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Past research indicates that music preference is correlated with the need for cognition (NFC). Specifically, heavy metal fans have been found to score lower on NFC than fans of other genres. In this study, a large sample of music fans completed measures of NFC well as the Short Dark Triad scale, which measures Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy. Contrary to previous findings, fans of heavy metal scored significantly higher on NFC than fans of other genres. Consistent with previous research, fans of “problem music” (i.e., heavy metal and rap) scored higher on the Dark Triad. As the original work on NFC and music preference was conducted over 30 years ago, we speculate that a change in the style of heavy metal may correlate with a change in the need for cognition.

The present research examined the dual nature of the materialistic personality in terms of temporal perspective, subjective well-being, and materialism. The dual-nature model hypothesizes an anxious “mouse” type and a more flamboyant “peacock” type of materialist. Previous research has found a relationship between materialism and past-negative and present fatalistic temporal orientation. This study extended this research by examining the future-negative perspective and its relationship to materialism and well-being. It was hypothesized that the two types of materialists would have different temporal profiles. In addition, it was predicted that a future-negative perspective would mediate the relationship between materialism and well-being as was previously found with past-negative temporal orientation. The results indicated higher dark-future, future-negative, and past-negative scores with the “mouse” type materialists and higher present hedonistic scores in the “peacock” type materialists. Mediation analysis showed an indirect effect of a future-negative perspective in the relationship between materialism and well-being.

The present paper reports on comparisons between results from ice basin tests and numerical simulations. The tests were conducted in the model ice basin of the National Research Council Canada in St. John’s, Newfoundland. Those tests examined the performance of a vessel controlled by a dynamic positioning (DP) system in managed ice conditions at a scale of 1:40. A numerical ice dynamics model was used to simulate ice basin test conditions. The results indicate that surge direction thrust and ice force are in good agreement. Ice basin measurements, however, produced higher sway-direction ice forces and yaw-direction moments. It appears that the treatment of sidewall boundaries and the resulting confinement of the ice cover may have contributed to that discrepancy. An additional contribution may be due to differences between the DP algorithms, which were used in the numerical simulations and ice basin tests. Numerical simulations also examined the role of floe shapes. The results indicate that floe shapes obtained from field observations reduce sway-direction ice forces and yaw-direction moments below values obtained when using near-square floe geometries.

This paper examines the interaction of pack ice with a floating production storage and offloading unit (FPSO). The vessel maintains position using a thruster-assisted turret mooring. An ice dynamics model is used to conduct numerical simulations of the interaction of the ice cover with the vessel. The model is based on solving equations describing the conservation of mass and linear momentum together with a failure criterion for the ice cover. The vessel is modelled as a three-degrees-of-freedom rigid body. The results give an evolution of the stresses and deformation of the ice cover, ice forces, and offsets of the vessel. Ice conditions and FPSO characteristics typical for the Grand Banks were used in the simulations. The results show a strong dependence of ice forces and vessel offsets on ice concentration. The roles of ice floe size and ice thickness were less significant. The conclusions indicate that for the ice conditions considered, vessel offsets would fall well within the operating capabilities of a typical Grand Banks FPSO.

The current research investigated mindfulness, savoring and temporal balance and how they are related to temporal perspective (TP) in materialistic individuals in a sample of 404 University students. Recent research on materialism and TP has found that highly materialistic individuals are more likely to have a past-negative or present fatalistic perspective rather than a balanced temporal perspective which is considered the most adaptive. Given these findings, it was hypothesized that materialism is negatively related to mindfulness and savoring, which involve having a clear focus on the present moment. It was also hypothesized that materialism is positively associated with the unbalanced types of TP, the “reminiscer”, “futurist” and “time restrictive” and that materialism is associated with deviation from the balanced time perspective (DBTP). In addition, it was hypothesized that mindfulness and savoring mediate the relationship between DBTP and materialism. The results are consistent with these hypotheses as mindfulness was negatively related to materialism and savoring the moment was related to lower levels of materialism. Materialism was also associated with higher DBTP scores and the “reminiscer” and “futurist” unbalanced temporal styles. Mindfulness, savoring the moment and anticipation-savoring were found to be mediators in the DBTP and materialism relationship.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between, neuroticism, emotionality well-being and materialism. A series of mediation analyses were conducted with data obtained from a set of questionnaires completed by University students. The results indicated that neuroticism and emotionality were mediators in the well-being-materialism relationship. However, this relationship is dependent upon whether neuroticism or emotionality is measured as the three neuroticism measures utilized were significant mediators whereas the HEXACO emotionality scale was not. A facet-level analysis was conducted with the IPIP-NEO facets of volatility and withdrawal and with the HEXACO facets of sentimentality/dependence and withdrawal. In either case, withdrawal was a significant mediator in the materialism well-being relationship, whereas volatility or sentimentality/dependence was not. The results highlight the differences between neuroticism and HEXACO emotionality and add additional insight into the relationship between materialism and lower well-being. These findings suggest possible methods of decreasing materialistic tendencies and increasing subjective well-being., Neuroticism; Well-being; Materialism; Mediation analysis.

