1. Socioeconomic variations determine the clinical presentation, aetiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis: a prospective cohort study from the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO (European Infective Endocarditis) registry
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Sengupta, S, Prendergast, B, Laroche, C, Furnaz, S, Ronderos, R, Almaghraby, A, Asch, F, Blechova, K, Zaky, H, Strahilevitz, J, Dworakowski, R, Miyasaka, Y, Sebag, I, Izumi, C, Axler, O, Jamiel, A, Philip, M, Vieira, M, Lancellotti, P, Habib, G, Gale, C, Beleslin, B, Budaj, A, Chioncel, O, Dagres, N, Danchin, N, Emberson, J, Erlinge, D, Glikson, M, Gray, A, Kayikcioglu, M, Maggioni, A, Nagy, V, Nedoshivin, A, Petronio, A, Roos-Hesselink, J, Wallentin, L, Zeymer, U, Cosyns, B, Donal, E, Erba, P, Iung, B, Popescu, B, Tornos, P, Andarala, M, Berle, C, Brunel-Lebecq, A, Fiorucci, E, Missiamenou, V, Taylor, C, Ali Tatar-Chentir, N, Al-Mallah, M, Astrom Aneq, M, Athanassopoulos, G, Badano, L, Benyoussef, S, Calderon Aranda, E, Cardim, N, Chan, K, Cruz, I, Edvardsen, T, Goliasch, G, Hagendorff, A, Hristova, K, Kamp, O, Kang, D, Kong, W, Matskeplishvili, S, Meshaal, M, Mirocevic, M, Neskovic, A, Pazdernik, M, Plonska-Gosciniak, E, Raissouni, M, Sade, L, Sadeghpour, A, Sambola, A, Separovic-Hanzevacki, J, Takeuchi, M, Tucay, E, Tude Rodrigues, A, Varga, A, Vaskelyte, J, Yamagata, K, Yiangou, K, Granada, I, Mahia, M, Ressi, S, Na-Cinovich, F, Iribarren, A, Fernandez Oses, P, Avegliano, G, Filipini, E, Obregon, R, Bangher, M, Dho, J, Cartasegna, L, Plastino, M, Novas, V, Shigel, C, Reyes, G, De Santos, M, Gastaldello, N, Granillo Fernandez, M, Potito, M, Streit-Enberger, G, Velazco, P, Casabe, J, Cortes, C, Guevara, E, Salmo, F, Seijo, M, Weidinger, F, Heger, M, Brooks, R, Stollberger, C, Ho, C, Perschy, L, Puskas, L, Binder, C, Rosenhek, R, Schneider, M, Winter, M, Hoffer, E, Melis-Sopoulou, M, Lecoq, E, Legrand, D, Jacquet, S, Massoz, M, Pierard, L, Marchetta, S, Dulgheru, R, D'Emal, C, Oury, C, Droog-Mans, S, Kerkhove, D, Plein, D, Soens, L, Weytjens, C, Motoc, A, Roosens, B, Lemoine, I, Rodrigus, I, Paelinck, B, Am-Sel, B, Unger, P, Konopnicki, D, Beauloye, C, Pasquet, A, Vanoverschelde, J, Pierard, S, Vancraeynest, D, Sinnaeve, F, Andrade, J, Staszko, K, Dos Santos Monteiro, R, Miglioranza, M, Shuha, D, Alcantara, M, Cravo, V, Fazzio, L, Felix, A, Iso, M, Musa, C, Siciliano, A, Villaca Filho, F, Rodrigues, A, Vilela, F, Braga, J, Silva, R, Rodrigues, D, Silva, L, Morhy, S, Fischer, C, Afonso, T, Abreu, J, Falcao, S, Moises, V, Gou-Vea, A, Mancuso, F, Souza, A, Silva, C, Joao, G, Abboud, C, Bellio de Mattos Barretto, R, Ramos, A, Arnoni, R, Assef, J, Della Togna, D, Le Bihan, D, Miglioli, L, Romero Oliveira, A, Tadeu Magro