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Limits for the use of thermal waters on the example of the conceptual model of the Benesov-Usti aquifer system of the Bohemian Cretaceous basin PhD thesis Résumé Josef V. DATEL, MSc. The very work was carried out in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, which forms the largest basin structure of Upper Cretaceous age in the territory of the Czech Republic and takes up a major part of northern and eastern Bohemia. A crucial impulse for the research was new exploratory work in approximately the last 10 years, whose intention was to intensify thermal water sources exploration. Several new boreholes and wells were drilled and these have brought to light information about the hydrogeological structure exploited. The groundwater system of the Benesov and Usti nad Labem area, taking up around 2000 square kilometers, is more or less a closed hydrogeological unit with a relatively easily definable boundary. Its groundwater occurs mainly in Cretaceous aquifers. In some parts it is necessary, though, to take into account the ground water in underlying and surrounding geological structures as part of the hydrological balance. The largest thermal water accumulation known so far in the Czech Republic with temperatures often exceeding 30 degrees centigrade and in some spots approaching 40 degrees centigrade can be found in the...

The study focuses on water flow in sandstones and sandy limestones of the so-called facies transition in the western part of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. The area between Turnov, Milovice, Úštěk and Doksy is a part of most important aquifer in the Czech Republic, in terms of water supply. However, there are considerable discrepancies in hydrogeological concepts regarding groundwater flow in this area. The prevailing opinion is that quartz sandstones form the main aquifer, although largest springs are partly located outside the area of their occurrence. The aim of the work is therefore to determine which rocks are the source of the large springs and where diffused seepage predominate. Furthermore, to characterize the possibility of rock karstification, to describe the character of the channels and the flow in them, and at the same time to compare it with the flow in the adjacent porous environment in selected areas. Thermometry (winter profiling of temperature and conductivity along watercourses) was carried out in order to distinguish areas with large springs, diffused seepage and stream segments without any drainage. The karst potential of rocks was determined using calcimetry and adopted leaching tests. To determine flow velocity in karst channels and to characterize the channels, a series of...

This bachelor thesis focuses in its review part on commonly exploited methods of discharge measurement (velocity-area methods, dilution method, volumetric method, formed constriction methods, slope-area method and rating curve). The principle of discharge measurement and calculation, advantages, disadvantages, and accuracies of individual methods, as well as the type of stream suitable for different method, are reviewed in theoretical part of the thesis based on available literature. In the practical part of the thesis, measurements with selected methods (current meter, FlowTracker, float method and dilution method) were made on 3 lower order streams equipped with Czech Hydrometeorological Institute gauging stations. Discharges collected with individual methods were compared with one another and with the discharges from the gauging stations. Resulted deviations of discharge values were confronted with the accuracies of individual methods presented in the review, and discussed. It was determined, based on 14 values of discharge, that on selected streams, the highest accuracies were reached with FlowTracker (relative deviation up to 12 %). Dilution method had lowest accuracies (relative deviation up to 25 %). The interpretation of the results is complicated due to low resolution of the gauging...

The aim of this thesis is to present a survey on the genesis and the occurrence of lithium in rock environment in the Czech Republic on the basis of Czech and foreign literature. The thesis delineates the most important localities with the occurrence of lithium compounds along with the current condition of these deposits. In the second part of the thesis, I composed similar research of all accessible studies dealing with the problematics of the presence of lithium in drinking water and its impact on the health of the population. At the end of the thesis, I created a proposal for water management monitoring. Its aim is to obtain the most accurate data of lithium levels in drinking water and of the amount in which it is consumed by the monitored subjects. The monitoring was designed so that the output data could be compared with medical records of the monitored population and the exact relationship between the concentration of lithium and its impact on human health could be determined.

The bachelor thesis characterizes the Vienna Basin region from a geological and hydrogeological perspective. The main focus is put on the occurrence of mineral water. It describes the basic types of waters that are located there. In a closer look, it describes important types of them, mainly those ones that have the largest occurrence in the region. In another aspect, it analyzes their current condition and use. It defines basic concepts of this issue and describes common or legislative requirements for the classification and description of mineral waters. It puts a closer look and describes main sites of mineral water springs, including local spa places, especially those ones that are currently active. It also briefly deals with localities, where mineral water abstraction or spa treatment took place in the past and which are currently no longer active. In the end, it describes these sites from a balneological point of view. Keywords Vienna basin, mineral waters, spa, balneology

