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1. Probiotics for Prevention of Severe Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Experience of New Zealand Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Author

Michael P. Meyer, Sharon S. W. Chow, Jane Alsweiler, David Bourchier, Roland Broadbent, David Knight, Adrienne M. Lynn, and Harshad Patel

Subjects
probiotics, necrotizing enterocolitis, preterm, prevention, late onset sepsis, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affects mainly preterm infants, has a multifactorial etiology and is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and disordered immunity. Use of probiotics for prophylaxis is beneficial with studies indicating reduction in NEC ≥ stage 2, late onset sepsis (LOS) and mortality. However, not all studies have shown a reduction, there are questions regarding which probiotic to use, whether infants

Published
2020
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4. Two Decades of Ideological Contestation in Indonesia: From Democratic Cosmopolitanism to Religious Nationalism

Author

David Bourchier

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Religious nationalism, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 0507 social and economic geography, 050701 cultural studies, Democracy, 0506 political science, Political economy, Political science, 050602 political science & public administration, Ideology, Cosmopolitanism, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), media_common
Abstract

This article surveys ideological developments in Indonesia over the past two decades, tracing a shift in the ideological centre of gravity from the embrace of democratic norms in the immediate post...

Published
2019

5. Probiotics for Prevention of Severe Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Experience of New Zealand Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Author

Adrienne M Lynn, David Knight, Sharon S.W. Chow, Michael P. Meyer, David Bourchier, Harshad Patel, Roland S. Broadbent, and Jane M Alsweiler

Subjects
Lactobacillus GG, medicine.medical_specialty, Birth weight, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Pediatrics, law.invention, Sepsis, Probiotic, prevention, law, Intensive care, Internal medicine, medicine, Original Research, Bifidobacterium bifidum, necrotizing enterocolitis, ved/biology, business.industry, lcsh:RJ1-570, late onset sepsis, lcsh:Pediatrics, medicine.disease, Low birth weight, probiotics, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine.symptom, business, preterm
Abstract

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affects mainly preterm infants, has a multifactorial etiology and is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and disordered immunity. Use of probiotics for prophylaxis is beneficial with studies indicating reduction in NEC ≥ stage 2, late onset sepsis (LOS) and mortality. However, not all studies have shown a reduction, there are questions regarding which probiotic to use, whether infants

Published
2020

6. Neonatal Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants With Severe Congenital Heart Defects : An International Cohort Study