Kroll, R, Cortez, D, Gelape, C, Peirira Nunes, M, De Abreu Ferrari, T, Hay, K, Le, V, Page, M, Poulin, F, Sauve, C, Serri, K, Mercure, C, Beaudoin, J, Pibarot, P, Rudski, L, Ricafort, G, Barsic, B, Krajinovic, V, Vargovic, M, Lovric, D, Reskovic-Luksic, V, Vincelj, J, Jaksic Jurinjak, S, Yiannikourides, V, Ioannides, M, Pofaides, C, Masoura, V, Pudich, J, Linhart, A, Siranec, M, Marek, J, Kamenik, M, Pelouch, R, Coufal, Z, Mikulica, M, Griva, M, Jancova, E, Mikulcova, M, Taborsky, M, Precek, J, Jecmenova, M, Latal, J, Widimsky, J, Butta, T, Machacek, S, Vancata, R, Spinar, J, Holicka, M, Pow Chon Long, F, Anzules, N, Bajana Carpio, A, Largacha, G, Penaherrera, E, Moreira, D, Mahfouz, E, Elsafty, E, Soliman, A, Zayed, Y, Aboulenein, J, Abdel-Hay, M, Abdelnaby, M, Ahmed, M, Hammad, B, Saleh, Y, Zahran, H, El-Gebaly, O, Saad, A, Ali, M, Zeid, A, El Sharkawy, R, Al Kholy, A, Doss, R, Osama, D, Rizk, H, Elmogy, A, Mishriky, M, Assayag, P, El Hatimi, S, Hubert, S, Casalta, J, Gouriet, F, Arregle, F, Cammilleri, S, Tessonnier, L, Riberi, A, Botelho-Nevers, E, Gagneux-Brunon, A, Pierrard, R, Tulane, C, Campisi, S, Fuzellier, J, Detoc, M, Mehalla, T, Boutoille, D, Lecompte, A, Lefebvre, M, Pattier, S, Al Habash, O, Asseray-Madani, N, Biron, C, Brochard, J, Caillon, J, Cueff, C, Le Tourneau, T, Lecomte, R, Magali Michel, M, Orain, J, Delarue, S, Le Bras, M, Faucher, J, Aboyans, V, Bee-Harry, A, Durox, H, Lacoste, M, Magne, J, Mohty, D, David, A, Pradel, V, Sierra, V, Neykova, A, Bettayeb, B, Elkentaoui, S, 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P, Balan, G, Cardaniuc, I, Benesco, I, Marian, V, Sumarga, N, Bozovic, B, Bulatovic, N, Lakovic, P, Music, L, Budde, R, Waha-Dat, A, Gamela, T, Meijers, T, Van Melle, J, Deursen, V, Crijns, H, Bekkers, S, Cheriex, E, Gilbers, M, Kietselaer, B, Knackstedt, C, Lorusso, R, Schalla, S, Streukens, S, Chamuleau, S, Cramer, M, Teske, A, Van der Spoel, T, Wind, A, Lokhorst, J, Liesbek, O, Van Heusden, H, Tanis, W, Van der Bilt, I, Vriend, J, De Lange-Van Bruggen, H, Karijodikoro, E, Riezebos, R, van Dongen, E, Schoep, J, Stolk, V, Offstad, J, Beitnes, J, Helle-Valle, T, Skulstad, H, Skardal, R, Qamar, N, Ahmed, B, Butt, M, Khanzada, M, Saghir, T, Wahid, A, Hryniewiecki, T, Szymanski, P, Marzec, K, Misztal-Ogonowska, M, Kosmala, W, Przewlocka-Kosmala, M, Rojek, A, Woznicka, K, Zachwyc, J, Lisowska, A, Kamin-Ska, M, Kasprzak, J, Kowalczyk, E, Strzecka, D, Wejner-Mik, P, Trabulo, M, Freitas, P, Ranchordas, S, Rodrigues, G, Pinto, P, Queiros, C, Azevedo, J, Marques, L, Seabra, D, Branco, L, Cruz, M, Galrinho, A, Moreira, R, Rio, P, Timoteo, A, Selas, M, Carmelo, V, Duque