A probabilistic model for ice forces on a caisson platform in the Beaufort Sea was used to evaluate two different approaches for describing pack ice pressure. The ridge-building equation in the ISO Arctic offshore structures standard was compared to a more recently derived exceedance curve (EC) approach. The results indicated that the EC approach yielded a wider range of pack ice pressures compared to ISO estimates; however, when these results were used to determine the ultimate ice force on the platform, the effect of the pack ice approach selected was minimal. The influence of floe size in affecting the pack ice pressure did not yield agreement amongst several data sets examined. Furthermore, the influence of adfreeze was examined but no definite relationship was quantified. The paper discusses the engineering implications of these results in the context of offshore structure design. When evaluating the ice loads at a candidate site for offshore development, relevant information on floe size distribution and pack ice thickness, concentration, and movement are required in order to assess the influence of pack ice pressure on design calculations.

The research is an exploration of temporal orientation (past, present, and future) and materialism. Temporal orientation has been related to negative outcomes in the case of past orientation and both positive and negative outcomes with the present or future temporal focus. Given the well-established relationship between low-subjective well-being and materialism, it is hypothesized that materialism will be associated with past- and present-fatalistic temporal focus. Two studies were conducted using self-report with samples of 406 and 409 university students using measures of materialism, temporal orientation, and subjective well-being. The results indicated that materialism was correlated with past temporal orientation. Past-negative, rather than past-positive experiences were associated with materialism. Focus on present fatalism was also related to materialism. Past-negative and past temporal orientation was found to mediate the relationship between subjective well-being and materialism.

Trajectory estimation of an oil spill in ice-covered waters is essential for response planning and risk assessment. This paper presents the preliminary development of a new computational model for the estimation of spreading and surface transport of oil in the presence of ice. A new approach for the estimation of spreading in 0.8–0.95 ice concentration range is proposed. Additionally, for the first time the pumping of floating in‑leads oil onto or under ice floes with closing leads is modelled. The model is able to estimate the mobilization of under-ice oil and its potential subsequent surfacing and works as a stand-alone model with any rectangular-grid ice-ocean model. The model was used to simulate trajectories of two real-life spill events, a field experiment in the Barents Sea where oil and ice were observed to move together and an accidental spill in the Gulf of Finland. Model results were generally consistent with observations.

Within recent years it has become apparent that protein glycosylation is not limited to eukaryotes. Indeed, in Campylobacter jejuni, a Gram-negative bacterium, more than 60 of its proteins are known to be glycosylated. One of the sugars found in such glycosylated proteins is 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-α-d-glucopyranose, hereafter referred to as QuiNAc4NAc. The pathway for its biosynthesis, initiating with UDP-GlcNAc, requires three enzymes referred to as PglF, PglE, and PlgD. The focus of this investigation is on PglF, an NAD+-dependent sugar 4,6-dehydratase known to belong to the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. Specifically, PglF catalyzes the first step in the pathway, namely, the dehydration of UDP-GlcNAc to UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-α-d-xylo-hexos-4-ulose. Most members of the SDR superfamily contain a characteristic signature sequence of YXXXK where the conserved tyrosine functions as a catalytic acid or a base. Strikingly, in PglF, this residue is a methionine. Here we describe a detailed structural and functional investigation of PglF from C. jejuni. For this investigation five X-ray structures were determined to resolutions of 2.0 Å or better. In addition, kinetic analyses of the wild-type and site-directed variants were performed. On the basis of the data reported herein, a new catalytic mechanism for a SDR superfamily member is proposed that does not require the typically conserved tyrosine residue.

