32 results on '"Dass, C. R."'
Search Results
2. Recent developments in liposomes, microparticles and nanoparticles for protein and peptide drug delivery
- Author
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Tan, Mei Lin, Choong, P. F.M., and Dass, C. R.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. TUMOUR SIZE AND INVASIVE CAPACITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RECK EXPRESSION IN SARCOMAS OF BONE: TU8
- Author
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Clark, Jonathan, Dass, C. R., and Choong, P. F.M.
- Published
- 2010
4. INVOLVEMENT OF C-JUN IN HUMAN LIPOSARCOMA PROGRESSION IN A NEW ORTHOTOPIC DISEASE MODEL: TU4
- Author
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Dass, C. R., Clark, Jonathan, Galloway, S. J., Khachigian, L. M., and Choong, P. F. M.
- Published
- 2010
5. RECK MODULATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO MAY EXPLAIN OBSERVATIONS IN SARCOMA ANGIOGENESIS: TU5
- Author
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Clark, J. C.M., Dass, C. R., and Choong, P. F.M.
- Published
- 2010
6. Development of chondrosarcoma animal models for assessment of adjuvant therapy
- Author
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Clark, J. C. M., Dass, C. R., and Choong, P. F. M.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356
- Author
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Klionsky, D. J., Abdelmohsen, K., Abe, A., Abedin, M. J., Abeliovich, H., Arozena, A. A., Adachi, H., Adams, C. M., Adams, P. D., Adeli, K., Adhihetty, P. J., Adler, S. G., Agam, G., Agarwal, R., Aghi, M. K., Agnello, M., Agostinis, P., Aguilar, P. V., Aguirre-Ghiso, J., Airoldi, E. M., Ait-Si-Ali, S., Akematsu, T., Akporiaye, E. T., Al-Rubeai, M., Albaiceta, G. M., Albanese, C., Albani, D., Albert, M. L., Aldudo, J., Algül, H., Alirezaei, M., Alloza, I., Almasan, A., Almonte-Beceril, M., Alnemri, E. S., Alonso, C., Altan-Bonnet, N., Altieri, D. C., Alvarez, S., Alvarez-Erviti, L., Alves, S., Amadoro, G., Amano, A., Amantini, C., Ambrosio, S., Amelio, I., Amer, A. O., Amessou, M., Amon, A., An, Z., Anania, F. A., Andersen, S. U., Andley, U. P., Andreadi, C. K., Andrieu-Abadie, N., Anel, A., Ann, D. K., Anoopkumar-Dukie, S., Antonioli, M., Aoki, H., Apostolova, N., Aquila, S., Aquilano, K., Araki, K., Arama, E., Aranda, A., Araya, J., Arcaro, A., Arias, E., Arimoto, H., Ariosa, A. R., Armstrong, J. L., Arnould, T., Arsov, I., Asanuma, K., Askanas, V., Asselin, E., Atarashi, R., Atherton, S. S., Atkin, J. D., Attardi, L. D., Auberger, P., Auburger, G., Aurelian, L., Autelli, R., Avagliano, L., Avantaggiati, M. L., Avrahami, L., Azad, N., Awale, S., Bachetti, T., Backer, J. M., Bae, D. -H., Bae, J. -S., Bae, O. -N., Bae, S. H., Baehrecke, E. H., Baek, S. -H., Baghdiguian, S., Bagniewska-Zadworna, A., Bai, H., Bai, J., Bai, X. -Y., Bailly, Y., Balaji, K. N., Balduini, W., Ballabio, A., Balzan, R., Banerjee, R., Bánhegyi, G., Bao, H., Barbeau, B., Barrachina, M. D., Barreiro, E., Bartel, B., Bartolomé, A., Bassham, D. C., Bassi, M. T., Bast, R. C., J, R., Basu, A., Batista, M. T., Batoko, H., Battino, M., Bauckman, K., Baumgarner, B. L., Bayer, K. U., Beale, R., Beaulieu, J. -F., Beck, G. R., Becker, C., Beckham, J. D., Bédard, P. -A., Bednarski, P. J., Begley, T. J., Behl, C., Behrends, C., Behrens, G. M. N., Behrns, K. E., Bejarano, E., Belaid, A., Belleudi, F., Bénard, G., Berchem, G., Bergamaschi, D., Bergami, M., Berkhout, B., Berliocchi, L., Bernard, A., Bernard, M., Bernassola, F., Bertolotti, A., Bess, A. S., Besteiro, S., Bettuzzi, S., Bhalla, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Bhutia, S. K., Biagosch, C., Bianchi, M. W., Biard-Piechaczyk, M., Billes, V., Bincoletto, C., Bingol, B., Bird, S. W., Bitoun, M., Bjedov, I., Blackstone, C., Blanc, L., Blanco, G. A., Blomhoff, H. K., Boada-Romero, E., Böckler, S., Boes, M., Boesze-Battaglia, K., Boise, L. H., Bolino, A., Boman, A., Bonaldo, P., Bordi, M., Bosch, J., Botana, L. M., Botti, J., Bou, G., Bouché, M., Bouchecareilh, M., Boucher, M. -J., Boulton, M. E., Bouret, S. G., Boya, P., Boyer-Guittaut, M., Bozhkov, P. V., Brady, N., Braga, V. M. M., Brancolini, C., Braus, G. H., Bravo-San-Pedro, J. M., Brennan, L. A., Bresnick, E. H., Brest, P., Bridges, D., Bringer, M. -A., Brini, M., Brito, G. C., Brodin, B., Brookes, P. S., Brown, E. J., Brown, K., Broxmeyer, H. E., Bruhat, A., Brum, P. C., Brumell, J. H., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Bryson-Richardson, R. J., Buch, S., Buchan, A. M., Budak, H., Bulavin, D. V., Bultman, S. J., Bultynck, G., Bumbasirevic, V., Burelle, Y., Burke, R. E., Burmeister, M., Bütikofer, P., Caberlotto, L., Cadwell, K., Cahova, M., Cai, D., Cai, J., Cai, Q., Calatayud, S., Camougrand, N., Campanella, M., Campbell, G. R., Campbell, M., Campello, S., Candau, R., Caniggia, I., Cantoni, L., Cao, L., Caplan, A. B., Caraglia, M., Cardinali, C., Cardoso, S. M., Carew, J. S., Carleton, L. A., Carlin, C. R., Carloni, S., Carlsson, S. R., Carmona-Gutierrez, D., Carneiro, L. A. M., Carnevali, O., Carra, S., Carrier, A., Carroll, B., Casas, C., Casas, J., Cassinelli, G., Castets, P., Castro-Obregon, S., Cavallini, G., Ceccherini, I., Cecconi, F., Cederbaum, A. I., Ceña, V., Cenci, S., Cerella, C., Cervia, D., Cetrullo, S., Chaachouay, H., Chae, H. -J., Chagin, A. S., Chai, C. -Y., Chakrabarti, G., Chamilos, G., Chan, E. Y. W., Chan, M. T. V., Chandra, D., Chandra, P., Chang, C. -P., Chang, R. C. -C., Chang, T. Y., Chatham, J. C., Chatterjee, S., Chauhan, S., Che, Y., Cheetham, M. E., Cheluvappa, R., Chen, C. -J., Chen, G., Chen, G. -C., Chen, H., Chen, J. W., Chen, J. -K., Chen, M., Chen, P., Chen, Q., Chen, S. -D., Chen, S., Chen, S. S. -L., Chen, W., Chen, W. -J., Chen, W. Q., Chen, X., Chen, Y. -H., Chen, Y. -G., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -J., Chen, Y. -Q., Chen, Z., Cheng, A., Cheng, C. H. K., Cheng, H., Cheong, H., Cherry, S., Chesney, J., Cheung, C. H. A., Chevet, E., Chi, H. C., Chi, S. -G., Chiacchiera, F., Chiang, H. -L., Chiarelli, R., Chiariello, M., Chieppa, M., Chin, L. -S., Chiong, M., Chiu, G. N. C., Cho, D. -H., Cho, S. -G., Cho, W. C., Cho, Y. -Y., Cho, Y. -S., Choi, A. M. K., Choi, E. -J., Choi, E. -K., Choi, J., Choi, M. E., Choi, S. -I., Chou, T. -F., Chouaib, S., Choubey, D., Choubey, V., Chow, K. -C., Chowdhury, K., Chu, C. T., Chuang, T. -H., Chun, T., Chung, H., Chung, T., Chung, Y. -L., Chwae, Y. -J., Cianfanelli, V., Ciarcia, R., Ciechomska, I. A., Ciriolo, M. R., Cirone, M., Claerhout, S., Clague, M. J., Cl� ria, J., Clarke, P. G. H., Clarke, R., Clementi, E., Cleyrat, C., Cnop, M., Coccia, E. M., Cocco, T., Codogno, P., Coers, J., Cohen, E. E. W., Colecchia, D., Coletto, L., Coll, N. S., Colucci-Guyon, E., Comincini, S., Condello, M., Cook, K. L., Coombs, G. H., Cooper, C. D., Cooper, J. M., Coppens, I., Corasaniti, M. T., Corazzari, M., Corbalan, R., Corcelle-Termeau, E., Cordero, M. D., Corral-Ramos, C., Corti, O., Cossarizza, A., Costelli, P., Costes, S., Cotman, S. L., Coto-Montes, A., Cottet, S., Couve, E., Covey, L. R., Cowart, L. A., Cox, J. S., Coxon, F. P., Coyne, C. B., Cragg, M. S., Craven, R. J., Crepaldi, T., Crespo, J. L., Criollo, A., Crippa, V., Cruz, M. T., Cuervo, A. M., Cuezva, J. M., Cui, T., Cutillas, P. R., Czaja, M. J., Czyzyk-Krzeska, M. F., Dagda, R. K., Dahmen, U., Dai, C., Dai, W., Dai, Y., Dalby, K. N., Valle, L. D., Dalmasso, G., D'Amelio, M., Damme, M., Darfeuille-Michaud, A., Dargemont, C., Darley-Usmar, V. M., Dasarathy, S., Dasgupta, B., Dash, S., Dass, C. R., Davey, H. M., Davids, L. M., Dávila, D., Davis, R. J., Dawson, T. M., Dawson, V. L., Daza, P., de Belleroche, J., de Figueiredo, P., de Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q., de la Fuente, J., De Martino, L., De Matteis, A., De Meyer, G. R. Y., De Milito, A., De Santi, M., de Souza, W., De Tata, V., De Zio, D., Debnath, J., Dechant, R., Decuypere, J. -P., Deegan, S., Dehay, B., Del Bello, B., Del Re, D. P., Delage-Mourroux, R., Delbridge, L. M. D., Deldicque, L., Delorme-Axford, E., Deng, Y., Dengjel, J., Denizot, M., Dent, P., Der, C. J., Deretic, V., Derrien, B., Deutsch, E., Devarenne, T. P., Devenish, R. J., Di Bartolomeo, S., Di Daniele, N., Di Domenico, F., Di Nardo, A., Di Paola, S., Di Pietro, A., Di Renzo, L., Di Antonio, A., Díaz-Araya, G., Díaz-Laviada, I., Diaz-Meco, M. T., Diaz-Nido, J., Dickey, C. A., Dickson, R. C., Diederich, M., Digard, P., Dikic, I., Dinesh-Kumar, S. P., Ding, C., Ding, W. -X., Ding, Z., Dini, L., Distler, J. H. W., Diwan, A., Djavaheri-Mergny, M., Dmytruk, K., Dobson, R. C. J., Doetsch, V., Dokladny, K., Dokudovskaya, S., Donadelli, M., Dong, X. C., Dong, X., Dong, Z., Donohue, T. M., Donohue-Jr, T. M., Doran, K. S., D'Orazi, G., Dorn, G. W., Dosenko, V., Dridi, S., Drucker, L., Du, J., L. -L., Du, Du, L., du