Author

Mikael Norman, Stellan Håkansson, Satoshi Kusuda, Maximo Vento, Liisa Lehtonen, Brian Reichman, Brian A. Darlow, Mark Adams, Dirk Bassler, Tetsuya Isayama, Franca Rusconi, Shoo Lee, Kei Lui, Junmin Yang, Prakesh S. Shah, Peter Marshall, Peter Schmidt, Anjali Dhawan, Paul Craven, Koert de Waal, Karen Simmer, Andy Gill, Jane Pillow, Jacqueline Stack, Pita Birch, Lucy Cooke, Dan Casalaz, Jim Holberton, Alice Stewart, Lyn Downe, Michael Stewart, Barbara Bajuk, Andrew Berry, Rod Hunt, Charles Kilburn, Tony De Paoli, Srinivas Bolisetty, Mary Paradisis, Ingrid Rieger, Pieter Koorts, Carl Kuschel, Lex Doyle, Andrew Numa, Hazel Carlisle, Nadia Badawi, Alison Loughran‐Fowlds, Guan Koh, Jonathan Davis, Melissa Luig, Chad Andersen, Georgina Chambers, Nicola Austin, Adrienne Lynn, Brian Darlow, Liza Edmonds, Lindsay Mildenhall, Mariam Buksh, Malcolm Battin, Jutta van den Boom, David Bourchier, Vaughan Richardson, Fiona Dineen, Victor Samuel Rajadurai, Simon Lam, Genevieve Fung, Adele Harrison, Anne Synnes, Joseph Ting, Zenon Cieslak, Rebecca Sherlock, Wendy Yee, Khalid Aziz, Jennifer Toye, Carlos Fajardo, Zarin Kalapesi, Koravangattu Sankaran, Sibasis Daspal, Mary Seshia, Ruben Alvaro, Amit Mukerji, Orlando Da Silva, Chuks Nwaesei, Kyong‐Soon Lee, Michael Dunn, Brigitte Lemyre, Kimberly Dow, Ermelinda Pelausa, Keith Barrington, Christine Drolet, Bruno Piedboeuf, Martine Claveau, Marc Beltempo, Valerie Bertelle, Edith Masse, Roderick Canning, Hala Makary, Cecil Ojah, Luis Monterrosa, Akhil Deshpandey, Jehier Afifi, Andrzej Kajetanowicz, Shoo K. Lee, Sture Andersson, Outi Tammela, Ulla Sankilampi, Timo Saarela, Eli Heymann, Shmuel Zangen, Tatyana Smolkin, Francis Mimouni, David Bader, Avi Rothschild, Zipora Strauss, Clari Felszer, Hussam Omari, Smadar Even Tov‐Friedman, Benjamin Bar‐Oz, Michael Feldman, Nizar Saad, Orna Flidel‐Rimon, Meir Weisbrod, Daniel Lubin, Ita Litmanovitz, Amir Kugelman, Eric Shinwell, Gil Klinger, Yousif Nijim, Alona Bin‐Nun, Agneta Golan, Dror Mandel, Vered Fleisher‐Sheffer, David Kohelet, Lev Bakhrakh, Satoshi Hattori, Masaru Shirai, Toru Ishioka, Toshihiko Mori, Takasuke Amizuka, Toru Huchimukai, Hiroshi Yoshida, Ayako Sasaki, Junichi Shimizu, Toshihiko Nakamura, Mami Maruyama, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Shinichi Hosokawa, Atsuko Taki, Machiko Nakagawa, Kyone Ko, Azusa Uozumi, Setsuko Nakata, Akira Shimazaki, Tatsuya Yoda, Osamu Numata, Hiroaki Imamura, Azusa Kobayashi, Shuko Tokuriki, Yasushi Uchida, Takahiro Arai, Mitsuhiro Ito, Kuniko Ieda, Toshiyuki Ono, Masashi Hayashi, Kanemasa Maki, MieToru Yamakawa, Masahiko Kawai, Noriko Fujii, Kozue Shiomi, Koji Nozaki, Hiroshi Wada, Taho Kim, Yasuyuki Tokunaga, Akihiro Takatera, Toshio Oshima, Hiroshi Sumida, Yae Michinomae, Yoshio Kusumoto, Seiji Yoshimoto, Takeshi Morisawa, Tamaki Ohashi, Yukihiro Takahashi, Moriharu Sugimoto, Noriaki Ono, Shinichiro Miyagawa, Takahiko Saijo, Takashi Yamagami, Kosuke Koyano, Shoko Kobayashi, Takeshi Kanda, Yoshihiro Sakemi, Mikio Aoki, Koichi Iida, Mitsushi Goshi, Yuko Maruyama, Alejandro Avila‐Alvarez, José Luis Fernandez‐Trisac, Mª Luz Couce Pico, María José Fernández Seara, Andrés Martínez Gutiérrez, Carolina Vizcaíno, Miriam Salvador Iglesias, Honorio Sánchez Zaplana, Belén Fernández Colomer, José Enrique García López, Rafael García Mozo, M. Teresa González Martínez, Mª Dolores Muro Sebastián, Marta Balart Carbonell, Joan Badia Barnusell, Mònica Domingo Puiggròs, Corporacio Parc Taulí, Josep Figueras Aloy, Francesc Botet Mussons, Israel Anquela Sanz, Gemma Ginovart Galiana, H. De La Santa, W. Coroleu, Martin Iriondo, Laura Castells Vilella, Roser Porta, Xavier Demestre, Silvia Martínez Nadal, Cristina de Frutos Martínez, María Jesús López Cuesta, Dolores Esquivel Mora, Joaquín Ortiz Tardío, Isabel Benavente, Almudena Alonso, Ramón Aguilera Olmos, Miguel A. García Cabezas, Mª Dolores Martínez Jiménez, Mª Pilar Jaraba Caballero, Mª Dolores Ordoñez Díaz, Alberto Trujillo Fagundo, Lluis Mayol Canals, Fermín García‐Muñoz Rodrigo, Lourdes Urquía Martí, María Fernanda Moreno Galdo, José Antonio Hurtado Suazo, Eduardo Narbona López, José Uberos Fernández, Miguel A. Cortajarena Altuna, Oihana Muga Zuriarrain, David Mora Navarro, María Teresa Domínguez, Mª Yolanda Ruiz del Prado, Inés Esteban Díez, María Teresa Palau Benavides, Santiago Lapeña, Teresa Prada, Eduard Soler Mir, Araceli Corredera Sánchez, Enrique Criado Vega, Náyade del Prado, Cristina Fernández, Lucía Cabanillas Vilaplana, Irene Cuadrado Pérez, Luisa López Gómez, Laura Domingo Comeche, Isabel Llana Martín, Carmen González Armengod, Carmen Muñoz Labián, Mª José Santos Muñoz, Dorotea Blanco Bravo, Vicente Pérez, Mª Dolores Elorza Fernández, Celia Díaz González, Susana Ares Segura, Manuela López Azorín, Ana Belén Jimenez MD, Tomás Sánchez‐Tamayo, Elías Tapia Moreno, María González, José Enrique Sánchez Martínez, José María Lloreda García, Concepción Goñi Orayen, Javier Vilas González, María Suárez Albo, Eva González Colmenero, Elena Pilar Gutiérrez González, Beatriz Vacas del Arco, Josefina Márquez Fernández, Laura Acosta Gordillo, Mercedes Granero Asensio, Carmen Macías Díaz, Mar Albújar, Pedro Fuster Jorge, Sabina Romero, Mónica Rivero Falero, Ana Belén Escobar Izquierdo, Javier Estañ Capell, Mª Isabel Izquierdo Macián, Mª Mar Montejo Vicente, Raquel Izquierdo Caballero, Mª Mercedes Martínez, Aintzane Euba, Amaya Rodríguez Serna, Juan María López de Heredia Goya, Alberto Pérez Legorburu, Ana Gutiérrez Amorós, Víctor Manuel Marugán Isabel, Natalio Hernández González, Segundo Rite Gracia, Mª Purificación Ventura Faci, Mª Pilar Samper Villagrasa, Jiri Kofron, Katarina Strand Brodd, Andreas Odlind, Lars Alberg, Sofia Arwehed, Ola Hafström, Anna Kasemo, Karin Nederman, Lars Åhman, Fredrik Ingemarsson, Henrik Petersson, Pernilla Thurn, Eva Albinsson, Bo Selander, Thomas Abrahamsson, Ingela Heimdahl, Kristbjorg Sveinsdottir, Erik Wejryd, Anna Hedlund, Maria Katarina Söderberg, Lars Navér, Thomas Brune, Jens Bäckström, Johan Robinson, Aijaz Farooqi, Erik Normann, Magnus Fredriksson, Anders Palm, Urban Rosenqvist, Bengt Walde, Cecilia Hagman, Andreas Ohlin, Rein Florell, Agneta Smedsaas‐Löfvenberg, Philipp Meyer, Rachel Kusche, Sven Schulzke, Mathias Nelle, Bendicht Wagner, Thomas Riedel, Grégoire Kaczala, Riccardo E. Pfister, Jean‐François Tolsa, Matthias Roth, Martin Stocker, Bernhard Laubscher, Andreas Malzacher, John P. Micallef, Lukas Hegi, Romaine Arlettaz, Vera Bernet, Carlo Dani, Patrizio Fiorini, Paolo Ghirri, Barbara Tomasini, Tampere University, Department of Paediatrics, and Clinical Medicine

