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Bos indicus for human welfare. Ayurveda classics "Sushruta Samhita", "Ashtanga Sangraha" alluded to the therapeutic potential of pristine cow urine as drug or drug ingredients. Compelling evidence exhibits the innumerable medicinal properties of cow urine; accordingly, this elixir can directly treat complex ailments such as leprosy, tuberculosis and fever. Also, the classics narrated many formulations that have utilized cow urine for the preparation of drugs, supplemented to enhance the potency. This practice is more empirical, and only a few pieces of experimental evidence supporting the claim are known. The associated mechanisms are poorly understood and so render its appeal to the limited mass. The study aims to investigate the bio-enhancer-like properties of cow urine toward network pharmacology. For that, 25 medicines having antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, enzyme inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory actions were selected as a reference. Network analysis for twenty chemotypes found in cow urine was carried out. First, through enrichment analysis, the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes and gene ontology terms were obtained. Second, we performed protein-protein interaction studies to screen more targets. Towards this, the drug-protein and cow urine-protein interaction networks are built separately and processed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture P management practices elevate the level of inorganic phosphates in soil that results in phosphorous (P) seepage into water-bodies. This is one of the key factors that have accelerated the menace of eutrophication. Phytic acid (phytate)-P-rich plant metabolite is infamous for its anti-nutrient activity and regularly oozing in to environment though discharge of mono-gastric animals. That has amplified the magnitudes of eutrophication. In this work, for catalysis of phytate-P, the metal-organic framework fabricated towards metal oxides (Fe3O4) and phytase in highly ordered microcosms of silica was employed. The synthesized framework was characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen isotherm analysis. Average pore diameter of synthesized bisect oval shaped structures was measured around ≈200 nm. Herein, phytase and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were loaded to the cavities of microcosms through glutaraldehyde-mediated crosslinking. Whereas Fe3O4 nanoparticles act as nano-absorbents that adsorb P liberated from phytase-mediated catalysis of phytate. Kinetic analysis of free and loaded phytase has shown relatively small reduction in catalytic efficiency. These loaded microcosms have removed 60–80% of phytate-phosphate. The optimized process has reduced the growth of photoautotrophs by 50%. Additionally the magnet-assisted separation of loaded microcosms eased the reapplication of loaded microcosms tested for six independent instances. The primary studies conducted to evaluate the geno-toxicity of loaded microcosms have not shown any harmful effect on the process like cell division and seed germination. The efficacy of this method has evaluated towards on-field testing in Changa (Gujarat, India) lake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayurveda – a traditional Indian medicinal (TIM) practice advocates a lifestyle regimen utilizing natural products to cure complex ailments. The famous Ayurveda classics, viz. Charak Samhita, Ashtanga Hridayam and Sushruta Samhita, elaborate on various plant and animal products, in which the descriptions are narrated in Sanskrit and often signified through a metaphor. The particulars are empirical and usually lack experimental evidence. Its efficacy needs to be ensured towards the gold standard of biomedical sciences. Indeed, an ordered catalogue on a natural product is quintessential to designing the validation strategies for TIM. We obtained evidence on 60 natural products with a mentioned history in Ayurveda. For this, we manually curated a list of natural products-derived molecules (NDMs). Next, they were sorted into universally accepted chemical identifiers and processed into SDF formats. The 1004 gene targets were identified for 636 NDMs through molecular and reverse docking studies. Subsequently, the functional annotation of differentially expressed genes using KEGG pathways and Gene Ontology analysis unravelled the role of the scrutinized ligands on cell functions. AYUsearch (database) is an attempt to redefine the information embedded in Ayurveda, where the biological role of natural chemical products is decoded through network pharmacology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]