N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine is a novel sugar that plays a key role in bacterial glycosylation. Three enzymes are required for its biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni starting from UDP-GlcNAc. The focus of this investigation, PglE, catalyzes the second step in the pathway. It is a PLP-dependent aminotransferase that converts UDP-2-acetamido-4-keto-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-glucose to UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-glucose. For this investigation, the structure of PglE in complex with an external aldimine was determined to a nominal resolution of 2.0 A. A comparison of its structure with those of other sugar aminotransferases reveals a remarkable difference in the manner by which PglE accommodates its nucleotide-linked sugar substrate.

The relationship between materialism and the self-conscious emotions (e.g., gratitude, shame, pride, and regret) was investigated with a sample of University students. Materialism was related to shame, regret, low gratitude, and hubristic pride. Shame was strongly associated with the envy component of materialism and was on the opposite end of a scale with gratitude. With pride, materialism was related to being conceited or snobbish versus having self-worth or a sense of accomplishment. The results are consistent with materialism having a weaker sense of self as hubristic pride involves a distorted, self-aggrandized sense of self, shame is associated with a sense of the self as defective, and regret is associated with the unhappiness of maximization rather than satisficing in decision making.

Legionaminic acids (Leg) are bacterial analogs of neuraminic acid, with the same stereochemistry but different substituents at C5, C7 and C9. Hence they may be incorporated into useful analogs of sialoglycoconjugates, and we previously reported two sialyltransferases that could utilize cytidine monophosphate (CMP)-Leg5Ac7Ac for preparation of Leg glycoconjugates, which were resistant to sialidases [Watson DC, Leclerc S, Wakarchuk WW, Young NM. 2011. Enzymatic synthesis and properties of glycoconjugates with legionaminic acid as a replacement for neuraminic acid. Glycobiology. 21:99–108.]. These were the porcine ST3Gal1 and Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferases. We now report two additional sialyltransferases with superior Leg-transferase properties to the previous two. These are (i) a truncated form of a Photobacterium α2,6-sialyltransferase with an Ala-Met mutation in its active site, and (ii) an α2,3-sialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis MC58 with a higher transferase activity than the P. multocida enzyme, with either CMP-Neu5Ac or CMP-Leg5Ac7Ac as the donor. These enzymes will enable the production of useful Leg5Ac7Ac glycoconjugate derivatives with either α2,6 or α2,3 linkages and unique biological properties.

The major personality correlates of materialism are high neuroticism and low agreeableness. While neuroticism and materialism have been examined in the literature, there is little research with agreeableness and materialism. In this study, three large samples of University students were tested comparing four neuroticism–agreeableness profile combinations. High materialists had the profile of low agreeableness–high neuroticism. Medium materialists had the profiles of either high agreeableness–high neuroticism or low agreeableness–low neuroticism. Low materialists were high agreeableness–low neuroticism. This pattern may be found because low agreeableness is related to lower effortful control so therefore, an inability to regulate materialistic impulses. With neuroticism, materialistic tendencies may be the anxious attempt to compensate for past experiences of feelings of deprivation.

The paper examines ice compression (or pressure) build-up, which may pose a threat to navigation, over various zones of the Canadian Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. The results were obtained from a multi-year program conducted at the National Research Council of Canada. The objective of that program is to quantify the risks to navigation posed by compressive ice, and to develop predictive tools to aid shipping operations in an ice environment. The work consisted of a number of activities, including: the development of an ice dynamics model tailored for high-resolution simulations of ice cover drift and deformation; creating a database of besetting events and analysis of the conditions that influence the risk of besetting; hindcasting of ice and other environmental conditions that led to besetting over various geographic regions; and the development of forecasting tools to support offshore and shipping operations and training mariners. The present paper documents the governing equations of the ice dynamics and ridging model and discusses the high-resolution implementation that makes it possible to predict the risk of vessel besetting. A case of ice compression that took place in the southern Beaufort Sea is examined. The critical values of ice pressure and ridge thickness that posed a threat to vessels during that event were found compatible with estimates corresponding to besetting events in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Frobisher Bay.