Subjects
Heart Defects, Congenital, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Birth weight, Gestational Age, Infant, Premature, Diseases, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 3121 Internal medicine, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Developmental biology, Infant Mortality, cardiac malformation, Medicine, Humans, Hospital Mortality, Original Research, business.industry, Mortality rate, Congenital Heart Disease, Infant, Newborn, Gestational age, Pediatrik, preterm birth, Infant, Retinopathy of prematurity, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, mortality, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, newborn infant, Infant, Extremely Premature, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Female, Mortality/Survival, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background Very preterm infants are at high risk of death or severe morbidity. The objective was to determine the significance of severe congenital heart defects ( CHDs ) for these risks. Methods and Results This cohort study included infants from 10 countries born from 2007–2015 at 24 to 31 weeks’ gestation with birth weights CHDs were defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision ( ICD‐9 ) and Tenth ( ICD‐10 ) codes and categorized as those compromising systemic output, causing sustained cyanosis, or resulting in congestive heart failure. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were neonatal brain injury, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity. Adjusted and propensity score–matched odds ratios ( ORs ) were calculated. Analyses were stratified by type of CHD , gestational age, and network. A total of 609 (0.77%) infants had severe CHD and 76 371 without any malformation served as controls. The mean gestational age and birth weight were 27.8 weeks and 1018 g, respectively. The mortality rate was 18.6% in infants with CHD and 8.9% in controls (propensity score–matched OR , 2.30; 95% CI , 1.61–3.27). Severe CHD was not associated with neonatal brain injury, necrotizing enterocolitis, or retinopathy of prematurity, whereas the OR for bronchopulmonary dysplasia increased. Mortality was higher in all types, with the highest propensity score–matched OR (4.96; 95% CI, 2.11–11.7) for CHD causing congestive heart failure. While mortality did not differ between groups at OR for mortality in infants with CHD increased to 10.9 (95% CI, 5.76–20.70) at 31 weeks’ gestational age. Rates of CHD and mortality differed significantly between networks. Conclusions Severe CHD is associated with significantly increased mortality in very preterm infants.

Published
2020

7. Organicism in Indonesian Political Thought

Author

David Bourchier

Subjects
Indonesian, Cultural nationalism, Politics, Aesthetics, Political science, media_common.quotation_subject, language, Ideology, language.human_language, Organicism, media_common, Volksgeist
Abstract

Organicism, or the notion that political and legal institutions should reflect communalistic values embedded in “traditional culture,” has played a significant part in Indonesia’s modern history. This chapter begins with a brief overview of organicism as a concept, linking it to German theories of the Volksgeist. It then examines the study of organicism in Indonesia and its expression in the state ideology of Pancasila, arguing that to understand it primarily in culturalist terms overlooks the profound extent to which it developed in conversation with Western ideas of the East. Organicism found expression in Indonesian constitutional thinking, in conservative political party programs, in the corporatist structures of political representation between the 1960s and the 1990s, and in the ideology of Soeharto’s New Order regime. In this sense, it foreshadows the exceptionalist “Asian values” rhetoric espoused by political leaders in Singapore and Malaysia in the 1990s. The conclusion notes that while each manifestation of organicism will be different, there are common features that enable comparison across cultures and movements, including right-wing nationalist movements currently on the rise in the West.

Published
2019

9. Metabolic acidosis in the first 14 days of life in infants of gestation less than 26 weeks

Author

David Bourchier and Philip J. Weston

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Tubular immaturity, Population, Gestational age, Anion gap, Metabolic acidosis, Independent predictor, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Gestation, medicine.symptom, education, business, Acidosis
Abstract

Extremely immature newborns develop a self-limiting normal anion gap metabolic acidosis in early life. This study examined the natural history of this acidosis in a population of infants of gestation less than 26 weeks in the first 14 days of life. The acidosis was maximal on day 4 with a mean base deficit of 10.6 mmol/l and had resolved in 90 % of infants by day 11. Dopamine usage was the only independent predictor of the acidosis. Its use was associated with a greater degree of acidosis. Conclusion: Extremely preterm infants experience a self-limiting normal anion gap metabolic acidosis in the first 2 weeks of life which is consistent with renal tubular immaturity.

