze task, delayed non-matching to position (DNMTP). Once trained, the rats were administered MDMA (1.5, 2.25 and 3 mg/kg) or saline fifteen minutes prior to testing on DNMTP with all subjects experiencing all drug doses and saline three times. We predicted that controls would demonstrate decreased task accuracy following MDMA, driven by an increase in perseverative errors. In contrast, we predicted that DAD1-/- rats would be protected from MDMA-induced perseverative errors due to their reduced D1 receptor function. As predicted, during the third block of MDMA administration, control rats demonstrated decreased task accuracy following 2.25 and 3 mg/kg doses, driven by an increase in perseverative errors. In addition, DAD1-/- rats were protected from MDMA-induced task deficits. These findings challenge the assumption that MDMA’s acute effects on memory performance are predominantly due to serotonergic mechanisms and provide support for the hypothesis that acute MDMA impairs memory performance in rats via overstimulation of D1 receptors by increasing perseverative behaviour.

The article summarises the development of a policy-focused placement in clinical psychology training and outlines the key competencies developed for this placement, specifically to foster skills in informing and influencing policy at national and international levels.

This is a preprint for the manuscript "Monetary and non-monetary reward reduces attentional capture by emotional distractors", accepted for publication.

Allison A Vanderbilt,1 Scott M Pappada,2 Howard Stein,3 David Harper,4 Thomas J Papadimos5 1Department of Family Medicine, 2Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 3Department of Pediatrics, ProMedica Toledo Children’s Hospital, 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ProMedica Toledo Hospital, 5Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine and the Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA Abstract: Hospitals have struggled for years regarding the handoff process of communicating patient information from one health care professional to another. Ineffective handoff communication is recognized as a serious patient safety risk within the health care community. It is essential to take communication into consideration when examining the safety of neonates who require immediate medical attention after birth; effective communication is vital for positive patient outcomes, especially with neonates in a delivery room setting. Teamwork and effective communication across the health care continuum are essential for providing efficient, quality care that leads to favorable patient outcomes. Interprofessional simulation and team training can benefit health care professionals by improving interprofessional competence, defined as one’s knowledge of other professionals including an understanding of their training and skillsets, and role clarity. Interprofessional teams that include members with specialization in obstetrics, gynecology, and neonatology have the potential to considerably benefit from training effective handoff and communication practices that would ensure the safety of the neonate upon birth. We must strive to provide the most comprehensive systematic, standardized, interprofessional handoff communication training sessions for such teams, through Graduate Medical Education and Continuing Medical Education that will meet the needs across the educational continuum. Keywords: interprofessional health care teams, handoffs, neonates, patient safety, communication