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Game designers and researchers have sought to create gameful environments that consider user preferences to increase engagement and motivation. In this sense, it is essential to identify the most suitable game elements for users' profiles. Designers and researchers must choose strategies to classify users into predefined profiles and select the most appropriate game elements for each user. This activity may challenge designers, learning designers, and researchers since they must base their choice on personal aspects that require a deep understanding. Therefore, this article aims to assist game designers, learning designers, and researchers in selecting user classification strategies to customize and personalize game-based and gamified learning environments. By conducting systematic literature mapping, we consolidate the most common strategies and explore their applications in games and gamification. Our analysis, based on 25 publications, reveals that we can classify the strategies according to user interaction, user personality, learning style, and motivation for learning. Strategies based on user interactions emerge as the most popular, while questionnaires and log data systems are commonly used instruments for identifying user profiles. The findings of this SLM offer valuable knowledge for game designers and researchers to define the criteria that will be used to evaluate the effect of games and gamified environments in educational contexts.

A Enfermagem, como profissão de alto desgaste físico e psicológico, tem levado alguns autores a relacionar as condições do trabalho com os altos níveis de stress. Devido à exigência da profissão, os enfermeiros estão diariamente sujeitos a situações complexas, como o envolvimento racional/emocional com os utentes, acarretando grandes níveis de responsabilidade. Assim, torna-se pertinente considerar o risco potencial dos enfermeiros de unidades críticas desenvolverem a síndrome de burnout. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura surge no sentido de ampliar o conhecimento e compreender mais detalhadamente os fatores de risco, consequências e estratégias de coping relacionadas com esta síndrome. Entre 20,8% a 31% dos profissionais de unidades críticas são alvo do burnout, o que a torna uma situação emergente. Alguns profissionais têm níveis de exigência sobre si e de controlo sobre uma situação que não corresponde à real, estas situações ocorrem onde mais existem situações limite, como nas unidades de cuidados intensivos, urgência e oncologia, que favorecem o stress intenso contínuo. A qualidade dos cuidados nos profissionais com burnout não fica assegurada, tornando-se fundamental que as organizações e o próprio indivíduo intervenham de forma a preveni-la e/ou minimizá-la, através de estratégias da própria organização e de estratégias de coping do próprio indivíduo.

Besides the development of disciplinary skills, programming contributes to the development of abilities such as reasoning, problem solving and creativity. Therefore, it is fundamental that in the initial teachers training, programming is an integral part of the curricular unit programs of didactics. This will make it possible to contribute to the integration of programming in future teachers' practices, in a way that should encourage them to promote the development of the skills listed above in their students. This article describes a study developed in the context of a higher education institution, with students of a master's degree in teaching. This is a case study sought to understand the future teachers' perceptions about the potential of programming, before and after attending a workshop about Scratch. The results suggest that future teachers have positive perceptions about the potential of programming in an educational context, which is likely to contribute to its integration into pedagogical practice. It was also found that the workshop contributed to changing the perceptions of these future teachers, namely those whose perceptions were not so favorable to the use of programming in and for learning.

Recent scholarship on the Bodmer Miscellaneous Codex (BMC) has analysed various features of the manuscript, mostly attempting to answer questions like “Why was this codex created?” and “What purpose did it serve?” Some have given more specific answers, while others believe the document to be largely enigmatic. To further the academy’s understanding of this ancient codex, this paper will examine the BMC, which comprises 11 different writings, for evidence of early Christian social identity formation. More specifically, it will heuristically apply Social Identity Theory (SIT) and Social Identity Complexity Theory (SICT) to reflect on identity and boundary construction in the BMC. It will be argued that various features of this ancient codex reveal a process of social identity formation, specifically an emerging orthodox Christian identity that is seeking positive distinctiveness and striving to reinforce the boundaries between an ingroup and various other outgroups. Furthermore, it is argued that the evidence of these features, in the context of persecution and competing Christianities, denotes a lower level of social identity complexity.

Abstract Background Health is recognized as a fundamental right in Brazil’s constitution. In the absence of a clearly defined benefit packages of healthcare services that are financed under the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS), courts have become important in adjudicating coverage decisions. Empirical assessments of equity and the right to health tend to focus on simple measures of access. However, these empirical perspectives belie the significant inequalities and rights violations that arise in the case of more complex health needs such as cancer. To shed light on these issues, this paper focuses on the care pathways for breast and cervical cancer and explores access and quality issues that arise at different points along the care pathway with implications for the realization of the right to health in Brazil. Method A mixed method approach is used. The analysis is primarily based on a quantitative analysis of national representative administrative data principally from the cervical and breast cancer information systems and the hospital cancer registry. To gain more insights into the organization of cancer care, qualitative data was collected from the state of Bahia, through document analysis, direct observation, roundtable discussions with health workers (HWs), and structured interviews with health care administrators. Results The paper reveals that the volume of completed screening exams is well below the estimated need, and a tendency toward lower breast cancer screening rates in poorer states and for women in the lowest income brackets. Only 26% of breast cancer cases and 29% of cervical cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage (stage 0 or I), thereby reducing the survival prospects of patients. Waiting times between confirmed diagnosis and treatment are long, despite new legislation that guarantees a maximum of 60 days. The waiting times are significantly longer for patients that follow the recommended patient pathways, and who are diagnosed outside the hospital. Conclusion The study reveals that there are large variations between states and patients, where the poorest states and patients fare worse on key indicators. More broadly, the paper shows the importance of collecting data both on patient characteristics and health system performance and carry out detailed health system analysis for exposing, empirically, rights violations and for identifying how they can be addressed.