This paper examines the response of a drillship to the action of an ice cover undergoing a gradual change of direction of motion. For effective stationkeeping, the drillship must continuously change its heading to face the oncoming ice. The simulations consider a vessel that maintains position using Thruster-Assisted Mooring (TAM). A turret mooring system resists the surge and sway movements, while the thrusters act to correct the heading. The simulations of ice deformation and drift solve equations that describe conservation of mass and momentum, and a failure criterion. The drillship is treated as a three-degrees-of-freedom (surge, sway and yaw) rigid body. The results give distributions of ice drift, deformation and stresses around the vessel as well as the forces and offsets of the drillship. The resulting peak ice forces and moments on the drillship show clear dependence on the rate of change of ice drift direction. As may be expected, ice forces and moments increase for high rates. They also increase for higher ice velocities. Analysis of the results shows that the ratio of the length of the drillship to the radius of curvature of ice drift trajectories can be used to estimate ice forces and moments in an environment of changing ice drift direction. The present work additionally included a cursory examination of the effects of ice cover conditions; namely ice thickness and the existence of ridge fragments and icebreaking tracks, which are often formed as part of ice management operations.

Gossip has been related to friendship as it can increase the bond between people and sense of belonging to a group. However, the role of gender in the relationship between gossip and friendship has not been examined in the literature. So, the present study examined gender differences in the relationship between friendship quality and gossip tendency with a sample of 167 female and 69 male Western Canadian undergraduate University students using the Friendship questionnaire and the Tendency to Gossip questionnaire. Given gender differences in friendship, with males being more agentic and females more communal, the relationship between gossip and friendship was predicted to be stronger in the males compared to the females. Friendship quality was positively correlated with gossip tendency in the males, but this effect was not present with the females. The information gossip scale was strongly associated with male friendship quality. This finding may be related to the greater emphasis on status with males, and that possession of knowledge and control of information is a method of attaining status. Physical appearance gossip was found to be more prevalent in females, but not related to friendship quality. This type of gossip may be a more of a competitive threat to the relationship in females. Achievement related gossip was also related to male friendship quality, which reflects the greater emphasis on individuation in male friendships.

The rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom lectin is a readily-prepared decameric C-type lectin, specific for Gal and GalNAc. Glycan microarray analysis showed it reacted with a wide range of glycans, chiefly recognizing sets of compounds with Galβ1-4GlcNAc (LacNAc), α-Gal or α-GalNAc non-reducing termini. Its array profile was therefore distinctly different from those of four previously studied mammalian C-type lectins with the same Gal/GalNAc monosaccharide specificity, and it was more broadly reactive than several Gal- or GalNAc-specific plant lectins commonly used for glycan blotting. Though a general reactivity towards glycoproteins might be expected from the avidity conferred by its high valence, it showed a marked preference for glycoproteins with multiple glycans, terminated by Gal or GalNAc. Thus its ten closely-spaced sites each with a K(D) for GalNAc of ~2 mM appeared to make RSVL more selective than the four more widely-spaced sites of soybean agglutinin, with a ten-fold better K(D) for GalNAc.

The relationship between self-reported gossip, evaluative conversation about other people, and the self was examined with 243 university students completing questionnaires measuring gossip from 2 theoretical viewpoints: as an individual-difference characteristic, or as having social functions. The self was examined using several perspectives: self-concept clarity, self-efficacy, locus of control, and self-monitoring. Using structural equation modeling, gossip was related to external locus of control, high-self-monitoring, low self-concept clarity, and low self-efficacy. The final model is that high self-monitoring and locus of control mediate the relationship between self-clarity/efficacy and gossip. The study demonstrates the important role of self-monitoring and locus of control in gossip and that negative gossip may be associated with a more externalized, unclear sense of self.