Published
2014

10. Association of Center-Specific Patient Volumes and Early Respiratory Management Practices with Death and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants

Author

Naomi Spotswood, Francesca Orsini, Peter Dargaville, Peter Marshall, Peter Schmidt, Paul Craven, Koert de Waal, Karen Simmer, Andy Gill, Jane Pillow, Jacqueline Stack, Pita Birch, Lucy Cooke, Dan Casalaz, Jim Holberton, Alice Stewart, Lyn Downe, Michael Stewart, Andrew Berry, Rod Hunt, Charles Kilburn, Tony De Paoli, Kei Lui, Mary Paradisis, Ingrid Rieger, Pieter Koorts, Carl Kuschel, Lex Doyle, Andrew Numa, Hazel Carlisle, Nadia Badawi, Christine Jorgensen, Guan Koh, Jonathan Davis, Melissa Luig, Chad Andersen, Adrienne Lynn, Brian Darlow, Liza Edmonds, Lindsay Mildenhall, Mariam Buksh, Malcolm Battin, David Bourchier, Vaughan Richardson, Georgina Chambers, Victor Samuel Rajadurai, Barbara Bajuk, and Jutta van den Boom

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient Admission, 0302 clinical medicine, Early Medical Intervention, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, 030225 pediatrics, Intensive care, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Continuous positive airway pressure, Survival rate, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Retrospective Studies, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Survival Rate, Low birth weight, Treatment Outcome, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Gestation, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Infant, Premature, Cohort study
Abstract

Objectives To describe variability in admission volumes and approach to early respiratory support between neonatal intensive care units in the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network and to evaluate whether these center-specific factors are associated with death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Study design This retrospective cohort study included 19 099 neonates born between 25 and 32 weeks' gestation and admitted to 1 of 25 NICUs from 2007 to 2013. Center-specific factors evaluated were annual admission volume and rate of using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) rather than intubation as the first mode of respiratory support. Logistic regression was used to examine any association of these center-specific factors with death, BPD, and death or survival with BPD (death/BPD). Analysis was performed separately for 2 gestation groups (25-28 weeks and 29-32 weeks inclusive). Results Admission volumes and rates of early CPAP use varied widely across centers. Higher admission volumes were associated with lower odds of death or survival with BPD in the 25-28 week group (aOR 0.93, 99% CI 0.88-0.99 per increase of 10 babies per center annually). Centers with higher early CPAP use did not have lower odds of death or BPD than centers that intubated more frequently. Conclusions Higher admission volumes are associated with more favorable outcomes for the more preterm infants in the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network. Further investigation is required to explore why the individual benefits of early CPAP do not translate to better outcomes for centers that use this approach most frequently.

Published
2019

11. Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia : The Ideology of the Family State

Author

David Bourchier and David Bourchier

Subjects
Corporate state--History.--Indonesia, Democracy--History.--Indonesia, Political culture--History.--Indonesia
Abstract

Illiberal Democracy in Indonesia charts the origins and development of organicist ideologies in Indonesia from the early 20th century to the present. In doing so, it provides a background to the theories and ideology that informed organicist thought, traces key themes in Indonesian history, examines the Soeharto regime and his ‘New Order'in detail, and looks at contemporary Indonesia to question the possibility of past ideologies making a resurgence in the country.Beginning with an exploration of the origins of the theory of the organic state in Europe, this book explores how this influenced many young Indonesian scholars and ‘secular'nationalists. It also looks in detail at the case of Japan, and identifies the parallels between the process by which Japanese and Indonesian nationalist scholars drew on European romantic organicist ideas to forge ‘anti-Western'national identities and ideologies. The book then turns to Indonesia's tumultuous history from the revolution to 1965, the rise of Soeharto, and how his regime used organicist ideology, together with law and terror, to shape the political landscape consolidate control. In turn, it shows how the social and economic changes wrought by the government's policies, such as the rise of a cosmopolitan middle class and a rapidly growing urban proletariat led to the failure of the corporatist political infrastructure and the eventual collapse of the New Order in 1998. Finally, the epilogue surveys the post Soeharto years to 2014, and how growing disquiet about the inability of the government to contain religious intolerance, violence and corruption, has led to an increased readiness to re-embrace not only more authoritarian styles of rule but also ideological formulas from the past.This book will be welcomed by students and scholars of Southeast Asia, politics and political theory, as well as by those interested in authoritarian regimes, democracy and human rights.

Published
2015

12. Neonatal Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight and Very Preterm Neonates: An International Comparison