Toit, A., Dua, P., Duan, L., Duann, P., Dubey, V. K., Duchen, M. R., Duchosal, M. A., Duez, H., Dugail, I., Dumit, V. I., Duncan, M. C., Dunlop, E. A., Dunn, W. A., Dupont, N., Dupuis, L., Durán, R. V., Durcan, T. M., Duvezin-Caubet, S., Duvvuri, U., Eapen, V., Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D., Echard, A., Eckhart, L., Edelstein, C. L., Edinger, A. L., Eichinger, L., Eisenberg, T., Eisenberg-Lerner, A., Eissa, N. T., El-Deiry, W. S., El-Khoury, V., Elazar, Z., Eldar-Finkelman, H., Elliott, C. J. H., Emanuele, E., Emmenegger, U., Engedal, N., Engelbrecht, A. -M., Engelender, S., Enserink, J. M., Erdmann, R., Erenpreisa, J., Eri, R., Eriksen, J. L., Erman, A., Escalante, R., Eskelinen, E. -L., Espert, L., Esteban-Martínez, L., Evans, T. J., Fabri, M., Fabrias, G., Fabrizi, C., Facchiano, A., Færgeman, N. J., Faggioni, A., Fairlie, W. D., Fan, C., Fan, D., Fan, J., Fang, S., Fanto, M., Fanzani, A., Farkas, T., Faure, M., Favier, F. B., Fearnhead, H., Federici, M., Fei, E., Felizardo, T. C., Feng, H., Feng, Y., Ferguson, T. A., Fernández, Á. F., Fernandez-Barrena, M. G., Fernandez-Checa, J. C., Fernández-López, A., Fernandez-Zapico, M. E., Feron, O., Ferraro, E., Ferreira-Halder, C. V., Fesus, L., Feuer, R., Fiesel, F. C., Filippi-Chiela, E. C., Filomeni, G., Fimia, G. M., Fingert, J. H., Finkbeiner, S., Finkel, T., Fiorito, F., Fisher, P. B., Flajolet, M., Flamigni, F., Florey, O., Florio, S., Floto, R. A., Folini, M., Follo, C., Fon, E. A., Fornai, F., Fortunato, F., Fraldi, A., Franco, R., Francois, A., François, A., Frankel, L. B., Fraser, I. D. C., Frey, N., Freyssenet, D. G., Frezza, C., Friedman, S. L., Frigo, D. E., Fu, D., Fuentes, J. M., Fueyo, J., Fujitani, Y., Fujiwara, Y., Fujiya, M., Fukuda, M., Fulda, S., Fusco, C., Gabryel, B., Gaestel, M., Gailly, P., Gajewska, M., Galadari, S., Galili, G., Galindo, I., Galindo, M. F., Galliciotti, G., Galluzzi, L., Galy, V., Gammoh, N., Gandy, S., Ganesan, A. K., Ganesan, S., Ganley, I. G., Gannagé, M., Gao, F. -B., Gao, F., Gao, J. -X., Nannig, L. G., Véscovi, E. G., Garcia-Macía, M., Garcia-Ruiz, C., Garg, A. D., Garg, P. K., Gargini, R., Gassen, N. C., Gatica, D., Gatti, E., Gavard, J., Gavathiotis, E., Ge, L., Ge, P., Ge, S., Gean, P. -W., Gelmetti, V., Genazzani, A. A., Geng, J., Genschik, P., Gerner, L., Gestwicki, J. E., Gewirtz, D. A., Ghavami, S., Ghigo, E., Ghosh, D., Giammarioli, A. M., Giampieri, F., Giampietri, C., Giatromanolaki, A., Gibbings, D. J., Gibellini, L., Gibson, S. B., Ginet, V., Giordano, A., Giorgini, F., Giovannetti, E., Girardin, S. E., Gispert, S., Giuliano, S., Gladson, C. L., Glavic, A., Gleave, M., Godefroy, N., Gogal, R. M., Gokulan, K., Goldman, G. H., Goletti, D., Goligorsky, M. S., Gomes, A. V., Gomes, L. C., Gomez, H., Gomez-Manzano, C., Gómez-Sánchez, R., Gonçalves, D. A. P., Goncu, E., Gong, Q., Gongora, C., Gonzalez, C. B., Gonzalez-Alegre, P., Gonzalez-Cabo, P., González-Polo, R. A., Goping, I. S., Gorbea, C., Gorbunov, N. V., Goring, D. R., Gorman, A. M., Gorski, S. M., Goruppi, S., Goto-Yamada, S., Gotor, C., Gottlieb, R. A., Gozes, I., Gozuacik, D., Graba, Y., Graef, M., Granato, G. E., Grant, G. D., Grant, S., Gravina, G. L., Green, D. R., Greenhough, A., Greenwood, M. T., Grimaldi, B., Gros, F., Grose, C., Groulx, J. -F., Gruber, F., Grumati, P., Grune, T., Guan, J. -L., Guan, K. -L., Guerra, B., Guillen, C., Gulshan, K., Gunst, J., Guo, C., Guo, L., Guo, M., Guo, W., Guo, X. -G., Gust, A. A., Gustafsson, Å. B., Gutierrez, E., Gutierrez, M. G., Gwak, H. -S., Haas, A., Haber, J. E., Hadano, S., Hagedorn, M., Hahn, D. R., Halayko, A. J., Hamacher-Brady, A., Hamada, K., Hamai, A., Hamann, A., Hamasaki, M., Hamer, I., Hamid, Q., Hammond, E. M., Han, F., Han, W., Handa, J. T., Hanover, J. A., Hansen, M., Harada, M., Harhaji-Trajkovic, L., Harper, J. W., Harrath, A. H., Harris, A. L., Harris, J., Hasler, U., Hasselblatt, P., Hasui, K., Hawley, R. G., Hawley, T. S., He, C., C. Y., He, He, F., He, G., R. -R., He, X. -H., He, Y. -W., He, Y. -Y., He, Heath, J. K., Hébert, M. -J., Heinzen, R. A., Helgason, G. V., Hensel, M., Henske, E. P., Her, C., Herman, P. K., Hernández, A., Hernandez, C., Hernández-Tiedra, S., Hetz, C., Hiesinger, P. R., Higaki, K., Hilfiker, S., Hill, B. G., Hill, J. A., Hill, W. D., Hino, K., Hofius, D., Hofman, P., Höglinger, G. U., Höhfeld, J., Holz, M. K., Hong, Y., Hood, D. A., Hoozemans, J. J. M., Hoppe, T., Hsu, C., Hsu, C. -Y., Hsu, L. -C., Hu, D., Hu, G., H. -M., Hu, Hu, H., M. C., Hu, Y. -C., Hu, Z. -W., Hu, Hua, F., Hua, Y., Huang, C., Huang, H. -L., Huang, K. -H., Huang, K. -Y., Huang, S., Huang, W. -P., Huang, Y. -R., Huang, Y., Huber, T. B., Huebbe, P., Huh, W. -K., Hulmi, J. J., Hur, G. M., Hurley, J. H., Husak, Z., Hussain, S. N. A., Hussain, S., Hwang, J. J., Hwang, S., Hwang, T. I. S., Ichihara, A., Imai, Y., Imbriano, C., Inomata, M., Into, T., Iovane, V., Iovanna, J. L., Iozzo, R. V., N. Y., Ip, Irazoqui, J. E., Iribarren, P., Isaka, Y., Isakovic, A. J., Ischiropoulos, H., Isenberg, J. S., Ishaq, M., Ishida, H., Ishii, I., Ishmael, J. E., Isidoro, C., Isobe, K. -I., Isono, E., Issazadeh-Navikas, S., Itahana, K., Itakura, E., Ivanov, A. I., Iyer, A. K. V., Izquierdo, J. M., Izumi, Y., Izzo, V., Jäättelä, M., Jaber, N., Jackson, D. J., Jackson, W. T., Jacob, T. G., Jacques, T. S., Jagannath, C., Jain, A., Jana, N. R., Jang, B. K., Jani, A., Janji, B., Jannig, P. R., Jansson, P. J., Jean, S., Jendrach, M., Jeon, J. -H., Jessen, N., Jeung, E. -B., Jia, K., Jia, L., Jiang, H., Jiang, L., Jiang, T., Jiang, X., Jiang, Y., Jiménez, A., Jin, C., Jin, H., Jin, L., Jin, M., Jin, S., Jinwal, U. K., E. -K., Jo, Johansen, T., Johnson, D. E., Johnson, G. V. W., Johnson, J. D., Jonasch, E., Jones, C., Joosten, L. A. B., Jordan, J., Joseph, A. -M., Joseph, B., Joubert, A. M., Ju, D., Ju, J., Juan, H. -F., Juenemann, K., Juhász, G., Jung, H. S., Jung, J. U., Jung, Y. -K., Jungbluth, H., Justice, M. J., Jutten, B., Kaakoush, N. O., Kaarniranta, K., Kaasik, A., Kabuta, T., Kaeffer, B., Kågedal, K., Kahana, A., Kajimura, S., Kakhlon, O., Kalia, M., Kalvakolanu, D. V., Kamada, Y., Kambas, K., Kaminskyy, V. O., Kampinga, H. H., Kandouz, M., Kang, C., Kang, R., Kang, T. -C., Kanki, T., Kanneganti, T. -D., Kanno, H., Kanthasamy, A. G., Kantorow, M., Kaparakis-Liaskos, M., Kapuy, O., Karantza, V., Karim, M. R., Karmakar, P., Kaser, A., Kaushik, S., Kawula, T., Kaynar, A. M., P. -Y., Ke, Z. -J., Ke, Kehrl, J. H., Keller, K. E., Kemper, J. K., Kenworthy, A. K., Kepp, O., Kern, A., Kesari, S., Kessel, D., Ketteler, R., Kettelhut, I. C., Khambu, B., Khan, M. M., Khandelwal, V. K. M., Khare, S., Kiang, J. G., Kiger, A. A., Kihara, A., Kim, A. L., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. R., Kim, D. -H., Kim, E. K., Kim, H. Y., Kim, H. -R., Kim, J. -S., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. C., Kim, K. W., Kim, M. D., Kim, M. -M., Kim, P. K., Kim, S. W., Kim, S. -Y., Kim, Y. -S., Kim, Y., Kimchi, A., Kimmelman, A. C., Kimura, T., King, J. S., Kirkegaard, K., Kirkin, V., Kirshenbaum, L. A., Kishi, S., Kitajima, Y., Kitamoto, K., Kitaoka, Y., Kitazato, K., Kley, R. A., Klimecki, W. 