The aim of the bachelor thesis is to characterize the natural groundwater resources in the crystallin massif, forming ¾ of the Czech Republic. In the form of research, it summarizes the knowledge of this issue regarding the nature-science and socio-economic context. The introduction of the thesis describes the specific environment of hard-rocks and the factors affecting the yield of sources. It focuses on the region of the Czech Republic. In the following part, the thesis describes the individual groundwater supply in the Czech Republic. Is summarizes the Czech legislation of this issue, the development of the individual water supply and also his negatives. The thesis then focuses on some of the examples of the exploitation of groundwater resources in India, which is one of the most active theoretical and practical innovators in the field of exploiting the region of hard rocks.

This bachelor thesis describes the area of the Cheb basin which is situated in the Western Bohemia, and shows the geological, tectonic, hydrogeological structure of this area. The main feature of the bachelor thesis is a CO2 emission in the Cheb basin, near the village Dolní Částkov but it also describes the occurrence of mineral waters in the vicinity of the chosen lokality. Furthermore, the bachelor thesis deals with the emanation of gases in groundwaters. The bachelor thesis describes the properties and occurrence of CO2. At the end of the bachelor thesis, there are results of my measurements in a regular network of points with a device Meopta DI-2 654-03, which serves for an air sampling and measures the concentration of CO2 expressed in percentages. Key words: carbon dioxide, the Cheb basin, geological conditions, mineral water

3 Abstract Providing drinking water to a large number of rural population, small water systems are the backbone of water supply in rural and remote areas. Therefore they constitute a significant part of public infrastructure. Facing various difficulties, small water systems operators often find it hard to reach and maintain high quality of drinking water comparable with quality achieved by large water suppliers. This thesis focuses on ensuring water quality from a hydrogeological point of view. In its theoretical part the thesis defines small water systems, summarizes legislation concerning small water systems operation, identifies main causes of unsatisfactory or unstable quality of provided water and discusses possible improvements. The empiric part of the thesis suggests particular steps how to ensure sustainable drinking water quality in specific location. The suggestions are based on archive data research, results of exploratory works and evaluation of hydrodynamic pumping and infiltration tests. The main contribution of the diploma thesis is a summary of the existing knowledge and summary of the possibilities of improving the current adverse situation in small water systems and their practical application in a specific location. Keywords Small water systems, drinking water quality, water supplies,...

This thesis addresses artificial replenishment of groundwater resources, commonly known as artificial recharge. The idea of artificial replenishment of groundwater lies in man-induced transfer of surface water to underground aquifers. The introduction highlights the reasons that led humans to artificially replenish groundwater. In addition, individual methods of surface, subsurface and induced infiltration are described. A special chapter was devoted to natural factors limiting the use of these methods. The thesis also includes studies of three concrete examples of projects of artificial recharge into groundwater by various techniques, each time with a different intention. Specifically, it describes resisting the intrusion of salt water into the Delta Llobregat aquifer in Spain, using the appropriate geological structure as a reservoir of potable water for the drought in South Florida, and the use of artificial infiltration basins and bank infiltration for water use in Káraný, Czech Republic.

Lipanský T. (2016): Dlouhodobý režim proudění podzemních vod v hlubokých pánevních kolektorech, na příkladu ovlivnění hydrogeologických poměrů české křídové pánve hornickou činností v okolí Stráže pod Ralskem. Doktorská disertační práce. - Univerzita Karlova v Praze Abstract: This thesis sumerises the development of groundwater regime in a multilayered water-bearing system of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin in maximal proposed extent of area where the groundwater regime had been affected by mining of radioactive materials near Strář pod Ralskem. The aim of the work was to describe the groundwater regime on the basis of measured monitoring data and map interpolations. The former Uranium mining from Cenomanian sandstone sediments represents the largest human impact on the natural groundwater flow of a multilayered water-bearing system within both the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and the Czech Republic. Newly created graphs and maps of piezometric surfaces bring an insight into the dynamics of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin water-bearing system and give an idea of long- term groundwater heads and flow directions development in the studied area. This was achieved despite the fact that this study does not present a hydraulic model, but an interpolation of monitoring data. Maps and grids of piezometric surfaces can be...

