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In this paper, we approach urban heritage tourism practices in Haiti, focusing on four cities in the country: Cap-Haïtien and Milot, located in the North Department; Jacmel, Southeast Department and Port-au-Prince, West Department. The choice of these cities as the object of analysis is because they are the urban regions that concentrate national and world cultural heritage. With this in mind, we aim to reflect on the urban tourism practices of four cultural heritage sites, three of which are national, and one is worldwide. This article is based on bibliographic research and analysis of reports and statistical data tourism and heritage on urban Haiti. We believe that tourism practices in Haiti are inadequate, and we feel the need to rethink tourism in historic heritage Haitian cities.

Levantado do chão é um romance sobre o trabalhador rural, e é em sua reflexão acerca destes homens e mulheres, bem como a forma como os desenvolve, que se insere meu interesse. Muito tem a dizer essa história simples, sem clímax nem desfecho bem marcado, sem heróis nem grandes acontecimentos, esse romance que se constrói também como um latifúndio: o latifúndio de uma vida miserável, mas nem por isso desprovida de beleza. Filhos do latifúndio, os personagens desenvolvem-se mantendo-se na posição de ninguém, sem que o narrador se preocupe em velar seu apagamento – pois é justamente este apagamento, que tanta coisa revela. No caso de Saramago, principalmente a lidar com questões como o discurso oficial, nacional e religioso, a ironia se prova uma ferramenta amplamente utilizada pelo narrador para romper com esses paradigmas, com as bases desses discursos.

AbstractThe escalating ubiquity of social media has intensified the influence of public relations on the general populace’s outlook toward sports and athletes. However, there are limited studies in the literature regarding an overview of public relations in the context of sports. This study addresses this gap by using bibliometric analysis to provide an overview of current trends and future developments in sports PR. The procedures have been executed by analysing the most productive authors and organisations, the frequently researched subjects, and the most cited publications. A comprehensive search of scientific databases was conducted to analyse 524 publications. The datasets retrieved in this study were analysed using ScientoPy and VOSviewer to identify tendencies and map the research themes based on the authors’ keywords. The findings highlight that the keywords frequently used by previous scholars are public relations, sports, and social media. An overall picture of the state of research on sport and public relations is given by this bibliometric analysis. The findings indicate that despite significant advancements in this domain, a considerable amount of work remains to be undertaken, particularly in underexplored areas such as sports communication and image restoration. The findings of this study can be advantageous for individuals involved in sports and public relations, including researchers, practitioners, and students.

Considerando o caráter hiperendêmico e epidêmico da dengue no Brasil, o presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar a incidência da arbovirose de 2008 a 2023 nos municípios do Rio de Janeiro e Niterói. Exploramos fatores associados, buscando explicar o comportamento nas duas cidades. Estudo ecológico retrospectivo que utilizou dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), do IBGE e do Banco de Dados Meteorológicos do INMET. Foram analisados os casos de dengue de acordo com o ano de notificação e município de residência, de 2008 a 2023, no Rio de Janeiro e Niterói e foram calculadas as incidências por 100.000 habitantes. Foram analisados IDH e cobertura do saneamento básico e calculadas as precipitações mensal máxima, mínima e a média, na estação A652 do Forte de Copacabana no Rio de Janeiro e A627 em Niterói, de julho de 2018 a dezembro de 2023, pela limitação da estação meteorológica de Niterói. Em relação aos indicadores socioeconômicos, o Rio de Janeiro tem densidade demográfica, IDH e cobertura de saneamento básico de 5174,60 hab./km², 0,799, e 94,4%, respectivamente e, Niterói, 3601,67 hab./km² e 0,837 e 91,1%, respectivamente. As precipitações no Rio de Janeiro variaram de 0 mm a 396 mm, com uma média de 100 mm mensais. Em Niterói, a variação foi de 0mm a 332mm, com uma média de 89 mm mensais. O maior pico de incidência de dengue no Rio de Janeiro ocorreu em 2012, com 2.817,4 /100 mil habitantes. Em Niterói, o ano de maior incidência foi 2013, com 2.549,2/100 mil habitantes. A partir de 2019, Niterói assumiu incidência inferior a 100/100 mil habitantes e se manteve assim até o final do período analisado, inclusive durante a epidemia de 2023, quando o Rio de Janeiro contou com 704,3/100 mil habitantes, e Niterói com 65,4/100 mil habitantes. Desde 2015, Niterói faz parte da World Mosquito Program (WMP), iniciativa que explora a relação simbiótica entre a bactéria Wolbachia e o Aedes aegypti, reduzindo a capacidade do mosquito em transmitir a dengue. Em 2016, o projeto foi expandido para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no entanto, apenas para a Ilha do Governador. A diferença das incidências nas duas cidades, com indicadores socioeconômicos e ambientais comparáveis, a partir de 2021, sugere a efetividade da estratégia World Mosquito Program na prevenção da dengue em Niterói. Palavras-chave: Dengue, Epidemiologia, Determinantes. Conflitos de interesse: Não houve conflito de interesse. Ética e financiamentos: Declarações de interesse: Nenhum.