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Robin, Higaki, Katsumi, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Bradford G., Hill, Joseph A., Hill, William D., Hino, Keisuke, Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Höglinger, Günter U., Höhfeld, Jörg, Holz, Marina K., Hong, Yonggeun, Hood, David A., Hoozemans, Jeroen J.M., Hoppe, Thorsten, Hsu, Chin, Hsu, Chin-Yuan, Hsu, Li-Chung, Hu, Dong, Hu, Guochang, Hu, Hong-Ming, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Huey-Lan, Huang, Kuo-How, Huang, Kuo-Yang, Huang, Shile, Huang, Shiqian, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huang, Yi-Ran, Huang, Yong, Huang, Yunfei, Huber, Tobias B., Huebbe, Patricia, Huh, Won-Ki, Hulmi, Juha J., Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James H., Husak, Zvenyslava, Hussain, Sabah N.A., Hussain, Salik, Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Hwang, Thomas I.S., Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Imai, Yuzuru, Imbriano, Carol, Inomata, Megumi, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L., Iozzo, Renato V., Ip, Nancy Y., Irazoqui, Javier E., Iribarren, Pablo, Isaka, Yoshitaka, Isakovic, Aleksandra J., Ischiropoulos, Harry, Isenberg, Jeffrey S., Ishaq, Mohammad, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Ishii, Isao, Ishmael, Jane E., Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-Ichi, Isono, Erika, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, Itahana, Koji, Itakura, Eisuke, Ivanov, Andrei I., Iyer, Anand Krishnan V., Izquierdo, José M., Izumi, Yotaro, Izzo, Valentina, Jäättelä, Marja, Jaber, Nadia, Jackson, Daniel John, Jackson, William T., Jacob, Tony George, Jacques, Thomas S., Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jain, Ashish, Jana, Nihar Ranjan, Jang, Byoung Kuk, Jani, Alkesh, Janji, Bassam, Jannig, Paulo Roberto, Jansson, Patric J., Jean, Steve, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jessen, Niel, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jia, Kailiang, Jia, Lijun, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Liwen, Jiang, Teng, Jiang, Xiaoyan, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Ying, Jiang, Yongjun, Jiménez, Alberto, Jin, Cheng, Jin, Hongchuan, Jin, Lei, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan, Jinwal, Umesh Kumar, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E., Johnson, Gail V.W., Johnson, James D., Jonasch, Eric, Jones, Chri, Joosten, Leo A.B., Jordan, Joaquin, Joseph, Anna-Maria, Joseph, Bertrand, Joubert, Annie M., Ju, Dianwen, Ju, Jingfang, Juan, Hsueh-Fen, Juenemann, Katrin, Juhász, Gábor, Jung, Hye Seung, Jung, Jae U., Jung, Yong-Keun, Jungbluth, Heinz, Justice, Matthew J., Jutten, Barry, Kaakoush, Nadeem O., Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kaeffer, Bertrand, Kågedal, Katarina, Kahana, Alon, Kajimura, Shingo, Kakhlon, Or, Kalia, Manjula, Kalvakolanu, Dhan V., Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kambas, Konstantino, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., Kampinga, Harm H., Kandouz, Mustapha, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Rui, Kang, Tae-Cheon, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., Kantorow, Marc, Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria, Kapuy, Orsolya, Karantza, Vassiliki, Karim, Md Razaul, Karmakar, Parimal, Kaser, Arthur, Kaushik, Susmita, Kawula, Thoma, Kaynar, A. Murat, Ke, Po-Yuan, Ke, Zun-Ji, Kehrl, John H., Keller, Kate E., Kemper, Jongsook Kim, Kenworthy, Anne K., Kepp, Oliver, Kern, Andrea, Kesari, Santosh, Kessel, David, Ketteler, Robin, Kettelhut, Isis do Carmo, Khambu, Bilon, Khan, Muzamil Majid, Khandelwal, Vinoth K.M., Khare, Sangeeta, Kiang, Juliann G., Kiger, Amy A., Kihara, Akio, Kim, Arianna L., Kim, Cheol Hyeon, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Eung Kweon, Kim, Hye Young, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, Jin Hyoung, Kim, Kwang Woon, Kim, Michael D., Kim, Moon-Moo, Kim, Peter K., Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Soo-Youl, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C., Kimura, Tomonori, King, Jason S., Kirkegaard, Karla, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., Kishi, Shuji, Kitajima, Yasuo, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitaoka, Yasushi, Kitazato, Kaio, Kley, Rudolf A., Klimecki, Walter T., Klinkenberg, Michael, Klucken, Jochen, Knævelsrud, Helene, Knecht, Erwin, Knuppertz, Laura, Ko, Jiunn-Liang, Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Jan C., Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Christelle, Koenig, Ulrich, Koh, Young Ho, Köhler, Katja, Kohlwein, Sepp D., Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Dexin, Kong, Hee Jeong, Konstantakou, Eumorphia G., Kopp, Benjamin T., Korcsmaros, Tama, Korhonen, Laura, Korolchuk, Viktor I., Koshkina, Nadya V., Kou, Yanjun, Koukourakis, Michael I., Koumenis, Constantino, Kovács, Attila L., Kovács, Tibor, Kovacs, Werner J., Koya, Daisuke, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Kramer, Helmut, Kravic-Stevovic, Tamara, Krek, Wilhelm, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Krick, Roswitha, Krishnamurthy, Malathi, Kriston-Vizi, Jano, Kroemer, Guido, Kruer, Michael C., Kruger, Rejko, Ktistakis, Nicholas T., Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki, Kuhn, Christian, Kumar, Addanki Pratap, Kumar, Anuj, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumar, Sharad, Kundu, Mondira, Kung, Hsing-Jien, Kuno, Atsushi, Kuo, Sheng-Han, Kuret, Jeff, Kurz, Tino, Kwok, Terry, Kwon, Taeg Kyu, Kwon, Yong Tae, Kyrmizi, Irene, La Spada, Albert R., Lafont, Frank, Lahm, Tim, Lakkaraju, Aparna, Lam, Truong, Lamark, Trond, Lancel, Steve, Landowski, Terry H., Lane, Darius J.R., Lane, Jon D., Lanzi, Cinzia, Lapaquette, Pierre, Lapierre, Louis R., Laporte, Jocelyn, Laukkarinen, Johanna, Laurie, Gordon W., Lavandero, Sergio, Lavie, Lena, Lavoie, Matthew J., Law, Betty Yuen Kwan, Law, Helen Ka-Wai, Law, Kelsey B., Layfield, Robert, Lazo, Pedro A., Le Cam, Laurent, Le Roch, Karine G., Le Stunff, Hervé, Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra, Lecuit, Marc, Lee, Byung-Hoon, Lee, Che-Hsin, Lee, Erinna F., Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Hsinyu, Lee, Jae Keun, Lee, Jongdae, Lee, Ju-Hyun, Lee, Jun Hee, Lee, Michael, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Patty J., Lee, Sam W., Lee, Seung-Jae, Lee, Shiow-Ju, Lee, Stella Y., Lee, Sug Hyung, Lee, Sung Sik, Lee, Sung-Joon, Lee, Sunhee, Lee, Ying-Ray, Lee, Yong J., Lee, Young H., Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Lefort, Sylvain, Legouis, Renaud, Lei, Jinzhi, Lei, Qun-Ying, Leib, David A., Leibowitz, Gil, Lekli, Istvan, Lemaire, Stéphane D., Lemasters, John J., Lemberg, Marius K., Lemoine, Antoinette, Leng, Shuilong, Lenz, Guido, Lenzi, Paola, Lerman, Lilach O., Barbato, Daniele Lettieri, Leu, Julia I. 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Sue, Menna-Barreto, Rubem F.S., Menon, Manoj B., Meraz-Ríos, Marco A., Merla, Giuseppe, Merlini, Luciano, Merlot, Angelica M., Meryk, Andrea, Meschini, Stefania, Meyer, Joel N., Mi, Man-Tian, Miao, Chao-Yu, Micale, Lucia, Michaeli, Simon, Michiels, Carine, Migliaccio, Anna Rita, Mihailidou, Anastasia Susie, Mijaljica, Dalibor, Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko, Milan, Enrico, Miller-Fleming, Leonor, Mills, Gordon B., Mills, Ian G., Minakaki, Georgia, Minassian, Berge A., Ming, Xiu-Fen, Minibayeva, Farida, Minina, Elena A., Mintern, Justine D., Minucci, Saverio, Miranda-Vizuete, Antonio, Mitchell, Claire H., Miyamoto, Shigeki, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mnich, Katarzyna, Mograbi, Baharia, Mohseni, Simin, Moita, Luis Ferreira, Molinari, Marco, Molinari, Maurizio, Møller, Andreas Buch, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Mongillo, Marco, Monick, Martha M., Montagnaro, Serena, Montell, Craig, Moore, Darren J., Moore, Michael N., Mora-Rodriguez, Rodrigo, Moreira, Paula I., Morel, Etienne, Morelli, Maria Beatrice, Moreno, Sandra, Morgan, Michael J., Moris, Arnaud, Moriyasu, Yuji, Morrison, Janna L., Morrison, Lynda A., Morselli, Eugenia, Moscat, Jorge, Moseley, Pope L., Mostowy, Serge, Motori, Elisa, Mottet, Deni, Mottram, Jeremy C., Moussa, Charbel E.-H., Mpakou, Vassiliki E., Mukhtar, Hasan, Levy, Jean M. Mulcahy, Muller, Sylviane, Muñoz-Moreno, Raquel, Muñoz-Pinedo, Cristina, Münz, Christian, Murphy, Maureen E., Murray, James T., Murthy, Aditya, Mysorekar, Indira U., Nabi, Ivan R., Nabissi, Massimo, Nader, Gustavo A., Nagahara, Yukitoshi, Nagai, Yoshitaka, Nagata, Kazuhiro, Nagelkerke, Anika, Nagy, Péter, Naidu, Samisubbu R., Nair, Sreejayan, Nakano, Hiroyasu, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nanjundan, Meera, Napolitano, Gennaro, Naqvi, Naweed I., Nardacci, Roberta, Narendra, Derek P., Narita, Masashi, Nascimbeni, Anna Chiara, Natarajan, Ramesh, Navegantes, Luiz C., Nawrocki, Steffan T., Nazarko, Taras Y., Nazarko, Volodymyr Y., Neill, Thoma, Neri, Luca M., Netea, Mihai G., Netea-Maier, Romana T., Neves, Bruno M., Ney, Paul A., Nezis, Ioannis P., Nguyen, Hang T.T., Nguyen, Huu Phuc, Nicot, Anne-Sophie, Nilsen, Hilde, Nilsson, Per, Nishimura, Mikio, Nishino, Ichizo, Niso-Santano, Mireia, Niu, Hua, Nixon, Ralph A., Njar, Vincent C.O., Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A., Nolte, Elsie Magdalena, Norberg, Erik, Norga, Koenraad K., Noureini, Sakineh Kazemi, Notomi, Shoji, Notterpek, Lucia, Nowikovsky, Karin, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nürnberger, Thorsten, O'donnell, Valerie B., O'donovan, Tracey, O'dwyer, Peter J., Oehme, Ina, Oeste, Clara L., Ogawa, Michinaga, Ogretmen, Besim, Ogura, Yuji, Oh, Young J., Ohmuraya, Masaki, Ohshima, Takayuki, Ojha, Rani, Okamoto, Koji, Okazaki, Toshiro, Oliver, F. Javier, Ollinger, Karin, Olsson, Stefan, Orban, Daniel