Author

Prakesh S. Shah, Kei Lui, Gunnar Sjörs, Lucia Mirea, Brian Reichman, Mark Adams, Neena Modi, Brian A. Darlow, Satoshi Kusuda, Laura San Feliciano, Junmin Yang, Stellan Håkansson, Rintaro Mori, Dirk Bassler, Josep Figueras-Aloy, Shoo K. Lee, Nadia Badawi, Peter Marshall, Paul Craven, Karen Simmer, Jacqueline Stack, Dan Casalaz, Elizabeth Carse, Lucy Cooke, Vijay Shingde, David Cartwright, Rod Hunt, Charles Kilburn, Peter Dargaville, Mary Paradisis, Ingrid Rieger, Carl Kuschel, Andrew Numa, Hazel Carlisle, Guan Koh, Chad Andersen, Melissa Luig, Nicola Austin, Roland Broadbent, Lindsay Mildenhall, Malcolm Battin, David Bourchier, Vaughan Richardson, Anne Synnes, Nicole Rouvinez-Bouali, Bruno Piedboeuf, Barbara Bulleid, Wendy Yee, Nalini Singhal, Adele Harrison, Cherrie Tan-Dy, Sandesh Shivananda, Kenneth Tan, Andrew James, Molly Seshia, Keith Barrington, Francine Lefebvre, Doug McMillan, Wayne Andrews, Lajos Kovacs, Kimberly Dow, Maxine Clarke, Patricia Riley, Prakesh Shah, Arne Ohlsson, Khalid Aziz, Abraham Peliowski, Zenon Cieslak, Todd Sorokan, Zarin Kalapesi, Abraham Ninan, Koravangattu Sankaran, Daniel Faucher, Gerarda Cronin, Roderick Canning, Orlando da Silva, David Lee, Cecil Ojah, Michael Dunn, Eli Heymann, Shmuel Zangen, Amir Kushnir, Francis Mimouni, David Bader, Avi Rothschild, Zipora Strauss, Clari Felszer, Jamalia Jeryes, Smadar Even Tov-Friedman, Benjamin Bar-Oz, Michael Feldman, Nizar Saad, Orna Flidel-Rimon, Meir Weisbrod, Daniel Lubin, Ita Litmanovitz, Shraga Blazer, Eric Shinwell, Leah Sirota, Yousif Nijim, Agneta Golan, Dror Mandel, Vered Fleisher-Sheffer, David Kohelet, Lev Bakhrakh, Satoshi Hattori, Shohei Konishi, Takasuke Amizuka, Takeo Kasai, Ritsuko Takahasi, Hirokazu Arai, Maki Sato, Yayoi Miyazono, Junichi Shimizu, Hiroshi Suzumura, Yumi Kono, Takahiro Inoue, Hiroshi Miyabayashi, Hisanori Sobajima, Rika Ishiguro, Hiroyuki Sato, Satsuki Totsu, Nozomi Ishii, Shigeharu Hosono, Mika Shiraishi, Humihiro Miura, Atsushi Nakao, Hitoshi Yoda, Mitsumasa Shimizu, Kazuo Seki, Yasuhumi Itani, Keiji Suzuki, Atsushi Nemoto, Tomohiko Nakamura, Masaki Wada, Yoshihisa Nagayama, Osamu Numata, Takeshi Futatani, Yasuhisa Ueno, Kazuyuki Iwai, Yoshinori Kono, Shigeru Ooki, Yusuke Nakazawa, Chizuko Suzuki, Taihei Tanaka, Motoki Bonno, Kenji Nakamura, Minako Kihara, Hiroyuki Sano, Atsushi Shiraishi, Atsushi Ohashi, Hiroyuki Ichiba, Kiyoaki Sumi, Seiji Yoshimoto, Yukihiro Takahashi, Takahiro Okutani, Masumi Miura, Fumihide Kato, Shinichi Watabe, Misao Kageyama, Rie Fukuhara, Michiko Hayashitani, Keiko Hasegawa, Kosuke Koyano, Shoko Kobayashi, Shinosuke Akiyoshi, Yusei Nakata, Takeshi Kanda, Hisano Tadashi, Hiroshi Kanda, Masaki Nakamura, Naoko Matsumoto, Masayuki Ochiai, Mikihiro Aoki, Akihiko Kawase, Koichi Iida, Chie Ishihara, Moriyasu Kohama, Ma José Fernández Seara, José Ma Fraga Bermúdez, Andrés Martínez Gutiérrez, María Mercedes Martínez Ayúcar, Carolina Vizcaíno Díaz, José Luis Quiles Durá, María González Santacruz, Ma Anne Feret Siguile, Adela Rodríguez Fernández, Belén Fernández Colomer, Enrique García López, Josep Figuera Aloy, Francesc Botet Mussons, Israel Anquela Sanz, Gemma Ginovart Galiana, Elisenda Moliner Calderon, Antonio Natal Pujol, Alicia Mirada Vives, Martín Iriondo Sanz, Roser Porta, Eva Capdevila Cogul, Laura Castells Vilella, Bruno Alonso Álvarez, José María Montero Macarro, Ana R. Barrio Sacristán, Ma Jesús López Cuesta, Ortiz Tardío, Eugenia Valls Sánchez Puerta, Isabel Benavente Fernández, Juan Mena Romero, María Dolores Martinez Gimenez, Ramón Aguilera Olmos, Ricardo Tosca Segura, Juana Ma Guzmán Cabañas, Ma Dolores Huertas Muñoz, Alberto Trujillo, Luis Fidel Moltó Ripoll, José Antonio Hurtado Suazo, Ana Elena Aldea Romero, Luis Paisán Grisolía, Ana Isabel Garrido Ocana, Eduardo Garcia Soblechero, Ma Yolanda Ruiz del Prado, Inés Esteba Díez, Gema E. González-Luis, Fermín García-Muñoz Rodrigo, Emilio Álvaro Iglesias, Fernando Fernandez Calvo, Eduard Solé Mir, Jordi Garcia Martí, Roberto Ortiz Movilla, Lucía Cabanillas Vilaplana, Marta García San Miguel, Isabel Llana Martín, María Fernández Díaz, Jesús Pérez Rodríguez, Sofía Salas, Carmen Muñoz Labian, Carmen González Armengod, Laura Domingo Comeche, Tomás Sánchez Tamayo, Manuel García del Río, José Ángel Alonso Gallego, José María Lloreda Garcia, Javier Vilas González, null Ocampo, Nieves Balado Insunza, Pilar García González, Mercedes Granero Asencio, Antonia López Sanz, Carmen Macías Díaz, Araceli Ferrari Cortés, Pedro Amadeo Fuster Jorge, Santiago López Mendoza, Sabina Romero Ramírez, Ma del Mar Albújar Font, Alicia de Ureta Huertas, Antonio Arroyos Plana, Javier Estañ Capell, Vicente Roqués, F. Morcillo, Sara Marín, María Fernanda Omaña, Gabriel Saitua Iturriaga, Jiri Kofron, Katarina Strand Brodd, Andreas Odlind, Lars Alberg, Sofia Arwehed, Eva Engström, Anna Kasemo, Charlotte Ekelund, Lars Åhman, Fredrik Ingemarsson, Laura Österdahl, Pernilla Thurn, Eva Albinsson, Bo Selander, Fredrik Lundberg, Ingela Heimdahl, Ola Hafström, Erik Wejryd, Johanna Kuusima-Löfbom, Ellen-Elisabeth Lund, Annelie Thorén, Boubou Hallberg, Eva Berggren Broström, Torbjörn Hertzberg, Björn Stjernstedt, Johan Robinson, Aijaz Farooqi, Erik Normann, Magnus Fredriksson, Anders Palm, Åsa Hedblom, Kenneth Sjöberg, Leif Thorbjörnsson, Andreas Ohlin, Rein Florell, Agneta Smedsaas-Löfvenberg, Philipp Meyer, Claudia Anderegg, Sven Schulzke, Mathias Nelle, Bendicht Wagner, Walter Bär, Grégoire Kaczala, Riccardo E. Pfister, Jean-François Tolsa, Matthias Roth, Thomas M. Berger, Bernhard Laubscher, Andreas Malzacher, John P. Micallef, Lukas Hegi, Romaine Arlettaz, Vera Bernet, Santanu Bag, Jonathan Kefas, Oliver Rackham, Arumugavelu Thirumurgan, Bill Yoxall, Tim McBride, Delyth Webb, Laweh Amegavie, Ahmed Hassan, Priyadarshan Ambadkar, Mark Dyke, Seif Babiker, Susan Rubin, Amanda Ogilvy-Stuart, Nagesh Panasa, Paul Settle, Jonathan Moise, Ngozi Edi-Osagie, Carrie Heal, Jacqeline Birch, Abdul Hasib, Aung Soe, Niraj Kumar, Hamudi Kisat, Vimal Vasu, Meera Lama, Richa Gupta, Chris Rawlingson, Tim Wickham, Karin Schwarz, Van Sommen, Sara Watkin, Aashish Gupta, Narendra Aladangady, Imdad Ali, Lesley Alsford, Khalid Mannan, Ebel Rainer, Nicholas Wilson, Mark Thomas, Ramnik Mathur, Michele Cruwys, Sunit Godambe, Timothy Watts, Jauro Kuna, John Chang, Jon Filkin, Charlotte Huddy, Ruth Shephard, Krzystof Zieba, Patti Rao, Andrew Currie, Azhar Manzoor, Munir Ahmed, Phil Simmons, Julie Nycyk, Andrew Gallagher, Chrisantha Halahakoon, Sanjeev Deshpande, Anand Mohite, Kate Palmer, Alan Gibson, Mehdi Garbash, Mithilesh Lal, Majd Abu-Harb, Róisín McKeon-Carter, Michael Selter, Paul Munyard, Vaughan Lewis, Mala Raman, Graham Whincup, Abdus Mallik, Philip Amess, Charles Godden, Peter Reynolds, Indranil Misra, Naveen Shettihalli, Peter De Halpert, Sanjay Salgia, Rekha Sanghavi, Ruth Wigfield, Abby Deketelaere, Minesh Khashu, Michael Hall, Charlotte Groves, Nick Brown, Nick Brennan, Katia Vamvakiti, Mal Ratnayaka, Simon Pirie, Stephen Jones, Paul Mannix, David Harding, Megan Eaton, David Gibson, and Lawrence Miall