The pattern of perceived dysfunction associated with symptoms composing the externalizing childhood disorder syndrome was compared to the pattern characterizing the internalizing syndrome. In Study 1, undergraduate students (N = 205) judged the social impairment, academic/occupational impairment and personal distress associated with symptoms from the child and adolescent psychopathology scale (Lahey et al. 2004) related to externalizing and internalizing syndromes. As predicted, symptoms composing the externalizing syndrome were judged as involving less personal distress and more impairment than those composing the internalizing syndrome. Converging findings emerged in Study 2 when undergraduates (N = 183) judged DSM-IV symptoms composing externalizing and internalizing disorders. This research reveals systematic differences in perceptions of impairment and distress related to the symptoms that compose the externalizing and internalizing syndromes.

We have undertaken a comprehensive analysis of cytoplasmic protein phosphorylation in Campylobacter jejuni by mass spectrometric identification of phosphoproteins and localization of the sites of modification by phosphopeptide analyses. Cell extracts, enriched for phosphoproteins using Fe(III) IMAC or commercial phosphoprotein purification kits, were analyzed by 1-D and 2-D SDS-PAGE and subjected to mass fingerprinting by in-gel tryptic digestion and MALDI-TOF MS. Fifty-eight phosphopeptides were identified from 1-D gel bands by nano-LC-MS/MS and automated searching in a C. jejuni ORF database resulting in the unequivocal identification of 36 phosphoproteins of diverse function. In addition to elongation factors and chaperonins, which have been reported to be phosphorylated in other bacteria, the major phosphoproteins included bacterioferritin and superoxide dismutase. The sequences around the phosphorylated Ser and Thr residues are indicative of specific kinases being responsible for some of the modifications. However, many of the other identified proteins are enzymes that have phosphorylated substrates, including ATP, hence other modifications may arise from autophosphorylation. Comparative analyses of IMAC extracts from the Escherichia coli strain AD202 and Helicobacter pylori resulted in the identification of homologs of six of the C. jejuni phosphoproteins, though their overall phosphoproteome maps were distinctly different.

Coolidge (2001) has developed a short-form, the short Coolidge axis-two inventory (SCATI), a 70-item version of the original 225-item Coolidge axis-II inventory (CATI). In a normative study of this instrument, the test was found to have many of the psychometric properties of the original. Multivariate analysis revealed that the internal structure of the SCATI is similar to the original.

Conceptualizations of procrastination as self-regulation failure have received considerable empirical support. However, procrastination has only occasionally been examined in relation to variables emphasized in models of self-regulated learning. We examined relations between procrastination, achievement goal orientations, and learning strategies. One hundred and seventy undergraduates completed measures of procrastination, goal orientation, and learning strategies usage. Bivariate correlations revealed that procrastination related negatively to a mastery-approach goal orientation and positively to a mastery-avoidance goal orientation. Procrastination was also related to greater disorganization and less use of cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies. Multiple regression analyses revealed that disorganization and cognitive strategies usage were most predictive of procrastination. Results are interpreted within a self-regulation perspective.

Campylobacter jejuni is unusual among bacteria in possessing a eukaryotic-like system for N-linked protein glycosylation at Asn residues in sequons of the type Asp/Glu-Xaa-Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr. However, little is known about the structural context of the glycosylated sequons, limiting the design of novel recombinant glycoproteins. To obtain more information on sequon structure, we have determined the crystal structure of the PEB3 (Cj0289c) dimer. PEB3 has the class II periplasmic-binding protein fold, with each monomer having two domains with a ligand-binding site containing citrate located between them, and overall resembles molybdate- and sulfate-binding proteins. The sequon around Asn90 is located within a surface-exposed loop joining two structural elements. The three key residues are well exposed on the surface; hence, they may be accessible to the PglB oligosaccharyltransferase in the folded state.

Legionaminic acids are analogs of sialic acid that occur in several bacteria. The most commonly occurring form is Leg5Ac7Ac, which differs from Neu5Ac only at the C7 (acetamido) and C9 (deoxy) positions. While these differences greatly reduce the susceptibility of Leg compounds to sialidases, several sialyltransferases have been identified that can use CMP-Leg5Ac7Ac as a donor (Watson et al. 2011). We report the successful modification with Leg5Ac7Ac of a glycolipid, GM1a, and two glycoproteins, interferon-α2b and α1-antitrypsin, by means of two mammalian sialyltransferases, namely porcine ST3Gal1 and human ST6Gal1. The Leg5Ac7Ac form of GD1a was not recognized by the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG, Siglec-4), confirming the importance of the glycerol moiety in the interaction of sialo-glycans with Siglecs.