Neves, B, Pereira, H, Guerra, A, Marques, A, Pintassilgo, I, Tomescu, M, Trofenciuc, N, Andor, M, Bordejevic, A, Branea, H, Caruntu, F, Velcean, L, Mavrea, A, Onel, M, Parvanescu, T, Pop, D, Pop-Moldovan, A, Puticiu, M, Cirin, L, Citu, I, Cotoraci, C, Darabantiu, D, Farcas, R, Marincu, I, Ionac, A, Cozma, D, Mornos, C, Goanta, F, Popescu, I, Beyer, R, Mada, R, Rancea, R, Tomoaia, R, Rosianu, H, Stanescu, C, Kobalava, Z, Karaulova, J, Ko-Tova, E, Milto, A, Pisaryuk, A, Povalyaev, N, Sorokina, M, Alrahimi, J, Elshiekh, A, Ahmed, A, Attia, N, Putnikovic, B, Dimic, A, Ivanovic, B, Matic, S, Trifunovic, D, Petrovic, J, Kosevic, D, Stojanovic, I, Petrovic, I, Dabic, P, Milojevic, P, Srdanovic, I, Susak, S, Velicki, L, Vulin, A, Kovacevic, M, Redzek, A, Stefanovic, M, Yeo, T, Poh, K, Vi-Lacosta, I, Ferrera, C, Olmos, C, Abd El-Nasser, M, Calvo Iglesias, F, Bianco-Gonzalez, E, Bravo Amaro, M, Lopez-Rodriguez, E, Lugo 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P., Prendergast B., Laroche C., Furnaz S., Ronderos R., Almaghraby A., Asch F. M., Blechova K., Zaky H., Strahilevitz J., Dworakowski R., Miyasaka Y., Sebag I., Izumi C., Axler O., Jamiel A., Philip M., Vieira M. L. C., Lancellotti P., Habib G., Gale C. P., Beleslin B., Budaj A., Chioncel O., Dagres N., Danchin N., Emberson J., Erlinge D., Glikson M., Gray A., Kayikcioglu M., Maggioni A. P., Nagy V. K., Nedoshivin A., Petronio A. -S., Roos-Hesselink J., Wallentin L., Zeymer U., Cosyns B., Donal E., Erba P., Iung B., Popescu B. A., Tornos P., Andarala M., Berle C., Brunel-Lebecq A., Fiorucci E., Missiamenou V., Taylor C., Ali Tatar-Chentir N. N., Al-Mallah M., Astrom Aneq M., Athanassopoulos G., Badano L. P., Benyoussef S., Calderon Aranda E., Cardim N. M., Chan K. -L., Cruz I., Edvardsen T., Goliasch G., Hagendorff A., Hristova K., Kamp O., Kang D. -H., Kong W., Matskeplishvili S., Meshaal M., Mirocevic M., Neskovic A. N., Pazdernik M., Plonska-Gosciniak E., Raissouni M., Sade L. E., Sadeghpour A., Sambola A., Separovic-Hanzevacki J., Takeuchi M., Tucay E., Tude Rodrigues A. C., Varga A., Vaskelyte J., Yamagata K., Yiangou K., Granada I., Mahia M., Ressi S., Na-Cinovich F., Iribarren A., Fernandez Oses P., Avegliano G., Filipini E., Obregon R., Bangher M., Dho J., Cartasegna L., Plastino M. L., Novas V., Shigel C., Reyes G., De Santos M., Gastaldello N., Granillo Fernandez M., Potito M., Streit-Enberger G., Velazco P., Casabe J. H., Cortes C., Guevara E., Salmo F., Seijo M., Weidinger F., Heger M., Brooks R., Stollberger C., Ho C. -Y., Perschy L., Puskas L., Binder C., Rosenhek R., Schneider M., Winter M. -P., Hoffer E., Melis-Sopoulou M., Lecoq E., Legrand D., Jacquet S., Massoz M., Pierard L., Marchetta S., Dulgheru R., D'Emal C., Oury C., Droog-Mans S., Kerkhove D., Plein D., Soens L., Weytjens C., Motoc A., Roosens B., Lemoine I., Rodrigus I., Paelinck B., Am-Sel B., Unger P., Konopnicki D., Beauloye C., Pasquet A., Vanoverschelde