P., Ordonez, Paulina, Orhon, Idil, Orosz, Laszlo, O'rourke, Eyleen J., Orozco, Helena, Ortega, Angel L., Ortona, Elena, Osellame, Laura D., Oshima, Junko, Oshima, Shigeru, Osiewacz, Heinz D., Otomo, Takanobu, Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-Hsiung Jame, Outeiro, Tiago F., Ouyang, Dong-Yun, Ouyang, Hongjiao, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozbun, Michelle A., Ozdinler, P. Hande, Ozpolat, Bulent, Pacelli, Consiglia, Paganetti, Paolo, Page, Guyléne, Pages, Gille, Pagnini, Ugo, Pajak, Beata, Pak, Stephen C., Pakos-Zebrucka, Karolina, Pakpour, Nazzy, Palková, Zdena, Palladino, Francesca, Pallauf, Kathrin, Pallet, Nicola, Palmieri, Marta, Paludan, Søren R., Palumbo, Camilla, Palumbo, Silvia, Pampliega, Olatz, Pan, Hongming, Pan, Wei, Panaretakis, Theochari, Pandey, Aseem, Pantazopoulou, Areti, Papackova, Zuzana, Papademetrio, Daniela L., Papassideri, Issidora, Papini, Alessio, Parajuli, Nirmala, Pardo, Julian, Parekh, Vrajesh V., Parenti, Giancarlo, Park, Jong-In, Park, Junsoo, Park, Ohkmae K., Parker, Roy, Parlato, Rosanna, Parys, Jan B., Parzych, Katherine R., Pasquet, Jean-Max, Pasquier, Benoit, Pasumarthi, Kishore B.S., Patschan, Daniel, Pattingre, Sophie, Pattison, Scott, Pause, Arnim, Pavenstädt, Hermann, Pavone, Flaminia, Pedrozo, Zully, Peña, Fernando J., Peñalva, Miguel A., Pende, Mario, Peng, Jianxin, Penna, Fabio, Penninger, Josef M., Pensalfini, Anna, Pepe, Salvatore, Pereira, Gustavo J.S., Pereira, Paulo C., de la Cruz, Verónica Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, María Esther, Pérez-Rodríguez, Diego, Pérez-Sala, Dolore, Perier, Celine, Perl, Andra, Perlmutter, David H., Perrotta, Ida, Pervaiz, Shazib, Pesonen, Maija, Pessin, Jeffrey E., Peters, Godefridus J., Petersen, Morten, Petrache, Irina, Petrof, Basil J., Petrovski, Goran, Phang, James M., Piacentini, Mauro, Pierdominici, Marina, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie, Pietrocola, Federico, Pimentel-Muiños, Felipe X., Pinar, Mario, Pineda, Benjamin, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Pinti, Marcello, Pinton, Paolo, Piperdi, Bilal, Piret, James M., Platanias, Leonidas C., Platta, Harald W., Plowey, Edward D., Pöggeler, Stefanie, Poirot, Marc, Polčic, Peter, Poletti, Angelo, Poon, Audrey H., Popelka, Hana, Popova, Blagovesta, Poprawa, Izabela, Poulose, Shibu M., Poulton, Joanna, Powers, Scott K., Powers, Ted, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercede, Prak, Krisna, Prange, Reinhild, Prescott, Mark, Priault, Muriel, Prince, Sharon, Proia, Richard L., Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Prokisch, Holger, Promponas, Vasilis J., Przyklenk, Karin, Puertollano, Rosa, Pugazhenthi, Subbiah, Puglielli, Luigi, Pujol, Aurora, Puyal, Julien, Pyeon, Dohun, Qi, Xin, Qian, Wen-Bin, Qin, Zheng-Hong, Qiu, Yu, Qu, Ziwei, Quadrilatero, Joe, Quinn, Frederick, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Radogna, Flavia, Ragusa, Michael J., Rahmani, Mohamed, Raina, Komal, Ramanadham, Sasanka, Ramesh, Rajagopal, Rami, Abdelhaq, Randall-Demllo, Sarron, Randow, Felix, Rao, Hai, Rao, V. Ashutosh, Rasmussen, Blake B., Rasse, Tobias M., Ratovitski, Edward A., Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel, Ray, Swapan K., Razani, Babak, Reed, Bruce H., Reggiori, Fulvio, Rehm, Marku, Reichert, Andreas S., Rein, Theo, Reiner, David J., Reits, Eric, Ren, Jun, Ren, Xingcong, Renna, Maurizio, Reusch, Jane E.B., Revuelta, Jose L., Reyes, Leticia, Rezaie, Alireza R., Richards, Robert I., Richardson, Des R., Richetta, Clémence, Riehle, Michael A., Rihn, Bertrand H., Rikihisa, Yasuko, Riley, Brigit E., Rimbach, Gerald, Rippo, Maria Rita, Ritis, Konstantino, Rizzi, Federica, Rizzo, Elizete, Roach, Peter J., Robbins, Jeffrey, Roberge, Michel, Roca, Gabriela, Roccheri, Maria Carmela, Rocha, Sonia, Rodrigues, Cecilia M.P., Rodríguez, Clara I., de Cordoba, Santiago Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Muela, Natalia, Roelofs, Jeroen, Rogov, Vladimir V., Rohn, Troy T., Rohrer, Bärbel, Romanelli, Davide, Romani, Luigina, Romano, Patricia Silvia, Roncero, M. Isabel G., Rosa, Jose Lui, Rosello, Alicia, Rosen, Kirill V., Rosenstiel, Philip, Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena, Roth, Kevin A., Roué, Gael, Rouis, Mustapha, Rouschop, Kasper M., Ruan, Daniel T., Ruano, Diego, Rubinsztein, David C., Rucker, Edmund B., Rudich, Assaf, Rudolf, Emil, Rudolf, Ruediger, Ruegg, Markus A., Ruiz-Roldan, Carmen, Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok, Rusmini, Paola, Russ, David W., Russo, Gian Luigi, Russo, Giuseppe, Russo, Rossella, Rusten, Tor Erik, Ryabovol, Victoria, Ryan, Kevin M., Ryter, Stefan W., Sabatini, David M., Sacher, Michael, Sachse, Carsten, Sack, Michael N., Sadoshima, Junichi, Saftig, Paul, Sagi-Eisenberg, Ronit, Sahni, Sumit, Saikumar, Pothana, Saito, Tsunenori, Saitoh, Tatsuya, Sakakura, Koichi, Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Machiko, Sakuraba, Yasuhito, Salazar-Roa, María, Salomoni, Paolo, Saluja, Ashok K., Salvaterra, Paul M., Salvioli, Rosa, Samali, Afshin, Sanchez, Anthony M.J., Sánchez-Alcázar, José A., Sanchez-Prieto, Ricardo, Sandri, Marco, Sanjuan, Miguel A., Santaguida, Stefano, Santambrogio, Laura, Santoni, Giorgio, Dos Santos, Claudia Nune, Saran, Shweta, Sardiello, Marco, Sargent, Graeme, Sarkar, Pallabi, Sarkar, Sovan, Sarrias, Maria Rosa, Sarwal, Minnie M., Sasakawa, Chihiro, Sasaki, Motoko, Sass, Miklo, Sato, Ken, Sato, Miyuki, Satriano, Joseph, Savaraj, Niramol, Saveljeva, Svetlana, Schaefer, Liliana, Schaible, Ulrich E., Scharl, Michael, Schatzl, Hermann M., Schekman, Randy, Scheper, Wiep, Schiavi, Alfonso, Schipper, Hyman M., Schmeisser, Hana, Schmidt, Jen, Schmitz, Ingo, Schneider, Bianca E., Schneider, E. Marion, Schneider, Jaime L., Schon, Eric A., Schönenberger, Miriam J., Schönthal, Axel H., Schorderet, Daniel F., Schröder, Bernd, Schuck, Sebastian, Schulze, Ryan J., Schwarten, Melanie, Schwarz, Thomas L., Sciarretta, Sebastiano, Scotto, Kathleen, Scovassi, A. Ivana, Screaton, Robert A., Screen, Mark, Seca, Hugo, Sedej, Simon, Segatori, Laura, Segev, Nava, Seglen, Per O., Seguí-Simarro, Jose M., Segura-Aguilar, Juan, Seiliez, Iban, Seki, Ekihiro, Sell, Christian, Semenkovich, Clay F., Semenza, Gregg L., Sen, Utpal, Serra, Andreas L., Serrano-Puebla, Ana, Sesaki, Hiromi, Setoguchi, Takao, Settembre, Carmine, Shacka, John J., Shajahan-Haq, Ayesha N., Shapiro, Irving M., Sharma, Shweta, She, Hua, Shen, C.-K. Jame, Shen, Chiung-Chyi, Shen, Han-Ming, Shen, Sanbing, Shen, Weili, Sheng, Rui, Sheng, Xianyong, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shepherd, Trevor G., Shi, Junyan, Shi, Qiang, Shi, Qinghua, Shi, Yuguang, Shibutani, Shusaku, Shibuya, Kenichi, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, Shih, Chwen-Ming, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shin, Dong Wook, Shinohara, Mari L., Shintani, Michiko, Shintani, Takahiro, Shioi, Tetsuo, Shirabe, Ken, Shiri-Sverdlov, Ronit, Shirihai, Orian, Shore, Gordon C., Shu, Chih-Wen, Shukla, Deepak, Sibirny, Andriy A., Sica, Valentina, Sigurdson, Christina J., Sigurdsson, Einar M., Sijwali, Puran Singh, Sikorska, Beata, Silveira, Wilian A., Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine, Silverman, Gary A., Simak, Jan, Simmet, Thoma, Simon, Anna Katharina, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simone, Cristiano, Simons, Matia, Simonsen, Anne, Singh, Rajat, Singh, Shivendra V., Singh, Shrawan K., Sinha, Debasish, Sinha, Sangita, Sinicrope, Frank A., Sirko, Agnieszka, Sirohi, Kapil, Sishi, Balindiwe J.N., Sittler, Annie, Siu, Parco M., Sivridis, Efthimio, Skwarska, Anna, Slack, Ruth, Slaninová, Iva, Slavov, Nikolai, Smaili, Soraya S., Smalley, Keiran S.M., Smith, Duncan R., Soenen, Stefaan J., Soleimanpour, Scott A., Solhaug, Anita, Somasundaram, Kumaravel, Son, Jin H., Sonawane, Avinash, Song, Chunjuan, Song, Fuyong, Song, Hyun Kyu, Song, Ju-Xian, Song, Wei, Soo, Kai Y., Sood, Anil K., Soong, Tuck Wah, Soontornniyomkij, Virawudh, Sorice, Maurizio, Sotgia, Federica, Soto-Pantoja, David R., Sotthibundhu, Areechun, Sousa, Maria João, Spaink, Herman P., Span, Paul N., Spang, Anne, Sparks, Janet D., Speck, Peter G., Spector, Stephen A., Spies, Claudia D., Springer, Wolfdieter, Clair, Daret St, Stacchiotti, Alessandra, Staels, Bart, Stang, Michael T., Starczynowski, Daniel T., Starokadomskyy, Petro, Steegborn, Clemen, Steele, John W., Stefanis, Leonida, Steffan, Joan, Stellrecht, Christine M., Stenmark, Harald, Stepkowski, Tomasz M., Stern, Stęphan T., Stevens, Craig, Stockwell, Brent