N,N’-diacetylbacillosamine is a novel sugar that plays a key role in bacterial glycosylation. Three enzymes are required for its biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni starting from UDP-GlcNAc. The focus of this investigation, PglE, catalyzes the second step in the pathway. It is a PLP-dependent aminotransferase that converts UDP-2-acetamido-4-keto-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-glucose to UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-glucose. For this investigation, the structure of PglE in complex with an external aldimine was determined to a nominal resolution of 2.0 Å. A comparison of its structure with those of other sugar aminotransferases reveals a remarkable difference in the manner by which PglE accommodates its nucleotide-linked sugar substrate.

The ability of a drillship to maintain its heading to face oncoming pack ice is crucial under situations involving changes in pack ice drift direction. The performance of a vessel employing a Thruster-Assisted Mooring (TAM) system under such conditions is examined in this paper. Numerical simulations were used to determine the stresses and deformations within the moving pack ice cover, as well as the response of a drillship with characteristics similar to published information on Stena's DrillMAX. A turret mooring system is assumed to resist surge and sway direction offsets, but provides no restoring moment to vessel's yaw. In such system, thrusters would be used to provide damping and to apply the corrective moment that controls the heading of the vessel. The pack ice cover is assumed to consist of managed floes of sizes ranging from 30 m to 50 m, and with a uniform thickness of 1 m. The ice cover moves against the vessel at a steady velocity of 0.5 m/s. Simulations start with the vessel at a heading inclined to the oncoming ice direction. The simulations predict the evolution of the distributions of ice thickness and pressures, ice forces and moments, as well as the response of the vessel. Test cases examined a range of values of the initial heading of the vessel and limits on available yaw moment that can be generated by the thrusters. The results illustrate the manner in which the vessel can correct its heading, and give the corresponding offsets, ice forces and moments.

Using a series of computer-based assignments, we examined whether students’ submission patterns revealed a hyperbolic pattern of temporal discounting, such that few assignments are submitted far ahead of the deadline and submission of assignments accelerates at an increasing rate as the deadline becomes imminent. We further examined whether variables related to self-regulation – namely, self-reported procrastination, implementation intentions, say-do correspondence, and perceived academic control – correlated with behavioural postponement. Results revealed strong behavioural evidence of temporal discounting, especially among those who identified themselves as procrastinators. Among the self-regulation measures, only say-do correspondence consistently correlated with procrastination.

The role of hostility in personality disorder (Pd) traits was explored using the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to ascertain the relative contributions of the eight hostility scales. The criterion variables were the personality disorder scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. The participants were 158 first year male and female university students. The results show that Resentment (covert hostility) explains large proportions of variances in borderline, avoidant, schizotypal, passive-aggressive, obsessive-compulsive, and schizoid disorder traits. Verbal hostility (overt hostility) is associated with antisocial, histrionic, and narcissistic Pd traits. Suspiciousness contributes relatively large variances in paranoid disorder traits, whereas guilt is the dominant aspect of dependent Pd traits. The results are explained with reference to the agreeableness versus antagonism facets of the Five-Factor model of personality and Beck's schema construct.

This research examined the relative contribution of 20 defence mechanisms assessed by the 40-item Defence Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) as discriminating variables in predicting membership in personality disorder (PD) clusters. The odd, dramatic and anxious clusters of DSM-III-R and the detached, dependent, independent and ambivalent groups of Millon were used as PD types. PDs were assessed by the Coolidge Axis II Inventory and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II in a non-clinical sample. Results of discriminant function analysis provide empirical support for the usefulness of both DSM and Millon classification schemes. The DSM's odd cluster and Millon's ambivalent types are classified most accurately with the CATI. The MCMI-II classifies most accurately the DSM's odd and dramatic, and Millon's independent and ambivalent, personality types.