Resumo Crajubar é a região formada pelos municípios Crato, Juazeiro do Norte e Barbalha situados ao sul do estado do Ceará. A expansão urbana desordenada com a retirada de parte significativa da vegetação, mudança da topografia local e aterro de corpos hídricos tem contribuído para a formação de ilhas de calor e consequentemente afetando negativamente a qualidade de vida da população local. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho, foi realizar uma análise temporal da temperatura de superfície em função do uso e ocupação do solo, relacionando com a cobertura do solo por meio do índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI). Foi considerada uma série histórica dos anos de 2000, 2010 e 2020, utilizando imagens do Landsat 5, sensor TM nas bandas 3, 4 e 6 e Landsat 8, sensor OLI, nas bandas 4, 5 e 10 adquiridas da United States Geological Survey (USGS). Os resultados evidenciaram a formação de ilhas de calor nos bairros intensamente edificados e com classes de solos expostos, enquanto as ilhas de frescor compõem os corpos hídricos e a vegetação que os margeiam. A arborização da cidade com plantas perenifólias pode favorecer a redução da temperatura local principalmente nos meses de estiagem.

Even though respiratory dysfunctions are the primary symptom associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, cerebrovascular events, and neurological symptoms are described in many patients. However, the connection between the neuroimmune profile and the lung's inflammatory condition during COVID-19 and its association with the neurological symptoms reported by COVID-19 patients still needs further exploration. The present study characterizes the SARS-CoV-2 infectivity profile in postmortem nervous and lung tissue samples of patients who died due to severe COVID-19, and the pro-inflammatory factors present in both nervous and lung tissue samples, via a proteomic profiling array. Additionally, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels and intracellular pathways related to neuroplasticity/neuroprotection were assessed in the samples. Out of the 16 samples analyzed, all samples but 1 were positive for the viral genome (genes E or N2, but only 3.9% presented E and N2) in the olfactory brain pathway. The E or N2 gene were also detected in all lung samples, with 43.7% of the samples being positive for the E and N2 genes. In the E/N2 positive brain samples, the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 co-localized with TUJ-1+ (neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin) and GFAP+ (glial fibrillary acidic protein) astrocytes. IL-6, but not IL-10, expression was markedly higher in most nervous tissue samples compared to the lung specimens. While intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were increased in lung samples from SARS-Cov-2 patients, only MIF and IL-18 were detected in nervous tissue samples. Correlation analysis suggested that high levels of IL-6 are followed by increased levels of IL-10 in the brain, but not in lung samples. Our analysis also demonstrated that the presence of comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and hypothyroidism, is associated with neuroinflammation, while chronic kidney conditions predict the presence of neurological symptoms, which correlate with lower levels of BDNF in the brain samples. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that a pro-inflammatory state might further impair neural homeostasis and induce brain abnormalities found in COVID-19 patients.

In the European Union (EU), organic rabbit farming (ORF) remains uncommon (≈50 farms), found mainly in France, and to a much lesser extent in Austria, Switzerland, Spain and Italy. As rabbits are herbivorous, ORF is based mainly on grazing. This review summarises information on the functioning and performance of rabbit farming systems in France, with organic certification and/or access to pasture. Recent studies have quantified the grass intake (30 to 80 g dry matter/d/rabbit) and growth rate of rabbits on pasture (15 to 30 g/d). ORF has an extensive production cycle with a mean of 2.7 parturitions per doe and per year. The main concerns for the farmers developing ORF include available land and managing health and feeding. However, in France, a herd with 40 does on 4 ha (of pastures and complementary crops), can provide a halftime minimum salary. Since January 2022, a new regulation on ORF is applied for all EU member countries that recommends a maximum use of pasture but nevertheless allows farmers to keep a herd with 40 does on only 200 m² of pasture. It also does not require rotating rabbits on the pasture between batches of animals, wich increases the risk of parasitism. A smartphone application (GAELA) was recently developed to assist with daily management of rabbit farming, and to build a database of technical benchmarks to support the development of organic and pastured rabbit farming in France.