J. L., Pierard S., Vancraeynest D., Sinnaeve F., Andrade J. L., Staszko K., Dos Santos Monteiro R., Miglioranza M. H., Shuha D. L., Alcantara M., Cravo V., Fazzio L., Felix A., Iso M., Musa C., Siciliano A. P., Villaca Filho F., Rodrigues A., Vilela F., Braga J., Silva R., Rodrigues D., Silva L., Morhy S., Fischer C., Afonso T., Abreu J., Falcao S. N., Moises V. A., Gou-Vea A., Mancuso F. J., Souza A. C., Silva C. Y., Joao G., Abboud C. S., Bellio de Mattos Barretto R., Ramos A., Arnoni R., Assef J. E., Della Togna D. J., Le Bihan D., Miglioli L., Romero Oliveira A. P., Tadeu Magro Kroll R., Cortez D., Gelape C. L., Peirira Nunes M. D. C., De Abreu Ferrari T. C., Hay K., Le V., Page M., Poulin F., Sauve C., Serri K., Mercure C., Beaudoin J., Pibarot P., Rudski L. G., Ricafort G., Barsic B., Krajinovic V., Vargovic M., Lovric D., Reskovic-Luksic V., Vincelj J., Jaksic Jurinjak S., Yiannikourides V., Ioannides M., Pofaides C., Masoura V., Pudich J., Linhart A., Siranec M., Marek J., Kamenik M., Pelouch R., Coufal Z., Mikulica M., Griva M., Jancova E., Mikulcova M., Taborsky M., Precek J., Jecmenova M., Latal J., Widimsky J., Butta T., Machacek S., Vancata R., Spinar J., Holicka M., Pow Chon Long F., Anzules N., Bajana Carpio A., Largacha G., Penaherrera E., Moreira D., Mahfouz E., Elsafty E., Soliman A., Zayed Y., Aboulenein J., Abdel-Hay M., Abdelnaby M., Ahmed M., Hammad B., Saleh Y., Zahran H., El-Gebaly O., Saad A., Ali M., Zeid A., El Sharkawy R., Al Kholy A., Doss R., Osama D., Rizk H., Elmogy A., Mishriky M., Assayag P., El Hatimi S., Hubert S., Casalta J. -P., Gouriet F., Arregle F., Cammilleri S., Tessonnier L., Riberi A., Botelho-Nevers E., Gagneux-Brunon A., Pierrard R., Tulane C., Campisi S., Fuzellier J. -F., Detoc M., Mehalla T., Boutoille D., Lecompte A. S., Lefebvre M., Pattier S., Al Habash O., Asseray-Madani N., Biron C., Brochard J., Caillon J., Cueff C., Le Tourneau T., Lecomte R., Magali Michel M. M., Orain J., Delarue S., Le Bras M., Faucher J. -F., Aboyans V., Bee-Harry A., Durox H., Lacoste M., Magne J., Mohty D., David A., Pradel V., Sierra V., Neykova A., Bettayeb B., Elkentaoui S., Tzvetkov B., Landry G., Strady C., Ainine K., Baumard S., Brasselet C., Tassigny C., Valente-Pires V., Lefranc M., Hoen B., Lefevre B., Curlier E., Callier C., Fourcade N., Jobic Y., Ansard S., Le Berre R., Le Ven F., Pouliquen M. -C., Prat G., Le Roux P., Bouchart F., Savoure A., Alarcon C., Chapuzet C., Gueit I., Tribouilloy C., Bohbot Y., Peugnet F., Gun M., Duval X., Lescure X., Ilic-Habensus E., Sadoul N., Selton-Suty C., Alla F., Goehringer F., Huttin O., Chevalier E., Garcia R., Le Marcis V., Tattevin P., Flecher E., Revest M., Chirouze C., Bouiller K., Hustache-Mathieu L., Klopfenstein T., Moreau J., Fournier D., Brunel