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Logistic regression, Global Health, Odds, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Retrospective Studies, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Mortality rate, Infant, Newborn, Retrospective cohort study, Retinopathy of prematurity, medicine.disease, Low birth weight, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Infant, Extremely Premature, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Demography
Abstract

OBJECTIVE To compare rates of a composite outcome of mortality or major morbidity in very-preterm/very low birth weight infants between 8 members of the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes. STUDY DESIGN We included 58 004 infants born weighing

Published
2016

16. Twilight of the ideologues

Author

David Bourchier

Subjects
Twilight, media_common.quotation_subject, Ideology, Art, Religious studies, media_common
Published
2014

18. Response to Dr Verd correspondence

Author

David Bourchier

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Breast milk, Enteral administration, Human milk fortifier, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Feed type, medicine, Potential confounder, Humans, Acidosis, Lactic, Female, Lactic Acid, business, Infant, Premature
Abstract

We thank Dr Verd for raising this important point which was not fully addressed in our paper. Enteral intake was not included in the regression analysis as the intake varied widely amongst the study infants. Of the 67 infants included in the analysis, two attained full enteral intake by day 14. They were fed exclusively breast milk until day 12 when human milk fortifier (Wyeth) was added. Nine infants were nil per mouth throughout the study period and another received preterm formula (Wyeth S-26 LBW) intermittently. The remaining 55 infants received irregular, intermittent feeds of breast milk with volumes ranging from 12ml in 14 days through to almost full enteral intake. Given the variation in feed type, varying gastric residuals and the irregular nature of the enteral intake, we determined that it would be difficult to undertake a meaningful analysis but acknowledge Dr Verd’s concern that enteral intake may be a potential confounder.