Introdução: o hiperparatireoidismo (HPT) após o transplante renal (Tx) tem prevalência variável e impacto negativo na sobrevida do enxerto/paciente. Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de HPT persistente em uma unidade de Tx renal e a correlação entre o paratormônio (PTH) e variáveis clínicas/laboratoriais. Métodos: foi considerado HPT persistente níveis de PTH ≥ 100pg/ml após 12 meses (m) de Tx, sendo testada a correlação do PTH com tempo em diálise, creatinina, taxa de filtração glomerular, cálcio, fósforo, Hb, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD). Resultados: analisados 68 pacientes, idade média de 43 anos, 70,6% do masculino. HPT foi observado em 88% aos 12 m e 33% aos 24 m. Houve correlação linear negativa significativa do PTH com o fósforo aos 12 m e positiva com a PAD aos 24 m e entre o tempo em diálise e o PTH pré-Tx aos 12 e 24 meses. Entre os grupos com PTH < 100 pg/ml e PTH ≥ 100 pg/ml, foi observado diferença significativa em relação ao fósforo aos 12 m (p=0,040); creatinina (p=0,018) e taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) (p= 0,020) aos 24 m. Conclusão: a prevalência de HPT persistente no primeiro ano após o Tx renal foi elevada, com melhora nesta taxa após 24 meses. Foi detectada correlação significativa do PTH com o tempo em diálise, fósforo e a PAD, assim como houve uma diferença significativa entre os grupos de PTH para o fósforo aos 12 m, e creatinina e TFG aos 24 m. Estudos adicionais e com delineamento prospectivo permitirão melhor investigação do HPT pós-Tx, incluindo aspectos de prevenção, tratamento e morbimortalidade.

This article, intends to discuss the practices of State violence in Mozambique. Since the political independence achieved in 1975 and the subsequent constitution of the Mozambican State, citizens have questioned its role in public security, as well as in the guarantee of human rights, since, at certain times when social tensions become more acute, this same State, through the police, uses violence as a means of silencing them. It starts from the assumption that the different practices of violence and, particularly, the violence of the State have assumed a special role and with it the aggravation of the feeling of public insecurity. For the effectiveness of this work, bibliographic material of specialist authors on violence and works on the situation of public security in Mozambique from political independence to the present were used. Finally, it shows that the Mozambican State has used violence as a way to repress these social tensions.

Apresenta aspectos teóricos e contemporâneos acerca da organização da informação e a constante produção exponencial de informações e documentos, propondo, a partir disso, à luz dos princípios teórico-metodológicos arquivísticos, um quadro de arranjo para documentos digitais de arquivo pessoal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva que se caracteriza tanto como aplicada quanto intervencionista por propor uma resolução a um problema concreto. Quanto aos meios, a pesquisa se caracteriza como estudo de caso e bibliográfica. Efetivamente foram realizadas etapas de classificação e organização do acervo que consistiram em: identificar as tipologias documentais existentes; analisar seus conteúdos e seu contexto de produção; empregar procedimentos de classificação adequados coerentes com a teoria arquivística; propor uma forma de arquivamento em quadro de arranjo; e migração do suporte documental para mídia alternativa com maior condição de preservação. O serviço em nuvens aliado à estruturação do quadro de arranjo permitiu considerável melhora na busca e recuperação dos documentos, que passaram a ser encontrados com precisão e rapidez. O estudo tende a contribuir para a sensibilização do entendimento de que a adoção de métodos arquivísticos é necessária à organização dos documentos produzidos e acumulados por indivíduos no âmbito particular.

The proliferation of mobile devices and mobile applications has changed the way people communicate, work, and study, namely in higher education contexts. However, users have very different application usage habits from each other, and the data collecting instruments that typically support the studies usually rely on the perception that users report on their use. Hence, the reported user perception may not match the actual usage. Based on an exploratory approach, this article aims to analyze the use of mobile applications by students at the University of Aveiro. The study has a mixed approach that contemplates non-participant observation, the application of a survey, and log analysis. The triangulation between log records, the obtained data from the non-participant observation, and the surveys allows for a more objective assessment of the user profiles and will help to identify potential discrepancies between self-perception and actual use of mobile devices. The main conclusions show that the usage is quite significant and there is a huge tendency for the use of social media during classes. The most used applications are social networks which had a more intensive use than reported in the surveys. The methodology is also an important output of this study.