A. -S., Lim P., Oliver L., Ternacle J., Moussafeur A., Chavanet P., Piroth L., Salmon-Rousseau A., Buisson M., Mahy S., Martins C., Go-Hier S., Baumann F., Lebras S., Piper C., Guckel D., Borgermann J., Horstkotte D., Winkelmann E., Brockmeier B., Grey D., Nick-Enig G., Schueler R., Ozturk C., Stohr E., Hamm C., Walther T., Brandt R., Fruhauf A. -C., Hartung C. T., Hellner C., Wild C., Becker M., Hamada S., Kaestner W., Stangl K., Knebel F., Baldenhofer G., Brecht A., Dreger H., Isner C., Pfafflin F., Stegemann M., Zahn R., Fraiture B., Kilkowski C., Karcher A. -K., Klinger S., Tolksdorf H., Tousoulis D., Aggeli C., Sideris S., Venieri E., Sarri G., Tsiapras D., Armenis I., Koutsiari A., Floros G., Grassos C., Dragasis S., Rallidis L., Varlamos C., Michalis L., Naka K., Bechlioulis A., Kotsia A., Lakkas L., Pappas K., Papadopoulos C., Kiokas S., Lioni A., Misailidou S., Bar-Betseas J., Bonou M., Kapelios C., Tomprou I., Zerva K., Manolis A., Hamodraka E., Athanasiou D., Haralambidis G., Samaras H., Poulimenos L., Nagy A., Bartykowszki A., Gara E., Mungulmare K., Kasliwal R., Bansal M., Ranjan S., Bhan A., Kyavar M., Maleki M., Noohi Bezanjani F., Alizadehasl A., Boudagh S., Ghavidel A., Morad-Nejad P., Pasha H. R., Ghadrdoost B., Gilon D., Wanounou M., Israel S., d'Agostino C., Colonna P., De Michele L., Fumarola F., Stante M., Mar-Chionni N., Scheggi V., Alterini B., Del Pace S., Stefano P., Sparano C., Ruozi N., Tenaglia R., Muraru D., Limbruno U., Cresti A., Baratta P., Solari M., Giannattasio C., Moreo A., De Chiara B., Lopez Montero B., Musca F., Orcese C. A., Panzeri F., Spano F., Russo C. F., Alferi O., De Bonis M., Chiappetta S., Del Forno B., Ripa M., Scarpellini P., Tassan Din C., Castiglioni B., Pasci-Uta R., Carletti S., Ferrara D., Guffanti M., Iaci G., Lapenna E., Nisi T., Oltolini C., Busnardo E., Pajoro U., Agricola E., Meneghin R., Schiavi D., Piscione F., Citro R., Benvenga R. M., Greco L., Soriente L., Radano I., Prota C., Bellino M., Di Vece D., Santini F., Salsano A., Olivieri G. M., Turrini F., Messora R., Tondi S., Olaru A., Agnoletto V., Grassi L., Leonardi C., Sansoni S., Del Ponte S., Actis Dato G. M., De Martino A., Ohte N., Kikuchi S., Wakami K., Aonuma K., Seo Y., Ishizu T., Machino-Ohtsuka T., Yamamoto M., Iida N., Nakajima H., Nakagawa Y., Amano M., Miyake M., Takahashi K., Shiojima I., Maeba H., Suwa Y., Taniguchi N., Tsujimoto S., Kitai T., Ota M., Yuda S., Sasaki S., Hagiwara N., Yamazaki K., Ashihara K., Arai K., Saitou C., Saitou S., Suzuki G., Shibata Y., Watanabe N., Nishino S., Ashikaga K., Kuriyama N., Mahara K., Okubo T., Fujimaki H., Shi-Tan H., Yamamoto H., Abe K., Terada M., Takanashi S., Sata M., Yamada H., Kusunose K., Saijo Y., Seno H., Yuichiro O., Onishi T., Sera F., Nakatani S., Mizuno H., Sengoku