Published
2014

19. Indonesian Politics and Society

Author

Vedi R. Hadiz and David Bourchier

Subjects
Political radicalism, Politics, Pluralism (political theory), Human rights, Political science, media_common.quotation_subject, New social movements, Democratization, Federalism, Social science, Organicism, media_common, Epistemology
Abstract

Notes on the authors Acknowledgments Glossary Introduction Part 1 The Search for a political Format, 1965-1973 Chapter 1. The Organicist camp Chapter 2. Modernising pluralism Chapter 3. Marginalised Islam Part 2 The New Order at its Height, 1973-1988 Chapter 4. Organicism ascendant Chapter 5. Pluralist critiques Chapter 6. Islam out in the cold Part 3 Themes in the Later New Order Chapter 7. Radicalism and new social movements Chapter 8. 'Political openness' and democratisation Chapter 9. State and society relations Chapter 10. Human rights and the rule of law Chapter 11. Federalism, regionalism and the unitary state Part 4 Crisis and Reformation Chapter 12. Looking beyond the New Order References Index

Published
2014

20. Indonesianising Indonesia: Conservative indigenism in an age of globalisation

Author

David Bourchier

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Linguistics and Language, Middle class, Communication, media_common.quotation_subject, Asian values, Language and Linguistics, Nationalism, Politics, Globalization, Political economy, Rhetoric, Sociology, Left-wing politics, Ideology, Social science, media_common
Abstract

Positing that the key to understanding most ‘Asian values’ rhetoric lies at the level of domestic politics, this paper examines the manufacture and political uses of ‘indigenist’ discourses in Indonesia. It contrasts populist and conservative forms of indigenism and explores how President Soeharto deployed the latter against his leftist, Muslim and liberal critics. The paper suggests that the rise of an educated and globally connected middle class has eroded the government's ability to rely on old ideological formulas and led it to search for new legitimatory mechanisms. Domestic turmoil arising from the economic crisis sweeping Asia may, however, see a return to nationalism and with it a boost in the stocks of indigenism and ‘Asian values’.

Published
1998

21. Book reviews

Author

David Reeve, Richard Gehrmann, David Wang, David C. Schak, Vera Mackie, S.G. Redding, Tim Wright, Michael Schoenhals, J. Bruce Jacobs, Mobo C.F. Gao, Kate Brittlebank, Sandra Penny‐Dimri, Harry Aveling, Keith Richmond, Leon Comber, Roger Knight, Beng‐Huat Chua, Christopher Basile, Harold Crouch, Kelvin Rowley, Rob Cramb, J.D. Legge, Martin Stuart‐Fox, David Bourchier, I.W. Mabbett, and William S. Logan

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Sociology and Political Science
Published
1995

22. Book reviews

Author

Maureen Bennett, Louise Edwards, Carney Fisher, Lincoln Li, Edmund S.K. Fung, Sydney Crawcour, David Wright‐Neville, Dennis Kishere, Anne McLaren, John Fitzgerald, Michael R. Godley, Kam Louie, Paul Rule, Sylvia Chan, Thomas Weber, Robert W. Stern, Sandra Penny‐Dimri, Peter Wicks, Robert C. Rice, Justin Corfield, Lee Bryant, Paul Alexander, K.L. Johnson, David Bourchier, and Scot Barmé

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Sociology and Political Science
Published
1994

23. The Revival of Tradition in Indonesian Politics

Author

Gerry Van Klinken, Tania Li, Daniel Fitzpatrick, David Bourchier, and Carol Warren

Subjects
Politics, Western law, History, Sovereignty, State (polity), media_common.quotation_subject, Ethnic violence, Gender studies, Religious studies, Colonialism, Citizenship, Indigenous, media_common
Abstract

List of illustrations List of contributors Preface and acknowledgements Abbreviations and glossary 1. Introduction: radical conservatism - the protean politics of adat David Henley and Jamie S. Davidson 2. Colonial dilemma: Van Vollenhoven and the struggle between adat law and Western law in Indonesia C. Fasseur 3. Custom, that is before all law Peter Burns 4. Custom and koperasi: the cooperative ideal in Indonesia David Henley 5. The romance of adat in the Indonesian political imagination and the current revival David Bourchier 6. Land, custom and the state in post-Suharto Indonesia: a foreign lawyer's perspective Daniel Fitzpatrick 7. Return of the sultans: the communitarian turn in local politics Gerry van Klinken 8. Adat in Balinese discourse and practice: locating citizenship and the commonweal Carol Warren 9. The many roles of adat in West Sumatra Renske Biezeveld 10. Culture and rights in ethnic violence Jamie S. Davidson 11. Adat revivalism in western Flores Maribeth Erb 12. From bumiputera to masyarakat adat: a long and confusing journey Sandra Moniaga 13. From customary law to indigenous sovereignty: reconceptualizing the scope and significance of masyarakat adat in contemporary Indonesia Greg Acciaioli 14. The masyarakat adat movement in Indonesia: a critical insider's view Arianto 15. Adat in Central Sulawesi: contemporary deployments Tania M. Li

Published
2007

24. Bush and Asia

Author

Ben Reid, Mark Beeson, Roland Bleiker, Michael Connors, and David Bourchier

Subjects
Hegemony, Economy, Foreign policy, Political science, Regionalism (international relations), East Asia, Social science, China, Security policy, Administration (government), East asian region
Abstract

Bringing together a number of recognized international experts, this book considers the impact of changes in American foreign policy on the East Asian region, as well as the evolving nature of American policy itself. Specific case studies consider America's relations with the most important countries of the region, including China, a potential strategic rival, Japan, still the second largest economy in the world, and Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim country. These case studies and others are complemented with more theoretical and thematic considerations of the nature of American hegemony, its historical links to the region, security policy, economic ties, and American attitudes toward emerging East Asian regionalism. Bush and Asia provides a comprehensive introduction to, and analysis of, the Bush administration's relations with what will be the twenty-first century's most dynamic and strategically significant region.

