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FaaS is a novel, but highly emerging service model in cloud computing. The importance of FaaS can be seen as public service providers have their own FaaS infrastructures and also the open source community makes efforts to implement FaaS initiatives.In this paper, we show the performance differences of the Python3, Node.js and Golang runtimes of OpenFaaS, Kubeless, Fission, and Knative platforms. We also show how the supported auto-scaling algorithms of the examined FaaS systems influence the performance of the function runtimes. Finally, we propose solutions to increase the performance of the Python3 runtime of OpenFaaS and Kubeless.

Scalability is the ability of a resource or an application to be expanded to handle the increasing demands. One of the most emphasized aspects of cloud computing is the ability of scaling up or down. Scaling can be performed by either an operator or automatically. Autoscaling algorithms are getting more and more emphasized in the field of cloud computing. In this paper we propose an adaptive autoscaler, Libra, which automatically detects the optimal resource set for a single pod, then manages the horizontal scaling process. Additionally, if the load or the underlying virtualized environment changes, Libra adapts the resource definition for the pod and adjusts the horizontal scaling process accordingly.

Industrial IoT has special communication requirements, including high reliability, low latency, flexibility, and security. These are instinctively provided by the 5G mobile technology, making it a successful candidate for supporting Industrial IoT (IIoT) scenarios. The aim of this paper is to identify current research challenges and solutions in relation to 5G-enabled Industrial IoT, based on the initial requirements and promises of both domains. The methodology of the paper follows the steps of surveying state-of-the art, comparing results to identify further challenges, and drawing conclusions as lessons learned for each research domain. These areas include IIoT applications and their requirements, mobile edge cloud, back-end performance tuning, network function virtualization, and security, blockchains for IIoT, Artificial Intelligence support for 5G, and private campus networks. Beside surveying the current challenges and solutions, the paper aims to provide meaningful comparisons for each of these areas (in relation to 5G-enabled IIoT) to draw conclusions on current research gaps.

A dynamically expanding area of cloud computing is Function as a Service (FaaS). FaaS allows customers to develop, run, and manage application functionalities on cloud infrastructure without the burden of building and managing a virtual infrastructure. The vast majority of FaaS services used in production are provided by public cloud operators, but a growing number of open source FaaS frameworks offer an alternative deploying on-premises FaaS services. FaaS frameworks support different programming language runtimes. The performance of such systems is dependent on these language runtimes. Our goal is to show and analyze this dependency, and provide insights to the important aspect when performance is essential. This paper provides a measurement based evaluation of the capabilities of different language runtimes in FaaS frameworks. We evaluate three different workloads (echo, compute intensive, and data intensive) on the selected runtimes.

Minimized and stable communication latency opens up the possibility for various new cloud computing domains, ranging from industrial control to stateless network functions. In this paper we evaluate the related performance aspects of two kernel bypassing technologies, RDMA and DPDK, and plain kernel sockets in a containerized environment. We show that RDMA and DPDK can provide similar latency characteristics for short messages, while RDMA outperforms DPDK as the message size grows. We demonstrate that if CPU usage is a concern, plain UDP sockets are considerable alternatives to the bypassing solutions, however, if single digit microsecond latency is a must, a dedicated CPU is necessary even for RDMA. Finally, we show that a software based message reliability can provide the same, or in some cases even better latency characteristics than the hardware based solution of RDMA, and that noisy neighbors in a cloud environment may significantly impact the performance, even with dedicated CPU cores.

The authors compared the medical histories of incarcerated and nonincarcerated delinquent children. Incarcerated delinquent children were significantly more likely than nonincarcerated delinquents ...

This report explores some associations among juvenile-delinquency, subsequent criminality, and subsequent psychiatric treatment. A sample of 255 males known to the juvenile court 25 years prior to the study is examined in terms of subsequent documented psychiatric treatment and/or criminal activity. Of the 255 former delinquents, 6% were known later to both criminal justice and psychiatric systems, 6% to psychiatric systems only, 28% to the criminal justice system only, and 60% to neither. Delinquents with later psychiatric histories were twice as likely to be known to the criminal justice system than were those without psychiatric histories. Those with adult psychiatric histories were also significantly younger at the time of their first delinquent offense and committed more juvenile offenses than the nonpsychiatric group. Only 2 of the 16 individuals later known to both systems were diagnosed sociopathic. The findings are discussed.