The increasing demands for food, driven by shrinking arable land areas and a growing population, underscore the need for innovative agricultural practices to mitigate the effects of soil degradation due to salinity and promote food security, particularly in regions heavily impacted by salinity. In this study, we investigated the effects of inoculating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus clarus on the productivity of Vigna unguiculata cv. BRS Imponente plants in response to salinity (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM). We found that NaCl concentrations ≥ 50 mM were phytotoxic, reducing plant growth and productivity. However, inoculation with AMF reduced plant oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide concentration and lipid peroxidation) and ionic stress (Na+/K+ ratio). Inoculated plants exhibited increased antioxidant enzyme activity (ascorbate peroxidase and catalase), higher P and K concentrations, and lower Na concentrations in their leaves. As a result, salt did not interfere with grain production in the AMF-inoculated plants. For the first time, we demonstrate that inoculation with R. clarus can counteract the harmful effects of NaCl in V. unguiculata plants, ensuring their grain yields. Therefore, amid the escalating soil salinization globally, the AMF R. clarus emerges as a practical approach to ensure cowpea yields and enhance production in deteriorating agricultural lands, especially in saline areas. This can significantly contribute to promoting food security.

Objectives: There are challenges for the treatment of osteoporosis in patients with kidney failure and monoclonal antibodies (MAb) might be a suitable therapy. However, the efficacy and safety of MAb among patients with osteoporosis and renal insufficiency remains unclear. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central for studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of the use of MAb in patients with osteoporosis and renal insufficiency. We pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for binary outcomes. Mean difference (MD) was used for continuous outcomes. Results: We included 5 studies with 33,550 patients. MAb therapy decreased the risk of vertebral fractures (RR 0.32; 95% CI 0.26–0.40; P

ABSTRACT: The study of genotypic relationships between drought tolerance indices and agronomic traits of interest in wheat breeding is useful for designing selection strategies. The objective of this research was to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships between agronomic traits and drought tolerance indices through the analysis of canonical correlations. Two trials (control and stress) were conducted in winter 2020 in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The traits evaluated were: (days for heading, plant height, mass and number of grains per spike, mass of one hundred grains, and grain yield). Grain yield data from the control and stress conditions were used to construct five drought tolerance indices. The data were subjected to mixed model analysis for estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values (REML/BLUP), and then the genotypic values were used to calculate the correlation coefficients between the traits. Two groups of traits were established for the study of canonical correlations, the first group consisting of agronomic traits and the second by drought tolerance indices. There was a significant genotype effect for all evaluated traits. The canonical pairs were significant, which indicated the existence of dependence between the groups. Days to heading trait can be used in the indirect selection of wheat genotypes for drought tolerance.

Considering the concerning increase in overweight and obesity rates among Filipino youth, this study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of a housework-based exercise program. This program capitalizes on the inherent familiarity of traditional household chores, transforming them into structured exercise routines designed to improve the physical fitness levels of overweight and obese Filipino adolescents. A one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The intervention transformed traditional household chores into structured exercise routines. Fitness parameters, including Body Mass Index (BMI), cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and muscular strength & endurance, were assessed before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 29, with Q-Q plots used to confirm the normality of the data. Paired sample t-tests evaluated pre- and post-intervention changes, while independent sample –t-tests determined gender differences. Findings showed that males experienced a greater reduction in BMI (+13.37%, p < .001, effect size = 1.393), while females showed more improvement in cardiovascular endurance (+8.82%, p < .001, effect size = 2.354) and flexibility (left: −46.12%, p < .001, right: −8.31%, p < .001). Both sexes achieved similar gains in muscular strength and endurance (push-up: −35.33%, p < .001, plank: −30.77%, p < .001). This research supports the value of everyday activities beyond structured exercise programs, highlighting the potential of a culturally sensitive approach that utilizes familiar household chores. The program promotes physical activity in a way that resonates with Filipino adolescents and their families, offering a promising, cost-effective intervention to address childhood obesity within the Filipino community.