Published
2006

25. Plasma aldosterone levels in the 1st week of life in infants of less than 30 weeks gestation

Author

David Bourchier

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Sodium, chemistry.chemical_element, Gestational Age, Severity of Illness Index, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, Blood plasma, medicine, Humans, Aldosterone, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Gestational age, Sodium, Dietary, Endocrinology, chemistry, Mineralocorticoid, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Linear Models, Gestation, Regression Analysis, Female, business, Homeostasis, Infant, Premature
Abstract

Plasma aldosterone levels were measured in 50 infants of less than 30 weeks gestation at 24 h (D1) and 7 days (D7). The relationship between the plasma aldosterone level and a number of clinical and biochemical variables was explored. Plasma aldosterone levels ranged from 1000 to 30000 pmol/l and were inversely correlated with the severity of illness (D1 or D7), serum sodium (D7) and 24 h sodium intake (D1). No correlation with the serum potassium level was noted. Conclusion:Plasma aldosterone levels in this extremely premature cohort were significantly greater than those reported in more mature infants. Important determinants were severity of illness and sodium homeostasis.

Published
2004

26. Randomised trial of dopamine compared with hydrocortisone for the treatment of hypotensive very low birthweight infants

Author

Philip J. Weston and David Bourchier

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Retinopathy of prematurity, General Medicine, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Sepsis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Dopamine, Internal medicine, Anesthesia, Diabetes mellitus, Ductus arteriosus, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Corticosteroid, business, Hydrocortisone, medicine.drug
Abstract

AIM—To compare the efficacy of hydrocortisone with dopamine for the treatment of hypotensive, very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. METHODS—Forty infants were randomly allocated to receive either hydrocortisone (n=21) or dopamine (n=19). RESULTS—All 19 infants randomised to dopamine responded; 17 of 21 (81%) did so in the hydrocortisone group. Three of the four non-responders in the hydrocortisone group had clinically significant left to right ductal shunting. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular haemorrhage, necrotising enterocolitis, symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus, hyperglycaemia, sepsis (bacterial or fungal) or survival did not differ between groups. The adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulated plasma cortisol activity, either before or after treatment, did not differ between the two groups of infants. Although a significant difference in efficacy between dopamine and hydrocortisone was not noted (P = 0.108), there were four treatment failures in the hydrocortisone group, compared with none in the dopamine group. CONCLUSION—Both hydrocortisone and dopamine are effective treatments for hypotension in very low birthweight infants. Keywords: hydrocortisone; dopamine; hypotension; very low birthweight; plasma cortisol

Published
1997

27. Bicarbonate therapy for infants

Author

David Bourchier

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, business.industry, Bicarbonate, Anesthesia, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, business
Published
2011

28. A RANDOMISED TRIAL OF DOPAMINE VERSUS HYDROCORTISONE IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPOTENSIVE VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS. † 1171

Author

Philip J. Weston and David Bourchier

Subjects
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, education, Dopamine, Anesthesia, mental disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, business, reproductive and urinary physiology, Hydrocortisone, medicine.drug
Abstract

Aim: To compare the efficacy of hydrocortisone with dopamine in the treatment of hypotensive, very low birthweight (VLBW) infants (< 1500 grams).

Published
1996

29. Democracy in Indonesia: 1950s and 1990s

Author

Dwight Y. King, David Bourchier, and John Legge

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Political economy, Geography, Planning and Development, Development economics, Democracy, media_common
Published
1995

30. Indonesian Politics and Society : A Reader

Author

David Bourchier, Vedi Hadiz, David Bourchier, and Vedi Hadiz

Subjects
DS644.4
Abstract

Using an exhaustive selection of primary sources, this book presents a rich and textured picture of Indonesian politics and society from 1965 to the dramatic changes which have taken place in recent years. Providing a complete portrait of the Indonesian political landscape, this authoritative reader is an essential resource in understanding the history and contradictions of the New Order, current social and political conditions and the road ahead.

Published
2003

31. Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring in acute asthma

Author

David Bourchier and Dawson Kp

Subjects
Male, Partial Pressure, Asthma attack, chemistry.chemical_element, Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring, Oxygen, Humans, Medicine, Poor correlation, Child, Skin, Asthma, business.industry, Infant, Blood flow, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, chemistry, Child, Preschool, Anesthesia, Acute Disease, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Arterial blood, Female, Blood Gas Analysis, Transcutaneous oxygen, business
Abstract

Arterial blood oxygen tensions (Pao2) were compared with simultaneously obtained transcutaneous oxygen measurements (TcO2) in 15 children during an acute asthma attack and in 18 children with an illness other than asthma. A close correlation between TcO2 and PaO2 was obtained in the non-asthmatic group but not in the asthmatics. It is suggested that impaired cutaneous blood flow may explain this poor correlation.

Published
1984

32. Book reviews

Author

Lincoln Li, Erika Platte, J.P. Hu, Bill Brugger, Nick Knight, Graham Young, Christopher Findlay, Lance Eccles, Reiko Atsumi, Yuki Tanaka, Richard Cashman, Debesh Bhattacharya, Lance Brennan, Abul M. M. Masih, H.W. Dick, Lee Poh Ping, John S. Wellington, Scott Bamber, B.J. Terwiel, Margaret J. Kartomi, Peter Worsley, Aline Scott–Maxwell, Gale Dixon, Barbara Watson Andaya, Anthony Reid, David Bourchier, Patrick Guinness, R.T. Shand, and Simon Barraclough

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Sociology and Political Science
Published
1988

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