History, current status and effectiveness of the protection zone I B of natural healing resources in the spa place Karlovy Vary The first part of this bachelor thesis contains the general theoretical findings and explains the terms of this matter like the geological and hydrogeological situation in Western Bohemia Region. This piece of knowledge is essential in order to effectively determine the protective areas of natural healing springs in Karlovy Vary. The main part of the thesis looks into the protective area of I B degree, describes its history and surveys the current condition of this area of interest. The aim of the thesis is to summarize the gained knowledge of this matter, to suggest the supportive operations in order to maintain the good condition of the protective area of I B degree, and to assess the current situation including a view of the near future.

In the introducion of this seminar paper author deals with former natural conditions of Aral lake. It focuses on climatic conditions, morphology, hydrology and local land use situation.Because the region of Central Asia has been historically wedged between the three empires, it is also appropriate to describe closer the historical and political development of the region. The focus of the thesis is to analyze the causes of hydrological changes, when the desertification of Aral Lake has a catastrophic impact on the ecosystem and human society in the region. The return of Aral Lake to the situation sixty years ago is, unfortunately, unrealistic, but various remedial measures are being implemented to improve the situation as much as possible. The goal is to make the most of the situation. This is also done through various international projects. Therefore, the vision of the future development of the region around Aral Lake is outlined. There are also similar cases in the world, most notably the Dead Sea. The work concluded that at least some hope for recovery unfortunately only has the northern part of Aral's lake, while the southern part is probably lost forever.

In the introducion of this seminar paper author deals with former natural conditions of Aral lake. It focuses on climatic conditions, morphology, hydrology and local land use situation.Because the region of Central Asia has been historically wedged between the three empires, it is also appropriate to describe closer the historical and political development of the region. The focus of the thesis is to analyze the causes of hydrological changes, when the desertification of Aral Lake has a catastrophic impact on the ecosystem and human society in the region. The return of Aral Lake to the situation sixty years ago is, unfortunately, unrealistic, but various remedial measures are being implemented to improve the situation as much as possible. The goal is to make the most of the situation. This is also done through various international projects. Therefore, the vision of the future development of the region around Aral Lake is outlined. There are also similar cases in the world, most notably the Dead Sea. The work concluded that at least some hope for recovery unfortunately only has the northern part of Aral's lake, while the southern part is probably lost forever.

Main objective of the diploma thesis was to observe the concentrations of selected types of drugs in the environment around the area of the village Horní Beřkovice. This goal was achieved by monitoring of the drugs concentration in surface and ground waters at Horní Beřkovice site. Monitoring system allowed to detect the passage of pollution from the source of the contamination, through sewage treatment plant, the unsaturated zone and aquifer to a potential user of contaminated groundwater. The diploma thesis is based on the field data from TACR project. I have analyzed data from the six samplings at the area of the village Horní Beřkovice with regard to the observed drugs or their residues in surface and ground waters. I have compared the results with data from the sewage treatment plants in the river basin of Želivka. Keywords: ground water, surface water, sewage treatment plant, drugs, contamination

Kutná Hora and its outskirts is an area significant for polymetalic ore mining since the Middle Ages. The mining was conducted till 1990s with several interruptions thru history. The latest modern mining operation took place in Turaňk mine, which was reopened in 1950. The production was terminated in 1991 including the operational hutch water pumping. The mine was continuously flooded by groundwater affluents and precipitation water till 2001 and the hutch waters were distinctively enriched with mining elements and compounds of secondary minerals originating from oxidation in opened mine. In 2001 the hutch water overflowed to ancestral adit of 14 adjuncts causing an emergency situation. The hutch water was freely flowing thru the adit to Beránka stream which it contaminated. A hutch-water treatment plant was build consecutively in the area of former ore- preparing plant and pumping of hutch water commenced for the purpose of decreasing water level in Turkaňk hole followed by water decontamination. The plant is currently operational and optimized to maintain stable water level under the spillway to the adit of 14 adjuncts. The ore extraction took place in crystallinic massif of Kaňk hill, which northwest and southeast vicinity is settled with saturated cetraceous and quaternary sediments. These are...

