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In the current study, we evaluated the impacts of organic and chemical fertilizers as well as the foliar application of growth regulators on quantitative traits and seed oil content of safflower grown in northwestern Iran. The experiment was done as a split-plot (3 × 5), and the main plot was assigned to different fertilizers, including organic fertilizer (FYM: farmyard manure 20 t ha-1 ), full chemical fertilizer (FCF) and no fertilization "control" (NF). The sub-plots were allocated to foliar spray treatments, which included control (no-spray application; S0), choline (S1), chitosan (S2) and salicylic acid (S3). The results showed that the application of fertilizers significantly affected the oil and protein content of the seed. However, the effect of FYM was more prominent than FCF on oil qualitative characteristics. A significant positive correlation was observed between oil content, protein content, and some fatty acid composition such as oleic acid, arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid. The highest values of the previously mentioned traits were obtained using FYMS1, FCFS1 and FYMS3. This trend was also clearly obvious in the content of linoleic acid as the main fatty acid in safflower oil. Among the foliar spraying treatments, the most improving effect was obtained with the use of choline. In conclusion, improving soil conditions through the application of FYM and appropriate amounts of chemical fertilizers is one of the most important agronomic management measures to improve the oil quality of safflower seeds.

People generally seek a better life, so most of them migrate to countries and places that help them improve their standard of living or escape from political turmoil and wars. Still, migration may constitute a set of effects on migrants and the countries to which they go. Migration affects some individuals by making it difficult for them to adapt to the nature of life in the new region, especially with the emergence of cultural and social differences, and also many immigrants do not find anything but difficult jobs that take long working hours and low wages complex migration affects countries with high population density, which leads to an increase in the unemployment rate poverty and the emergence of many political and economic consequence. This study seeks many factors and reasons that lead to immigration from the southern and capital of Iraq to Erbil city. The researchers built his information by ddistributing200 questioner and obtained 186 Usable with ignoring 14 nonusable. The result observed that there is no significant correlation between the independent variable (internal migration) and the dependent variable (economic geography), depending on the value of the statistical significance (0.05), whose value was more significant than the level of significance (0.05), and this indicates that internal migration has nothing to do with the changes taking place in economic geography.

Background: Trochanteric bursitis is an inflammation of the greater trochanteric bursa which is a recurrent source of lateral hip pain. Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of 6 clinical tests that can be used to diagnose trochanteric bursitis and utilize ultrasound as an imaging modality to confirm the diagnosis. Patients and Methods: This Cross-sectional study included 85 consecutive patients who had been experienced lateral hip pain in the greater trochanteric area for at least 6 weeks with at least one of the following features: pain on lying on the affected side, pain while climbing stairs or when sitting. Six clinical tests on examination that elicit pressure on the greater trochanteric region were performed to evaluate their value to diagnose trochanteric bursitis and then ultrasound was utilized to confirm the diagnosis. Results: A total of 85 participants were enrolled in the study. Tenderness to deep palpation was the most accurate sign in predicting the diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 81.8%. There were no significant differences between its results and the ultra-sonographic findings (p=0.500). Regarding the other tests, there were significant differences between their results and the results of ultrasound (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Tenderness to deep palpation of the greater trochanter, combined with ultrasound imaging modality, is likely to have the best diagnostic value for evaluation of trochanteric bursitis in patients complaining of lateral hip pain around the greater trochanter region.

Ensieh Ghasemian Lemraski,1 Hossein Jahangirian,2 Maryam Dashti,1 Elaheh Khajehali,3 Soheila Sharafinia,4 Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam,2 Thomas J Webster2 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran; 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; 3Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran; 4Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranCorrespondence: Ensieh Ghasemian Lemraski; Hossein Jahangirian Email e.ghasemian@ilam.ac.ir; kamran.jahangirian@gmail.comPurpose: Today, the development of wounds and their side effects has become a problematic issue in medical science research. Hydrogel-based dressings are some of the best candidates for this purpose due to their ability to keep the wound bed clean, as well as provide proper moisture, tissue compatibility and an antimicrobial effect for wound healing. On the other hand, copper and its compounds have been used experimentally for many years in studies as an antimicrobial substance. Various studies have been performed determining the antimicrobial properties of this element, during which significant effects on infection have been shown.Methods: Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/copper nanofibers were successfully prepared by incorporating Cu onto a polymer electrospun using an electrospinning technique. A double-layer nanofiber composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan incorporated with Cu nanoparticles as a protective layer and a second layer composed of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers which was adjacent to the damaged cells was prepared. The prepared nanofiber was characterized by TGA, FT-IR, TEM, SEM-EDS, and X-ray powder diffraction. The antimicrobial efficiency of the nanofibers was demonstrated through biological tests on some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the prepared hydrogel formulations were prepared to evaluate their effect on the healing process of rat open wounds.Results: In this study, data from SEM, TEM, EDS, and XRD confirmed the formation of uniform fibers with nanodiameters and the presence of Cu nanoparticles onto the electrospun nanofibers. The antibacterial activity of copper was observed against all of the selected bacteria, but the Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive compared to Gram-negative bacteria.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the hydrogel wound dressing prepared in this research can be effective in caring for open wounds in the early stages of wound healing and preventing the occurrence of prolonged open wounds.Keywords: antimicrobial, healing, hydrogel, copper, nanofiber, chitosan