Resumo Fundamento: Existem poucos estudos retrospectivos e prospectivos sobre cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI) na prevenção primária e secundária de morte súbita na cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC). Objetivos: Descrever a evolução a longo prazo dos portadores de CCC com CDI e identificar e analisar os preditores de mortalidade e de terapia apropriada do dispositivo nessa população. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo histórico com 117 pacientes portadores de CDI e CCC. Dispositivos foram implantados de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2021. Fatores preditores de terapias apropriadas e mortalidade a longo prazo foram identificados e analisados. O nível de significância estatística é de p < 0,05. Resultados: Pacientes (n = 117) tiveram mediana de seguimento de 61 meses (25 a 121 meses), sendo o gênero masculino (74%) predominante e a mediana de idade de 55 anos (48 a 64 anos). Houve 43,6% de choques apropriados, 26,5% de estimulação cardíaca antitaquicardia (ATP) e 51% de terapias apropriadas. Durante o seguimento, 46 pacientes (39,7%) foram a óbito. A mortalidade foi de 6,2% pessoas-ano (intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 4,6 a 8,3), com 2 mortes súbitas durante o seguimento. A prevenção secundária (hazard ratio [HR] 2.1; IC 95%: 1,1 a 4,3; p = 0,029) e a fração de ejeção menor que 30% (HR 1.8; IC 95%: 1,1 a 3,1; p < 0,05) foram preditores de terapias apropriadas. Escore de Rassi intermediário apresentou uma forte associação com ocorrência de ATP isoladamente (p = 0,015). A classe funcional IV (p = 0,007), fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo < 30 (p = 0,010) e a idade maior que 75 anos (p = 0,042) foram preditores de mortalidade total. Conclusão: Os desfibriladores na CCC apresentaram elevada incidência de acionamento apropriado especialmente naqueles pacientes de prevenção secundária, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo baixa e escore de Rassi intermediário. Os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, classe funcional avançada e idade maior que 75 anos apresentaram elevada mortalidade.

The aim of this study was to analyze which variables were most important for the teams’ final rank. Executive function, deliberate practice, and biological maturation between a higher-ranked and a lower-ranked team in the championship were considered. The 51 players were divided into the top and bottom team. The players underwent stop-signal, design fluency, and verbal fluency tests. Deliberate practice was asked by questionnaire, and biological maturation was based on maturity offset. The statistical analyses were performed with discriminant analysis and a comparison between teams. The results showed a discriminatory power in biological maturation, deliberate practice, and design fluency test. The Stop-Signal results show statistically significant differences in favor of the top team (SSRT: p=0.006 / d=0.84 and MRT: p=0.016 / d=0.74). Moreover, players in the top team had more deliberate practice time (p

The Internet of Things (IoT) has made our surroundings more innovative and responsive, which has improved our lives. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview by describing the descriptive parameters of publications, visualizing co-authorship and citation patterns, extracting the authors’ keywords, and determining the impact and research performance of the IoT in education. Subsequently, this paper provides an orientation for researchers to understand better the main progress and gaps in this scientific publication. From 2006 to 2021, a comprehensive inspection of 2503 documents in the Scopus database was accomplished. Based on the findings, the number of publications increased steadily, with a hike in publication numbers in 2020. Scholars from China contributed approximately 467 of the total global publications among 103 other countries. In addition, of the other 160 outlets, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing was the most prolific source title. Generally, there is sustained interest and increased research in this field, apart from establishing novel methods and directions. Accordingly, an in-depth examination of the IoT in education research may assist researchers and practitioners in advancing prospective knowledge in this subject by identifying gaps.

A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença autossômica recessiva que afeta principalmente o sistema respiratório, resultando em infecções crônicas e deterioração da função pulmonar, além de comumente afetar o sistema digestivo e o pâncreas. Neste relato de caso, descrevemos uma criança do sexo feminino de 8 anos com FC, colonizada por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, que desenvolveu exacerbação pulmonar não responsiva ao tratamento empírico inicial de amplo espectro direcionado contra os agentes de colonização prévia. Brevibacterium sp. foi detectado em cultura de lavado broncoalveolar coletada em broncoscopia. O esquema antimicrobiano foi mudado para meropenem e amicacina com melhora clínica e radiológica após 23 dias de tratamento, recebendo alta após 30 dias de internação para seguimento ambulatorial. É fundamental que os profissionais de saúde considerem a possibilidade de germes atípicos em casos de exacerbação pulmonar em pacientes com fibrose cística, principalmente em crianças sem resposta clínica inicial ao tratamento instituído empírico de amplo espectro.

