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The cyclomatic number of a graph G (is denoted by ν) is the minimum number of edges of G whose removal makes G as acyclic. Denote by Gn,ν the collection of all n-vertex connected graphs with cyclomatic number ν. The elements of Gn,ν with maximum second Zagreb (M2) index (for ν ≤ 4 and ν = k(k-3) 2+1, where 4 ≤ k ≤ n-2) and with minimum M2 index (for ν ≤ 2) have already been reported in the literature. The main contribution of the present article is the characterization of graphs in the collection Gn,ν with minimum M2 index for ν ≥ 3 and n ≥ 2(ν - 1). The obtained extremal graphs, are molecular graphs and thereby, also minimize M2 index among all the connected molecular n-vertex graphs with cyclomatic number ν ≥ 3, where n ≥ 2(ν-1). For n ≥ 6, the graph having maximum M2 value in the collection Gn,5 has also been characterized and thereby a conjecture posed by Xu et al. [MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 72 (2014) 641-654] is confirmed for ν = 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let ρ 1 ≥ ρ 2 ≥ ⋯ ≥ ρ n − 1 ≥ ρ n = 0 be the normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of a graph G with n vertices. Also, let χ and α be the chromatic number and the independence number of a graph G, respectively. In this paper, we discuss some properties of graphs with ρ 1 = χ / (χ − 1). In particular, we characterize all the graphs with ρ 1 = χ / (χ − 1) when the maximum degree is n−1. Moreover, we obtain an upper bound on the multiplicity of normalized Laplacian eigenvalues m G (ρ) in terms of n and α, and also characterize graphs for which the bound is attained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let , and be, respectively, the distance matrix, the distance Laplacian matrix and the distance signless Laplacian matrix of graph G, where denotes the diagonal matrix of the vertex transmissions in G. The eigenvalues of and will be denoted by and , respectively. In this paper, we study the properties of the distance Laplacian eigenvalues and the distance signless Laplacian eigenvalues of graph G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In a network or a graph, the total communicability (TC) has been defined as the sum of the entries in the exponential of the adjacency matrix of the network. This quantity offers a good measure of how easily information spreads across the network, and can be useful in the design of networks having certain desirable properties. In this paper, we obtain some bounds for total communicability of a graph G , T C (G) , in terms of spectral radius of the adjacency matrix, number of vertices, number of edges, minimum degree and the maximum degree of G. Moreover, we find some upper bounds for T C (G) when G is the Cartesian product, tensor product or the strong product of two graphs. In addition, Nordhaus–Gaddum-type results for the total communicability of a graph G are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Let G = (V , E) be a simple graph of order n with normalized Laplacian eigenvalues ρ 1 ≥ ρ 2 ≥ ⋯ ≥ ρ n − 1 ≥ ρ n = 0. The normalized Laplacian spread of graph G , denoted by ρ 1 − ρ n − 1 , is the difference between the largest and the second smallest normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of graph G. In this paper, we obtain the first four smallest values on ρ 2 of graphs. Moreover, we give a lower bound on ρ 2 of connected bipartite graph G except the complete bipartite graph and characterize graphs for which the bound is attained. Finally, we present some bounds on the normalized Laplacian spread of graphs and characterize the extremal graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The atom-bond connectivity (A B C) index of a graph G = (V , E) is defined as A B C (G) = ∑ u v ∈ E (G) d u + d v − 2 d u d v , where d u , d v are the degrees of the vertices u and v in G , respectively. In this paper, we prove that among all n -vertex graphs with given chromatic number χ ≥ 3 , the Turán graph T n , χ is the unique graph having the maximum A B C index, which completely confirms a conjecture posed in Zhang et al. (2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = ( V , E ) be a simple graph of order n and size m , with vertex set V ( G ) = { v 1 , v 2 , … , v n } , without isolated vertices and sequence of vertex degrees Δ = d 1 ≥ d 2 ≥ ⋯ ≥ d n = δ > 0 , d i = d G ( v i ) . If the vertices v i and v j are adjacent, we denote it as v i v j ∈ E ( G ) or i ∼ j . With TI we denote a topological index that can be represented as T I = T I ( G ) = ∑ i ∼ j F ( d i , d j ) , where F is an appropriately chosen function with the property F ( x , y ) = F ( y , x ) . A