Personality factors in the behavior of retarded individuals are discussed, including positive and negative reaction tendencies, expectancy of failure, motivation for differing kinds of incentives, outerdirectedness, and the influence of institutional experience on the personality development of retarded persons. The important of these factors in clinical assessment is indicated

In clinical practice the authors observed that many of the delinquent children of psychiatrically impaired and/or criminal parents had remarkably adverse health histories. To test their clinical impression they systematically compared the medical histories of 20 delinquent children with criminal parents and 85 delinquent children with less obviously maladapted parents. They found a strong association between paternal criminality and serious medical problems in these delinquent children. On the basis of this finding the authors suggest that the behavioral manifestations resulting from such physical illness or neglect, although they appear genetic in nature, may reflect the physical and psychological consequences of parental neglect and/or battering.

Clinical and epidemiological evidence is presented indicating that many more black delinquent children and their families fail to receive needed psychiatric and medical services than do white delinquents. Explanations and implications of the reluctance or inability of white mental health professionals to diagnose serious psychopathology in the black delinquent population are explored.

The authors investigated the discrepant treatment by a juvenile court of adopted versus neglected delinquents. Adopted delinquents received harsher dispositions in spite of the fact that neglected delinquents often faced more serious charges. The two groups are compared in terms of family structure and the criminal and psychiartic histories of their parents; none of these seems to account for the adoptees' harsher treatment. The authors hypothesize that an interplay of late adoption intrinsic vulnerabilities in the children, and weakness of parental bonds accounts for the differential outcomes.

A two-group approach to the range of intellect was explained to account for irregularities in the “normal” IQ curve. Organically retarded persons would be represented by one curve at the lowest end of the distribution. Familial retarded persons would be grouped with the rest of the population—their lower IQs considered a part of the normal variation dictated by the diversity of human genetic inheritance. The extreme environmental approach to mental retardation was summarized, as were the difference and general-developmental positions. Behavioral differences between mildly retarded and nonretarded persons of the same MA were explained in terms of environmentally-based motivational differences, including such factors as social deprivation, expectancy of success, optimal reinforcers, outerdirectedness, and institutionalization.

As presently constituted, juvenile courts serve neither the interests of society nor those of children. Partly as a response to this criticism, a child psychiatric clinic composed of a part-time child psychiatrist, social worker, and psychologist was introduced into an established juvenile court. This paper focuses on the process and difficulties of such an undertaking. The significance of this work for the future of the juvenile justice system is discussed.

Summary In an effort to investigate the effects of attachment to the dominant culture and of developmental level on the self-concept, 62 male Lebanese-Americans of first, second, or third generation of residence in America completed two forms (questionnaire and adjective checklist) of an instrument designed to measure self-image disparity. A series of questions was used to measure extent of attachment to the Lebanese subculture, and a social competence index was employed as the measure of developmental level. No effects associated with self-image disparity emerged for generation of residence or developmental level. However, subjects who were strongly attached to the Lebanese culture showed less disparity on the questionnaire than those who were detached from it. Some support was provided for the developmental position, since Low Competence Ss made larger numbers of extreme responses on the questionnaire than the High Competence S.

In an effort to explore the association of delinquent behavior and psychopathology, a roster of all male children referred to the New Haven, Conn, Juvenile Court during two years approximately 20 and 25 years ago was gathered and compared with the roster of persons known to two local state psychiatric facilities. A total of 78 of 682 referrals to the court were subsequently known to one or both of the psychiatric facilities, 60 as inpatients. Incidence of psychiatric hospitalization during 1972 was found to be significantly greater than that of the general population of Connecticut, or of Connecticut males in the 25 to 44 age range. Incidence of psychiatric hospitalization and/or treatment was similarly found to be significantly greater than the incidence in a demographically similar random sample from the New Haven area.