Hydrogen is a promising alternative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and replace fossil fuels globally. However, the feasibility of this alternative is subject to various factors beyond market conditions, including political, economic, and technological conditions. The goal is to assess the potential opportunities and challenges the macroenvironment presents for developing hydrogen energy use in Brazil. The PESTEL framework was utilized, drawing on bibliographic, documentary, and survey data to evaluate the political (e.g., government management), economic (e.g., macro and microeconomic indicators), social (e.g., patterns and trends in social behavior), technological (e.g., research and innovation), environmental (e.g., characteristics and problems in the natural environment), and legal (e.g., rules, regulation and laws) segments from 2009 to 2021. The political segment significantly impacts the potential for developing the hydrogen sector. While the economic segment poses several threats, the technological, legal, and environmental segments represent significant opportunities. This analysis provides valuable insights into the macroenvironment's characteristics and its influence on developing hydrogen as a sustainable energy resource in Brazil.

Background Problems: Due to the intricate nature of the game and the requirement for proficiency in core skills like dribbling, passing, shooting, and defensive positioning, basketball players frequently have difficulties developing their technical abilities. Traditional training approaches may not focus enough on these skills, leaving room for growth. Research Objective: This study investigates how well basketball players' technical skills may be improved through game-based instruction, particularly small-sided basketball games. The study aims to address the need for a more focused approach to technical elements by highlighting the value of focused practice in pertinent game scenarios. Methods: The type of research used was quantitative research with a sample of 12 amateur athletes. The instrument used is the game performance evaluation tool (GPET). Quantitative data from pre- and post-assessments were examined using the appropriate statistical techniques, such as paired t-tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA). For the study, basketball players with various skill levels were listed. Small groups of participants received specialised training to develop their technical abilities. Findings and Results: Participants' technical proficiency significantly improved after strategically focused practice using small-sided basketball games. The outcomes show that this game-based method works well for improving basic abilities, including passing, dribbling, shooting, and positioning defensively. The results highlight how effective it is to use small-sided games to help basketball players enhance their skills. Conclusion: The study concludes that small-sided basketball games are an effective strategy for improving basketball players' technical proficiency. Notwithstanding several constraints, such as a comparatively limited sample size and consistency in participant skill levels, the findings indicate that focused practice in pertinent gaming environments produces notable enhancements. To better understand the potential of this strategy for players of different skill levels, future studies should include additional variables like training amounts and differences in small-sided game structures.

Background The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unclear – it is estimated to affect 27–69 million individuals yearly with the bulk of the TBI burden in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs). Research has highlighted significant between-hospital variability in TBI outcomes following emergency surgery, but the overall incidence and epidemiology of TBI remains unclear. To address this need, we established the Global Epidemiology and Outcomes following Traumatic Brain Injury (GEO-TBI) registry, enabling recording of all TBI cases requiring admission irrespective of surgical treatment. Objective The GEO-TBI: Incidence study aims to describe TBI epidemiology and outcomes according to development indices, and to highlight best practices to facilitate further comparative research. Design Multi-centre, international, registry-based, prospective cohort study. Subjects Any unit managing TBI and participating in the GEO-TBI registry will be eligible to join the study. Each unit will select a 90-day study period. All TBI patients meeting the registry inclusion criteria (neurosurgical/ICU admission or neurosurgical operation) during the selected study period will be included in the GEO-TBI: Incidence. Methods All units will form a study team, that will gain local approval, identify eligible patients and input data. Data will be collected via the secure registry platform and validated after collection. Identifiers may be collected if required for local utility in accordance with the GEO-TBI protocol. Data Data related to initial presentation, interventions and short-term outcomes will be collected in line with the GEO-TBI core dataset, developed following consensus from an iterative survey and feedback process. Patient demographics, injury details, timing and nature of interventions and post-injury care will be collected alongside associated complications. The primary outcome measures for the study will be the Glasgow Outcome at Discharge Scale (GODS) and 14-day mortality. Secondary outcome measures will be mortality and extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) at the most recent follow-up timepoint.