general extended adjacency matrix A = ( a i j ) of G is defined as a i j = F ( d i , d j ) if the vertices v i and v j are adjacent, and a i j = 0 otherwise. Denote by f i , i = 1 , 2 , … , n the eigenvalues of A . The “energy” of the general extended adjacency matrix is defined as E T I = E T I ( G ) = ∑ i = 1 n | f i | . Lower and upper bounds on E T I are obtained. By means of the present approach a plethora of earlier established results can be obtained as special cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a connected graph of order n and size m with Laplacian eigenvalues μ 1 ≥ μ 2 ≥ ⋯ ≥ μ n = 0 . The Kirchhoff index of G , denoted by Kf , is defined as: K f = n ∑ i = 1 n − 1 1 μ i . The Laplacian-energy-like invariant ( L E L ) and the Laplacian energy ( L E ) of the graph G , are defined as: L E L = ∑ i = 1 n − 1 μ i and L E = ∑ i = 1 n | μ i − 2 m n | , respectively. We obtain two relations on LEL with Kf , and LE with Kf . For two classes of graphs, we prove that L E L > K f . Finally, we present an upper bound on the ratio L E / L E L and characterize the extremal graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a graph of order n . The energy E ( G ) of a simple graph G is the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. The Laplacian energy, the signless Laplacian energy and the distance energy of graph G are denoted by L E ( G ) , S L E ( G ) and D E ( G ) , respectively. In this paper we introduce a distance Laplacian energy D L E and distance signless Laplacian energy D S L E of a connected graph. We present Nordhaus–Gaddum type bounds on Laplacian energy L E ( G ) and signless Laplacian energy S L E ( G ) in terms of order n of graph G and characterize graphs for which these bounds are best possible. The complete graph and the star give the smallest distance signless Laplacian energy D S L E among all the graphs and trees of order n , respectively. We give lower bounds on distance Laplacian energy D L E in terms of n for graphs and trees, and characterize the extremal graphs. Also we obtain some relations between D E , D S L E and D L E of graph G . Moreover, we give several open problems in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a simple connected graph of order n with m edges. Denote by D ( G ) the diagonal matrix of its vertex degrees and by A ( G ) its adjacency matrix. Then the Laplacian matrix of graph G is L ( G ) = D ( G ) − A ( G ) . Among all eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix L ( G ) of graph G , the most studied is the second smallest, called the algebraic connectivity a ( G ) of a graph. Let d ‾ ( G ) and δ ( G ) be the average degree and the minimum degree of graph G , respectively. In this paper we characterize all graphs for which ( i ) a ( G ) = 1 with δ ( G ) ≥ ⌈ n − 1 2 ⌉ , and ( i i ) a ( G ) = 2 with δ ( G ) ≥ n 2 . In [1] , Aouchiche mentioned a conjecture involving the algebraic connectivity a ( G ) and the average degree d ‾ ( G ) of graph G : a ( G ) − d ‾ ( G ) ≥ 4 − n − 4 n with equality holding if and only if G ‾ ≅ K 1 , n − 2 ∪ K 1 ( K 1 , n − 2 is a star of order n − 1 and G ‾ is the complement of graph G ). Here we prove this conjecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let d ( u, v ) be the distance between u and v of graph G , and let W f ( G ) be the sum of f ( d ( u, v )) over all unordered pairs { u, v } of vertices of G , where f ( x ) is a function of x . In some literatures, W f ( G ) is also called the Q -index of G . In this paper, some unified properties to Q -indices are given, and the majorization theorem is illustrated to be a good tool to deal with the ordering problem of Q -index among trees with n vertices. With the application of our new results, we determine the four largest and three smallest (resp. four smallest and three largest) Q -indices of trees with n vertices for strictly decreasing (resp. increasing) nonnegative function f ( x ), and we also identify the twelve largest (resp. eighteen smallest) Harary indices of trees of order n  ≥ 22 (resp. n  ≥ 38) and the ten smallest hyper-Wiener indices of trees of order n  ≥ 18, which improve the corresponding main results of Xu (2012) and Liu and Liu (2010), respectively. Furthermore, we obtain some new relations involving Wiener index, hyper-Wiener index and Harary index, which gives partial answers to some problems raised in Xu (2012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G=(V,E) be a simple graph. Denote by D(G) the diagonal matrix of its vertex degrees and by A(G) its adjacency matrix. Then the Laplacian matrix and the signless Laplacian matrix of G are L(G)=D(G)-A(G) and Q(G)=D(G)+A(G), respectively. Also denote by