The main goal of this thesis is to describe the techniques of disposal of old ecological burdens caused by oil and natural gas extraction in the Kvartér řeky Moravy water source protected area. The thesis is also focused on the history and amount of pollution, noting the most hazardous pollutants on site and their impact on the environment. The result of the thesis is a summary of disposal and sanitation techniques, sources of the pollution, and the history of oil drilling and extracting in the South Moravia Region. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The main objective of the thesis is to study artificial wastewater recharge in the area of Řevničov and reassessment of related problems such as groundwater chemical changes, colmatage, and unfavorable legislation in the Czech Republic. Individual chapters describe the experience with the above mentioned topic in the Czech Republic, but classifies it into the global context. The major part of the thesis focuses on the assessment of the qualitative and quantitative impacts of wastewater artificial recharge in the geological environment. These conclusions are drawn from monitoring changes of groundwater quality, which are controlled on the network of monitoring boreholes in the Řevničov experimental catchment. The natural attenuation of geological environment has considerable impact to final composition of contaminated water, which is compared to legal limits of underground and potable water in Czech Republic. In the research area several tracing tests were also applied, with the aim of proving the expected flow of wastewater into monitoring borehole. The obtained data specify the situation in the area of interest, or may serve as a source of information for future studies dealing with similar topics. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This work deals with the drilling technologies used in hydrogeology. The main aim of the work is to explore types of drilling technologies used at hydrogeological drilling wells and modern technologies that could potentially be used in the future. The work also summarizes a historical development of drilling techniques, a drilling process procedure, information obtained from boreholes and the most common types of drilling fluids.

Submitted Master's thesis aims at calculation, evaluation and interpretation of temperature and geothermic characteristics on the Bešeňová elevation hydrogeothermal structure located at the western margin of the Liptovská kotlina Basin. Following heads are dedicated to describe essential principles of geothermal energy use and utilization both, in worldwide and in Slovakia with subsequent detailed description of geology, tectonics, static geothermal parameters and hydrogeothermal systems of the basin. A crucial object of the thesis is to calculate, describe and interpret geothermal parameters of the system applying stationary approach all necessary and benefitial for onward on-situ geothermal infrastructure development or redesign. A complete work relates to a 3D model of deep vertical geological structure, where several zones are distinguished according to controlling geothermic and hydraulic properties they contribute on overall geothermal characteristics of a hydrogeothermal system: the Huty and Zuberec Fm., Borové Fm., the Choč Nappe Mid Triassic carbonates and the Krížna Nappe zones: Jurassic - Mid Cretaceous succession, Late Triassic siliciclastics, Mid Triassic carbonates and Early Triiassic siliciclastics. Confirm to previous works, a horizon of the Krížna Nappe Mid Triassic carbonates is...

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause a big safety risk and encumbrance for natural ecosystems and exposed human population because of their physical and chemical properties and the high - level toxicity. One of the important mechanisms of their transport is spreading by the rivers together with the surface water. The region of Ostrava with environs belongs to the most affected areas polluted by PAH's in Czech Republic. Despite of the decline of industry works and acceptance of more effective preventive measures and procedures of recovery, the concentrations of PAH's doesn't decrease in water in the region. It's particularly a consequence of long-term polluting of the water and atmosphere which caused the contamination of river sediments, especially near of ex-industry centers. These objects of contaminated sediments become a permanent resource of pollution for the whole area. The current source, which primary pollutes atmosphere, has a considerable part on the contamination on environment. The pollution by PAH's extensively restricts chance to use surface water and groundwater in many areas. That's the reason why it's necessary to make a steps for effective reducing pollution of surface catchment area by contaminants from old load and current sources to restrict their breakthrough into...

The presented work deals with the state of research of medicinal substances in water formations of Czech Republic and in smaller ammount it deals with this issue abroad. It provides an overview of the most frequently occurring medicinal substances and methods for their detection and also describes the possible sources of pollution and impact of these substances on the environment. Keywords: ground water, surface water, drugs, contamination

This bachelor thesis deals with the quaity of drinking water and protection of water resources. The work introduces the principles and state of water management in Czech republic. The following section provides specifics and problems of water abstraction and describes the main geological units in connection with qualifying and protecting of water resources. The thesis also focuses on the legal systém for the protection of water resources and quality requiremenst for drinking water. These general rules are applied to specific intakes. There are also mentioned the potential shortcomings and recommendations.