R., Stoka, Veronika, Storchova, Zuzana, Stork, Björn, Stratoulias, Vassili, Stravopodis, Dimitrios J., Strnad, Pavel, Strohecker, Anne Marie, Ström, Anna-Lena, Stromhaug, Per, Stulik, Jiri, Su, Yu-Xiong, Su, Zhaoliang, Subauste, Carlos S., Subramaniam, Srinivasa, Sue, Carolyn M., Suh, Sang Won, Sui, Xinbing, Sukseree, Supawadee, Sulzer, David, Sun, Fang-Lin, Sun, Jiaren, Sun, Jun, Sun, Shi-Yong, Sun, Yang, Sun, Yi, Sun, Yingjie, Sundaramoorthy, Vinod, Sung, Joseph, Suzuki, Hidekazu, Suzuki, Kuninori, Suzuki, Naoki, Suzuki, Tadashi, Suzuki, Yuichiro J., Swanson, Michele S., Swanton, Charle, Swärd, Karl, Swarup, Ghanshyam, Sweeney, Sean T., Sylvester, Paul W., Szatmari, Zsuzsanna, Szegezdi, Eva, Szlosarek, Peter W., Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Taillebourg, Emmanuel, Tait, Stephen W.G., Takacs-Vellai, Krisztina, Takahashi, Yoshinori, Takáts, Szabolc, Takemura, Genzou, Takigawa, Nagio, Talbot, Nicholas J., Tamagno, Elena, Tamburini, Jerome, Tan, Cai-Ping, Tan, Lan, Tan, Mei Lan, Tan, Ming, Tan, Yee-Joo, Tanaka, Keiji, Tanaka, Masaki, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Dingzhong, Tang, Guomei, Tanida, Isei, Tanji, Kunikazu, Tannous, Bakhos A., Tapia, Jose A., Tasset-Cuevas, Inmaculada, Tatar, Marc, Tavassoly, Iman, Tavernarakis, Nektario, Taylor, Allen, Taylor, Graham S., Taylor, Gregory A., Taylor, J. Paul, Taylor, Mark J., Tchetina, Elena V., Tee, Andrew R., Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima, Telang, Sucheta, Tencomnao, Tewin, Teng, Ba-Bie, Teng, Ru-Jeng, Terro, Faraj, Tettamanti, Gianluca, Theiss, Arianne L., Theron, Anne E., Thomas, Kelly Jean, Thomé, Marcos P., Thomes, Paul G., Thorburn, Andrew, Thorner, Jeremy, Thum, Thoma, Thumm, Michael, Thurston, Teresa L.M., Tian, Ling, Till, Andrea, Ting, Jenny Pan-Yun, Ting, Jenny Pan Yun, Titorenko, Vladimir I., Toker, Lilach, Toldo, Stefano, Tooze, Sharon A., Topisirovic, Ivan, Torgersen, Maria Lyngaa, Torosantucci, Liliana, Torriglia, Alicia, Torrisi, Maria Rosaria, Tournier, Cathy, Towns, Roberto, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Travassos, Leonardo H., Triola, Gemma, Tripathi, Durga Nand, Trisciuoglio, Daniela, Troncoso, Rodrigo, Trougakos, Ioannis P., Truttmann, Anita C., Tsai, Kuen-Jer, Tschan, Mario P., Tseng, Yi-Hsin, Tsukuba, Takayuki, Tsung, Allan, Tsvetkov, Andrey S., Tu, Shuiping, Tuan, Hsing-Yu, Tucci, Marco, Tumbarello, David A., Turk, Bori, Turk, Vito, Turner, Robin F.B., Tveita, Anders A., Tyagi, Suresh C., Ubukata, Makoto, Uchiyama, Yasuo, Udelnow, Andrej, Ueno, Takashi, Umekawa, Midori, Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika, Underwood, Benjamin R., Ungermann, Christian, Ureshino, Rodrigo P., Ushioda, Ryo, Uversky, Vladimir N., Uzcátegui, Néstor L., Vaccari, Thoma, Vaccaro, Maria I., Váchová, Libuše, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin, Valdor, Rut, Valente, Enza Maria, Vallette, Francoi, Valverde, Angela M., Van den Berghe, Greet, Van Den Bosch, Ludo, van den Brink, Gijs R., van der Goot, F. Gisou, van der Klei, Ida J., van der Laan, Luc J.W., van Doorn, Wouter G., van Egmond, Marjolein, van Golen, Kenneth L., Van Kaer, Luc, Campagne, Menno van Lookeren, Vandenabeele, Peter, Vandenberghe, Wim, Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Varela-Nieto, Isabel, Vasconcelos, M. Helena, Vasko, Radovan, Vavvas, Demetrios G., Vega-Naredo, Ignacio, Velasco, Guillermo, Velentzas, Athanassios D., Velentzas, Panagiotis D., Vellai, Tibor, Vellenga, Edo, Vendelbo, Mikkel Holm, Venkatachalam, Kartik, Ventura, Natascia, Ventura, Salvador, Veras, Patrícia S.T., Verdier, Mireille, Vertessy, Beata G., Viale, Andrea, Vidal, Michel, Vieira, Helena L.A., Vierstra, Richard D., Vigneswaran, Nadarajah, Vij, Neeraj, Vila, Miquel, Villar, Margarita, Villar, Victor H., Villarroya, Joan, Vindis, Cécile, Viola, Giampietro, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Vitale, Giovanni, Vogl, Dan T., Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V., von Haefen, Clarissa, von Schwarzenberg, Karin, Voth, Daniel E., Vouret-Craviari, Valérie, Vuori, Kristina, Vyas, Jatin M., Waeber, Christian, Walker, Cheryl Lyn, Walker, Mark J., Walter, Jochen, Wan, Lei, Wan, Xiangbo, Wang, Bo, Wang, Caihong, Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chengshu, Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chuangui, Wang, Dong, Wang, Fen, Wang, Fuxin, Wang, Guanghui, Wang, Hai-Jie, Wang, Haichao, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Hongmin, Wang, Horng-Dar, Wang, Jing, Wang, Junjun, Wang, Mei, Wang, Mei-Qing, Wang, Pei-Yu, Wang, Peng, Wang, Richard C., Wang, Shuo, Wang, Ting-Fang, Wang, Xian, Wang, Xiao-Jia, Wang, Xiao-Wei, Wang, Xin, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanming, Wang, Ying, Wang, Ying-Jan, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Yu, Wang, Yu Tian, Wang, Yuqing, Wang, Zhi-Nong, Wappner, Pablo, Ward, Carl, Ward, Diane McVey, Warnes, Gary, Watada, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Yoshihisa, Watase, Kei, Weaver, Timothy E., Weekes, Colin D., Wei, Jiwu, Weide, Thoma, Weihl, Conrad C., Weindl, Günther, Weis, Simone Nardin, Wen, Longping, Wen, Xin, Wen, Yunfei, Westermann, Benedikt, Weyand, Cornelia M., White, Anthony R., White, Eileen, Whitton, J. Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J., Wiels, Joëlle, Wild, Franziska, Wildenberg, Manon E., Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Deepti Sriniva, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Chri, Williams, Katherine, Williamson, Peter R., Winklhofer, Konstanze F., Witkin, Steven S., Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E., Wollert, Thoma, Wolvetang, Ernst J., Wong, Esther, Wong, G. William, Wong, Richard W., Wong, Vincent Kam Wai, Woodcock, Elizabeth A., Wright, Karen L., Wu, Chunlai, Wu, Defeng, Wu, Gen Sheng, Wu, Jian, Wu, Junfang, Wu, Mian, Wu, Min, Wu, Shengzhou, Wu, William K.K., Wu, Yaohua, Wu, Zhenlong, Xavier, Cristina P.R., Xavier, Ramnik J., Xia, Gui-Xian, Xia, Tian, Xia, Weiliang, Xia, Yong, Xiao, Hengyi, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Shi, Xiao, Wuhan, Xie, Chuan-Ming, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria, Xiong, Yuyan, Xu, Chuanshan, Xu, Congfeng, Xu, Feng, Xu, Haoxing, Xu, Hongwei, Xu, Jian, Xu, Jianzhen, Xu, Jinxian, Xu, Liang, Xu, Xiaolei, Xu, Yangqing, Xu, Ye, Xu, Zhi-Xiang, Xu, Ziheng, Xue, Yu, Yamada, Takahiro, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamanaka, Koji, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yamashiro, Shigeko, Yan, Bing, Yan, Bo, Yan, Xianghua, Yan, Zhen, Yanagi, Yasuo, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Liu, Yang, Minghua, Yang, Pei-Ming, Yang, Peixin, Yang, Qian, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Xuesong, Yang, Yi, Yang, Ying, Yang, Zhifen, Yang, Zhihong, Yao, Meng-Chao, Yao, Pamela J., Yao, Xiaofeng, Yao, Zhenyu, Yao, Zhiyuan, Yasui, Linda S., Ye, Mingxiang, Yedvobnick, Barry, Yeganeh, Behzad, Yeh, Elizabeth S., Yeyati, Patricia L., Yi, Fan, Yi, Long, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yip, Calvin K., Yoo, Yeong-Min, Yoo, Young Hyun, Yoon, Seung-Yong, Yoshida, Ken-Ichi, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Young, Ken H., Yu, Huixin, Yu, Jane J., Yu, Jin-Tai, Yu, Jun, Yu, Li, Yu, W. Haung, Yu, Xiao-Fang, Yu, Zhengping, Yuan, Junying, Yuan, Zhi-Min, Yue, Beatrice Y.J.T., Yue, Jianbo, Yue, Zhenyu, Zacks, David N., Zacksenhaus, Eldad, Zaffaroni, Nadia, Zaglia, Tania, Zakeri, Zahra, Zecchini, Vincent, Zeng, Jinsheng, Zeng, Min, Zeng, Qi, Zervos, Antonis S., Zhang, Donna D., Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Guo, Zhang, Guo-Chang, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Hongbing, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Jiangwei, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Ming-Yong, Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhang, Yan, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yanjin, Zhang, Yingmei, Zhang, Yunjiao, Zhao, Mei, Zhao, Wei-Li, Zhao, Xiaonan, Zhao, Yan G., Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao, Zhao, Yu-Xia, Zhao, Zhendong, Zhao, Zhizhuang J., Zheng, Dexian, Zheng, Xi-Long, Zheng, Xiaoxiang, Zhivotovsky, Bori, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Guang-Zhou, Zhou, Guofei, Zhou, Huiping, Zhou, Shu-Feng, Zhou, Xu-Jie, Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Hua, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Wenhua, Zhu, Xiao-Feng, Zhu, Yuhua, Zhuang, Shi-Mei, Zhuang, Xiaohong, Ziparo, Elio, Zois, Christos E., Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorzano, Antonio, and Zughaier, Susu M.