λ1(G), a(G), q1(G) and δ(G) the largest eigenvalue of A(G), the second smallest eigenvalue of L(G), the largest eigenvalue of Q(G) and the minimum degree of G, respectively. In this paper, we give partial proofs to the following two conjectures: (i)Aouchiche (Comparaison Automatisée d’Invariants en Théorie des Graphes, 2006) if G is a connected graph, then a(G)/δ(G) is minimum for graph composed of 2 triangles linked with a path. (ii)Aouchiche et al. (Linear Algebra Appl 432:2293-2322, 2010) and Cvetković et al. (Publ Inst Math Beogr 81(95):11-27, 2007) if G is a connected graph with n≥4 vertices, then q1(G)-2λ1(G)≤n-2n-1 with equality holding if and only if G≅K1,n-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a graph with vertex set V and edge set E. Let di be the degree of the vertex vi of G. The inverse degree, Randić index, and harmonic index of G are defined as ID =Σvi∈V 1/di, R =Σvivj∈E 1/√di dj, and H = Σvivj∈E 2/(di + dj), respectively. We obtain relations between ID and R as well as between ID and H. Moreover, we prove that in the case of trees, ID > R and ID > H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = ( V , E ) be a simple graph of order n . The normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of graph G are denoted by ρ 1 ( G ) ≥ ρ 2 ( G ) ≥ ⋯ ≥ ρ n − 1 ( G ) ≥ ρ n ( G ) = 0 . Also let G and G ′ be two nonisomorphic graphs on n vertices. Define the distance between the normalized Laplacian spectra of G and G ′ as σ N ( G , G ′ ) = ∑ i = 1 n | ρ i ( G ) − ρ i ( G ′ ) | p , p ≥ 1 . Define the cospectrality of G by c s N ( G ) = min ⁡ { σ N ( G , G ′ ) : G ′ not isomorphic to G } . Let c s n N = max ⁡ { c s N ( G ) : G a graph on n vertices } . In this paper, we give an upper bound on c s N ( G ) in terms of the graph parameters. Moreover, we obtain an exact value of c s n N . An upper bound on the distance between the normalized Laplacian spectra of two graphs has been presented in terms of Randić energy. As an application, we determine the class of graphs, which are lying closer to the complete bipartite graph than to the complete graph regarding the distance of normalized Laplacian spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this note is to establish new spectral bounds for the harmonic matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Letdenote the class ofc-cyclic graphs withnvertices, girthandpendant vertices. In this paper, we determine the unique extremal graph with largest signless Laplacian spectral radius and Laplacian spectral radius in the class of connectedc-cyclic graphs withvertices, girthgand at mostpendant vertices, respectively, and the unique extremal graph with largest signless Laplacian spectral radius ofwhenand, and we also identify the unique extremal graph with largest Laplacian spectral radius inin the caseand eitherandgis even orandgis odd. Our results extends the corresponding results of [Sci. Sin. Math. 2010;40:1017–1024, Electron. J. Combin. 2011; 18:p.183, Comput. Math. Appl. 2010;59:376–381, Electron. J. Linear Algebra. 2011;22:378–388 and J. Math. Res. Appl. 2014;34:379–391]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kite graph Ki n ,  ω is a graph obtained from a clique K ω and a path P n − ω by adding an edge between a vertex from the clique and an endpoint from the path. In this note, we prove that K i n , n − 1 is determined by its signless Laplacian spectrum when n ≠ 5 and n ≥ 4, and K i n , n − 1 is also determined by its distance spectrum when n ≥ 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a graph of order n . For i = 1 , 2 , … , n , let d i be the degree of the vertex v i of G . The extended adjacency matrix A ex of G is defined so that its ( i, j )-entry is equal to 1 2 ( d i d j + d j d i ) if the vertices v i and v j are adjacent, and 0 otherwise,Yang et al. (1994). The spectral radius η 1 and the energy E e x of the A ex -matrix are examined. Lower and upper bounds on η 1 and E e x are obtained, and the respective extremal graphs characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the Laplacian and the signless Laplacian energy of connected unicyclic graphs, obtaining a tight upper bound for this class of graphs. We also find the connected unicyclic graph on n vertices having largest (signless) Laplacian energy for 3 ≤ n ≤ 13 . For n ≥ 11 , we conjecture that the graph consisting of a triangle together with n − 3 balanced distributed pendent vertices is the candidate having the maximum (signless) Laplacian energy among connected unicyclic graphs on n vertices. We prove this conjecture for many classes of graphs, depending on σ , the number of (signless) Laplacian eigenvalues bigger than or equal to 