The Aquifer Thermal energy Storage (ATES) system is one of the most important techniques, that use the aquifer as an energy storage for heating and cooling the buildings. The operation of the ATES system is based on pumping the cold ground water into the buildings during the summer and then injecting the warmer water back into the aquifer. During the winter, the direction is reversed. Warm water is pumped to the buildings, where it serves for the heating system and then it is injected back into the aquifer. The ATES system has a main effect on the chemical composition of ground water, because of changes in the temperature of ground water, mixing of water from different redox zone and increasing of ground water flow in the neighbourhood of the wells of the ATES system. The modification in chemical composition and temperature could influence the behaviour of contaminants. If we want to install the ATES system into a contaminated aquifer, we have to know, if the ATES system would influence the behaviour of the contaminant plume positively or negatively. This study was made to increase the understanding of the dependence between changes of temperature and oxidation-reduction conditions in the ATES system and biodegradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. In the first part, several scenarios were modelled...

The aim of this work is the measurement of some selected soil parameters and hydraulic conductivity. By the evalution of these data is determined the resolution of selected soil properties on the base of these characteristics and also predisposition to surface runoff and erosion washes away during a certain rain intensity. This paper contain the comparison of the soil infiltration capacity at selected values of soil water saturation. From the rainfall data is determined the size, frequency, distribution and the process of rainfall events, especially the torrential ones. The conlusion contain the determinantion of rainfall intensity, which exceeded the infiltration capacity with selected values of soil water saturation. On the base of these determinations should be proved, that the study of soil infiltration require only the basic physical parameters, without requirement of soil type. So for the infiltration study are needed only the general soil layer information. Key words physical properties of soils, types of soils, hydraulic conductivity, infiltration capacity of soil, infiltration, torrential rainfall

This recherché summarizes findings about the quality of mineral water in spa Teplice. This study describes the consequences of lignite mining in the past and their influence on mineral springs. This study emphasises water outbreak in mines, which caused destruction of this mineral springs. Last part of this study is focused on today's situation of mineral springs in spa Teplice.

The bachelor thesis is built so that all chapters themselves freely followed up. The main pillar of work is first chapter, which deals generally with springs. Next follows typology of springs, which deals with different types of springs according to geology, temperature, and yield. The special part about artesian water follows. Next section deals with karst springs and thermal springs, where I present examples from the Czech Republic. The chapter of thermal springs includes also text about geysers. In the last part the thesis deals with the Mělník area and Mělnická Vrutice. The aim of this study was to document this issue, which appears in the literature. The main result of the thesis is gathering information that appear in the foreign literature only in parts, and almost never in the Czech books and papers.

The thesis deal with mineral water of Františkovy Spa region and NPR SOOS. Its aim is to provide information about the history of the explotation of mineral water in Františkovy Spa and its surroundings, in the locality of SOOS. It is divided into several chapters. The first chapter introduce Františkovy Spa and its geological and hydrogeological conditions. The history of exploitation of mineral water is also mentioned there. The next chapters are about mineral springs, their genesis and quality. The last chapter summarizes the protection of natural resources. It is focused on exceptional nature reserve SOOS and it refers to general information about the geological and hydrogeological position and ecosystems found there.

The aim of this thesis is to assess the crystalline rock environment with a focus on the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands in terms of groundwater reserves to supply the local population. The greatest importance has therefore chapter, which discusses the present use of groundwater resources and prospects for the coming years. For the correct answer to the question of perspektivity of groundwater sources are described geomorphological, hydrological and climatic conditions of the discuss area and also the geological and hydrogeological conditions. The thesis also contains a chapter about the searching for underground water, the principles of water conservation and describes modifiability of water. Assessment of suitability of water sources crystalline rocks of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, it is important for the economic functioning of the area, which is reflected in the economy of the entire country.

This thesis is a part of a project run by The Department of Geography, Faculty of Science in Charles University in Prague. This project deals with processes in floodplains of the Lužnice, the Stropnice and the Blanice rivers. The research in the floodplain of the Lužnice started in the year 2008 and is focused on the interaction between groundwater and surface water. The monitored territory it is situated to the south of a locality called Halámky and its area is 0,6 km2. In this thesis mainly the outputs of the research were elaborated. The highlighted points were the interpretation of the groundwater level behaviour, the groundwater streaming orientation in the area and interaction between groundwater and surface water. The outputs of this thesis can be used in the next stages of the project.

Presented bachelor thesis considers the importance of using renewable energy sources with a focus on geothermal energy. The main goal is to assess various possibilities of using geothermal energy around the world and particularly in the Slovak Republic. The thesis indicates a strong potential of this source, located especially in the east of the country in the Kosice basin. Certain parts of the thesis describe the different ways of use of the geothermal heat, geology of studied territory and the occurrence of thermal waters of the East region. The aim is to assess the geothermal potential of sites with suitable conditions for the use of thermal waters and analyze the state of utilization of geothermal energy in the Kosice basin for the supply of heat and electricity.