K., Park S. W., Eun Kyoung K., Ga Yeon L., Hwang J. -W., Jin-Oh C., Park S. -J., Sang-Chol L., Sung-A C., Jang S. Y., Heo R., Lee S., Song J. -M., Jung E., Plisiene J., Dambrauskaite A., Gruodyte G., Jonkaitiene R., Mizariene V., Atkocaityte J., Zvirblyte R., Sow R., Codreanu A., Staub T., Michaux C., De la Vega E. C. L., Jacobs-Orazi L., Mallia Azzopardi C., Xuereb R. G., Pis-Copo T., Farrugia J., Fenech M., Pllaha E., Vella C., Borg D., Casha R., Grib L., Raevschi E., Gre-Jdieru A., Kravcenco D., Prisacari E., Samohvalov E., Samohvalov S., Sceglova N., Panfle E., Cardaniuc L., Corcea V., Feodorovici A., Gaina V., Girbu L., Jimbei P., Balan G., Cardaniuc I., Benesco I., Marian V., Sumarga N., Bozovic B., Bulatovic N., Lakovic P., Music L., Budde R., Waha-Dat A., Gamela T., Meijers T., Van Melle J. P., Deursen V. M., Crijns H. J., Bekkers S. C., Cheriex E. C., Gilbers M., Kietselaer B. L., Knackstedt C., Lorusso R., Schalla S., Streukens S. A., Chamuleau S., Cramer M. -J., Teske A., Van der Spoel T., Wind A., Lokhorst J., Liesbek O., Van Heusden H., Tanis W., Van der Bilt I., Vriend J., De Lange-Van Bruggen H., Karijodikoro E., Riezebos R., van Dongen E., Schoep J., Stolk V., Offstad J. T., Beitnes J. O., Helle-Valle T., Skulstad H., Skardal R., Qamar N., Ahmed B., Butt M. H., Khanzada M. F., Saghir T., Wahid A., Hryniewiecki T., Szymanski P., Marzec K., Misztal-Ogonowska M., Kosmala W., Przewlocka-Kosmala M., Rojek A., Woznicka K., Zachwyc J., Lisowska A., Kamin-Ska M., Kasprzak J. D., Kowalczyk E., Strzecka D. F., Wejner-Mik P., Trabulo M., Freitas P., Ranchordas S., Rodrigues G., Pinto P., Queiros C., Azevedo J., Marques L., Seabra D., Branco L., Cruz M., Galrinho A., Moreira R., Rio P., Timoteo A. T., Selas M., Carmelo V., Duque Neves B., Pereira H., Guerra A., Marques A., Pintassilgo I., Tomescu M. C., Trofenciuc N. -M., Andor M., Bordejevic A., Branea H. S., Caruntu F., Velcean L. A., Mavrea A., Onel M. F., Parvanescu T., Pop D., Pop-Moldovan A. L., Puticiu M. I., Cirin L., Citu I. M., Cotoraci C. A., Darabantiu D., Farcas R., Marincu I., Ionac A., Cozma D., Mornos C., Goanta F., Popescu I., Beyer R., Mada R., Rancea R., Tomoaia R., Rosianu H., Stanescu C., Kobalava Z., Karaulova J., Ko-Tova E., Milto A., Pisaryuk A., Povalyaev N., Sorokina M., Alrahimi J., Elshiekh A., Ahmed A., Attia N., Putnikovic B., Dimic A., Ivanovic B., Matic S., Trifunovic D., Petrovic J., Kosevic D., Stojanovic I., Petrovic I., Dabic P., Milojevic P., Srdanovic I., Susak S., Velicki L., Vulin A., Kovacevic M., Redzek A., Stefanovic M., Yeo T. C., Kong W. K. F., Poh K. K., Vi-Lacosta I., Ferrera C., Olmos C., Abd El-Nasser M., Calvo Iglesias F., Bianco-Gonzalez E., Bravo Amaro M., Lopez-Rodriguez E., Lugo Adan J., Germinas A. N., Pazos-Lopez P., Pereira