- Subjects
Molecular Biology ,Cell Biology ,Settore BIO/06 - Anatomia Comparata E Citologia - Abstract
non presente
- Published
- 2016
8. Systemically administered PEDF against primary and secondary tumours in a clinically relevant osteosarcoma model
- Author
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Broadhead, M L, primary, Dass, C R, additional, and Choong, P F M, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Effect of Deoxyribozymes Targeting c-Jun on Solid Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in Rodents
- Author
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Zhang, G., primary, Dass, C. R., additional, Sumithran, E., additional, Di Girolamo, N., additional, Sun, L.-Q., additional, and Khachigian, L. M., additional
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- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Stimulation of bone regeneration with pigment epithelium-derived factor microparticles: evidence in silico, in vitroand in vivo
- Author
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Lee, P. X., Martinez, J., and Dass, C. R.
- Abstract
The occurrence of bone defects can be due to a variety of factors not limited to bone fractures and tumours. Most diseased bone is removed and the patient fitted with prosthetics, prior to use of certain factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to aid healing. Recently, the protein pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and the polysaccharide chitosan have been found to have promising effects on the regeneration of bone, with the major advantage of these agents being their safety to date. A study was performed to determine whether the combination of both chitosan and PEDF would enhance greater bone regeneration effects. Post-formulation, in silicotests (particle sizing and surface charge determination) were followed by several cell-based assays (microparticle cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial abundance, bone mineral formation, colony formation in matrigel, and colony formation in collagen I matrix), and finally in vivotesting where microparticles were injected periosteally in the hindlimb. Collectively, these findings support the idea that PEDF microencapsulated within chitosan promotes bone regeneration, and has potential for bone trauma management. Future studies will examine the ability of this promising bone regeneration microparticle to heal bone in disease states such as fracture and tumour-mediated osteolysis.
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Angiogenesis Inhibitors and the Need for Anti-angiogenic Therapeutics.
- Author
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Dass, C. R., Tran, T. M. N., and Choong, P. F. M.
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NEOVASCULARIZATION ,BLOOD-vessel development ,DIABETIC retinopathy ,RETINAL degeneration ,METASTASIS ,MONOCLONAL antibodies - Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels to form capillary networks, which, among other diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration, is particularly important for tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, depriving a tumor of its vascular supply by means of anti-angiogenic agents has been of great interest since its proposal in the 1970s. This review looks at the common angiogenic inhibitors (angiostatin, endostatin, maspin, pigment epitheliumderived factor, bevacizumab and other monoclonal antibodies, and zoledronic acid) and their current status in clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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12. A method for intratumoral continuous infusion of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides
- Author
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Walker, T. L., Decruz, E. E., Dass, C. R., and Burton, M. A.
- Published
- 1998
13. Treatment of bone disorders with parathyroid hormone: success and pitfalls.
- Author
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Ng PY, Ong AJ, Gale LS, and Dass CR
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- Aged, Bone Density Conservation Agents therapeutic use, Diphosphonates therapeutic use, Humans, Parathyroid Hormone physiology, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Bone Diseases drug therapy, Parathyroid Hormone adverse effects, Parathyroid Hormone therapeutic use
- Abstract
Bone diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone tumours and bone fractures are rather common and not just in the elderly. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis, increasing bone mineral density (BMD), increasing cortical and trabecular bone thickness and thus increasing bone strength. Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) has the same effects as endogenous PTH and is pharmacologically used to treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone fractures and bone tumours. This review discusses how PTH 1-34 plays a role in managing bone diseases. Clinical studies have shown that short or intermittent dosing of PTH 1-34 has minimal adverse effects, while long-term dosing (over two years) has been linked to de novo osteoarthritis and bone deformation. Currently PTH therapy is only approved in the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis, however it is also proven to have effects in treating osteoarthritis, bone tumours and bone fractures. If the patient undergoing therapy is closely monitored, the major pitfalls are very unlikely to take place, thus it is highly recommended that patients be closely monitored by a medical practitioner.
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Potential of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) as a bone regenerative biopharmaceutical.
- Author
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Lee PX and Dass CR
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- Animals, Bone Neoplasms complications, Bone and Bones drug effects, Humans, Bone Diseases drug therapy, Bone Regeneration drug effects, Eye Proteins therapeutic use, Nerve Growth Factors therapeutic use, Serpins therapeutic use
- Abstract
Bone is very much a dynamic tissue, capable of various functions not limited to protection of the marrow, serving as a reservoir for calcium, maintaining posture and facilitating mobility. It is also a tissue that is fully capable of regenerating itself at most stages of life, with a diminishing capacity with increasing age. Bone defects can arise from a variety of factors not limited to bone tumours and fractures. At present, clinically, most diseased bone is removed and the patient fitted with prosthetics, with use of certain factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to aid healing. Recently, the protein pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has been found to have favourable effects on bone regeneration, which is reviewed here. Numerous studies have shown the potential of PEDF in vitro, with increasing reports of success in small animal models of bone trauma. This review puts forward the advantages, and some disadvantages, in the use of PEDF as a biopharmaceutical for bone regeneration.
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- 2016
15. Reduction in tumour cell invasion by pigment epithelium-derived factor is mediated by membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase downregulation.
- Author
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Filiz G and Dass CR
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- Blotting, Western, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Cell Line, Tumor, Collagen Type I chemistry, Down-Regulation drug effects, Female, Humans, Male, Prostatic Neoplasms drug therapy, Eye Proteins pharmacology, Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 metabolism, Neoplasm Invasiveness prevention & control, Nerve Growth Factors pharmacology, Serpins pharmacology
- Abstract
Prostate cancer and breast cancer are major killers among males and females respectively. In this study, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was examined for its effect on commonly used human prostate cancer and human breast cancer cell lines. PEDF increased adhesion of cells to collagen-I, with decreased expression of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-Fak) consistent between the two cell types. Invasion of both tumour cell types through collagen-I was also reduced by PEDF, with decreased expression of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). These results were confirmed with specific antibodies to MT-MMP1. This study provides some vital clues as to which molecular players are perturbed by PEDF treatment of human prostate and breast cancer cells, raising hope that PEDF can in future be trialled against these major cancers in attempts to procure safer yet effective therapies for cancer.
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- 2012
16. Delivery of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems via the intravenous route for cancer gene therapy.
- Author
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Hallaj-Nezhadi S, Lotfipour F, and Dass CR
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- DNA administration & dosage, DNA genetics, Gene Transfer Techniques, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, RNA, Small Interfering administration & dosage, Drug Delivery Systems, Genetic Therapy methods, Nanoparticles, Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
While the systemic route of administration enables therapeutic genes to spread through the bloodstream and access target cells, it is a challenge to achieve this. Several studies demonstrate that systemic administration of therapeutic genes or other nucleic acid-based constructs such as siRNA to solid tumors as well as cancer metastases are better with nanoparticulate systems compared to administration of free (uncomplexed) nucleic acids. Nanoparticle-based nucleic acid delivery systems might be more pertinent, due to the several privileges in terms of enhanced tissue penetrability, improved cellular uptake and to a lesser extent, targeted gene delivery to the cells of interest provided targeting ligands are used. Systemic delivery of nanoplexes has already been reported with different nanoparticles containing DNA via various routes of administration. The goal of the present article is to review the current state of intravenous delivery of nanoparticles for gene therapy of cancer.
- Published
- 2010
17. The pathophysiological role of PEDF in bone diseases.
- Author
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Broadhead ML, Akiyama T, Choong PF, and Dass CR
- Subjects
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors therapeutic use, Bone and Bones pathology, Bone and Bones physiopathology, Eye Proteins therapeutic use, Growth Plate cytology, Growth Plate physiology, Humans, Joint Diseases pathology, Joint Diseases physiopathology, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Nerve Growth Factors therapeutic use, Osteoblasts metabolism, Osteoclasts metabolism, Osteosarcoma metabolism, Osteosarcoma pathology, Osteosarcoma physiopathology, Osteosarcoma therapy, Protease Inhibitors therapeutic use, Serpins therapeutic use, Angiogenesis Inhibitors metabolism, Bone Diseases metabolism, Bone Diseases pathology, Bone Diseases physiopathology, Bone and Bones physiology, Eye Proteins metabolism, Nerve Growth Factors metabolism, Protease Inhibitors metabolism, Serpins metabolism
- Abstract
First discovered in 1991 as a factor secreted by retinal pigment epithelial cells, the potency of pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) as an anti-angiogenic has led to examination of its role in active bone growth, repair and remodelling. In the musculoskeletal system, PEDF expression occurs particularly at sites of active bone formation. Expression has been noted in osteoblasts and to a lesser degree osteoclasts, the major classes of bone cells. In fact, PEDF is capable of inducing differentiation of precursor cells into mature osteoblasts. Expression and localisation are closely linked with that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Studies at the epiphyseal plate have revealed that PEDF expression plays a key role in endochondral ossification, and beyond this may account for the epiphyseal plate's innate ability to resist neoplastic cell invasion. Collagen-1, the major protein in bone, is avidly bound by PEDF, implicating an important role played by this protein on PEDF function, possibly through MMP-2 and -9 activity. Surprisingly, the role of PEDF has not been evaluated more widely in bone disorders, so the challenge ahead lies in a more diverse evaluation of PEDF in various osteologic pathologies including osteoarthritis and fracture healing.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Current and future treatments of bone metastases.