Persistent organic pollutants causes a big safety risc for natural ecosystems and exposed human population because of their physical and chemical properties and the high - leve toxicity. One of the important mechanisms of their transport is spreading by the rivers and all the surface waters. An easy sorption on the organic material permits just a slow mobility of contamination, which is limited by the volume of organic compound in soils and sediments. But the body of contaminated sediments can became a long - life pollution source for the surroundings. On the Jizera catchment area is an important water accumulation, which serves as the used or potentional water sources with the high quality, endangered by the POP's contamination . The most vulnerable water source is the catching object Káraný. The surface water catched by the waterworks on the lower part of the catchment area is with serious quantity polluted by the POP's, which are concentrated the rivers from all the country into the lower catchment. Because of the industry developement the content of the POP's in the catchment area's water doesn't decreace in spite of safety arrangements. So it is necessary make the steps to effective decreasing the dotation of area by the contaminants and to the restriction of their infiltration into the...

This thesis is literature search dealing with the nitrogen present in natural waters and its impact on aquatic ecosystems. Another described issue is the origin of nitrogen in natural waters, and possible ways of eliminating its concentration, including wastewater treatment. This work can be used for practical research as a literature review of the issue and ways of its solution.

This thesis summarizes the basic general knowledge of geology and geological evolution of western Bohemia. But above all, deals with the occurrence of thermal water, its origin and development. Describes in detail the local springs on the earth's surface, water yield and temperatures. More characteristic is given the hottest spring in the Czech Republic and that is the Vřídlo in Karlovy Vary. This thesis also deals with the energy potential thermal waters and their possible applications. The conclusion includes a total reflection on the issue thermal water and their use in the future.

Geothermal energy is a perspective renewable source of energy. Its usage is undergoing vast development, focused especially on geothermal heat pumps and Enhanced Geothermal Systems. Basic information on the sources of Earth's heat, geological conditions and other factors influencing how geothermal energy may be exploited and processed, is presented in this paper. Various scientific papers and information resources of relevant companies have been investigated in order to obtain data on the usage of geothermal energy, focusing mainly on different types of thermal environment. One of the chief aims of this work was to provide examples of significant geothermal fields worldwide (Italy, New Zealand, USA, Philippines, Iceland, France), including specific information on each of the sites. In addition, the possibility of the use of geothermal energy in the Czech Republic has been discussed, based on the current knowledge of heat-flow density throughout the territory of the Czech Republic. As for this country, district heating in Děčín and a geothermal project in Litoměřice have been mentioned as examples. Keywords: geothermal energy, geothermal power plant, geothermal field

The work summarizes the basic knowledge about mineral waters, explains the term mineral spring and describes its relationship to the groundwater. It also describes the issue of vulnerability of mineral springs and represents a method for assessing the vulnerability of groundwaters. It points to the importance of protecting this natural wealth before potential threat. Here play the role of both natural influences and in a much greater extent, primarily anthropogenic activity, which weighed natural healing waters, not only in the past but also currently. in connection with this problem is dealt with on protective measures in the form of legislation. The closing part deals with the protective measure under the applicable legislation.

Geysers are unique and precious phenomenon in our planet. Especially hot geysers are originated only in localities where there are harmony of conditions, which are essential for their development. The main conditions are source of water, source of heat and unique system of rifts. Rifts bring the water to the chamber and vent ejects hot water to the surface. Most of cold geysers are drilled holes. Their vicinity are dappered by human, and they often look like fountains. In the introduciton of this bachelor thesis groundwater and it's movements and properties are presented. Additionally the rock environment and mineral water are covered. Geysers, the main topic of this thesis, are described as a seperate chapter. Different chapters explain how geysers work and other processes that accompany them.

