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Background: Newcastle disease is very pathogenic in chicken, whereas in duck in some case does not show any clinical symptoms. Aims: To compare the clinical symptoms features, pathological lesions, viral distribution, and apoptosis response caused by the ND virus in domestic chicken and Alabio duck. Methods: Forty domestic chickens and 40 Alabio ducks were separated into 4 groups: domestic chicken and Alabio duck treatment groups, where each was infected by NDV velogenic Ducks/Aceh Besar_IND/2013/eoAC080721 in 106ELD50 dosage. The domestic chicken and Alabio duck control groups were each inoculated with Phosphate Buffer Saline. The infection route was intraorbital, 0.1 ml in volume. Symptoms were observed from day 1 until day 7 post-infection (PI). Necropsy was performed on day 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 PI for organ collection. Results: Symptoms observed were disorder in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems, followed by 100% mortality in domestic chickens. In Alabio ducks, there were only depression and slight lethargy. The lesion in domestic chicken day 1 appeared by the lungs, thymus, Fabricius bursa, spleen, and kidney. On day 3 PI, lesions were also found in the heart, proventriculus, duodenum, and cecal tonsil. Day 5 and day 7 PI, lesions were found in the trachea and brain. In Alabio ducks, on day 1 lesions were found in the lungs, thymus, spleen, and proventriculus. Afterward, on day 3, light lesions were found in the heart. On day 5, lesions were found in the trachea and brain; finally, on day 7, light lesions were only found in the thymus, spleen, and brain. Immunosuppressive reaction NDV in domestic chicken was highest in the proventriculus, duodenum, cecal tonsil, and lymphoreticular organs. In the Alabio duck, it was highest in the duodenum and cecal tonsil. The caspase-3 percentage in domestic chicken increased on day 3 PI; in Alabio ducks, on day 2 PI. Conclusion: Clinical symptoms and pathological lesions were found faster and more severe in domestic chickens. The immunopositive reaction NDV in domestic chicken continued to increase, while in Alabio ducks it decreased until the last observation day. Apoptosis percentage increased earlier in the Alabio duck than in domestic chicken. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(4.000): 433-442]

Abstract Some recent studies have suggested that the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) is associated with cancer development. However, some other studies suggest no such association. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of DPP4i on the risk of developing cancers. The electronic databases PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library and the clinical trial registry were searched for published and unpublished randomized clinical trials on humans. Eligible studies were RCTs conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, comparing DPP4i with a placebo or other active drugs. A total of 72 trials with 35,768 and 33,319 patients enrolled for DPP4i and the comparison drugs, respectively. Overall, no significant associations were detected between the use of DPP4i and cancer development, in comparison with the use of other active drugs or placebo. The results were consistent across pre-defined subgroups stratified by type of DPP4i, type of cancer, drug for comparison, trial duration, or baseline characteristics. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that patients with type 2 diabetes treated with DPP4i do not have a higher risk of developing cancers than patients treated with a placebo or other drugs.

The purpose of the policy is the establishment of new autonomous regions to facilitate the implementation of quality public services. The emergence of a new autonomous region is expected to improve the way local government more effective. This study reveals the impact of the establishment of few autonomous regions, South Minahasa regency on the quality of public services, particularly the population of administrative services. Implementations of the policy formation of autonomous regions have an impact on the quality of administrative service population. Some of the factors the lead to less than optimal public service facilities and infrastructure are less adequate human resources that have not worked in a professional, institutional aspects are still too weak aspects of the limited budget. On the community side, the lack of awareness of the importance of ID cards and the lack of public knowledge makes people participate less in performance improvement of administrative services population.

Background. Increased susceptibility of diabetic mellitus (DM) patients to infection, including tuberculosis (TB), is well documented. The prevalence of DM in Malaysia is reaching epidemic proportions. In this study, we sought to assess risk factors for TB and the impact of DM on the outcome of TB treatment. Methods. TB patients, diabetic patients, and diabetic patients with TB were divided into three groups of 200 subjects each. Data were obtained from patients’ medical files at the beginning and end of the study period. Prevalence rates of DM and HIV among TB patients were assessed. Prognosis, TB-related complications, anatomical site of infection, and duration of infection and diabetes were also examined. Results. The prevalence rates of HIV and DM amongst TB patients were 7.7 and 30%, respectively. The diabetic TB patient group contained more males (72%) and smokers (45.5%) compared to the nondiabetic group (58.3% and 33.5%, resp.). Approximately 74% of diabetic patients were Mycobacterium sputum positive compared to only 51% of nondiabetic patients. Diabetic patients were also more likely to develop pulmonary TB (87%) compared to nondiabetic TB patients (59%). Diabetic TB patients had a higher mortality rate (7.5%) compared to the TB only and DM only groups (1 and 2%, resp.). The duration of TB symptoms was longer in nondiabetic TB patients compared to diabetic TB patients (4.5 versus 2.6 months, resp.). Diabetes antedated TB by a mean time of 4 years. Conclusions. We found a higher number of sputum-smear-positive cases and pulmonary TB cases as well as a greater number of males and higher mortality rate in diabetic patients compared to nondiabetic patients.

Event planning, handled by the event planner, involves organizing and coordinating events. The growing number of event planning companies has created a competitive environment where all strive to be the top choice for event managers. Ranking event planners can be subjective, as it depends on specific event requirements. Therefore, it is a crucial stage in selecting the best event planner since many criteria need to be considered. This study aims to identify event planner contractors and rank the alternatives by applying Consistent Fuzzy Linguistic Preference Relations (CFLPR). CFLPR is chosen because it reduces the number of comparisons, streamlines the process, and prevents inconsistencies, especially with large amounts of data. As hierarchy levels increase, there are more comparisons to make, leading to inconsistent decisions. CFLPR is also used to address the event planner selection issue comprehensively, improving the consistency of Fuzzy AHP and handling fuzzy judgments. This method constructs matrices of fuzzy preference relations using linguistic variables. This study considered 10 criteria to rank 3 alternatives Through CFLPR execution, Persona Fiza Bridal emerges as the top choice, followed by Butik Pengantin Seriheza and Nwahyu Butik Pengantin & Kecantikan. These rankings are based on consistent fuzzy linguistic preference relations, with the highest value assigned the top ranking and the lowest the last. Persona Fiza Bridal is thus recommended as the ideal event planner for Rio Event Management.

Objective This study aimed to assess tobacco and vaping habits among university students, exploring awareness of university policies, attitudes, and behaviors related to smoking and vaping. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed among students from various universities, including institutions in Pakistan, covering demographics, smoking and vaping behaviors, awareness of policies, and beliefs. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Binomial tests, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results Out of the total 683 respondents, 65.02% were female, and 34.98% were male. Most participants were undergraduate students (71.31%), with Dentistry being the most represented field (50.36%). Most students perceived smoking or vaping as socially acceptable (58.3%) and were aware of university policies (59.3%). However, 46.6% were aware of cessation programs. Most of the students expressed concern about long-term vaping health risks (74.5%). Logistic regression identified gender (Male) and field of study (Dentistry) as significant predictors of policy awareness. Conclusion University students exhibit varied perceptions and behaviors related to smoking and vaping. The study highlights the importance of implementing effective policies and interventions to address tobacco and vaping use among them.