A global network of journalistic networks has transformed investigative journalism over the past two decades, adding layers of collaboration to what was previously an individual pursuit. A recent case of collaborative investigative reporting at its best was a worldwide effort to reveal breaches of tax haven information, through the Panama Papers (2016). As a result of these remarkable accomplishments, study on multi countries partnership is rising. However, it's still unclear how this combining of facilities, connections and time has influenced day-to-day operation. Newsrooms in developing and heritage newsrooms are navigating their patterns and duties while creating new investigative journalistic practices. The Guardian, a mainstream media firm that has worked at both the domestic and international levels, and Bureau Local, a society/neighborhood journalism co-op, are all given as examples. These actors use a language of justification to explain the differences between the old and the new. While "new" ideas become more common with time, notions like cooperation are also becoming element of decision making process, and information and information development take place within the conventional context of reporting.

Negar Firouzabadi,1– 3 Maryam Dashti,1 Ali Dehshahri,4 Ehsan Bahramali5 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 2Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 3Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 5Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Negar FirouzabadiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranTel +98-917-314-5303Fax +98-713-2424128Email nfirouzabadi@yahoo.comObjective: The IL-33/ST2 pathway plays a fundamental role in the cardiovascular system and can be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular diseases. ST2, as an interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family member, has transmembrane (ST2L) and soluble (sST2) isoforms. sST2 neutralizes IL-33 and thereby inhibits the cardioprotective role of IL-33/ST2L signaling pathway. Increase in sST2 level is associated with weak cardiac output and can be a predictor of mortality in heart failure (HF). Thereby, we hypothesized that there may be a relationship between the cardioprotective effects of carvedilol and sST2 and IL-3 in HF patients.Methods: sST2 and IL-33 were measured in serum of 66 individuals; 22 healthy volunteers and 44 suffering from HF; among whom 25 patients received carvedilol and the other 19 patients did not receive any β-blockers.Results: Lack of association between serum levels of IL-33 and sST2 was observed between HF patients and healthy individuals (2.4466 ± 0.69 vs 2.6748 ± 0.33 and 3416.6 ± 1089.1 vs 2971.6 ± 792.5, respectively). Our results indicated no significant difference between sST2 and IL-33 levels in HF patients who did not receive beta-blockers and patients receiving carvedilol (P=0.59 and P=0.97).Conclusion: Our results showed a lack of association between serum levels of IL-33 and sST2 and HF. Moreover, the results do not confirm the cardioprotective mechanism of carvedilol by means of IL-33/sST2 pathway.Keywords: heart failure, IL-33, sST2, carvedilol, β-blocker, biomarker

