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Arthritis is a significant health concern affecting over 528 million people globally, reducing quality of life. The chronic nature of arthritis, coupled with insufficient therapeutic effectiveness, recurrence, and adverse side effects, complicates its management. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as a promising solution due to its biocompatibility, non‐toxicity, and targeted drug delivery capabilities, being a key component of the cartilage extracellular matrix widely used in managing arthritis. HA's inherent viscoelastic property and ability to target CD44 have spurred interest in developing HA‐based systems for delivering drugs to manage arthritis. Hyaluronic acid nanoscaffolds (HA‐NSCfs) show improved outcomes over treatments, including enhanced drug uptake through receptor‐mediated targeting, prolonged retention in the synovium, reduced proinflammatory mediator expression, enhanced cartilage regeneration, reduced drug toxicity due to sustained release, and more cost‐effective treatments. This review highlights the rationale for using HA‐NSCfs for the management and advanced drug delivery systems in arthritis, emphasizing preclinical and clinical results. It discusses various solid‐lipid nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, polyelectrolyte complexes, liposomes, bilosomes, drug‐polymer conjugates, hydrogels, inorganic nanoparticles, and polymer nanoparticles, etc reported for arthritis management. Additionally, the review identifies key challenges and offers suggestions to address them, ultimately highlighting the potential of HA‐NSCfs as a topical treatment for arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) are useful for targeting specific tissues and pathogenic bacteria, which has attracted many researchers to their green manufacture and applications. METHODS: In the current study, Myristica fragrans aqueous seed extracts were used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) was used to generate useful zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Different methods were used to characterize the ZnO-NPs, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental dispersion analysis of X-rays (EDX) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Viable cell count and the broth-based turbidometry method were used to assess the antibacterial efficacy of green synthesized ZnO-NPs against three Gram-negative and two Gram-positive pathogens. RESULTS : The results of both the assay showed that the Zn nanoparticle from M. fragrans has significant highest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, the study suggests that Zn-NPs have potent antibacterial action and could be developed as a new class of antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infections, particularly those that are resistant to several drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have developed a novel non-cytotoxic Bi2S3/β-Bi2O3/ZnIn2S4 ternary nanocomposite using a mild in situ reflux method for multimodal applications in the fields of waste water remediation, H2 energy production and microbial disinfection. Initially, the metastable β-Bi2O3 phase with nanoplate morphology was synthesized by thermal decomposition of Bi2O2CO3. The co-assembly of Bi2S3 and ZnIn2S4 with β-Bi2O3 is achieved by a tailor made in situ reflux route using thioacetamide as the sulfur source. Comprehensive characterization of the ternary composite revealed close microscopic contact between the semiconductors, fast electron channelization, enhanced charge carrier separation and a prolonged life time (11.25 ns) of the excited state. The ternary composite exhibits excellent visible light assisted photocatalytic activity for aqueous phase tetracycline (TCN) degradation and Cr(VI) reduction achieving 96.3% (Kapp = 0.0868 min−1) and 93.7% (Kapp = 0.2236 min−1) removal in a short reaction span of 40 min and 12 min, respectively. The ternary composite also afforded a H2 generation rate of 2243 μmol h−1 g−1 with an apparent conversion efficiency of 14.3%. A bacterial inactivation study conducted using Enterobacter cloacae suggested good visible light assisted bacterial degradation activity of the coupled semiconductor system. The MTT assay study confirms the non-cytotoxic nature of the photocatalyst as well as the treated TCN and Cr(VI) solutions. A synergistic dual Z-scheme electron migration mechanism is deduced from radical trapping experiments and the ESR study which accounts for the excellent photocatalytic activity of the ternary composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]