Dysfunction in personality disorder symptoms was assessed using multivariate techniques to analyse lay judges' (N = 216) ratings of occupational impairment, social impairment, and personal distress. Factor analysis revealed that ratings of occupational impairment and social impairment loaded onto distinct factors. Personal distress ratings loaded onto two separate factors: high distress and low distress. Multidimensional scaling revealed two dimensions for overall dysfunction among personality disorders: severity of dysfunction and internalization-externalization. The dimensions were independence-dependence and severity of dysfunction for occupational impairment, interpersonal involvement and dominance-submission for social impairment, and internalization-externalization and severity for personal distress.

To determine whether female-typed personality disorders are associated with a different pattern of dysfunction than male-typed disorders, lay judges (N = 216) estimated the amount of social impairment, occupational impairment, and personal distress related to symptoms of personality disorders. Results for both the subset of six disorders originally rated by clinician judges in the research of Funtowicz and Widiger (1999) and for a larger set of nine disorders revealed a pattern originally reported by Funtowicz and Widiger where female-typed disorders were associated with relatively higher ratings of personal distress, whereas male-typed disorders were associated with relatively higher ratings of social (and sometimes occupational) impairment. Findings are discussed with respect to the emphasis of different forms of dysfunction for male- and female-typed disorders, lay versus clinician judgments, and directions for future research.

The relationship between specific defense styles and symptom-related responses was investigated in a large sample of university students. In general, immature defenses were the major predictors of the symptom patterns measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory. In particular, combinations of projection, displacement, autistic fantasy, somatization, and acting out were the strongest predictors of psychopathology. Projection was a major predictor of psychopathology in males, whereas displacement was the major predictor for females. Several similarities and differences in the relationship between defense styles and different disorders were revealed.;or timing of both psychological and hormonal responses to 2 given volumes of training.

The ABO blood group system is the most important blood type system in human transfusion medicine. Here, we explore the specificity of antibody recognition towards ABO blood group antigens using computational modeling and biolayer interferometry. Automated docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to explore the origin of the specificity of an anti-blood group A antibody variable fragment (Fv AC1001). The analysis predicts a number of Fv-antigen interactions that contribute to affinity, including a hydrogen bond between a HisL49 and the carbonyl moiety of the GalNAc in antigen A. This interaction was consistent with the dependence of affinity on pH, as measured experimentally; at lower pH there is an increase in binding affinity. Binding energy calculations provide unique insight into the origin of interaction energies at a per-residue level in both the scFv and the trisaccharide antigen. The calculations indicate that while the antibody can accommodate both blood group A and B antigens in its combining site, the A antigen is preferred by approximately 4 kcal/mol, consistent with the lack of binding observed for the B antigen.

New functions can be incorporated into anti-hapten or anti-protein antibodies by mutating selected residues in the binding-site region either to Cys, to allow alkylation with reagents bearing the desired functional groups, or to His, to create metal-binding sites or to make antigen binding pH-sensitive. However, choosing suitable sites for these mutations has been hampered by the lack of antibodies with these features, to serve as models. Remarkably, the anti-carbohydrate antibody Se155-4, specific for the Salmonella group B lipopolysaccharide, already has a Cys and two pairs of His residues close to the antigen-binding pocket in its structure, and shows pH-dependent antigen binding. We therefore investigated modification of its Cys94L in an scFv version of the antibody with the aims of creating a ‘reagentless’ fluorescent sensor and attaching a metal-binding group that might confer lyase activity. These groups were successfully introduced, as judged by mass spectrometry, and had only slightly reduced antigen binding in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The fluorescent product was sensitive to addition of antigen in a solution format, unlike a modification of a more distant Cys introduced into the VH CDR4 loop. Two other routes to modulate antigen binding were also explored, metal binding by the His pair alongside the antigen-binding pocket and insertions into CDR4 to extend the antigen-contact area. His residues adjacent to the antigen-binding pocket bound copper, causing a 5-fold decrease in antigen binding. In CDR4 of the VH domain, the preferred insert length was four residues, which gave stable antigen-binding products but did not improve overall antigen affinity.