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a simple graph of order n with maximum degree Δ and minimum degree δ . Let ( d ) = ( d 1 , d 2 , … , d n ) and ( d ⁎ ) = ( d 1 ⁎ , d 2 ⁎ , … , d n ⁎ ) be the sequences of degrees and conjugate degrees of G . We define π = ∑ i = 1 n d i and π ⁎ = ∑ i = 1 n d i ⁎ , and prove that π ⁎ ≤ L E L ≤ I E ≤ π where LEL and IE are, respectively, the Laplacian-energy-like invariant and the incidence energy of G . Moreover, we prove that π − π ⁎ > ( δ / 2 ) ( n − Δ ) for a certain class of graphs. Finally, we compare the energy of G and π , and present an upper bound for the Laplacian energy in terms of degree sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a connected graph of order n with diameter d . Remoteness ρ of G is the maximum average distance from a vertex to all others and ∂ 1 ≥ ⋯ ≥ ∂ n are the distance eigenvalues of G . Aouchiche and Hansen (0000), Aouchiche and Hansen conjectured that ρ + ∂ 3 > 0 when d ≥ 3 and ρ + ∂ ⌊ 7 d 8 ⌋ > 0 . In this paper, we confirm these two conjectures. Furthermore, we give lower bounds on ∂ n + ρ and ∂ 1 − ρ when G ≇ K n and the extremal graphs are characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classical first and second Zagreb indices of a graph G are defined as M 1 ( G ) = ∑ v ∈ V d G ( v ) 2 and M 2 ( G ) = ∑ u v ∈ E ( G ) d G ( u ) d G ( v ) , where d G ( v ) is the degree of the vertex v of graph G . Recently, Furtula et al. (2014) studied the difference between the Zagreb indices and mentioned a problem to characterize the graphs for which M 1 ( G ) > M 2 ( G ) or M 1 ( G ) < M 2 ( G ) or M 1 ( G ) = M 2 ( G ) . In this paper we completely solve this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Zagreb eccentricity indices (E1 and E2) was introduced in the chemical graph theory very recently. The eccentric connectivity index (ξc) is a distance-based molecular structure descriptor that was used for mathematical modeling of biological activities of diverse nature. The second geometric-arithmetic index (GA2) was introduced in 2010, is found to be useful tool in QSPR and QSAR studies. In 2010 Graovac and Ghorbani introduced a distance-based analog of the atom-bond connectivity index, the Graovac-Ghorbani index (ABCGG), which yielded promising results when compared to analogous descriptors. In this note we prove that E1(T)>ξc(T) for chemical trees T. For connected graph G of order n with maximum degree Δ , it is proved that ξc(G)>E2(G) if Δ=n-1 and ξc(G)>E2(G) otherwise. Moreover, we show that GA2>ABCGGfor paths and some class of bipartite graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a graph of order n with m edges and clique number ω . Let μ 1 ≥ μ 2 ≥ … ≥ μ n = 0 be the Laplacian eigenvalues of G and let σ = σ ( G ) ( 1 ≤ σ ≤ n ) be the largest positive integer such that μ σ ≥ 2 m n . In this paper we study the relation between σ and ω . In particular, we provide the answer to Problem 2.3 raised in Pirzada and Ganie (2015) [15] . Moreover, we characterize all connected threshold graphs with σ < ω − 1 , σ = ω − 1 and σ > ω − 1 . We obtain Nordhaus–Gaddum-type results for σ . Some relations between σ with other graph invariants are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kirchhoff indexof a graphGis the sum of resistance distances between all unordered pairs of vertices, which was introduced by Klein and Randić. In this paper, we characterize all extremal graphs with respect to Kirchhoff index among all graphs obtained by deletingpedges from a complete graphwithand obtain a sharp upper bound on the Kirchhoff index of these graphs. In addition, all the graphs with the first to ninth maximal Kirchhoff indices are completely determined among all connected graphs of order. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The k-th power of a graph G, denoted by [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = ( V , E ) be a connected graph with vertex set V ( G ) = { v 1 , v 2 , … , v n } and edge set E ( G ) . The transmission Tr ( v i ) of vertex v i is defined to be the sum of distances from v i to all other vertices. Let Tr ( G ) be the n × n diagonal matrix with its ( i , i ) -entry equal to Tr G ( v i ) . The distance signless Laplacian is defined as D Q ( G ) = Tr ( G ) + D ( G ) , where D ( G ) is the distance matrix of G . Let ∂ 1 ( G ) ≥ ∂ 2 ( G ) ≥ ⋯ ≥ ∂ n ( G ) denote the eigenvalues of distance signless Laplacian matrix of G . In this paper, we first characterize all graphs with ∂ n ( G ) = n − 2 . Secondly, we characterize all graphs with ∂ 2 ( G ) ∈ [ n − 2 , n ] when n ≥ 11 . Furthermore, we give the lower bound on ∂ 2 ( G ) with independence number α and the extremal graph is also characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a connected graph of order n with m edges and diameter d . The Wiener index W ( G ) and the multiplicative Wiener index π ( G ) of the graph G are equal, respectively, to the sum and product of the distances between all pairs of vertices of G . We obtain a lower bound for the difference π ( G ) − W ( G ) of bipartite graphs. From it, we prove that π ( G ) > W ( G ) holds for all connected bipartite graphs, except P 2 , P 3 , and C 4 . We also establish sufficient conditions for the validity of π ( G ) > W ( G ) in the general case. Finally, a relation between W ( G ) , π ( G ) , n , m , and d is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy E ( G ) of a simple graph G is the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. The line graph of G is denoted by L G . We obtain a relation between E ( L G ) and E ( G ) , and establish bounds on E ( L G ) . Moreover, we present results pertaining to equienergetic and hyperenergetic graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete split graph C S ( n , α ) , is a graph on n vertices consisting of a clique on n − α vertices and an independent set on the remaining α ( 1 ≤ α ≤ n − 1 ) vertices in which each vertex of the clique is adjacent to each vertex of the independent set. In this paper, we prove that C S ( n , α ) is determined by its Laplacian spectrum when 1 ≤ α ≤ n − 1 , and C S ( n , α ) is also determined by its signless Laplacian spectrum when 1 ≤ α ≤ n − 1 and α ≠ 3 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inverse degree of graph G is defined as I D ( G ) = ∑ v ∈ V ( G ) 1 d G ( v ) where d G ( v ) is the degree of vertex v in G . In this paper we have determined some upper and lower bounds on the inverse degree I D ( G ) for a connected graph G in terms of other graph parameters, such as chromatic number, clique number, connectivity, number of cut edges, matching number. Also the corresponding extremal graphs have been completely characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wiener polarity index W p ( G ) of a graph G is the number of unordered pairs of vertices { u ,  v } in G such that the distance between u and v is equal to 3. Very recently, Zhang and Hu studied the Wiener polarity index in [Y. Zhang, Y. Hu, 2016] [38]. In this short paper, we establish an upper bound on the Wiener polarity index in terms of Hosoya index and characterize the corresponding extremal graphs. Moreover, we obtain Nordhaus–Gaddum-type results for W p ( G ). Our lower bound on W p ( G ) + W p ( G ¯ ) is always better than the previous lower bound given by Zhang and Hu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy of a simple graph G , E ( G ) , is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. The energy of line graph and the signless Laplacian energy of graph G are denoted by E ( L G ) ( L G is the line graph of G ) and LE + ( G ) , respectively. In this paper we obtain a relation between E ( L G ) and LE + ( G ) of graph G . From this relation we characterize all the graphs satisfying E ( L G ) = LE + ( G ) + 4 m n − 4 . We also present a relation between E ( G ) and E ( L G ) . Moreover, we give an upper bound on E ( L G ) of graph G and characterize the extremal graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Graovac–Ghorbani index ( ABC GG ), was introduced by Graovac and Ghorbani, (2010). In this paper we present some upper and lower bounds on the ABC GG index and characterize the extremal graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zeroth-order Randić index and the sum-connectivity index are very popular topological indices in mathematical chemistry. These two indices are based on vertex degrees of graphs and attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Recently Li and Li (2015) studied these two indices for trees of order n . In this paper we obtain a relation between the zeroth-order Randić index and the sum-connectivity index for graphs. From this we infer an upper bound for the sum-connectivity index of graphs. Moreover, we prove that the zeroth-order Randić index is greater than the sum-connectivity index for trees. Finally, we show that R 2,  α ( G ) is greater or equal R 1,  α ( G ) ( α ≥ 1) for any graph and characterize the extremal graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a connected threshold graph of order n with m edges and trace T . In this paper we give a lower bound on Laplacian energy in terms of n, m and T of G . From this we determine the threshold graphs with the first four minimal Laplacian energies. Moreover, we obtain the threshold graphs with the largest and the second largest Laplacian energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a bipartite graph of order n with m edges. The energy E ( G ) of G is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix A . In 1974, one of the present authors established lower and upper bounds for E ( G ) in terms of n, m , and det A . Now, more than 40 years later, we correct some details of this result and determine the extremal graphs. In addition, an upper bound on the Laplacian energy of bipartite graphs in terms of n, m , and the first Zagreb index is obtained, and the extremal graphs characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The connective eccentricity index (CEI) of a graph G is defined as ξ ce ( G ) = ∑ v i ∈ V ( G ) d ( v i ) ε ( v i ) where ε ( v i ) and d ( v i ) are the eccentricity and the degree of vertex v i , respectively, in G . In this paper we obtain some lower and upper bounds on the connective eccentricity index for all trees of order n and with matching number β and characterize the corresponding extremal trees. And the maximal graphs of order n and with matching number β and n edges have been determined which maximize the connective eccentricity index. Also the extremal graphs with maximal connective eccentricity index are completely characterized among all connected graphs of order n and with matching number β . Moreover we establish some relations between connective eccentricity index and eccentric connectivity index, as another eccentricity-based invariant, of graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the molecular graph G with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G). It mentions that the Zagreb index of G is related to the degree of vertex in G. It offers information on the multiplicative Zagreb coindex and second multiplicative Zagreb coindex.. It offers information on the Narumi-Katayama index of a graph G, denoted by NK(G).

Let W, Sz, PI , and WP be, respectively, the Wiener, Szeged, PI, and Wiener polarity indices of a molecular graph G . Let M 1 and M 2 be the first and second Zagreb indices of G . We obtain relations between these classical distance– and degree–based topological indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distance signless Laplacian spectral radius of a connected graph G is the largest eigenvalue of the distance signless Laplacian matrix of G , defined as D Q ( G ) = T r ( G ) + D ( G ) , where D ( G ) is the distance matrix of G and T r ( G ) is the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions of G . In this paper we determine upper and lower bounds on the minimal and maximal entries of the principal eigenvector of D Q ( G ) and characterize the extremal graphs. In addition, we obtain a lower bound on the distance signless Laplacian spectral radius of G based on its order and independence number, and characterize the extremal graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For G being a graph with n vertices and m edges, and with Laplacian eigenvalues μ 1 ≥ μ 2 ≥ ⋯ ≥ μ n − 1 ≥ μ n = 0 , the Laplacian energy is defined as L E = ∑ i = 1 n | μ i − 2 m / n | . Let σ be the largest positive integer such that μ σ ≥ 2 m / n . We characterize the graphs satisfying σ = n − 1 . Using this, we obtain lower bounds for LE in terms of n, m , and the first Zagreb index. In addition, we present some upper bounds for LE in terms of graph invariants such as n, m , maximum degree, vertex cover number, and spanning tree packing number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first Zagreb index M1 is equal to the sum of the squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index M2 is equal to the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices of the respective graph. In this paper we present the lower bound on M1 and M2 among all unicyclic graphs of given order, maximum degree, and cycle length, and characterize graphs for which the bound is attained. Moreover, we obtain some relations between the Zagreb indices for unicyclic graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For any real number α , let s α ( G ) denote the sum of the α th power of the non-zero Laplacian eigenvalues of a graph G . In this paper, we first obtain sharp bounds on the largest and the second smallest Laplacian eigenvalues of a graph, and a new spectral characterization of a graph from its Laplacian eigenvalues. Using these results, we then establish sharp bounds for s α ( G ) in terms of the number of vertices, number of edges, maximum vertex degree and minimum vertex degree of the graph G , from which a Nordhaus–Gaddum type result for s α is also deduced. Moreover, we characterize the graphs maximizing s α for α > 1 among all the connected graphs with given matching