Esse artigo é parte de uma pesquisa pautada no referencial teórico e metodológico da Análise de Discurso Crítica, de Norman Fairclough, que almeja perceber as representações sobre anistia, assim como as disputas de poder e de sentido dos que militam na questão. Objetivamos com ele trazer a lume a o tratamento diferenciado dos demais militares que os anistiados recebendo Ministério da Defesa. O Ministério da Defesa interpreta que os militares anistiados devem se submeter a um regime jurídico específico e finda por suprimir direitos destes. Ocupamo-nos então por expor como é construído, dentro do Estado, esse discurso, demonstrando a construção da distinção que suprime direitos, a dignidade dos anistiados e, por que não dizer, o próprio sentido da anistia.

O dossiê Conflitualidade, Violência e Direitos Humanos, da revista Conhecer: Debate entre o Público e o Privado, organizado pelos professores Camila Holanda Marinho (UECE) e David Oliveira (UFC), apresenta estudos e pesquisas sobre as dinâmicas da violência e as práticas de violação de direitos humanos no Brasil contemporâneo. Os debates se circunscrevem em um momento peculiar da história brasileira, observado por meio da disseminação de discursos de ódio e de intolerância, proferidos, especialmente, via internet, bem como dos crescentes índices de homicídios contra jovens, mulheres e a população LGBTQ+, colocando o Brasil como líder dos rankings de casos de violência.

RESUMO: Neste artigo, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa eminentemente bibliográfica, buscando apresentar alguns esforços investigativos que apontam para a possibilidade de percebermos a fundamentalidade jurídica do patrimônio cultural. Para tanto, intentamos antes traçar alguns contornos sobre o termo cultura, realçando seu caráter polissêmico e tentando nos ater a uma perspectiva hermenêutica que nos será útil em trabalhos posteriores. Em seguida, apontamos a profícua e necessária relação entre Cultura e Direito, expondo resultados dessa interação dentro da teoria do Direito. Por fim, estabelecidas todas essas premissas, apontamos o que é o patrimônio cultural e porque ele é um direito fundamental dentro do ordenamento jurídico.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509812355The main goal was to understand the dynamic process of vegetation colonizing an area degraded by theextraction of gold. The study area was stratified into three environments and, in each environment, contiguousten plots of 100m ² each were allocated. For the realization of the dynamics, two surveys of shrub-tree withlevel of inclusion (DAS30 > 3 cm) were carried out. The first one was realized in 2008 and second in 2010.In 2010, the new individuals that met the criterion for inclusion (recruits) were marked and measured, the dead registered and the survivors were measured again. The rates of mortality, recruitment, gain andloss in basal area of each environment were calculated and it became evident the importance of dynamicsas a tool to help understand the relationships of ecological succession of species. The Shannon diversityindex among the three environments were compared by t-test of Hutcheson and it was used the analysis ofindicator species to determine species preferences of each of the three pre-determined environments.Thetotal number of individuals passed of 707 to 909 in two years of interval, reinforcing the importance ofnatural regeneration processes of ecological succession. The environment II remained the most abundantone despite it presented a high mortality rate, which can be explained by the high rate of recruitment. Thespecies Eremanthus incanus, Trembleya laniflora, Trembleya parviflora, Roupala montana, Coccolobabrasiliensis and Tibouchina candoleana, presented higher importance of value in the two surveys, showingsuperiority in the colonization of the area degraded by the extraction of gold and could be indicated inprograms for the recuperation of degraded areas that are in similar conditions in the region of Diamantinamunicipality.

The main goal was to understand the dynamic process of vegetation colonizing an area degraded by the extraction of gold. The study area was stratified into three environments and, in each environment, contiguous ten plots of 100m 2 each were allocated. For the realization of the dynamics, two surveys of shrub-tree with level of inclusion (DAS30 > 3 cm) were carried out. The first one was realized in 2008 and second in 2010. In 2010, the new individuals that met the criterion for inclusion (recruits) were marked and measured, the dead registered and the survivors were measured again. The rates of mortality, recruitment, gain and loss in basal area of each environment were calculated and it became evident the importance of dynamics as a tool to help understand the relationships of ecological succession of species. The Shannon diversity index among the three environments were compared by t-test of Hutcheson and it was used the analysis of indicator species to determine species preferences of each of the three pre-determined environments.The total number of individuals passed of 707 to 909 in two years of interval, reinforcing the importance of natural regeneration processes of ecological succession. The environment II remained the most abundant one despite it presented a high mortality rate, which can be explained by the high rate of recruitment. The species Eremanthus incanus, Trembleya laniflora, Trembleya parviflora, Roupala montana, Coccoloba brasiliensis and Tibouchina candoleana, presented higher importance of value in the two surveys, showing superiority in the colonization of the area degraded by the extraction of gold and could be indicated in programs for the recuperation of degraded areas that are in similar conditions in the region of Diamantina municipality.