Jakost povrchových a podzemních vod v zemědělsky využívaných oblastech Quality of groundwater and surface water in areas used for agricultural purposes Magdalena Šímová Bakalářská práce Abstract This bachelor thesis deals with the quality of groundwater and surface water from areas that are agriculturally used. Acquaints with the sources of contamination from agriculture: manures and industrial fertilizers and pesticides. Nowadays many substances are used for agricultural production to ensure greater yields of quality crops. With a growing population is used more different types of fertilizer to improve the soil and stimulate plant growth. Pesticides are substances capable of guaranteeing high quality and sufficient quantity of the harvest. Although there are many negative features, their role in agricultural production is irreplaceable: it protects plants from various pests from the plant and animal kingdom. In the thesis I deal with the composition, characteristics and applications of these substances. I also summarize the various elements and compounds contained in them, which are the most common environmental pollution: nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, heavy metals and pesticides. Explains the possibility of the spread of these contaminants in the soil and aquatic environments and ongoing reactions....

This thesis deals with groundwater and aquatic ecosystems protected and the water bound in the CHKO Krivoklatsko. Its aim is to inform about the situation of groundwater and ecosystems Krivoklatsko water and water related. And next about their threat. It is divided into several chapters. The first chapter gives a general introduction to what is an ecosystem and how to share water and land ecosystems. There is also the man mentioned the threats and climate change. The next chapters are about the site as a whole. It focuses on geological, geomorphological, hydrological, hydrogeological conditions and the ecosystem relationships throughout the region. It is focused on one small but very unique reservation, "U Eremita", which refers to things and apart from the general stratigraphy of this reservation and its threats. A final chapter summarizes threats to the CHKO Krivoklatsko.

The problem is the contamination of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) in groundwater in the area of former asphalt bituminous rubble company Construction of roads and railways in Rožmitál pod Třemšínem. Corrective measures against the spread of PCBs were made in this location. Currently the monitoring and verifying of the effectiveness of methods of using nanoiron is being implemented in this locality, i.e. its effect on the destruction of PCBs (residual contamination from outside sealed area). The thesis describes PCBs as a dangerous substance in the natural environment, nanotechnology - nanoiron, and primarily about the usage of nanoiron to dechlorination polychlorinated biphenyls. The thesis summarizes all information found on this problem. The main task was to monitor, to process and to evaluate of the in-situ pilot test, which was done on site July 14, 2010, including a complex evaluation of the tracer test and long-term monitor of the effectiveness of injected nanoiron. It was also carried out a complex evaluate the results of all previously made pilot tests in-situ decontamination of chemical reduction with elemental iron nanoparticles (2007 - 2009) on the locality in the Rožmitál pod Třemšínem. In conclusion there is a complex evaluation of all phases of the project and recommendations.

The main objective of diploma thesis is to evaluate the impact of the geological structure on the hydrogeological conditions in the northeastern part of Stráž block. The study area in northern Bohemia is characterised by Cenomanian and Turonian sandstone aquifers, which are horizontally divided by Lower Turonian aquitard. The thesis focuses groundwater level analysis and study hydrogeological impacts of faults, neovolcanic veins and disturbances of rock environment caused by uranium mining. First part of the study presents description of general geological and hydrogeological conditions in the area with summary of previous investigations and reports. Various hydraulic interventions during mining, which have great impact on the groundwater level situation are described. Based on the data from collected boreholes, contour maps of groundwater level are prepared to study its shape and temporal changes. Hydraulic communication through aquitard and through Stráž fault zone have been examined by correlations of groundwater levels. The results of the study confirm sealing effect of Stráž fault zone in the examined section. Barrier effect of the neovolcanic veins has been confirmed on several locations and examples of increased hydraulic conductivity as the result of fault disturbances have been located....

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Ochrana životního prostředí Mgr. Ivana Halamová Sanace skládky Písečná Remediation landfill Písečná Rigorózní práce ABSTRACT Praha, 2011 ABSTRACT Waste landfilling on unsecured landfills caused huge pollution of soil and groundwater on many places in the Czech Republic. The landfill Písečná is one of examples of a negative impact and environmental hazard caused by improper hazardous waste management. The majority of waste was formed by galvanic sludges and degreasing agents. The landfill is located in the area of a former quarry. Hazardous waste landfilling without any technical measure to prevent toxic compounds leakage to groundwater started in late 70ies of the 20. century. Several surveys carried out in the 90ies of the 20. century confirmed the assumption that the site represents a significant risk to the water source Letohradsko. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the progress and results of remedial methods, particularly in relation to the quality of groundwater in the immediate vicinity of the landfill, which is exploited by distant water sources of drinking water. In the first phase of remediation work a thorough excavation of deposited wastes was carried out, which has significant practical and immediate positive impact on...