The present study examined the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) in a sample of first-year university students. The three self-report measures used to assess personality disorders were the (a) Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI); (b) Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II); and (c) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Personality Disorder Scale (MMPI-PD). The prevalence of PD was estimated by including the number of participants above the cut-off scores selected for each of the three PD instruments. The results indicate prevalence in the range of 0% to 16% for the males, and approximately 1% to 26% for the females. These findings generally confirm the prevalence range of 5% to 15% reported in other investigations of nonpatient samples. With few exceptions, the three tests are generally consistent in their estimates of PD prevalence of all the 11 personality disorders. The multitrait-multimethod matrix reveals that the disorders are generally positively correlated with each other on all the three tests, suggesting considerable construct overlap. Specifically, passive-aggressive and schizotypal disorders produce the most convergent correlations. On the MMPI-PD, however, schizoid is a relatively more discriminant disorder.

Procrastination has been viewed both as a single trait dimension and as a complex trait composed of several component antecedents. The aim of this study was to investigate some of the antecedents of procrastination (fear of failure, aversiveness of task, risk taking, rebellion against control, dependency, and difficulty making decisions) in terms of the five factors of personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness and Conscientiousness). The participants consisted of 349 university students who completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the Procrastination Assessment Scale for students. Total procrastination was related to both the low conscientiousness facets (competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline, deliberation) and the neuroticism facets (anxiety, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, vulnerability). When the procrastination antecedents were considered, task aversiveness had a strong relationship to both low conscientiousness and neuroticism. Fear of failure, difficulty making decisions, and dependency had a smaller relationship to several of the conscientiousness and neuroticism facets. In addition, risk-taking was negatively related to agreeableness and the fantasy facet of openness to experience was related to total procrastination.

The utility of coping strategies, stress, and emotion as predictors of personality disorder pathology was examined by exposing subjects to a set of stressful scenarios. It was predicted that personality disorder (PD) would be associated with less adaptive coping strategies, higher stress, low control, and low perception of coping efficacy. In general, the results indicated strong correlations between PD and the coping strategies of escape-avoidance and accepting responsibility and weak or negative associations with the problem-solving and positive reappraisal strategies. Personality disorder was associated with stress, negative emotions, and low control/efficacy. The coping/emotion profiles are useful in elaborating and discriminating similarities and differences between PDs.

This research examined the efficacy of the 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), measuring mature, neurotic and immature defense styles, to predict DSM-III-R personality disorders. The Coolidge Axis II Inventory, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II, and the MMPI personality disorder scales were used to measure 11 personality disorders in a nonclinical sample. The results show that most personality disorders are positively associated with the highly maladaptive immature defense style, and negatively associated with the mature defense style. Multiple regression analyses reveal that the combined variance accounted for by the defense styles range from 12% to 42% on the CATI, 3% to 42% on the MCMI-II, and 2% to 32% on the MMPI-PD. However, specific personality disorders cannot be predicted with the defense styles on any measure.

A cross-cultural study of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) was conducted with a sample of university students from India and Canada. The results indicated much higher rates of symptom reporting in the Indian sample. Canadian students also had higher reported symptom scales when compared to a similar size USA sample. A small sample of older respondents was also compared with a British sample. Examination of the structure of the BSI scale was investigated using a multidimensional scaling analysis. The Indian data had a somatization—paranoid ideation dimension and a psychoticism—interpersonal sensitivity dimension. With the Canadian sample, there was a hostility—phobic anxiety dimension along with a somatization—paranoid ideation dimension.

The issue of comorbidity within the Axis II personality disorders was explored using a large sample of university students who were administered the Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI). Comorbidity patterns with this normal sample were compared with recent clinical data reported by several other researchers. The results confirm the high degree of comorbidity within Axis II and the similarity in the comorbidity patterns with clinical and nonclinical samples. With the CATI, a 30.4% comorbidity rate was obtained for Histrionic and Narcissistic Personality disorders (Pd). The paranoid, passive-aggressive and borderline personality disorder traits were comorbid with several other Pds. For Cluster A, there was low comorbidity except for Paranoid Pd and Schizotypal Pd. With Cluster B, the co-occurrence was moderate to strong. A moderate amount of interrelationship was obtained for the Cluster C Pds. The DSM-IV clusters were also strongly interrelated. An additional finding was the similarity between self-report and structured interview methodology in obtained personality disorder comorbidity.