Loureiro M., Perez M. T., Raposeiras-Roubin S., Rasheed Yas S., Suarez-Varela M. -M., Vasallo Vidal F., Garcia-Dorado D., Fernandez-Hidalgo N., Gonzalez-Alujas T., Lozano J., Maisterra O., Pizzi N., Rios R., Bayes-Genis A., Pedro Botet L., Vallejo N., Llibre C., Mateu L., Nunez R., Quesada D., Berastegui E., Bosch Portell D., Aboal Vinas J., Albert Bertran X., Brugada Tar-Radellas R., Loma-Osorio Ricon P., Tiron de Llano C., Arnau M. A., Bel A., Blanes M., Osa A., Anguita M., Carrasco F., Castillo J. C., Zamorano J. L., Moya Mur J. L., Alvaro M., Fernandez-Golfin C., Monteagudo J. M., Navas Elorza E., Farinas Alvarez M. C., Aguero Balbin J., Zarauza J., Gutierrez-Diez J. F., Arminanzas C., Arnaiz de las Revillas F., Arnaiz Garcia A., Cobo Belaustegui M., Fernandez Sampedro M., Gutierrez Cuadra M., Garcia Cuello L., Gonzalez Rico C., Rodriguez-Alvarez R., Goikoetxea J., Montejo M., Miro J. M., Almela M., Ambrosioni J., Moreno A., Quintana E., Sandoval E., Tellez A., Tolosana J. M., Vidal B., Falces C., Fuster D., Garcia-De-la-Maria C., Hernandez-Meneses M., Llopis J., Marco F., Ruiz-Zamora I., Bardaji Ruiz A., Sanz Girgas E., Garcia-Pardo G., Guillen Marzo M., Rodriguez Oviedo A., Villares Jimenez A., Abid L., Ham-Mami R., Kammoun S., Mourali M. S., Mghaieth Zghal F., Ben Hlima M., Boudiche S., Ouali S., Zakhama L., Antit S., Slama I., Gulel O., Sahin M., Karacaglar E., Kucukoglu S., Cetinarslan O., Sinan U. Y., Canpolat U., Mutlu B., Atas H., Dervishova R., Ileri C., Alhashmi J., Tahir J., Zarger P., Baslib F., Woldman S., Menezes L., Primus C., Uppal R., Bvekerwa I., Chandrasekaran B., Kopanska A., Chambers J., Hancock J., Klein J., Rajani R., Ursi M. P., Cannata S., Fife A., Breeze J., Browne-Morgan M., Gunning M., Streather S., Zemedkun M., Alyavi B., Uzokov J., Sengupta, S, Prendergast, B, Laroche, C, Furnaz, S, Ronderos, R, Almaghraby, A, Asch, F, Blechova, K, Zaky, H, Strahilevitz, J, Dworakowski, R, Miyasaka, Y, Sebag, I, Izumi, C, Axler, O, Jamiel, A, Philip, M, Vieira, M, Lancellotti, P, Habib, G, Gale, C, Beleslin, B, Budaj, A, Chioncel, O, Dagres, N, Danchin, N, Emberson, J, Erlinge, D, Glikson, M, Gray, A, Kayikcioglu, M, Maggioni, A, Nagy, V, Nedoshivin, A, Petronio, A, Roos-Hesselink, J, Wallentin, L, Zeymer, U, Cosyns, B, Donal, E, Erba, P, Iung, B, Popescu, B, Tornos, P, Andarala, M, Berle, C, Brunel-Lebecq, A, Fiorucci, E, Missiamenou, V, Taylor, C, Ali Tatar-Chentir, N, Al-Mallah, M, Astrom Aneq, M, Athanassopoulos, G, Badano, L, Benyoussef, S, Calderon Aranda, E, Cardim, N, Chan, K, Cruz, I, Edvardsen, T, Goliasch, G, Hagendorff, A, Hristova, K, Kamp, O, Kang, D, Kong, W, Matskeplishvili, S, Meshaal, M, Mirocevic, 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M., Vidal B., Falces C., Fuster D., Garcia-De-la-Maria