- Author
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Clark JC, Dass CR, and Choong PF
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone Neoplasms metabolism, Bone Neoplasms secondary, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Humans, Signal Transduction drug effects, Treatment Outcome, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Bone Neoplasms drug therapy, Drugs, Investigational therapeutic use
- Abstract
Bone metastases contribute to a significant degree of morbidity in patients with common cancers through the development of skeletal related events (SRE) such as bone pain and pathological fracture. Traditional therapy has relied on surgical removal of lesions and, with the advent of adjuvant therapies, has been combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and more recently osteoclast inhibiting agents like bisphosphonates. Although these therapeutic combinations can achieve a degree of local control, and rarely cure, across the vast majority of metastatic cancers they provide only palliation. Newer molecular agents currently under investigation, combined with innovations in surgery and radiation therapy offer a more targeted approach to bone metastasis. These utilise our understanding of key steps in the metastatic cascade including chemotactic attraction to bone, secretion of proteases, the cancer supporting microenvironment of bone matrix and the RANK-RANKL interaction for osteoclast activation. Direct inhibition of metastasis progression and osteolysis with less reliance on cytotoxic agents and invasive therapy should result in improved metastatic control, longer survival and less overall morbidity.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. C-jun: pharmaceutical target for DNAzyme therapy of multiple pathologies.
- Author
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Dass CR and Choong PF
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, RNA, Messenger therapeutic use, DNA, Catalytic therapeutic use, Genes, jun drug effects
- Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of DNAzymes for therapy of various diseases via mRNA target-specific cleavage. One such target, the basic region-leucine zipper protein c-Jun, has been targeted and efficacy seen in such pathologies as cancer, ocular neovascularisation, arterial thickening, acute inflammation, and rheumatoid arthritis. This review discusses these cases in turn, and presents some new data on the applicability of a c-jun DNAzyme against a panel of cancer cells. Importantly, downregulation of c-jun is noted to cause apoptotic death of cancer cells. These studies collectively demonstrate the potential of this DNAzyme as a lead candidate for DNAzyme therapeutics.
- Published
- 2008
20. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF): drug developmental challenges ahead for a budding anti-angiogenic.
- Author
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Dass CR and Choong PF
- Subjects
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors administration & dosage, Animals, Drug Delivery Systems, Drug Design, Eye Proteins administration & dosage, Humans, Neovascularization, Pathologic prevention & control, Nerve Growth Factors administration & dosage, Serpins administration & dosage, Angiogenesis Inhibitors pharmacology, Eye Proteins pharmacology, Neovascularization, Pathologic pathology, Nerve Growth Factors pharmacology, Serpins pharmacology
- Abstract
One of the most potent anti-angiogenic biological discovered to date, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is fast becoming an exciting and promising lead candidate. Recent studies have shown that even shortened versions of the protein can serve as therapeutic agents with similar activity as the parent molecule. The next obvious challenge is to find ways to deliver this molecule in vivo with enhanced pharmacodynamics and reduced toxicity. Several methods to achieve this are proposed.
- Published
- 2008
21. Enhanced in vivo tumour response from combination of carboplatin and low-dose c-myc antisense oligonucleotides.
- Author
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Walker TL, Dass CR, and Burton MA
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma drug therapy, Animals, Cell Division drug effects, Disease Models, Animal, Kinetics, Rats, Thionucleotides pharmacology, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Carboplatin toxicity, Genes, myc drug effects, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense toxicity
- Abstract
Background: Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides ([S]ODNs) contain a modified phosphate backbone. Antisense [S]ODNs targeted to specific oncogenes have been used to varying success in vivo. Carboplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic and is associated with chemoresistance in some human tumours. The potential for combined antisense [S]ODNs and carboplatin chemotherapy has only recently been explored in vivo., Materials and Methods: This study examines the effect of c-myc antisense oligomers delivered in isolation as naked DNA and in combination with carboplatin upon the growth kinetics of an in vivo transplantable adenocarcinoma using rodents., Results: Tumours treated with a combination of 600 microg of 15-mer c-myc phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide and an intravenous administration of carboplatin (3 mg/kg), demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) retardation in tumour growth kinetics relative to a control. Two mismatch antisense controls did not significantly inhibit tumour growth. C-myc protein studies in tumour sections failed to show significant differences in c-myc expression in any of the treated tumours., Conclusion: This study demonstrates that carboplatin affects the relative abundance of c-myc and that combination treatment of carboplatin and c-myc phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides in vivo results in synergistic tumour retardation.
- Published
- 2002
22. Immunostimulatory activity of cationic-lipid-nucleic-acid complexes against cancer.
- Author
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Dass CR
- Subjects
- Cations chemistry, Cations immunology, Cations therapeutic use, CpG Islands genetics, CpG Islands immunology, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Therapy, Humans, ISCOMs administration & dosage, ISCOMs therapeutic use, Lipids administration & dosage, Lipids therapeutic use, Liposomes, Oligonucleotides administration & dosage, Oligonucleotides therapeutic use, ISCOMs immunology, Lipids immunology, Oligonucleotides immunology
- Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the immunostimulatory nature of nucleic acids and the enhancement of such immunostimulation when nucleic acids are complexed to cationic liposomes to form cationic-lipid-nucleic-acid-complexes or lipoplexes. While such immunostimulation may have deleterious consequences for nucleic acid delivery, especially in the field of gene therapy, it may be harnessed for efficacious usage against the various forms of cancer.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Particle-mediated intravascular delivery of oligonucleotides to tumors: associated biology and lessons from genotherapy.
- Author
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Dass CR and Su T
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Transport, Capillary Permeability, Drug Carriers, Endothelium, Vascular pathology, Genetic Therapy methods, Humans, Liposomes, Microspheres, Neoplasms therapy, Neovascularization, Pathologic metabolism, Neovascularization, Pathologic therapy, Oligonucleotides metabolism, Oligonucleotides pharmacokinetics, Drug Delivery Systems methods, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Gene Transfer Techniques, Neoplasms blood supply, Oligonucleotides administration & dosage
- Abstract
For a solid tumor to become life-threatening, an adequate blood supply has to be established. Although neovascularization has dire consequences for the host, it furnishes a common route through which tumors may be accessed and eradicated by drugs. The fact that a tumor's vasculature is relatively more permeable than that of healthy host tissue means selective delivery of drugs may be achieved. The role played by the cells making up the tumor vascular bed, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), has to be evaluated closely in attempts to design ways for enhancing drug delivery to solid tumors via the vasculature. The two major roles of VECs in the body, as barrier and as transport, are both highly pertinent to drug delivery. Our review examines how VECs may be manipulated in vivo to improve the selective delivery of carriers for oligonucleotide constructs to solid tumors. It also discusses how oligonucleotide drugs may be targeted against tumor VECs on the premise that by killing these cells, the tumor itself will perish. Cationic liposomes and microspheres are the major delivery vehicles discussed, with added analyses of such other nucleic acid carriers as nanospheres, dendrimers, and polyethyleneimine.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Delivery of lipoplexes for genotherapy of solid tumours: role of vascular endothelial cells.
- Author
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Dass CR and Su T
- Subjects
- Drug Carriers, Endothelium, Vascular physiology, Humans, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Permeability, Endothelium, Vascular cytology, Genetic Therapy, Lipids pharmacology, Neoplasms blood supply
- Abstract
The cells constituting a solid tumour may vary considerably due to biological disparities, but for a solid tumour to pose as a threat to its host, an adequate blood supply has to be established. Although neovascularisation may have dire consequences for the host, it provides a common route by which tumours in general may be reached and eradicated by drugs. The fact that a tumour's vasculature is relatively more permeable than healthy host tissue means that selective delivery of drugs may be achieved. A closer examination of the role played by the cells making up the tumour vascular bed, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), is required to facilitate design of ways for enhancing drug delivery to solid tumours via the vascular route. VECs have two major roles in the body, barrier and transport, both of which are highly pertinent to drug delivery. This review discusses the factors regulating VEC function, and how these cells may be manipulated in-vivo to improve the selective delivery of lipoplexes, carriers for gene therapy constructs, to solid tumours. It also discusses how genotherapeutic drugs may be targeted against tumour VECs on the premise that by killing these cells, the tumour itself will perish.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Apolipoprotein A-I, cyclodextrins and liposomes as potential drugs for the reversal of atherosclerosis. A review.
- Author
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Dass CR and Jessup W
- Subjects
- Arteriosclerosis metabolism, Cholesterol metabolism, Cyclodextrins adverse effects, Drug Carriers, Drug Delivery Systems, Humans, Phospholipids metabolism, Apolipoprotein A-I therapeutic use, Arteriosclerosis drug therapy, Cyclodextrins therapeutic use, Liposomes administration & dosage
- Abstract
Several studies have revealed that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the most reliable predictor for susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. Since apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major protein of HDL, it is worthwhile evaluating the potential of this protein to reduce the lipid burden of lesions observed in the clinic. Indeed, apoA-I is used extensively in cell culture to induce cholesterol efflux. However, while there is a large body of data emanating from in-vitro and cell-culture studies with apoA-I, little animal data and scant clinical trials examining the potential of this apolipoprotein to induce cholesterol (and other lipid) efflux exists. Importantly, the effects of oxysterols, such as 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), on cholesterol and other lipid efflux by apoA-I needs to be investigated in any attempt to utilise apoA-I as an agent to stimulate efflux of lipids. Lessons may be learnt from studies with other lipid acceptors such as cyclodextrins and phospholipid vesicles (PLVs, liposomes), by combination with other effluxing agents, by remodelling the protein structure of the apolipoprotein, or by altering the composition of the lipoprotein intended for administration in-vivo. Akin to any other drug, the usage of this apolipoprotein in a therapeutic context has to follow the traditional sequence of events, namely an evaluation of the biodistribution, safety and dose-response of the protein in animal trials in advance of clinical trials. Mass production of the apolipoprotein is now a simple process due to the advent of recombinant DNA technology. This review also considers the potential of cyclodextrins and PLVs for use in inducing reverse cholesterol transport in-vivo. Finally, the potential of cyclodextrins as delivery agents for nucleic acid-based constructs such as oligonucleotides and plasmids is discussed.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Apolipoprotein A-I, phospholipid vesicles, and cyclodextrins as potential anti-atherosclerotic drugs: delivery, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy.