A doença de Chagas representa grave problema de sáude pública na América Latina. A morte súbita cardíaca (MSC) é um dos fenômenos clínicos característicos dessa patologia. O cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI) tornou-se a principal estratégia terapêutica para prevenção de morte súbita cardíaca. Objetivo: Descrever as características epidemiológicas e clínicas dos portadores de cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) portadores de desfibrilador cardíaco implantável (CDI) atendidos em um ambulatório especializado de cuidados terciários do sistema único de saúde (SUS) no estado do Ceará. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Resultados: Foram selecionados 117 pacientes, a maioria eram homens, a mediana de idade foi de 55 anos. Setenta e três por cento dos pacientes eram oriundos do interior do estado do Ceará. A maioria dos pacientes apresentavam baixa escolaridade. Em 87 pacientes a indicação do CDI foi por prevenção secundária de morte súbita. Conclusão: Apesar da descoberta da doença de Chagas ter sido feita há mais de cem anos e serem utilizados tratamentos de alto custo, como o CDI, financiados pelo SUS, o perfil epidemiológico do paciente portador dessa patologia pouco mudou.

Eurocode 8 is undergoing a revision process encompassing novel ductility classes, damage limitation limits, local ductility conditions corresponding to detailing prescriptions and structural irregularity criteria. In this paper, we specifically assessed the influence of an irregularity in elevation, imposed by different elevations, on the first and third storeys of buildings, and variations in the cross-sections of columns during the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. To assess this impact, an extensive examination was conducted on thirteen five-storey moment-resisting frame (MRF) buildings. The design of those structures was carried out on the Robot Structural Analysis Professional framework following the current generation of Eurocodes 2 and 8, and the seismic response analysis was carried out using the SeismoStruct v2024 software. The results were compared to evaluate the influence of imposed irregularities in elevation due to the increasing height, column cross-section, mass, and resistance variation. The study’s outcomes revealed that, for DCM structures, the imposed irregularities in elevation have different impacts on the seismic response. Increasing the heights of ground or middle floor have substantial deleterious effects on the building’s seismic response. The planned geometry and variations in the cross-sections of columns substantially impact inter-storey drift and base shear. The effects of mass and resistance irregularities were neglected in this study. As such, more studies on those matters are necessary to allow our results to be further generalised.

Background and Study Aim. Studies on exercise as punishment (EAP) have focused on students and coaches, but less attention has been given to the perspectives of physical education (PE) teachers. This study examined the factors that influence Filipino PE teachers' intentions to use EAP. Specifically, the study examined the role of socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes, and subjective norms in predicting intentions to use EAP in PE classes. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 397 PE teachers from all 16 regions of the Philippines. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data on the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes, subjective norms, and intention to use EAP in their classes. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results. The results showed that attitude was the strongest predictor, followed by gender (male), subjective norms, and age (over 45 years). This analysis suggests that the intention to use EAP is more prevalent among males and those over 45 years. It also shows that attitudes significantly predict these intentions. This suggests that teachers who perceive exercise as a tool for improving physical fitness and enforcing adherence to rules in a physical education setting are more likely to have such intentions. In addition, respondents with higher social pressure in employing exercise as a disciplinary measure in PE classes showed greater intentions to use EAP. Conclusions. The intention to use EAP is more prevalent among male PE teachers, those who are older, and those with positive attitudes towards exercise. Additionally, teachers who feel more social pressure to use exercise as a disciplinary measure are also more likely to intend to use EAP. These findings can be used to inform the development of PE teacher training programs and policies that promote the use of positive reinforcement and other non-punitive methods of discipline in PE classes.

Introduction: Rhinoplasty is indicated for performing aesthetic repairs in the nose, being functional when it also seeks to improve respiratory function. Procedure results are based on improved quality of life and patient satisfaction. It is a complex surgery that requires adequate training. In this sense, several strategies were introduced, such as educational videos, simulations, studies on cadavers and in clinical skills laboratories; however, the basis of training remains the master-apprentice relationship in surgery. Methods: The base materials used in the construction of the model were: hot glue, basin, water, detergent, epoxy putty, spatulas for crafts, nose mold, suture threads, white acetic silicone, disposable cup and spoon and coloring agents. Results: The resulting low-cost model has remarkable similarity with the external appearance and with the cartilages of the nose, allowing easy identification and handling of each structure. Allows good simulation of some steps of the open and semi-open techniques of rhinoplasty. Conclusion: The new synthetic model developed avoids ethical and legal questions that alternative methods such as animals and fresh cadavers raise. Although it requires skill for its manufacture, it has characteristics such as low cost, which favor its dissemination among medical schools. The exposed model can positively impact the learning process of rhinoplasty, revealing itself as an accessible and helpful tool for training in various stages of the technique of this complex surgery.