number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let S z ( G ) and ξ c ( G ) be the Szeged index and the eccentric connectivity index of a graph G , respectively. In this paper we obtain a lower bound on S z ( T ) − ξ c ( T ) by double counting on some matrix and characterize the extremal graphs. From this result we compare the Szeged index and the eccentricity connectivity index of trees. For bipartite graphs we also compare the Szeged index and the eccentricity connectivity index. Moreover, we show that S z ( G ) − ξ c ( G ) ≥ − 4 for bipartite graphs and this result is not true in the general case. Finally, we classify the bipartite graphs G in which S z ( G ) − ξ c ( G ) ∈ { − 4 , − 3 , − 2 , − 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 } . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = ( V , E ) be a simple graph with vertex set V ( G ) = { v 1 , v 2 , … , v n } and edge set E ( G ) . The distance signless Laplacian spectral radius of a connected graph G is the spectral radius of the distance signless Laplacian matrix of G , defined as Q ( G ) = Tr ( G ) + D ( G ) , where Tr ( G ) is the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions of G and D ( G ) is the distance matrix of G . In [10] , Xing et al. determined the graph with minimum distance signless Laplacian spectral radius among the trees with fixed number of vertices. For n ≥ 3 , let T n − 3 , 1 1 be the n -vertex tree of maximum degree n − 2 . In this paper, we show that T n − 3 , 1 1 gives the second minimum distance signless Laplacian spectral radius among the trees with fixed number of vertices. Moreover, we prove two conjectures involving the second largest eigenvalue of the distance signless Laplacian matrix Q ( G ) of graph G . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a simple graph of order n with vertex set V = { v 1 , v 2 , … , v n } . Also let μ 1 ( G ) ≥ μ 2 ( G ) ≥ ⋯ ≥ μ n − 1 ( G ) ≥ μ n ( G ) = 0 and q 1 ( G ) ≥ q 2 ( G ) ≥ ⋯ ≥ q n ( G ) ≥ 0 be the Laplacian eigenvalues and signless Laplacian eigenvalues of G , respectively. In this paper we obtain μ i ( G ) ≤ i − 1 + min U i ⁡ max ⁡ { | N H ( v k ) ∪ N H ( v j ) | : v k v j ∈ E ( H ) } , where N H ( v k ) is the set of neighbors of vertex v k in V ( H ) = V ( G ) \ U i , U i is any ( i − 1 ) -subset of V ( G ) (here, we agree that i ∈ { 1 , … , n − 1 } and μ i ( G ) ≤ i − 1 if E ( H ) = ∅ ). For any graph G , this bound does not exceed the order of G . Moreover, we prove that max ⁡ { μ i ( G ) , q i ( G ) } ≤ max i ≤ k ≤ n ⁡ { d G ( v k ) + ∑ v j ∈ N G ( v k ) ∩ N d G ( v j ) d G ( v k ) } ≤ 2 d G ( v i ) , where d G ( v i ) is the i -th largest degree of G and N = { v i , v i + 1 , … , v n } . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Molecular descriptors play an important role in mathematical chemistry, especially in the QSPR and QSAR modeling. Among them, a special place is reserved for the so called topological indices. Nowadays, there exists a legion of topological indices that found applications in various areas of chemistry Todeschini and Consonni (2000, 2009). Recently, we carried out comparison between several topological indices for various classes of graphs and trees (Das et al., 2012; Das and Trinajsti, 2010, 2011, 2012; Horoldagva and Das, 2012; Hua and Das, 2013). In this report, we compare the Wiener index and the Zagreb indices and the eccentric connectivity index for trees. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The remoteness of a connected graph is the maximum, over all vertices, of the average distance from a vertex to all others, while the proximity of a connected graph is the minimum, over all vertices, of the average distance from a vertex to all others. In this paper, we first deal with some conjectures on remoteness and proximity, among which two conjectures were proved, while the other two conjectures were disproved by counter examples. Then we obtain some new upper bounds for remoteness and proximity in terms of some graph invariants. Moreover, we use remoteness to give a new sufficient condition for a connected bipartite graph to be Hamiltonian. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Let be a graph with vertices and edges. Also let be the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of graph . The Laplacian energy of the graph is defined as In this paper, we present some lower and upper bounds for of graph in terms of , the number of edges and the maximum degree . Also we give a Nordhaus–Gaddum-type result for Laplacian energy of graphs. Moreover, we obtain a relation between Laplacian energy and Laplacian-energy-like invariant of graphs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]