- Author
-
Dass CR
- Subjects
- Animals, Apolipoprotein A-I pharmacokinetics, Apolipoprotein A-I physiology, Arteriosclerosis physiopathology, Cyclodextrins pharmacokinetics, Cyclodextrins physiology, Genetic Therapy methods, Humans, Liposomes administration & dosage, Phospholipids, Apolipoprotein A-I administration & dosage, Arteriosclerosis drug therapy, Cholesterol metabolism, Cyclodextrins administration & dosage
- Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a reliable predictor for susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. Since apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major protein of HDL, it is worthwhile to evaluate the potential of this protein to reduce the lipid burden of lesions observed in the clinic. While a large body of data emanates from in vitro and cell culture studies with apoA-I, few animal and lesser clinical trials examining the potential of this apolipoprotein to induce cholesterol (and other lipid) efflux exist. Lessons may be learned from studies with other lipid acceptors such as phospholipid vesicles (PLVs, liposomes) and cyclodextrins (CDs). Additionally, the combination of apoA-I with other effluxing agents, alteration of the composition of the lipoprotein, or a remodeling of the protein structure of the apolipoprotein to be administered in vivo may result in increased efficacy. The usage of this apolipoprotein in a therapeutic context has to follow the conventional sequence of events: an evaluation of the biodistribution, safety, and dose-response of the protein in animal trials before clinical trials. The review also considers the potential of cyclodextrins and PLVs to induce reverse cholesterol transport in vivo and discusses the potential of CDs as delivery agents for genetic constructs, such as plasmids and oligonucleotides.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Type of syringe for giving paraldehyde injection.
- Author
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Dass CR
- Subjects
- Child, Child, Preschool, Disposable Equipment, Emergencies, Equipment Failure, Humans, Injections, Intramuscular, Plastics chemistry, Risk Assessment, Status Epilepticus drug therapy, Syringes adverse effects, Anticonvulsants administration & dosage, Paraldehyde administration & dosage, Syringes standards
- Published
- 2000
28. A microsphere-liposome (microplex) vector for targeted gene therapy of cancer. II. In vivo biodistribution study in a solid tumor model.
- Author
-
Dass CR, Walker TL, Kalle WH, and Burton MA
- Subjects
- Animals, Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase biosynthesis, Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase genetics, Cytomegalovirus genetics, Drug Carriers, Genes, Reporter, Genetic Vectors administration & dosage, Genetic Vectors chemistry, Kidney Neoplasms chemistry, Kidney Neoplasms enzymology, Liposomes, Microspheres, Neoplasms enzymology, Plasmids, Rats, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tissue Distribution, Gene Targeting methods, Genetic Therapy methods, Genetic Vectors pharmacokinetics, Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Cationic liposomes are commonly used for transfection of plasmids into mammalian cells, while microspheres have been traditionally used for selective delivery of anticancer agents into tumor vasculature. We have developed a novel vector, comprised of cationic liposomes electrostatically bound to ion-exchange microspheres (termed 'microplex') for targeted gene therapy of solid tumors. The delivery modes tested in a rat solid tumor model were free plasmids, plasmids bound to microspheres, to liposomes, or to the combination vector. The greatest amount of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene expression in tumors was achieved using the microplex vector; 3.4-fold compared with free, and 1.8-fold compared with both microspherical and liposomal deliveries (p < 0.01). Tumor-to-normal kidney tissue CAT expression ratios were as follows: free 1.9:1; microspherical 3.7:1; liposomal 1.4:1 and microplexical 2.7:1. Expression between the two types of tissues was significantly different (p < 0.01) for all delivery modes. Microspheres targeted the plasmids to the tumors, while the action of cationic liposomes on cellular membranes allowed more plasmids to breach the cell membrane. This study has proven that the novel microplex vector is capable of selective delivery of genes to tumors and has the potential to target genes in clinical trials.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Lipoplexes and tumours. A review.
- Author
-
Dass CR and Burton MA
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Neoplasms genetics, Genetic Therapy methods, Liposomes, Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
The need for genotherapy to refocus its attention on to laboratory evaluation of better methods rather than proceeding to the clinic with semi-apt tools for genetic transfer has been highlighted in clinical study reports documented to date. Quintessential for tumour genotherapy is the ability to target abnormal cells, hence reducing exposure of normal cells to genetic material whilst maximizing gene dosage to tumour cells. This becomes increasingly important as genotherapy establishes itself in the clinic alongside the older modes of treatment. This review has discussed the applicability of lipoplexes for genotherapy of solid tumours. Lipoplexes have been used extensively for gene transfer into cells, such as cancerous cells, deficient for a certain gene product. While cationic liposomes have many advantages over other forms of delivery mechanisms, several problems hinder their use in-vivo. A closer examination of the physical limitations of current lipoplex preparations, the development and testing of novel formulations, combined with more attention to the cellular processes of cell membrane breaching and nuclear entry, may enhance gene delivery. Essential for tumour genotherapy is the ability to target these lipoplexes into tumour sites whilst reducing gene dosage to other normal tissues. Development of a better lipofection agent may indeed require a collaboration of the fields of physiology, cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, chemistry and membrane physics.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Enhanced anticancer therapy mediated by specialized liposomes.
- Author
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Dass CR, Walker TL, Burton MA, and Decruz EE
- Subjects
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacokinetics, Drug Carriers, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents administration & dosage, Liposomes chemistry
- Abstract
It has been a central aim of experimental and clinical therapeutics to deliver therapeutic agents as close as possible to, or if possible within, a diseased cell. Such targeting achieves two major aims of drug delivery, the maximum dose of therapeutic agent to the diseased cell and avoidance of uptake by and, usually, accompanying side-effects to normal, healthy cells. Conventional liposomes, originally used for studies in membrane biophysics and biochemistry, have been used in therapy for the past two decades. However, when applied to deliver drugs into cells, conventional liposomes proved inefficient and so novel unconventional or specialized liposomes are constantly being prepared to enhance cell-specific delivery in-vivo. One possible way of achieving better targeting is combination of the positive attributes of more than one specialized type of liposome into one vesicle. Although a limited number of studies has examined the combined effect of such dual-specialty liposomes, more studies are warranted using appropriate models. Liposomes are composed of one, a few, or many concentric bilayer membranes which alternate with aqueous spaces. The drugs are encapsulated within the aqueous internal volume if they are hydrophilic or in the lipid bilayers if they are hydrophobic (Kim 1993). Liposomes range in size from 25 nm to more than 20 microns (Sugarman & Perez-Soler 1992). Depending on their solubility and method of formulation antimicrobial, cytotoxic and other conventional drugs, hormones, antigens, enzymes, genetic material, viruses and bacteria can be incorporated in either the aqueous or hydrophobic phase. This review discusses the types and characteristics of non-conventional liposomes used in various modes of cancer therapy, mainly chemotherapy and gene therapy. It concludes with suggestions on improving these novel liposomal to effect better targeting to cancer cells.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Tumor Gene Targeting Using Microspheres: Cell Culture and in vivo Studies.
- Author
-
Dass CR, Decruz EE, Walker TL, and Burton MA
- Abstract
In a previous study, Dass et al. (Pharm. Sci. 2:401-405, 1996), it was shown that 1 mg of two types of ion-exchange microspheres was capable of binding and releasing plasmids in a continuous-flow system to the order of 10(11) copies in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C. However, the functionality of the plasmids was not evaluated. In this study, one of the plasmids, pCMV-CAT, was bound to both microspheres and the functionality of the biomol-ecule was examined in cell culture and in vivo transfection studies. Rat tumor cells incubated with the hydroxyapatite (HA) plasmids were transfected 5.4-fold better than when incubated with free plasmids and 56.0-fold better than polystyrene divinylbenzene (PDB) microspheres. Cells incubated with PDB microspheres were transfected 10.4-fold less than cells incubated with free plasmids. However, HA microspheres were highly cytotoxic to the cells whereas PDB spheres had no effect on cell numbers compared with control cells. Based on expression levels of delivered plasmids in the in vivo study, delivery on microspheres to kidneys was 2.7-fold better than plasmids delivered free. Microspherical delivery of plasmids to tumors was 1.6-fold better than free delivery. However, these results were not significantly different (p >. 05). The tumor/normal tissue ratio of gene expression was 4.5:1 for free delivery and 2.6-fold when delivered on microspheres. Although the difference between deliveries in the two tissues was significant (p > 0.005) for free delivery, it was not so for micro-spherical delivery. Expression of the CAT gene was not noted in either liver or spleen of any of the animals. This present study has proved that ion-exchange microspheres have no detrimental effect on released plasmid DNA expression. In an in vivo setting, resistance to enzymatic degradation of plasmids that are bound to microspheres and subsequent release of plasmids once embolization has occurred in the tumor vascular bed effected better transfection than delivery of free plasmids.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The basis for somatic gene therapy of cancer.
- Author
-
DeCruz EE, Walker TL, Dass CR, and Burton MA
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms, Experimental genetics, Neoplasms, Experimental therapy, Genetic Therapy, Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
A decade of advances in understanding of the molecular basis of sporadic and familial cancers has combined with developments in mammalian gene transfer technology to stimulate intensive research into the potential applications of somatic gene therapy for cancer. Somatic gene immunotherapy is already in progress to stimulate and direct the natural targeting capabilities of the immune system against the threat of disseminated residual disease. The association of a plethora of mutated tumor suppressor genes (p53, p16 BRCA1, BRCA2) with diverse cancers has also highlighted the potential of somatic gene therapy with wild-type versions of suppressor genes as an anti-cancer therapeutic modality either in its own right or in synergistic association with traditional anti-cancer therapies. The methodologies for gene transfer technology range from direct intravenous injection of naked modified DNAs to intravenous injection of liposome-encapsulated DNAs or microsphere-bound DNAs. Recombinant retroviral and adenoviral vectors have natural transfection capabilities and display tropism for particular tissues that are of selective advantage against particular cancers. Liposomes display very high efficiencies of gene transfer with the advantages of successful transfer to a wide range of tissue types but their widespread systemic distribution offers problems in relation to selective targeting of tumor cells. The challenges to current gene transfer processes are much the same as that of other anti-cancer therapies: achieving selective targeting of cancer cells whilst optimizing dosages and minimizing the risk of collateral damage to healthy tissues.
- Published
- 1996
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