This study examines the lack of comprehension among students regarding subject matter that is highly relevant to their daily lives, emphasising the importance of their understanding. The encounter with diverse situations outside the classroom is a common experience for students; however, the insufficient availability of learning tools, unappealing media, and inadequate utilisation of school facilities contribute to their limited understanding. To address this issue, learning films are proposed as an alternative media to enhance student engagement, serve as effective learning materials, and make use of school resources such as projectors. The aim of this research is to create and evaluate the effectiveness of instructional video media with a diversity theme in improving learning outcomes among class III elementary school students. The design and development (D&D) method, specifically the PPE development model, was utilised in this study, involving three stages: planning, development, and evaluation. The input of media experts, material experts, and learning experts was sought to assess the feasibility of the learning videos. The results indicated that the learning films received a feasibility rating of 95% in the "extremely feasible" category, affirming their suitability for educational settings. Experts predicted that the implementation of learning films could significantly enhance student learning outcomes. The methodology encompassed data collection through the D&D method, including planning and conducting evaluations by experts, as well as the subsequent analysis and interpretation of the results. Ultimately, this study aims to improve the actual learning outcomes of class III elementary school students through the utilisation of instructional video media with a diversity theme.

Sports are highly recommended in Islam, especially archery, horse riding, and swimming. All three contain aspects of health, skill, accuracy, sportsmanship, and competition. The main objective of this study is to conduct a systematic analysis of trending research literature, especially on the topic of sports in Islam, using bibliometric analysis. This study uses a bibliometric analysis approach with the help of the VOSViewer application. The search results show 393 sports studies in Islam published from 1928-2021 using the Scopus database. Based on VOSViewer mapping, the findings reveal that: the number of publications from 1928 to 2021 fluctuated; Of the 393 documents published, the United Kingdom published the most articles (146 documents); Tansin Benn (University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom) were the most influential authors contributing articles (17 documents) and was the most cited author (508 citations); the sources that published the most documents were the Journal of Sports Sciences (20 documents); the most influential documents (134 citations) was entitled “Young Muslim Women and Sport: The Impact of Identity Work” written by Kristin Walseth; keywords that often appear are “Islam, sport, gender, religion, Ramadan, Muslim, football, Muslim women, physical education, fasting”. For further researchers, they can see exciting topics to be researched.

Both the nature of the human-animal relationship (HAR) and housing conditions significantly impact the welfare of farmed animals. To evaluate the influence of HAR on the behaviour, emotions and stress of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in two distinct outdoor living environments, we allocated 144 young rabbits to four groups (CPX-H, CPX-N, SPL-H, SPL-N) differing in the living environments (CPX for complex, and SPL for simple). The treatment by human (H) involved daily provision of additional food resources and stroking (thoughtful farmer). It commenced at 49 days of age and lasted for 16 days. N groups did not receive the treatment (distant farmer). The rabbits were observed between 48 and 73 days of age. Their behavioural responses to human presence were evaluated at 48 and 68 days using Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) and scan sampling. A set of tests was conducted at 68 days of age to assess their reactions to a novel object and human presence. Stress levels were measured by analysing corticosterone concentrations in their hair. Rabbits in the SPL environment spent significantly more time near the novel object than those in the CPX environment (24.7 vs 17.2%). Additionally, rabbits in the H treatment group spent more time near the human than those in the N treatment group (28.2 vs 17.1%) and accepted more strokes (90.2 vs 45.9%). Following the HAR treatment, rabbits in the H group were significantly more likely to be described as ‘Affectionate/Interested’ than those in the N treatment. Rabbits in the N treatment were described as ‘Indifferent’ significantly more in the SPL environment. However, there were no significant differences in hair corticosterone concentrations between the groups. These findings indicate that rabbits’ responses are influenced by both their living environment and the quality of their relationship with humans. Encouraging positive interactions with animals may enhance their welfare and facilitate daily care from farmers.