Mahnaz Mohammadi Kian, 1, 2 Mahdieh Salemi, 1, 2 Mohammad Bahadoran, 3 Atousa Haghi, 1, 4 Nasrin Dashti, 5 Saeed Mohammadi, 1, 2 Shahrbano Rostami, 1, 2 Bahram Chahardouli, 1, 2 Davood Babakhani, 1 Mohsen Nikbakht 1, 2 1Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; 4Young Researchers & Elite Club Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; 5Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Mohsen NikbakhtHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTel +982184902639Fax +982188004140Email m-nikbakht@sina.tums.ac.irNasrin DashtiDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTel +989123583690Email dashti@tums.ac.irIntroduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood disorder that exhibits uncontrolled growth and reduced ability to undergo apoptosis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a family member of transcription factors which promotes carcinogenesis in most human cancers. This effect on AML is accomplished through deregulation of several critical genes, such as B cell lymphoma-extra-large (BCL-XL) which is anti-apoptotic protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin (CUR) and thalidomide (THAL) on apoptosis induction and also the alteration of the mRNA expression level of STAT3 and BCL-XL mRNA on AML cell line compounds.Methods: The growth inhibitory effects of CUR and THAL and their combination were measured by MTT assay in U937 and KG-1 cell lines. The rates of apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis were measured by concurrent staining with Annexin V and PI. The mRNA expression level of STAT3 and BCL-XL was evaluated by Real-Time PCR.Results: CUR inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in both KG-1 and U937 cells and this effect increased by combination with THAL. The expression level of STAT3 and BCL-XL was significantly down-regulated in KG-1 cells after treatment by CUR and THAL and their combination.Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggested that down-regulation of STAT3 and BCL-XL mRNA expression in response to CUR and THAL treatment lead to inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis.Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia, curcumin, thalidomide, STAT3, Bcl-xL

An important tool in the field of topological data analysis is persistent homology (PH), which is used to encode abstract representations of the homology of data at different resolutions in the form of persistence barcode (PB). Normally, one will obtain one PB from a digital image when using a sublevel-set filtration method. In this work, we built more than one PB representation of a single image based on a landmark selection method, known as local binary patterns (LBP), which encode different types of local texture from a digital image. Starting from the top-left corner of any 3-by-3 patch selected from an input image, the LBP process starts by subtracting the central pixel value from its eight neighboring pixel values. Then, each cell is assigned with 1 if the subtraction outcome is positive, and 0 otherwise, to obtain an 8-bit binary representation. This process will identify a set of landmark pixels to represent 0-simplices and use Vietoris–Rips filtration to obtain its corresponding PB. Using LBP, we can construct up to 56 PBs from a single image if we restrict to only using the binary codes that have two circular transitions between 1 and 0. The information within these 56 PBs contain detailed local and global topological and geometrical information, which can be used to design effective machine learning models. We used four different PB vectorizations, namely, persistence landscapes, persistence images, Betti curves (barcode binning), and PB statistics. We tested the effectiveness of the proposed landmark-based PH on two publicly available breast abnormality detection datasets using mammogram scans. The sensitivity and specificity of the landmark-based PH obtained was over 90% and 85%, respectively, in both datasets for the detection of abnormal breast scans. Finally, the experimental results provide new insights on using different PB vectorizations with sublevel set filtrations and landmark-based Vietoris–Rips filtration from digital mammogram scans.

Background and objective: Compounds having imine or azomethine (–C=N–) functional group are known as Schiff bases. Schiff bases compounds are found to be an active pharmacophore for the design and development of various bioactive lead compounds. In this study, several new Schiff base compounds have been synthesized and characterized. Methods: Williamson ether synthesis process has been used to synthesize -alkyloxy and substituted benzyloxy of benzaldehyde. Differently substituted ether benzaldehydes used to react with 4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one in one hand and 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine on the other hand to produce Schiff base compounds. Results: Synthesized ether derivative compounds (3a-e) were converted to new series of Schiff bases (4a-e and 5a-e) by condensation of equal molar amounts of compounds (3a-e) with different heterocyclic amines dissolved in absolute ethanol. All synthesized compounds were confirmed by (IR, 1H-NMR, and 13CNMR) spectroscopy. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities in vitro against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: All compounds were purely synthesized, and all compounds were indicated growth inhibition against Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively with different inhibition zones staring from 13 to 33 mm.