C., Hernandez-Meneses M., Llopis J., Marco F., Ruiz-Zamora I., Bardaji Ruiz A., Sanz Girgas E., Garcia-Pardo G., Guillen Marzo M., Rodriguez Oviedo A., Villares Jimenez A., Abid L., Ham-Mami R., Kammoun S., Mourali M. S., Mghaieth Zghal F., Ben Hlima M., Boudiche S., Ouali S., Zakhama L., Antit S., Slama I., Gulel O., Sahin M., Karacaglar E., Kucukoglu S., Cetinarslan O., Sinan U. Y., Canpolat U., Mutlu B., Atas H., Dervishova R., Ileri C., Alhashmi J., Tahir J., Zarger P., Baslib F., Woldman S., Menezes L., Primus C., Uppal R., Bvekerwa I., Chandrasekaran B., Kopanska A., Chambers J., Hancock J., Klein J., Rajani R., Ursi M. P., Cannata S., Fife A., Breeze J., Browne-Morgan M., Gunning M., Streather S., Zemedkun M., Alyavi B., and Uzokov J.
- Abstract
Aims Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease associated with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. We sought to determine how socioeconomic factors might influence its epidemiology, clinical presentation, investigation and management, and outcome, in a large international multicentre registry. Methods and results The EurObservational Programme (EORP) of the European Society of Cardiology EURO-ENDO (European Infective Endocarditis) registry comprises a prospective cohort of 3113 adult patients admitted for IE in 156 hospitals in 40 countries between January 2016 and March 2018. Patients were separated in three groups, according to World Bank economic stratification [group 1: high income (75.6%); group 2: upper-middle income (15.4%); group 3: lower-middle income (9.1%)]. Group 3 patients were younger [median age (interquartile range, IQR): group 1, 66 (53-75) years; group 2, 57 (41-68) years; group 3, 33 (26-43) years; P < 0.001] with a higher frequency of smokers, intravenous drug use, and human immunodeficiency virus infection (all P < 0.001) and presented later [median (IQR) days since symptom onset: group 1, 12 (3-35); group 2, 19 (6-54); group 3, 31 (12-62); P < 0.001] with a higher likelihood of developing congestive heart failure (13.6%, 11.1%, and 22.6%, respectively; P < 0.001) and persistent fever (9.8%, 14.2%, and 27.9%, respectively; P < 0.001). Among 2157 (69.3%) patients with theoretical indication for cardiac surgery, surgery was performed less frequently in group 3 patients (75.5%, 76.8%, and 51.3%, respectively; P < 0.001), who also demonstrated the highest mortality (15.0%, 23.0%, and 23.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusion Socioeconomic factors influence the clinical profile of patients presenting with IE across the world. Despite younger age, patients from the poorest countries presented with more frequent complications and higher mortality associated with delayed diagnosis and lower use of surgery.
- Published
- 2023