Background and Aim: Sperm cryopreservation is a common technique used for management of male infertility. But this method has detrimental effects on sperm DNA and chromatin quality. Evaluation of different markers associated with the health of genetic material of sperm is beneficial for determination of the fertility of sperm. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sperm chromatin condensation on frozen-thawed sperm DNA integrity in normozoospermic men. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 semen samples from normozospermia men were cryopreserved for two weeks with a common technique used in most infertility centers, at -196 ° C and then thawed. Samples before and after freezing were evaluated for abnormal chromatin condensation, DNA denaturation and DNA fragmentation by toluidine blue (TB) staining, acridine orange (AO) staining and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test respectively. Results: Before freezing, we found a significant correlation only between abnormal chromatin condensation (evaluated by TB) and DNA denaturation (assessed by AO) (p < 0.05). While after cryopreservation correlation was found between abnormal chromatin condensation and DNA denaturation and fragmentation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Abnormal chromatin condensation can make DNA susceptible to denaturation and fragmentation.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to measure the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) after repeated-sprint activity (RSA), as the indicators of physiological oxidative stress response, followed by cold water immersion (CWI). Materials and Methods: Twenty trained men were assigned to take part in this study. After performing repeated-sprint activity, 10 participants immersed in the cold water (14°C), and 10 participants passively sat on a chair at room temperature. Blood sampling was performed before and after repeated-sprint activity, after cold water immersion or passive rest, and after 24 hours. Result: The repeated-sprint activity increased the serum levels of protein carbonyl (t = 3.97, P = 0.001) and malondialdehyde (t = 9.54, P < 0.001). Cold water immersion had a significant effect on serum protein carbonyl levels after repetitive activities; and the results of mean differences indicated a significant reduction immediately (5.92) and 24 hours after recovery (12.93), compared to before recovery. Moreover, the results indicated a significant reduction in protein carbonyl 24 hours after recovery (7.01), compared to immediately after recovery. However, the results of repeated measures analysis of variance on the measurement stages showed that only the time effect (P < 0.001) was significant; but the group effect (P = 0.572), and the interaction of the measurement steps with the group (P = 0.915) were not significant. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that repeated-sprint activity resulted in increased oxidative stress, but cold water immersion did not have more impact than passive rest.

Background: The incidence of thyroid disorders is more prevalent in type 1 diabetes compared to type 2 diabetes, due to associated autoimmune disorders. Physiological and biochemical interconnection between type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disease is now stimulating subject of study. Objectives: The objective was to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetic Kurdish females and to explore the correlation between metabolic syndrome components and autoimmune thyroid abnormality. Materials and Methods: The study included 60 type 2 diabetic Kurdish females and 30 sex- and age-matched controls. All patients in the study were exposed to anthropometric characteristics, including HbA1c, lipid profile, serum uric acid, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg). Results: Primary hypothyroidism was found in 24 (40%) diabetic patients (5.67 ± 3.35 μIU/mL) versus three (10%) controls (1.76 ± 1.19 μIU/mL) (P < 0.001). Anti-TPO was found in 66.7% (367.21 ± 234.53) of diabetic patients versus 10% (31.78 ± 32.14) of controls (P > 0.001). Anti-Tg was found in 60% (499.98 ± 358.14) of diabetic patients versus 0 (53.27 ± 36.23) controls (P > 0.001). A significant positive relationship was estimated between both TPO antibodies and Tg antibodies and TSH (P = 0.05 and P = 0.001, respectively) in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroid disorder is more prevalent in Kurdish women with type 2 diabetes than nondiabetic women, and thus points to a role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Background The accuracy of spelling in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is a critical factor for efficient clinical care, research, and ensuring patient safety. The Persian language, with its abundant vocabulary and complex characteristics, poses unique challenges for real-word error correction. This research aimed to develop an innovative approach for detecting and correcting spelling errors in Persian clinical text. Methods Our strategy employs a state-of-the-art pre-trained model that has been meticulously fine-tuned specifically for the task of spelling correction in the Persian clinical domain. This model is complemented by an innovative orthographic similarity matching algorithm, PERTO, which uses visual similarity of characters for ranking correction candidates. Results The evaluation of our approach demonstrated its robustness and precision in detecting and rectifying word errors in Persian clinical text. In terms of non-word error correction, our model achieved an F1-Score of 90.0% when the PERTO algorithm was employed. For real-word error detection, our model demonstrated its highest performance, achieving an F1-Score of 90.6%. Furthermore, the model reached its highest F1-Score of 91.5% for real-word error correction when the PERTO algorithm was employed. Conclusions Despite certain limitations, our method represents a substantial advancement in the field of spelling error detection and correction for Persian clinical text. By effectively addressing the unique challenges posed by the Persian language, our approach paves the way for more accurate and efficient clinical documentation, contributing to improved patient care and safety. Future research could explore its use in other areas of the Persian medical domain, enhancing its impact and utility.

Sex-biased psychophysiology, behavior, brain function, and conditions are extensive, yet underlying structural brain mechanisms remain unclear. There is contradicting evidence regarding sexual dimorphism when it comes to brain structure, and there is still no consensus on whether or not there exists such a dimorphism for brain white matter. Therefore, we conducted a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis along with global volume analysis for white matter across sex. We analyzed 384 T1-weighted MRI brain images (192 male, 192 female) to investigate any differences in white matter (WM) between males and females. In the VBM analysis, we found males to have larger WM, compared to females, in occipital, temporal, insular, parietal, and frontal brain regions. In contrast, females showed only one WM region to be significantly larger than males: the right postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe region. Although, on average, males showed larger global WM volume, we did not find any significant difference in global WM volume between males and females.

Mediterranean semi-arid regions in northwestern Iran receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration and are characterised by excessive heat and terminal drought stress. Exogenous application of some nanoparticles and growth regulators appears to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stress and improve plant performance. In the present paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA), glycine betaine (GB), ascorbic acid (AA), nano-silica (nSiO2) and nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) suspensions on growth and yield components of sunflower (cv. Azargol) in the semi-arid highland region of Maragheh, Iran. Plants were grown under rain-fed conditions with supplemental irrigation applied three times during the reproductive growth stages of growth. The results revealed that foliar application of SA considerably improved head diameter, chlorophyll content of plant leaves, and days to flowering, while it delayed physiological maturity for a fairly long time. Evaluation of the achene yield component indicated that application of GB significantly increased the weight of achenes when compared with other treatments. The percentage of empty achenes was considerably affected by treatments, the lowest percentage of hollow achenes being recorded for plants sprayed with GB, followed by ones sprayed with AA and nTiO2. The percentage of oil in sunflower achenes was substantially increased by foliar application of nano particles, the highest oil percentage being recorded in plants treated with nTiO2. The results also showed that the highest number of achenes per head, greatest kernel weight, and largest achene size were obtained by spraying with nanoparticle suspensions. Although all treatments improved the achene yield, the effect of nTiO2 was most prominent. The results of the present experiment support the conclusion that foliar application of nanoparticles may alleviate adverse environmental factors and improve the performance of plants in semi-arid regions.

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide with low survival rates and poor outcomes. The treatment landscape for PC is fraught with obstacles, including drug resistance, lack of effective targeted therapies and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The resistance of PC to existing immunotherapies highlights the need for innovative approaches, with the TME emerging as a promising therapeutic target. The recent advancements in understanding the role of macrophages, this context highlight their significant impact on tumor development and progression. There are two important types of macrophages: M1 and M2, which play critical roles in the TME. Therapeutics strategies including, depletion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), reprogramming TAMs to promote anti-tumor activity, and targeting macrophage recruitment can lead to promising outcomes. Targeting macrophage-related pathways may offer novel strategies for modulating immune responses, inhibiting angiogenesis, and overcoming resistance to chemotherapy in PC treatment.

Abstract Background and Objectives Zygomycosis, a severe form of fungal infection, is classified into two categories: Mucorales and Entomophthorales. Within the Entomophthorales category, Basidiobolomycosis is a rarely recognized genus that can have significant health implications. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, which includes the use of antifungal medication and surgical procedures, are vital for enhancing the prognosis of patients. The objective of this study is to investigate the response to treatment in patients hospitalized due to basidiobolomycosis. Methods We carried out a retrospective study, in which we analyzed data from 49 patients who were diagnosed with Entomophthorale, Zygomycosis, and Basidiobolomycosis at Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, between the years 1997 and 2019. The data included parameters such as demographic information, clinical symptoms, imaging findings, treatment methods, and patient outcomes. Results Out of 49 patients, 24 children, predominantly male (83.3%), were definitively diagnosed with basidiobolomycosis. The ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 16 years, with an average of 5.75 years. The most frequently observed clinical manifestations included abdominal pain (70.8%), fever (54.2%), hematochezia (41.7%), vomiting (20.8%), and anorexia (16.7%). Half of the patients exhibited failure to thrive (FTT), while abdominal distension was present in 25% of the cases, and a palpable abdominal mass was found in 37% of the patients. The primary treatment strategy incorporated surgical interventions complemented by a comprehensive antifungal regimen. This regimen included medications such as amphotericin B, cotrimoxazole, itraconazole, potassium iodide, and voriconazole. These were mainly administered in a combination therapy pattern or as a monotherapy of amphotericin B. Twenty-two patients were discharged, while two patients died due to complications from the disease. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the prevailing treatment modalities generally involve surgical intervention supplemented by antifungal regimens, including Amphotericin B, Cotrimoxazole, Potassium Iodide, and Itraconazole.